EP3658695A1 - High-temperature nickel-base alloy - Google Patents

High-temperature nickel-base alloy

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Publication number
EP3658695A1
EP3658695A1 EP18752680.1A EP18752680A EP3658695A1 EP 3658695 A1 EP3658695 A1 EP 3658695A1 EP 18752680 A EP18752680 A EP 18752680A EP 3658695 A1 EP3658695 A1 EP 3658695A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
max
nickel
based alloy
alloy according
usable
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP18752680.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3658695B1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Kiese
Nicole De Boer
Heike Hattendorf
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VDM Metals International GmbH
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VDM Metals International GmbH
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Publication of EP3658695A1 publication Critical patent/EP3658695A1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-temperature nickel-based alloy.
  • the material C263 (Nicrofer 5120 CoTi) is used, among other things, as a material for heat shields in turbochargers or car engines.
  • the heat shield separates the compressors from the turbine side inside the turbocharger and is directly supplied by the hot exhaust gas. Since the exhaust gas temperatures, especially in gasoline engines, are getting higher, it can lead to failure of the components, for example in the form of deformations, resulting in a considerable performance drop of the turbocharger.
  • the exhaust gas temperatures can be up to 1 .050 ° C, with the temperatures arriving at the heat shield at about 900 to 950 ° C. At these temperatures, the C263 material is no longer creep resistant.
  • the general composition of the material C263 is reproduced as follows (in% by weight): Cr 19.0 - 21, 0%, Fe max. 0.7%, C 0.04-0.08%, Mn max. 0.6%, Si max. 0.4%, Cu max. 0.2%, Mo 5.6-6.1%, Co 19.0-21, 0%, Al 0.3-0.6%, Ti 1, 9-2.4%, P max. 0.015%, S max. 0.007%, B max. 0.005%.
  • DE 100 52 023 C1 discloses an austenitic nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum-tungsten alloy comprising (in mass%) C 0.05-0.10%, Cr 21-23%, Co 10 -15 %, Mo 10 - 1 1%, Al 1, 0 - 1, 5%, W 5.1 - 8.0%, Y 0.01 - 0.1%, B 0.001 - 0.01%, Ti max. 0.5%, Si max. 0.5%, Fe max. 2%, Mn max. 0.5%, Ni remainder including unavoidable melting impurities.
  • the material can be used for compressors and turbochargers of internal combustion engines, components of steam turbines, components of gas and steam turbine power plants.
  • EP 1 466 027 B1 discloses a high temperature resistant and corrosion resistant Ni-Co-Cr alloy including (in wt%): Cr 23.5-25.5%, Co 15.0-22.0%, Al 0 , 2 - 2.0%, Ti 0.5 - 2.5%, Nb 0.5 - 2.5%, up to 2.0% Mo, up to 1.0% Mn, Si 0.3 - 1 , 0%, to 3.0% Fe, up to 0.3% Ta, to 0.3% W, C 0.005-0.08%, Zr 0.01-0.3%, B 0.001-0.01%, up to 0.05% rare earths as mischmetal, Mg + Ca 0.005-0.025%, optional up to 0.05% Y, balance Ni and impurities.
  • the material can be used in the temperature range between 530 and 820 ° C as an exhaust valve for diesel engines as well as pipes for steam boilers.
  • No. 6,258,317 B1 describes an alloy which can be used for components of gas turbines for temperatures up to 750 ° C., comprising (in% by weight): Co 10-24%, Cr 23.5-30%, Mo 2.4-6 %, Fe 0 - 9%, Al 0.2 - 3.2%, Ti 0.2 - 2.8%, Nb 0.1 - 2.5%, Mn 0 - 2%, to 0.1% Si , Zr 0.01 - 0.3%, B 0.001 - 0.01%, C 0.005 - 0.3%, W 0 - 0.8%, Ta 0 - 1%, balance Ni and unavoidable impurities.
