EP3659769A1 - Verfahren und anlage zur ausbildung von keramikplatten - Google Patents

Verfahren und anlage zur ausbildung von keramikplatten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3659769A1
EP3659769A1 EP19208313.7A EP19208313A EP3659769A1 EP 3659769 A1 EP3659769 A1 EP 3659769A1 EP 19208313 A EP19208313 A EP 19208313A EP 3659769 A1 EP3659769 A1 EP 3659769A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conveyor belt
ceramic powder
ceramic
layer
preparatory
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19208313.7A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Domenico MARCHI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GRANITIFIANDRE SpA
Original Assignee
GRANITIFIANDRE SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GRANITIFIANDRE SpA filed Critical GRANITIFIANDRE SpA
Publication of EP3659769A1 publication Critical patent/EP3659769A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/30—Feeding material to presses
    • B30B15/302—Feeding material in particulate or plastic state to moulding presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/005—Devices or processes for obtaining articles having a marble appearance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/001—Applying decorations on shaped articles, e.g. by painting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
    • B28B11/048—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers by spraying or projecting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
    • B28B13/022—Feeding several successive layers, optionally of different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0295—Treating the surface of the fed layer, e.g. removing material or equalization of the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B5/00—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping
    • B28B5/02—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type
    • B28B5/026—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type the shaped articles being of indefinite length
    • B28B5/027—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type the shaped articles being of indefinite length the moulding surfaces being of the indefinite length type, e.g. belts, and being continuously fed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a plant for fabricating ceramic plates.
  • the invention relates to a method and a plant that allow to fabric ceramic plates provided with particular graphic characteristics, for example veins reproducing the veins of marbles or of natural stones.
  • the continuous ceramic press generally comprises a lower slidable belt, on which is provided a soft layer of ceramic powders, typically of atomised ceramic powder, to an upper slidable belt that is superposed to the soft layer.
  • a technique to create graphic effects that also extend inside the thickness of the ceramic plates is the one wherein coloured ceramic powders are used in forming the soft layer, before carrying out the pressing phase.
  • an embodiment of the present invention makes available a method for fabricating ceramic plates, typically ceramic panelling plates (for example for walls and/or floors), comprising at least the steps of:
  • the thickness of the preliminary layer of ceramic powder can be smaller than or equal to 2 mm.
  • the preliminary layer of ceramic powder is very thin, facilitating the diffusion of the ceramic dye for the entire thickness thereof.
  • the ceramic dye can be dispensed only on some portions of the preliminary layer of ceramic powder, while the remaining portions are not coloured and remain of the typically neutral colour of the basic ceramic powder.
  • the ceramic dye it is thus preferable for the ceramic dye to be distributed on the preliminary layer of ceramic powder to create a predetermined graphic pattern.
  • the graphic pattern created on the preliminary layer of ceramic powder can be predetermined by the steps of:
  • the graphic pattern to be effected on the preliminary layer of ceramic powder will be "stretched" relative to the final graphic pattern to be obtained in the increased layer of ceramic powder.
  • any graphic pattern to be effected on the increased layer of ceramic powder or otherwise for a very high number of graphic patters, for example various types of more or less regular veins, it is possible to determine, for example with computerised calculation system (e.g. appropriate software), the corresponding "deformed" graphic patterns to be effected on the preliminary layer of ceramic powder.
  • computerised calculation system e.g. appropriate software
  • the ceramic dye can be distributed only on the preliminary layer of ceramic powder by means of at least one digital printing machine.
  • Machines of this kind have great versatility of use and, with appropriate programming, they allow to effect substantially any graphic pattern.
  • the method can comprise the step of distributing on the preliminary layer of ceramic powder that advances on the preparatory conveyor belt a plurality of ceramic dyes having mutually different colours.
  • ceramic powder it is preferable to distribute on the preliminary layer of ceramic powder at least two or three, more preferably four or five, ceramic dyes of different colours, for examples selected in the group (CMYKW) consisting of: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black and White.
  • CYKW group consisting of: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black and White.
  • the step of forming the preliminary layer of ceramic powder can comprise the steps of:
  • the first preliminary layer of ceramic powder and the second preliminary layer of ceramic powder proceed towards each other and, coming from opposite sides, they are joined at the gap that separates the respective preparatory conveyor belts, obtaining a single flow of ceramic powder that falls on the collecting conveyor belt.
  • the method can also comprise the step of providing a dividing wall able to divide an inlet mouth of the guiding hopper in two access ports, of which an access port able to receive the first preliminary layer of ceramic powder and a second access port able to receive the second preliminary layer of ceramic powder.
  • This plant allows to implement the method described above and thus substantially accomplishes the same effects.
  • the aforementioned figures represent a plant 100 for fabricating ceramic plates, typically ceramic plates of large dimensions.
