EP3660583A1 - Substrat - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP3660583A1
EP3660583A1 EP18838533.0A EP18838533A EP3660583A1 EP 3660583 A1 EP3660583 A1 EP 3660583A1 EP 18838533 A EP18838533 A EP 18838533A EP 3660583 A1 EP3660583 A1 EP 3660583A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spacers
less
base layer
substrate
quadrangle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP18838533.0A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3660583A4 (de
Inventor
Han Min Seo
Ji Young Hwang
Hyeon Choi
Seung Heon Lee
Dong Hyun Oh
Jung Sun You
Cheol Ock Song
Nam Seok Bae
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LG Chem Ltd
Original Assignee
LG Chem Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LG Chem Ltd filed Critical LG Chem Ltd
Priority claimed from PCT/KR2018/008551 external-priority patent/WO2019022565A1/ko
Publication of EP3660583A1 publication Critical patent/EP3660583A1/de
Publication of EP3660583A4 publication Critical patent/EP3660583A4/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
    • G02F1/13392—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells spacers dispersed on the cell substrate, e.g. spherical particles, microfibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133302—Rigid substrates, e.g. inorganic substrates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
    • G02F1/13394—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells spacers regularly patterned on the cell subtrate, e.g. walls, pillars
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/56—Substrates having a particular shape, e.g. non-rectangular

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a substrate.
  • An optical device capable of adjusting transmittance or color of light by disposing a light modulation layer between two substrates is known.
  • a so-called GH cell guest host cell to which a mixture of a liquid crystal host and a dichroic dye guest is applied is known.
  • spacers are located between the substrates to maintain the spacing between the two substrates.
  • Patent Document 1 European Patent Publication No. 0022311
  • the present application relates to a substrate, for example, a substrate comprising spacers.
  • a substrate for example, a substrate comprising spacers.
  • room temperature is a natural temperature without being heated or cooled, which may be, for example, any temperature in a range of 10°C to 30°C, or about 23°C or about 25°C or so.
  • the unit of temperature is °C.
  • normal pressure is a natural pressure without being pressurized or depressurized, where usually about 1 atm is referred to as the normal pressure.
  • the substrate of the present application comprises a base layer and spacers present on the base layer.
  • the base layer any base layer used in a substrate in a configuration of a known optical device such as, for example, an LCD (liquid crystal display) can be applied without particular limitation.
  • the base layer may be an inorganic base layer or an organic base layer.
  • the inorganic base layer a glass base layer or the like can be exemplified, and as the organic base layer, various plastic films or the like can be exemplified.
  • the plastic film can be exemplified by a TAC (triacetyl cellulose) film; a COP (cycloolefin copolymer) film such as a norbornene derivative; an acrylic film such as PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate); a PC (polycarbonate) film; a polyolefin film such as PE (polyethylene) or PP (polypropylene); a PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) film; a DAC (diacetyl cellulose) film; a Pac (polyacrylate) film; a PES (polyether sulfone) film; a PEEK (polyetheretherketone) film; a PPS (polyphenylsulfone) film, a PEI (polyetherimide) film; a PEN (polyethylenemaphthatate) film; a PET (polyethyleneterephtalate) film; a PI (polyimide) film; a
  • the thickness of the base layer is also not particularly limited, where an appropriate range may be selected depending on applications.
  • a plurality of spacers is present on the base layer.
  • the spacer may be fixed to the base layer.
  • the spacer may be fixed directly in contact with the base layer, or if there are other layers between the base layer and the spacer, it may be fixed on the relevant other layer.
  • the kind of the other layer includes a known layer necessary for driving the optical device, and for example, there is an electrode layer to be described below.
  • the plurality of spacers is disposed on the base layer while having predetermined regularity and irregularity simultaneously. Specifically, at least a part of the plurality of spacers on the base layer are in an irregular arrangement in terms of being arranged so as to have pitches different from each other, but are regular in terms of being arranged with substantially the same density between regions determined according to a predetermined rule.
  • the spacers disposed on the base layer are disposed so as to have pitches different from each other.
  • the term pitch can be defined as a length of a side of the closed figure.
  • the unit of the pitch is ⁇ m.
  • the length of the side of the closed figure may be at most 600 ⁇ m or so.
  • the maximum length of the lengths of the sides of the closed figure may be about 550 ⁇ m or less, about 500 ⁇ m or less, about 450 ⁇ m or less, or about 400 ⁇ m or less, or may be about 300 ⁇ m or more, 350 ⁇ m or more, or 400 ⁇ m or more.