  • the invention has for its object to change a material based on C263 in terms of its composition so that the stability of the strength-increasing phase is shifted towards higher temperatures. At the same time, care must be taken that the stability limits of other phases (e.g., Eta phase) are shifted to lower temperatures. Furthermore, attempts should be made to activate additional hardening mechanisms.
  • the nickel-based alloy according to the invention should preferably be usable for components which are exposed to component temperatures above 700 ° C., preferably> 900 ° C., in particular> 950 ° C.
  • the goal of shifting the gamma prime phase to higher temperatures is achieved, while at the same time the stability of other phases, lower than gamma prime, and towards lower temperatures can also be realized.
  • the alloy of the present invention has high hot and creep rupture strength while also having high temperature corrosion resistance (e.g., exhaust gases).
  • the alloy according to the invention is fatigue-resistant at high temperatures, in particular above 900 ° C.
  • Powders for additive manufacturing e.g., 3D printing
  • classical powders e.g., sintering
  • the ratio Ti / Al should, according to another idea of the invention, max. 3.5, in particular max. 2,0, amount.
  • the high-temperature nickel-based alloy according to the invention is preferably usable for large-scale production (> 1 t).
  • the advantages of the alloy according to the invention are explained in greater detail on the basis of examples:
  • Table 1 compares the state of the art (Nicrofer 5120 CoTi - produced on a large scale) to a similar reference batch (laboratory) and to several alloy compositions according to the invention.
  • Table 2 compares the state of the art (Nicrofer 5120 CoTi - produced on an industrial scale) with several industrially produced batches.
  • Nicrofer 5120 Charge Charge Charge Charge Charge Charge CoTi 335449 334549 334547 334547
  • the solution annealing was carried out at 1 .150 ° C for 30 min. Followed by water quenching.
  • Precipitation hardening was carried out at temperatures of 800, 850, 900 or 950 ° C for 4/8/16 h with subsequent water quenching.
  • Variants 250575 to 250577 showed a very high level of hardness compared with the state of the art, respectively variants 250573 and 250574. This means that the strength-enhancing phase (here Gamma- Prime) is still stable.
  • the material is produced in a medium-frequency induction furnace, then poured as a continuous casting in slab form. Subsequently, the slabs are remelted in the electroslag remelting furnace to further slabs (respectively rods). Thereafter, the respective slab is hot rolled, for the production of strip material to thicknesses of about 6 mm. This is followed by a cold rolling process of the strip material to final thickness of about 0.4 mm.
  • thermoformed or stamped products there is now a starting material for thermoformed or stamped products. If necessary, depending on the product, a thermal process can be carried out.
  • VIM - VAR The product form after the VAR may be a slab or a rod.
  • the forming can be done by rolling or forging.
  • Figure 1 shows the creep strain of various materials as a function of time at a typical application temperature of 900 ° C and a load of 60 Mpa. Shown are the materials C-263 standard (Nicrofer 5120 CoTi), C-264 variant 76 (batch 250576) and C-264 variant 77 (batch 250577).
  • the two other variants both show service lives of approx. 400 h and approx. 550 h, respectively.
  • the variants 76 and 77 show improved service lives, which lead to a higher creep resistance in the operating state and thus to significantly lower component deformation.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-temperature nickel-base alloy consisting of (in wt.%): C: 0.04-0.1 %, S: max. 0.01 %, N: max. 0.05 %, Cr: 24 - 28 %, Mn: max. 0.3 %, Si: max. 0.3 %, Mo: 1 - 6 %, Ti: 0.5 - 3 %, Nb: 0.001 - 0.1 %, Cu: max. 0.2 %, Fe: 0.1 - 0.7 %, P: max. 0.015 %, AI: 0.5 - 2 %, Mg: max. 0.01 %, Ca: max. 0.01 %, V: 0.01 - 0.5 %, Zr: max. 0.1 %, W: 0.2 - 2 %, Co: 17 - 21 %, B: max. 0.01 %, O: max. 0.01 %, with the rest being Ni, as well as melting-related impurities.