  • the dispenser device 110 is controlled to dispense the ceramic powder on the starting conveyor belt 105 while the latter is sliding, so as to obtain thereon an initial layer 115 of ceramic powder having a given thickness and that progressively advances towards a terminal edge 120 of the starting conveyor belt 105.
  • the sliding direction of the intermediate conveyor belt 125 is the same as that of the starting conveyor belt 105 but, in other embodiments, it could be opposite.
  • the preparatory conveyor belt 140 can slide at a predetermined speed, which is higher than the speed of the starting conveyor belt 105 and is preferably also higher than the speed of the intermediate conveyor belt 125.
  • the collecting conveyor belt 165 can slide at a predetermined speed, which is lower than the speed of the preparatory conveyor belt 140.
  • This progressive fall of the ceramic powder takes place while the collecting conveyor belt 165 is sliding, so as to obtain thereon an increased layer 170 of ceramic powder that progressively advances in the direction of advance D.
  • the plant 100 can comprise a second starting conveyor belt 200, which is able to slide in a predetermined direction of advance A', preferably horizontal and rectilinear.
  • a dispenser device 205 for example a hopper or any other device suitable for the purpose, which is able to pour a ceramic powder on the second starting conveyor belt 200.
  • the width of the initial layer 210 of ceramic powder i.e. its dimension orthogonally to the direction of advance A' and to its thickness, can be smaller than or equal to the width of the second starting conveyor belt 200 and clearly also depends on the transverse extension of the dispenser device 205.
  • the ratio between the speed of the starting conveyor belt 200 and that of the intermediate conveyor belt 220 can be between 0.15 and 0.25, for example substantially equal to 0.2.
  • the speed of the second intermediate conveyor belt 220 can for example be equal to 25 m/min.
  • the second intermediate conveyor belt 220 is positioned below the second starting conveyor belt 200, so as to receive and collect on itself the ceramic powder of the second initial layer 210 that progressively falls from the terminal edge 215, as the second starting conveyor belt 200 slides in the direction of advance A'.
  • the sliding direction of the second preparatory conveyor belt 235 is the same as that of the second starting conveyor belt 200 but, in other embodiments, it could be opposite.
  • the ratio between the speed of the second starting conveyor belt 200 and that of the second preparatory conveyor belt 235 can be between 0.05 and 0.15, for example substantially equal to 0.1.
  • the speed of the second preparatory conveyor belt 235 can for example be 50 m/min.
  • the second preparatory conveyor belt 235 is positioned below the second starting conveyor belt 220, so as to receive and collect on itself the ceramic powder of the second intermediate layer 225 that progressively falls from the terminal edge 230, as the second intermediate conveyor belt 220 slides in the direction of advance B'.
  • the second preliminary layer 240 of ceramic powder has a lower thickness than that of the second initial layer 210 and of the second intermediate layer 225.
  • a second preliminary layer 240 of ceramic powder having a rather thin thickness, for example smaller than or equal to 2 mm (millimetres) and preferably between 1 mm and 2 mm.
  • the second intermediate conveyor belt 220 could be absent and the second preparatory conveyor belt 235 could receive and collect directly on itself the ceramic powder of the second initial layer 210 that progressively falls from the terminal edge 215 of the second starting conveyor belt 200.
  • the second starting conveyor belt 200 could also be absent and the second preparatory conveyor belt 235 could receive and directly collect the ceramic powder poured by the second dispenser device 205, provided the latter is able to realise a second preliminary layer 240 of thin ceramic powder as outlined above.
  • the second preliminary layer 240 of ceramic powder can have the same thickness and the same width of the first preliminary layer 145.
  • the second preparatory conveyor belt 235 can be arranged coplanar with the first preparatory conveyor belt 140 and aligned therewith, so that the direction of advance C of the first preparatory conveyor belt 140 coincides with the direction of advance C' of the second preparatory conveyor belt 235.
  • the direction of sliding of the second preparatory conveyor belt 235 is opposite to the direction of sliding of the first preparatory conveyor belt 140, so that the terminal edges 150 and 245 of these two conveyor belts are adjacent to each other and separated solely by a narrow gap, from which the first preliminary layer 145 of ceramic powder and the second preliminary layer 240 of ceramic powder, coming from opposite parts, can both fall simultaneously on the underlying collecting conveyor belt 165.
  • first preliminary layer 145 of ceramic powder and the second preliminary layer 240 of ceramic powder can both fall inside the inlet mouth 180 of the guiding hopper 175.
  • said hopper can be provided with a dividing wall 250.
  • This dividing wall 250 which is preferably planar, vertical and orthogonal to the direction of advance C and C', is able to divide the inlet mouth 180 of the guiding hopper 175 in two access ports, of which an access port able to receive the first preliminary layer 145 of ceramic powder and a second access port able to receive the second preliminary layer 240 of ceramic powder.
  • the position of said dividing wall 250 can be regulated in vertical direction, for example to adapt it to different speeds of the first and/or of the second preparatory conveyor belt 140 and 235.
  • both the first 145 and the second preliminary layer 240 of ceramic powder contribute to the formation of the increased layer 170 of ceramic powder on the collecting conveyor belt 165.
  • the plant 100 comprises a second printing apparatus 255, which is able to distribute at least one ceramic dye on the second preliminary layer 240 of ceramic powder.
  • the quantity of ceramic dye that is dispensed per unit of surface area on the second preliminary layer 240 of ceramic powder is preferably selected so as to colour the grains of ceramic powder throughout the thickness of the preliminary layer 240.