  • the minimum length of the lengths of the sides of the closed figure may be about 10 ⁇ m or more. In another example, the minimum length of the lengths of the sides of the closed figure may be about 100 ⁇ m or less, about 90 ⁇ m or less, about 80 ⁇ m or less, about 70 ⁇ m or less, or about 65 ⁇ m or less, or may be about 20 ⁇ m or more, 30 ⁇ m or more, or 40 ⁇ m or more.
  • a cell gap of the element can be stably maintained and it can be prevented to cause appearance defects such as stains.
  • the maximum or minimum length can be obtained by using a known random number coordinate program, for example, a CAD, MATLAB or STELLA random number coordinate program or the like.
  • the closed figure thus formed may be a triangle, a quadrangle or a hexagon. That is, when three spacers among the plurality of spacers have been optionally selected and connected to each other, the triangle is formed; when four spacers have been selected and connected to each other, the quadrangle is formed; and when six spacers have been selected and connected, the hexagon is formed.
  • Figure 1 is an example of a quadrangle which is a closed figure formed by optionally selecting four spacers among the spacers (black dots) existing on the base layer and connecting them by imaginary lines (dotted lines). However, upon determining the pitch, the closed figure thus formed is formed such that no spacer is present therein. Therefore, for example, in the case where spacers are formed such that another spacer is present therein, as in Figure 2 , they are excluded when determining the pitch.
  • the ratio (%) of the number of sides having the same length among sides of a triangle, a quadrangle or a hexagon, which is a closed figure thus formed (100 ⁇ (number of sides of the same length)/3 in the case of a triangle, 100 ⁇ (number of sides of the same length)/4 in the case of a hexagon, and 100 ⁇ (number of sides of the same length)/6 in the case of a hexagon) can be 85% or less.
  • the ratio may be 84% or less, 80% or less, 76% or less, 67% or less, 55% or less, or 40% or less.
  • the lower limit of the ratio is not particularly limited. That is, in some cases, since the lengths of all sides of the closed figure may not be the same, the lower limit of the ratio may be 0%.
  • the arrangement of the spacers of the present application is irregular in that at least a part thereof has different pitches, but such irregularity is controlled under certain regularity.
  • the regularity may mean that the arrangement density of spacers is substantially close to each other between certain regions.
  • the standard deviation of the number of spacers present in each square region is 2 or less.
  • Figure 3 is a view exemplarily showing a case where four square regions (dotted rectangular regions in Figure 3 ) with 10P as the length of one side are optionally selected.
  • the term normal pitch means a distance between the centers of adjacent spacers in a state where the plurality of spacers, in actuality, irregularly disposed on the base layer are placed so that all of the spacers are virtually disposed at the same pitch in consideration of the number of the spacers and the area of the base layer.
  • the standard deviation is a numerical value representing a degree of scattering of the number of the spacers, which is a numerical value determined by a positive square root of dispersion.
  • the standard deviation is 2 or less.
  • the standard deviation may be 1.5 or less, 1 or less, or 0.5 or less.
  • the standard deviation means that the lower the numerical value is, the desired regularity is achieved, and thus the lower limit is not particularly limited, which may be 0, for example.
  • the number of the designated rectangular regions is not particularly limited as long as it is 2 or more, but in one example, it may be selected as the number that the rectangular regions are optionally selected so as not to overlap each other on the surface of the base layer, provided that the area occupied by the optionally selected regions is about 10% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, or 90% or more of the total area of the base layer.
  • the range of the normal pitch (P) forming one side of the arbitrary rectangular region can be determined by the number of spacers present on the base layer and the area of the relevant base layer, as described above, which is not particularly limited, and usually, it may be in a range of 50 ⁇ m to 1,000 ⁇ m.
  • the normal pitch (P) may be about 60 ⁇ m or more, 70 ⁇ m or more, 80 ⁇ m or more, 90 ⁇ m or more, 100 ⁇ m or more, or 110 ⁇ m or more, and may also be about 900 ⁇ m or less, 800 ⁇ m or less, 700 ⁇ m or less, 600 ⁇ m or less, 500 ⁇ m or less, 400 ⁇ m or less, 300 ⁇ m or less, 200 ⁇ m or less, or 150 ⁇ m or less.
  • the average number of spacers present in optionally selected square regions as above may be, for example, about 80 to 150 or so.
  • the average number may be 82 or more, 84 or more, 86 or more, 88 or more, 90 or more, 92 or more, 94 or more, 96 or more, or 98 or more.
  • the average number may be 148 or less, 146 or less, 144 or less, 142 or less, 140 or less, 138 or less, 136 or less, 134 or less, 132 or less, 130 or less, 128 or less, 126 or less, 124 or less, 122 or less, 120 or less, 118 or less, 116 or less, 114 or less, or 112 or less.