Description

Hochtemperatur-Nickelbasislegierung  High-temperature nickel-based alloy
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Hochtemperatur-Nickelbasislegierung. The invention relates to a high-temperature nickel-based alloy.
Der Werkstoff C263 (Nicrofer 5120 CoTi) kommt unter anderem als Werkstoff für Hitzeschilde in Turboladern oder Automotoren zur Anwendung. Der Hitzeschild trennt innerhalb des Turboladers die Verdichte- von der Turbinenseite und wird direkt vom heißen Abgas angeströmt. Da die Abgastemperaturen, insbesondere in den Otto-Motoren, immer höher werden, kann es zum Versagen der Bauteile, beispielsweise in Form von Deformationen kommen, was zu einem beträchtlichen Leistungsabfall des Turboladers führt. The material C263 (Nicrofer 5120 CoTi) is used, among other things, as a material for heat shields in turbochargers or car engines. The heat shield separates the compressors from the turbine side inside the turbocharger and is directly supplied by the hot exhaust gas. Since the exhaust gas temperatures, especially in gasoline engines, are getting higher, it can lead to failure of the components, for example in the form of deformations, resulting in a considerable performance drop of the turbocharger.
Die Abgastemperaturen können bis zu 1 .050°C betragen, wobei die am Hitzeschild ankommenden Temperaturen bei etwa 900 bis 950°C liegen. Bei diesen Temperaturen ist der C263-Werkstoff nicht mehr kriechfest. Die allgemeine Zusammensetzung des Werkstoffs C263 wird wie folgt (in Gew.-%) widergegeben: Cr 19,0 - 21 ,0 %, Fe max. 0,7 %, C 0,04 - 0,08 %, Mn max. 0,6 %, Si max. 0,4 %, Cu max. 0,2 %, Mo 5,6 - 6,1 %, Co 19,0 - 21 ,0 %, AI 0,3 - 0,6 %, Ti 1 ,9 - 2,4 %, P max. 0,015 %, S max. 0,007 %, B max. 0,005 %. The exhaust gas temperatures can be up to 1 .050 ° C, with the temperatures arriving at the heat shield at about 900 to 950 ° C. At these temperatures, the C263 material is no longer creep resistant. The general composition of the material C263 is reproduced as follows (in% by weight): Cr 19.0 - 21, 0%, Fe max. 0.7%, C 0.04-0.08%, Mn max. 0.6%, Si max. 0.4%, Cu max. 0.2%, Mo 5.6-6.1%, Co 19.0-21, 0%, Al 0.3-0.6%, Ti 1, 9-2.4%, P max. 0.015%, S max. 0.007%, B max. 0.005%.
Der DE 100 52 023 C1 ist eine austenitische Nickel-Chrom-Kobalt-Molybdän- Wolfram-Legierung zu entnehmen, beinhaltend (in Masse-%) C 0,05 - 0,10 %, Cr 21 - 23 %, Co 10 - 15 %, Mo 10 - 1 1 %, AI 1 ,0 - 1 ,5 %, W 5,1 - 8,0 %, Y 0,01 - 0,1 %, B 0,001 - 0,01 %, Ti max. 0,5 %, Si max. 0,5 %, Fe max. 2 %, Mn max. 0,5 %, Ni Rest einschließlich unvermeidbarer erschmelzungsbedingter Verunreinigungen. Der Werkstoff kann eingesetzt werden für Verdichter und Turbolader von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, Bauteilen von Dampfturbinen, Bauteilen von Gas- und Dampfturbinenkraftwerken. DE 100 52 023 C1 discloses an austenitic nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum-tungsten alloy comprising (in mass%) C 0.05-0.10%, Cr 21-23%, Co 10 -15 %, Mo 10 - 1 1%, Al 1, 0 - 1, 5%, W 5.1 - 8.0%, Y 0.01 - 0.1%, B 0.001 - 0.01%, Ti max. 0.5%, Si max. 0.5%, Fe max. 2%, Mn max. 0.5%, Ni remainder including unavoidable melting impurities. The material can be used for compressors and turbochargers of internal combustion engines, components of steam turbines, components of gas and steam turbine power plants.