  • the second printing apparatus 255 as well as the type of ceramic dye used, can have the same characteristics as those described above with reference to the first printing apparatus 155.
  • the second printing apparatus 255 too can comprise one or more digital printing machines 260 arranged in succession along the direction of advance C' of the second preparatory conveyor belt 235, so as to be all individually able to dispense a respective ceramic dye (preferably of different colours) on the second preliminary layer 240 of ceramic powder, as the second preliminary layer advances on the second preparatory conveyor belt 235.
  • a respective ceramic dye preferably of different colours
  • the second printing apparatus 255 can be connected to an electronic control unit (not shown), which can be configured to control the digital printing machine(s) 260, so as to dispense the ceramic dye selectively, for example to effect with the ceramic dye a predetermined monochromatic or polychromatic graphic pattern.
  • the graphic pattern effected on the second preliminary layer 240 of ceramic powder is specular to the graphic pattern effected on the first preliminary layer 145 of ceramic powder, with respect to a hypothetical vertical plane, orthogonal to the directions of advance C and C' and passing through the centre of the gap that separates the first preparatory conveyor belt 140 from the second one 235.
  • the graphic patterns effected on the first preliminary layer 145 and on the second preliminary layer 240 match are set side by side in a substantially perfect manner, allowing to effect on the increased layer 170 of ceramic powder exactly the same graphic pattern that would be obtained only with the first preliminary layer 145 but with a higher thickness.
  • the plant can comprise one or more levelling devices 265, for example of the aspirating type, which are able to level the surface of the increased layer 170 of ceramic powder, making its thickness uniform.
  • the increased layer 170 of ceramic powder is then transferred to a ceramic press 300 (see fig. 1 ), which is able to press the increased layer 170 so as to obtain a continuous plate 305 of compacted ceramic powder.
  • the ceramic press 300 can be a continuous press able to press the increased layer 170 directly on the collecting conveyor belt 165, during its advance.
  • the ceramic press 300 can comprise a sliding compactor belt 310, which is superposed to the increase layer 170 of ceramic powder and advances in the same direction and at the same speed as the collecting conveyor belt 165.
  • the collecting conveyor belt 165 and the compactor belt 310 are made to pass through two compactor rollers 315, or through two sets of compactor rollers, which push the compactor belt 310 towards the collecting conveyor belt 165 and thus allow it to press the increased layer 170 of ceramic powder, obtaining at the output the continuous plate 305 of pressed ceramic powder.
  • the pressure with which the increased layer 170 is pressed can vary depending on the materials used, from a minimum of 150 kg/cm 2 (kilograms per square centimetre) to a maximum of 600 kg/cm 2 .
  • the pressure exercised by the ceramic press 300 on the increased layer 170 of ceramic powder can be between 300 kg/cm 2 and 450 kg/cm 2 , more preferably between 350 kg//cm 2 and 450 kg//cm 2 (including the extremes).
  • the plant 100 can further comprise a cutting device 400 able to divide the continuous plate 305 of ceramic powder pressed in individual plates of defined dimensions.
  • the ceramic press 300 could, however, be a discontinuous press, for example of the type commercially known as GEA System or Supera Siti B&T.
  • a plurality of individual increased layers 170 having predetermined length and separated from each other by a certain distance, can be provided, with the same procedures described above.
  • the collecting conveyor belt 165 can then advance by discrete steps, making each advancing step be followed by an arrest step, during which each increased layer 170 of ceramic powder is stopped at the ceramic press 300.
  • the ceramic powder 300 can comprise pressing means that, while the increased layer 170 of ceramic powder is stopped, are able to press it directly on the collecting belt 165.
  • These pressing means can comprise for example an abutment plate, positioned above the increased layer 170 of ceramic powder, and appropriate hydraulic systems, which are able to lift the portion of the collecting conveyor belt 165 on which the increased layer 170 is located, pressing the latter against the abutment plate.
  • the conveyor belt 165 is lowered again and made to advance to move away the compacted ceramic powder plate and bring a new increased layer 170 of ceramic powder at the ceramic press 200.
  • the plates of pressed ceramic powder can then be sent to additional operating stations (not shown) where they are subjected to additional steps of the production process, for example a drying step, a possible decoration and/or enamelling and lastly to a firing step inside a ceramic kiln.
  • All process steps can also be managed automatically by an electronic processor configured to control all the various components of the plant 100 according to the procedures described above.
  • each of the conveyor belts mentioned above should be understood as the operating segment of said conveyor belts.
  • Each conveyor belt is generally wound around a plurality of idler rollers or wheels with horizontal axis (at least one of which is motorised), which engage it to slide in a closed path that generally comprises an operating segment, in which the conveyor belt is oriented upwards to be able to support the ceramic powder, and a return segment, in which the conveyor belt is oriented downwards.
  • every conveyor belt was identified with its operating segment and, consequently, the direction of advance and the speed that have been indicated refer to the sliding direction and to the speed of the conveyor belt in said operating segment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
EP19208313.7A 2018-11-27 2019-11-11 Verfahren und anlage zur ausbildung von keramikplatten Withdrawn EP3659769A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102018000010612A IT201800010612A1 (it) 2018-11-27 2018-11-27 Metodo ed impianto per la formatura di lastre ceramiche