  • the ratio (SD/A) of the average number (A) of the spacers and the above-mentioned standard deviation (SD) may be 0.1 or less. In another example, the ratio may be 0.09 or less, 0.08 or less, 0.07 or less, 0.06 or less, 0.05 or less, 0.04 or less, 0.03 or less, 0.02 or less, or 0.01 or less.
  • the ratio (SD/A) may be 0 or more, or about 0.005 or more or so.
  • the average number (A) or the ratio (SD/A) may be optionally changed, and for example, the numerical value may be changed in consideration of the transmittance, the cell gap and/or the uniformity of the cell gap required in the device to which the substrate is applied, and the like.
  • the standard deviation of the number of the spacers in each unit region may be 2 or less.
  • the standard deviation thereof is 2 or less.
  • the shape of each divided unit region is not particularly limited as long as the relevant unit regions are divided so as to have the same area, but it may be, for example, a triangular, square, or hexagonal region.
  • the standard deviation in the above state may be 1.5 or less, 1 or less, or 0.5 or less, or may be 0 or more, 0.5 or more, 1 or more, or 1.5 or more.
  • the number of unit regions is not particularly limited, but in one example, the base layer may be divided into two or more, four or more, six or more, eight or more, or ten or more regions having the same area.
  • the upper limit of the number of divided regions is not particularly limited.
  • the average number of spacers existing in the relevant region may be in a range of 0 to 4. In another example, the average number may be 3.5 or less, 3 or less, 2.5 or less, 2 or less, or 1.5 or less. Also, in another example, the average number may be 0.5 or more.
  • the number of square regions of which the length of one side is optionally designated as the normal pitch (P) is not particularly limited as long as it is two or more, but in one example, it may be selected as the number that the square regions are optionally selected so as not to overlap each other on the surface of the base layer, provided that the area occupied by the optionally selected region is about 10% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, or 90% or more of the total area of the base layer.
  • the entire density of the plurality of spacers can be adjusted so that the ratio of the area occupied by the spacers is about 50% or less relative to the total area of the base layer.
  • the ratio may be about 45% or less, about 40% or less, about 35% or less, about 30% or less, about 25% or less, about 20% or less, about 15% or less, about 10% or less, about 9.5% or less, 9% or less, 8.5% or less, 8% or less, 7.5% or less, 7% or less, 6.5% or less, 6% or less, 5.5% or less, 5% or less, 4.5% or less, 4% or less, 3.5% or less, 3% or less, 2.5% or less, 2% or less, or 1.5% or less.
  • the ratio may be about 0.1% or more, 0.2% or more, 0.3% or more, 0.4% or more, 0.5% or more, 0.6% or more, 0.7% or more, 0.8% or more, 0.9% or more, or 0.95% or more.
  • the uniform optical characteristics can be ensured without causing the so-called moire phenomenon, while the spacers maintain the uniform pitch (cell gap) between the substrates.
  • the respective numerical values may be changed, if necessary, and for example, the numerical values may be changed in consideration of the transmittance, the cell gap and/or the uniformity of the cell gap required in the device to which the substrate is applied, and the like.
  • the plurality of spacers may be arranged such that their spacing normal distribution diagram represents a predetermined shape.
  • the spacing normal distribution diagram is a distribution diagram showing the pitch between the spacers as the X-axis and the ratio of the spacers having the relevant pitch among all the spacers as the Y-axis, where the ratio of the spacers is a ratio obtained when the number of the entire spacer has been assumed to be 1.
  • the pitch in the description related to the spacing normal distribution diagram herein is also a length of sides in a triangle, a quadrangle or a hexagon, which is the above-mentioned closed figure.
  • the distribution diagram can be obtained using a known random number coordinate program, for example, a CAD, MATLAB or STELLA random number coordinate program or the like.
  • the plurality of spacers may be disposed such that a half height area in the distribution diagram is in a range of 0.4 to 0.95.
  • the half height area may be 0.45 or more, 0.5 or more, 0.55 or more, 0.6 or more, 0.65 or more, 0.7 or more, or 0.85 or more.
  • the half height area may be 0.9 or less, 0.85 or less, 0.8 or less, 0.75 or less, 0.7 or less, 0.65 or less, 0.6 or less, 0.55 or less, or 0.5 or less.
  • the plurality of spacers may be arranged such that a ratio (FWHM/Pm) of the half height width (FWHM) to the average pitch (Pm) in the distribution diagram is 1 or less.
  • the ratio (FWHM/Pm) may be 0.05 or more, 0.1 or more, 0.11 or more, 0.12 or more, or 0.13 or more.
  • the ratio (FWHM/Pm) is about 0.95 or less, about 0.9 or less, about 0.85 or less, about 0.8 or less, about 0.75 or less, about 0.7 or less, about 0.65 or less, about 0.6 or less, about 0.55 or less, about 0.5 or less, about 0.45 or less, or about 0.4 or less.
  • the above-mentioned average pitch (Pm) is an average of the lengths of the respective sides of the triangle, quadrangle or hexagon formed by the selected spacers.
  • the spacers are also selected so that the formed triangles, quadrangles or hexagons do not share vertexes with respect to each other.
  • the plurality of spacers may be disposed such that the half height width (FWHM) in the distribution diagram is in a range of 0.5 ⁇ m to 1,000 ⁇ m .
  • the half height width (FWHM) may be about 1 ⁇ m or more, 2 ⁇ m or more, 3 ⁇ m or more, 4 ⁇ m or more, 5 ⁇ m or more, 6 ⁇ m or more, 7 ⁇ m or more, 8 ⁇ m or more, 9 ⁇ m or more, 10 ⁇ m or more, 11 ⁇ m or more, 12 ⁇ m or more, 13 ⁇ m or more, 14 ⁇ m or more, 15 ⁇ m or more, 16 ⁇ m or more, 17 ⁇ m or more, 18 ⁇ m or more, 19 ⁇ m or more, 20 ⁇ m or more, 21 ⁇ m or more, 22 ⁇ m or more, 23 ⁇ m or more, 24 ⁇ m or more, 27 ⁇ m or more, 30 ⁇ m or more, 35 ⁇ m or more, 40 ⁇ m or more, 45 ⁇ m or more, or 50 ⁇ m or more.
  • the half height width may be about 900 ⁇ m or less, 800 ⁇ m or less, 700 ⁇ m or less, 600 ⁇ m or less, 500 ⁇ m or less, 400 ⁇ m or less, 300 ⁇ m or less, 200 ⁇ m or less, 150 ⁇ m or less, 100 ⁇ m or less, 90 ⁇ m or less, 80 ⁇ m or less, 70 ⁇ m or less, 60 ⁇ m or less, 50 ⁇ m or less, 40 ⁇ m or less, or 30 ⁇ m or less.
  • the plurality of spacers may be disposed such that the maximum height (Fmax) of the spacing normal distribution diagram is 0.006 or more and less than 1.
  • the maximum height (Fmax) may be about 0.007 or more, about 0.008 or more, about 0.009 or more, or about 0.0095 or more, about 0.01 or more, or about 0.015 or more.
  • the maximum height (Fmax) may be about 0.9 or less, about 0.8 or less, about 0.7 or less, about 0.6 or less, about 0.5 or less, about 0.4 or less, about 0.3 or less, about 0.2 or less, about 0.1 or less, about 0.09 or less, about 0.08 or less, about 0.07 or less, about 0.06 or less, about 0.05 or less, about 0.04 or less, about 0.03 or less, or about 0.02 or less.
  • the normal arrangement state is a state where the plurality of spacers are disposed on the base layer such that a regular triangle, a square or a regular hexagon in which all sides have the same length can be formed.
  • Figure 5 is a state in which spacers are disposed to form the square as an example.
  • the length P of one side of the square in this state may be equal to the above-mentioned normal pitch.
  • a circle region having a radius of a length proportional to the length P of one side is designated on the basis of a point where one spacer exists, and the program is set so that the one spacer can be randomly moved in the region.
  • Figure 5 schematically shows a form in which the circle region having the radius of the length of 50% (0.5P) relative to the length P is set and the spacer moves to any point in the region.
  • the above-described arrangement can be achieved by applying such a movement to spacers of at least 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, or 100% (all spacers).
  • the ratio for the length P which becomes the radius of the circle region may be defined as a degree of irregularity.
  • the degree of irregularity is about 50%.
  • the degree of irregularity in the design manner may be about 5% or more, about 10% or more, about 15% or more, about 20% or more, about 25% or more, about 30% or more, about 35% or more, about 40% or more, about 45% or more, about 50% or more, about 55% or more, about 60% or more, or about 65% or more. In one example, the degree of irregularity may be about 95% or less, about 90% or less, about 85% or less, or about 80% or less.
  • the arrangement having the above-described irregularity and regularity simultaneously can be achieved by designing the arrangement of the spacers in the same manner as above and forming the spacers according to the designed arrangement.
  • the normal state may be other figures such as a regular triangle or a regular hexagon, and in this case, the above-described arrangement can also be achieved.
  • the means for designing the arrangement of the spacers in the same manner as above is not particularly limited, and a known random number coordinate program such as, for example, a CAD, MATLAB, STELLA or Excel random number coordinate program can be used.