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3659769A1 true EP3659769A1 (de) 2020-06-03

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EP19208313.7A Withdrawn EP3659769A1 (de) 2018-11-27 2019-11-11 Verfahren und anlage zur ausbildung von keramikplatten

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EP (1) EP3659769A1 (de)
IT (1) IT201800010612A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113427612A (zh) * 2021-07-15 2021-09-24 湖南醴陵红官窑瓷业有限公司 一种陶瓷釉下彩预加工设备
CN115697659A (zh) * 2020-06-09 2023-02-03 系统陶瓷股份公司 用于实现瓷板的方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996015888A1 (en) * 1994-11-22 1996-05-30 Carlo Antonio Camorani A method for compacting powders, and a relative apparatus
WO1998023424A2 (en) * 1996-11-22 1998-06-04 Carlo Antonio Camorani Manufacturing of powdered material
US5814255A (en) * 1994-05-09 1998-09-29 Durapact Gesellschaft Fur Glasfaserbetontechnologie Mbh Process and device for the continuous production of fiber-reinforced molded bodies from hydraulically setting materials
EP1334811A2 (de) * 2002-02-07 2003-08-13 System S.p.A. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Dekorieren von keramischen Fliesen oder Platten

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5814255A (en) * 1994-05-09 1998-09-29 Durapact Gesellschaft Fur Glasfaserbetontechnologie Mbh Process and device for the continuous production of fiber-reinforced molded bodies from hydraulically setting materials
WO1996015888A1 (en) * 1994-11-22 1996-05-30 Carlo Antonio Camorani A method for compacting powders, and a relative apparatus
WO1998023424A2 (en) * 1996-11-22 1998-06-04 Carlo Antonio Camorani Manufacturing of powdered material
EP1334811A2 (de) * 2002-02-07 2003-08-13 System S.p.A. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Dekorieren von keramischen Fliesen oder Platten

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115697659A (zh) * 2020-06-09 2023-02-03 系统陶瓷股份公司 用于实现瓷板的方法
CN113427612A (zh) * 2021-07-15 2021-09-24 湖南醴陵红官窑瓷业有限公司 一种陶瓷釉下彩预加工设备
CN113427612B (zh) * 2021-07-15 2022-04-26 湖南醴陵红官窑瓷业有限公司 一种陶瓷釉下彩预加工设备

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