  • a known random number coordinate program such as, for example, a CAD, MATLAB, STELLA or Excel random number coordinate program can be used.
  • a mask having a pattern according to the relevant design and the like may be manufactured and such spacers may be implemented by a lithography or imprinting method and the like using the relevant mask.
  • the dimension of such spacers is not particularly limited, which may be selected within a known range.
  • the spacers may have a bottom cross-sectional area in a range of about 0.25 ⁇ m 2 to 1 mm 2 , and a height in a range of about 0.5 ⁇ m to 1 mm.
  • the bottom cross-sectional area may be about 0.5 ⁇ m 2 or more, 0.75 ⁇ m 2 or more, 1 ⁇ m 2 or more, 5 ⁇ m 2 or more, 10 ⁇ m 2 or more, 15 ⁇ m 2 or or more, or 20 ⁇ m 2 or more, or may also be 900000 ⁇ m 2 or less, 800000 ⁇ m 2 or less, 700000 ⁇ m 2 or less, 600000 ⁇ m 2 or less, 500000 ⁇ m 2 or less, 400000 ⁇ m 2 or less, 300000 ⁇ m 2 or less, 200000 ⁇ m 2 or less, 100000 ⁇ m 2 or less, 90000 ⁇ m 2 or less, 80000 ⁇ m 2 or less, 70000 ⁇ m 2 or less, 60000 ⁇ m 2 or less, 50000 ⁇ m 2 or less, 40000 ⁇ m 2 or less, 30000 ⁇ m 2 or less, 20000 ⁇ m 2 or less, 10000 ⁇ m 2 or less, 9000 ⁇ m 2 or less, 8000 ⁇ m 2
  • the spacer can be formed using a known material and method.
  • the spacer may be formed by comprising an ultraviolet curable resin.
  • the spacer can be formed by designing the regular irregularity in the above-described manner and curing an ultraviolet curable compound according to the desired arrangement in an imprinting or lithography method using a mask designed according to the designed contents, where the ultraviolet curable resin that is a cured product of the ultraviolet curable compound can form the spacer.
  • the specific kind of the ultraviolet curable compound that can be used for forming the spacer is not particularly limited, and for example, an acrylate-based polymer or an epoxy-based polymer, and the like may be used, without being limited thereto.
  • the substrate of the present application may comprise, in addition to the base layer and the spacers, other elements required for driving the optical device. These elements are variously known, and typically, there is an electrode layer.
  • the substrate may further comprise an electrode layer between the base layer and the spacers.
  • the electrode layer a known material can be applied.
  • the electrode layer may comprise a metal alloy, an electrically conductive compound or a mixture of two or more thereof.
  • Such a material can be exemplified by a metal such as gold, Cul, an oxide material such as ITO (indium tin oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide), ZTO (zinc tin oxide), zinc oxide doped with aluminum or indium, magnesium indium oxide, nickel tungsten oxide, ZnO, SnO 2 or In 2 O 3 , a metal nitride such as gallium nitride, a metal selenide such as zinc selenide, a metal sulfide such as zinc sulfide, or the like.
  • a transparent positive hole injecting electrode layer can also be formed by using a laminate of a metal thin film of Au, Ag or Cu, and the like, and a transparent material having high refractive index such as ZnS, TiO 2 or ITO.
  • the electrode layer may be formed by any means such as vapor deposition, sputtering, chemical vapor deposition or electrochemical means. Patterning of the electrode layer is also possible in a known manner without any particular limitation, and the electrode layer may be patterned, for example, through known photolithography or a process using a shadow mask or the like.
  • the substrate of the present application may further comprise an alignment film present on the base layer and the spacers.
  • the kind of the alignment film formed on the base layer and the spacers is not particularly limited, where a known alignment film, for example, a known rubbing alignment film or a photo-alignment film can be applied.
  • a method of forming the alignment film on the base layer and the spacers and performing orientation treatment thereon is also in accordance with a known method.
  • the present application also relates to an optical device formed using such a substrate.
  • An exemplary optical device of the present application may comprise the substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to the substrate and maintaining a gap with the substrate by the spacers in the substrate.
  • a light modulation layer may be present in a gap between two substrates.
  • the term light modulation layer may include all known types of layers capable of changing at least one characteristic among characteristics such as polarization states, transmittance, color tones and reflectance of incident light depending on purposes.
  • the light modulation layer is a layer comprising a liquid crystal material, which may be a liquid crystal layer switched between a diffusion mode and a transparent mode by on-off of a voltage, for example, a vertical electric field or a horizontal electric field, a liquid crystal layer switched between a transparent mode and a blocking mode, a liquid crystal layer switched between a transparent mode and a color mode, or a liquid crystal layer switched between color modes of different colors.
  • a liquid crystal material which may be a liquid crystal layer switched between a diffusion mode and a transparent mode by on-off of a voltage, for example, a vertical electric field or a horizontal electric field, a liquid crystal layer switched between a transparent mode and a blocking mode, a liquid crystal layer switched between a transparent mode and a color mode, or a liquid crystal layer switched between color modes of different colors.
  • Light modulation layers for example, liquid crystal layers, capable of performing the above action are variously known.
  • One exemplary light modulation layer is a liquid crystal layer used in a typical liquid crystal display.
  • the light modulation layer may also be various types of so-called guest host liquid crystal layers, polymer dispersed liquid crystal layers, pixel-isolated liquid crystal layers, suspended particle devices or electrochromic devices, and the like.
  • the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer is a superordinate concept including a PILC (pixel isolated liquid crystal), a PDLC (polymer dispersed liquid crystal), a PNLC (polymer network liquid crystal) or a PSLC (polymer stabilized liquid crystal), and the like.
  • the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer (PDLC) may comprise, for example, a liquid crystal region containing a polymer network and a liquid crystal compound dispersed in a state of being phase-separated from the polymer network.
  • the implementation manner or form of the light modulation layer is not particularly limited, and any known method may be employed without any limitations depending on purposes.
  • the optical device may further comprise additional known functional layers, such as a polarizing layer, a hard coating layer, and/or an antireflection layer, if necessary.
  • additional known functional layers such as a polarizing layer, a hard coating layer, and/or an antireflection layer, if necessary.
  • the present application relates to a substrate on which spacers are disposed in a certain arrangement state and an optical device using such a substrate.
  • a plurality of spacers are irregularly disposed on a substrate depending on a predetermined rule, so that overall uniform optical characteristics can be ensured without causing a so-called moire phenomenon or the like, while the spacers maintain the uniform cell gap in the construction of the optical device.
  • a spacer arrangement pattern with a degree of irregularity of about 10% was designed using a random number coordinate generating program (CAD) in the following manner.
  • CAD random number coordinate generating program
  • FIG. 6 is an example of a spacer arrangement designed as above. As shown in Figure 6 , when four spacers were selected so that a quadrangle as a closed figure was formed in the arrangement of the spacers and the length of each side was measured, at least one of the lengths of the sides of the quadrangle was different.
  • the minimum length of all the side lengths of the quadrangle as the closed figure was about 87 ⁇ m, and the maximum length was about 113 ⁇ m.
  • the average number of spacers in each square region was 100 and the standard deviation was about 0.
  • the surface of the base layer shown in Figure 6 was divided into four rectangular regions having the same area, the average number of spacers in each rectangular region was 24.1 and the standard deviation was about 1.7.
  • Figure 7 was a spacing normal distribution diagram of the spacers having the same arrangement as above, where the half height area in the distribution diagram was about 0.71, the half height width (FWHM) was about 14.19, the average pitch (Pm) was about 127 ⁇ m, and the maximum height (Fmax) was about 0.095.
  • a base layer As the base layer (100 in Figure 10 ), a base layer was used, in which a crystalline ITO (indium tin oxide) layer as an electrode layer was formed on a PC (polycarbonate) film.
  • the substrate was produced by forming spacers so that the arrangement followed the designed manner.
  • the occurrence of the moire phenomenon was evaluated by a method of placing the substrate thus produced on a general commercial monitor.
  • Figure 8 is a result of confirming whether or not the moire phenomenon evaluated in the above method occurs
  • Figure 9 is a result of measurement with respect to the substrate on which spacers are formed according to the above-mentioned normal arrangement state. It can be confirmed from the results of Figures 8 and 9 that the occurrence of the moire phenomenon can be suppressed by controlling the arrangement state of the spacers.
  • the spacer arrangement was designed in the same manner as in Example 1, provided that the spacer arrangement was designed so that the degree of irregularity was 50% (the program was set so that the individual spacers were randomly moved in a circle region having a radius (0.5P) of 50% of the normal pitch and the individual spacers were moved).
  • the minimum length of all the sides of the quadrangle as the closed figure was about 36 ⁇ m, and the maximum length was about 164 ⁇ m.
  • Figure 10 is an example of a spacer arrangement designed as above. As shown in Figure 10 , when four spacers were selected so that a quadrangle as a closed figure was formed in the arrangement of the spacers and the length of each side was measured, at least one of the lengths of the sides of the quadrangle was different. In addition, in Figure 10 , when 12 square regions having a length of 10 times (10P) of the normal pitch (P) as one side were selected so that the regions did not overlap each other, the average number of spacers in each square region was 100 and the standard deviation was about 0. Furthermore, when the surface of the base layer shown in Figure 10 was divided into four rectangular regions having the same area, the average number of spacers in each rectangular region was 24.4 and the standard deviation was about 1.2.
  • 10 when four spacers were selected so that a quadrangle as a closed figure was formed in the arrangement of the spacers and the length of each side was measured, at least one of the lengths of the sides of the quadrangle was different.
  • Figure 11 was a spacing normal distribution diagram of the spacers having the same arrangement as above, where the half height area in the distribution diagram was about 0.68, the half height width (FWHM) was about 53.58, the average pitch (Pm) was about 127 ⁇ m, and the maximum height (Fmax) was about 0.019.
  • Figure 12 is a result of evaluating whether or not the moire phenomenon occurs in the same manner as in Example 1, using the substrate formed in the above manner, and it can be confirmed that the occurrence of the moire phenomenon is suppressed as in Example 1.
  • the spacer arrangement was designed in the same manner as in Example 1, provided that the spacer arrangement was designed so that the degree of irregularity was 70% (the program was set so that the individual spacers were randomly moved in a circle region having a radius (0.7P) of 70% of the normal pitch and the individual spacers were moved).
  • the minimum length of all the sides of the quadrangle as the closed figure was about 11 ⁇ m, and the maximum length was about 189 ⁇ m.
  • Figure 13 is an example of a spacer arrangement designed as above. As shown in Figure 13 , when four spacers were selected so that a quadrangle as a closed figure was formed in the arrangement of the spacers and the length of each side was measured, at least one of the lengths of the sides of the quadrangle was different. In addition, in Figure 13 , when 12 square regions having a length of 10 times (10P) of the normal pitch (P) as one side were selected so that the regions did not overlap each other, the average number of spacers in each square region was 99.5 and the standard deviation was about 0.9. Furthermore, when the surface of the base layer shown in Figure 13 was divided into four rectangular regions having the same area, the average number of spacers in each rectangular region was 23.1 and the standard deviation was about 1.7.
  • 10P 10 times
  • P normal pitch
  • Figure 14 was a spacing normal distribution diagram of the spacers having the same arrangement as above, where the half height area in the distribution diagram was about 0.64, the half height width (FWHM) was about 77.09, the average pitch (Pm) was about 127 ⁇ m, and the maximum height (Fmax) was about 0.016.
  • Figure 15 is a result of evaluating whether or not the moire phenomenon occurs in the same manner as in Example 1, using the substrate formed in the above manner, and it can be confirmed that the occurrence of the moire phenomenon is suppressed as in Example 1.
  • Figure 16 is a photograph evaluating whether or not appearance defects occur in the same manner as in Example 1 with respect to Example 3.
  • the spacer arrangement was designed in the same manner as in Example 1, provided that the spacer arrangement was designed so that the degree of irregularity was 70% (the program was set so that the individual spacers were randomly moved in a circle region having a radius (0.7P) of 70% of the normal pitch and the individual spacers were moved).
  • the minimum length of all the sides of the quadrangle as the closed figure was about 59 ⁇ m, and the maximum length was about 447 ⁇ m.
  • the spacer arrangement designed as above was approximately similar to that shown in Figure 13 . That is, as shown in Figure 13 , even in the case of Example 4, when four spacers were selected so that a quadrangle as a closed figure was formed in the arrangement of the spacers and the length of each side was measured, at least one of the lengths of the sides of the quadrangle was different. In addition, in the form as shown in Figure 13 , when 12 square regions having a length of 10 times (10P) of the normal pitch (P) as one side were selected so that the regions did not overlap each other, the average number of spacers in each square region was 99.5 and the standard deviation was about 0.9.
  • 10P 10 times
  • Figure 17 was a spacing normal distribution diagram of the spacers having the same arrangement as above, where the half height area in the distribution diagram was about 0.64, the half height width (FWHM) was about 181.42, the average pitch (Pm) was about 277 ⁇ m, and the maximum height (Fmax) was about 0.0061.
  • Figure 18 is a result of evaluating whether or not the moire phenomenon occurs in the same manner as in Example 1, using the substrate formed in the above manner, and it can be confirmed that the occurrence of the moire phenomenon is suppressed as in Example 1.
  • Figure 19 is a photograph evaluating whether or not appearance defects occur in the same manner as in Example 1 with respect to Example 4.
  • the spacer arrangement was designed in the same manner as in Example 1, provided that the spacer arrangement was designed so that the degree of irregularity was 70% (the program was set so that the individual spacers were randomly moved in a circle region having a radius (0.7P) of 70% of the normal pitch and the individual spacers were moved).
  • the minimum length of all the sides of the quadrangle as the closed figure was about 89 ⁇ m, and the maximum length was about 616 ⁇ m.
  • the spacer arrangement designed as above was approximately similar to that shown in Figure 13 . That is, as shown in Figure 13 , even in the case of Comparative Example 1, when four spacers were selected so that a quadrangle as a closed figure was formed in the arrangement of the spacers and the length of each side was measured, at least one of the lengths of the sides of the quadrangle was different. In addition, when 12 square regions having a length of 10 times (10P) of the normal pitch (P) as one side were selected so that the regions did not overlap each other, the average number of spacers in each square region was 99.5 and the standard deviation was about 0.9. Furthermore, when the surface of the base layer shown in Figure 13 was divided into four rectangular regions having the same area, the average number of spacers in each rectangular region was 23.1 and the standard deviation was about 1.7.
  • Figure 20 is a result of evaluating whether or not the moire phenomenon occurs in the same manner as in Example 1, using the substrate formed in the above manner, and it can be confirmed that the occurrence of the moire phenomenon is suppressed as in Example 1.
  • Figure 21 is a photograph evaluating whether or not appearance defects occur in the same manner as in Example 1 with respect to Comparative Example 1, and it can be confirmed from the drawing that defects in appearance are largely generated.
  • the spacer arrangement was designed in the same manner as in Example 1, provided that the spacer arrangement was designed so that the degree of irregularity was 70% (the program was set so that the individual spacers were randomly moved in a circle region having a radius (0.7P) of 70% of the normal pitch and the individual spacers were moved).
  • the minimum length of all the sides of the quadrangle as the closed figure was about 119 ⁇ m, and the maximum length was about 786 ⁇ m.
  • the spacer arrangement designed as above was approximately similar to that shown in Figure 13 . That is, as shown in Figure 13 , even in the case of Comparative Example 2, when four spacers were selected so that a quadrangle as a closed figure was formed in the arrangement of the spacers and the length of each side was measured, at least one of the lengths of the sides of the quadrangle was different. In addition, when 12 square regions having a length of 10 times (10P) of the normal pitch (P) as one side were selected so that the regions did not overlap each other, the average number of spacers in each square region was 99.5 and the standard deviation was about 0.9. Furthermore, when the surface of the base layer shown in Figure 27 was divided into four rectangular regions having the same area, the average number of spacers in each rectangular region was 23.1 and the standard deviation was about 1.7.
  • Figure 22 is a result of evaluating whether or not the moire phenomenon occurs in the same manner as in Example 1, using the substrate formed in the above manner, and it can be confirmed that the occurrence of the moire phenomenon is suppressed as in Example 1.
  • Figure 23 is a photograph evaluating whether or not appearance defects occur in the same manner as in Example 1 with respect to Comparative Example 1, and it can be confirmed from the drawing that defects in appearance are largely generated.
  • the spacer arrangement was designed in the same manner as in Example 1, provided that the spacer arrangement was designed so that the degree of irregularity was 70% (the program was set so that the individual spacers were randomly moved in a circle region having a radius (0.7P) of 70% of the normal pitch and the individual spacers were moved).
  • the minimum length of all the sides of the quadrangle as the closed figure was about 134 ⁇ m, and the maximum length was about 872 ⁇ m.
  • the spacer arrangement designed as above was approximately similar to that shown in Figure 13 . That is, as shown in Figure 13 , even in the case of Comparative Example 3, when four spacers were selected so that a quadrangle as a closed figure was formed in the arrangement of the spacers and the length of each side was measured, at least one of the lengths of the sides of the quadrangle differed.
  • Figure 31 when 12 square regions having a length of 10 times (10P) of the normal pitch (P) as one side were selected so that the regions did not overlap each other, the average number of spacers in each square region was 99.5 and the standard deviation was about 0.9. Furthermore, when the surface of the base layer shown in Figure 31 was divided into four rectangular regions having the same area, the average number of spacers in each rectangular region was 23.1 and the standard deviation was about 1.7.
  • Figure 24 is a result of evaluating whether or not the moire phenomenon occurs in the same manner as in Example 1, using the substrate formed in the above manner, and it can be confirmed that the occurrence of the moire phenomenon is suppressed as in Example 1.
  • Figure 25 is a photograph evaluating whether or not appearance defects occur in the same manner as in Example 1 with respect to Comparative Example 1, and it can be confirmed from the drawing that defects in appearance are largely generated.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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EP18838533.0A 2017-07-27 2018-07-27 Substrat Pending EP3660583A4 (de)

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JP2003057660A (ja) * 2001-06-05 2003-02-26 Sharp Corp 液晶表示素子及びそれを用いた液晶表示装置
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