Die EP 1 466 027 B1 offenbart eine hochtemperaturfeste und korrosionsbeständige Ni-Co-Cr-Legierung, beinhaltend (in Gew.-%): Cr 23,5 - 25,5 %, Co 15,0 - 22,0 %, AI 0,2 - 2,0 %, Ti 0,5 - 2,5 %, Nb 0,5 - 2,5 %, bis zu 2,0 % Mo, bis zu 1 ,0 % Mn, Si 0,3 - 1 ,0 %, bis 3,0 % Fe, bis zu 0,3 % Ta, bis 0,3 % W, C 0,005 - 0,08 %, Zr 0,01 - 0,3 %, B 0,001 bis 0,01 %, bis zu 0,05 % Seltene Erden als Mischmetall, Mg + Ca 0,005 - 0,025 %, optional bis 0,05 % Y, Rest Ni und Verunreinigungen. Der Werkstoff ist im Temperaturbereich zwischen 530 und 820°C einsetzbar als Auspuffventil für Dieselmotoren sowie Rohre für Dampfkessel. EP 1 466 027 B1 discloses a high temperature resistant and corrosion resistant Ni-Co-Cr alloy including (in wt%): Cr 23.5-25.5%, Co 15.0-22.0%, Al 0 , 2 - 2.0%, Ti 0.5 - 2.5%, Nb 0.5 - 2.5%, up to 2.0% Mo, up to 1.0% Mn, Si 0.3 - 1 , 0%, to 3.0% Fe, up to 0.3% Ta, to 0.3% W, C 0.005-0.08%, Zr 0.01-0.3%, B 0.001-0.01%, up to 0.05% rare earths as mischmetal, Mg + Ca 0.005-0.025%, optional up to 0.05% Y, balance Ni and impurities. The material can be used in the temperature range between 530 and 820 ° C as an exhaust valve for diesel engines as well as pipes for steam boilers.
In der US 6,258,317 B1 wird eine für Bauteile von Gasturbinen für Temperaturen bis 750°C einsetzbare Legierung beschrieben, beinhaltend (in Gew.-%): Co 10 - 24 %, Cr 23,5 - 30 %, Mo 2,4 - 6 %, Fe 0 - 9 %, AI 0,2 - 3,2 %, Ti 0,2 - 2,8 %, Nb 0,1 - 2,5 %, Mn 0 - 2 %, bis 0,1 % Si, Zr 0,01 - 0,3 %, B 0,001 - 0,01 %, C 0,005 - 0,3 %, W 0 - 0,8 %, Ta 0 - 1 %, Rest Ni und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen. No. 6,258,317 B1 describes an alloy which can be used for components of gas turbines for temperatures up to 750 ° C., comprising (in% by weight): Co 10-24%, Cr 23.5-30%, Mo 2.4-6 %, Fe 0 - 9%, Al 0.2 - 3.2%, Ti 0.2 - 2.8%, Nb 0.1 - 2.5%, Mn 0 - 2%, to 0.1% Si , Zr 0.01 - 0.3%, B 0.001 - 0.01%, C 0.005 - 0.3%, W 0 - 0.8%, Ta 0 - 1%, balance Ni and unavoidable impurities.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Werkstoff auf Basis von C263 hinsichtlich seiner Zusammensetzung so zu verändern, dass die Stabilität der festigkeitssteigernden Phase zu höheren Temperaturen hin verschoben wird. Gleichzeitig ist darauf zu achten, dass die Stabilitätsgrenzen anderer Phasen (z.B. Eta-Phase) zu geringeren Temperaturen verschoben wird. Des Weiteren soll versucht werden, zusätzliche Härtungsmechanismen zu aktivieren. The invention has for its object to change a material based on C263 in terms of its composition so that the stability of the strength-increasing phase is shifted towards higher temperatures. At the same time, care must be taken that the stability limits of other phases (e.g., Eta phase) are shifted to lower temperatures. Furthermore, attempts should be made to activate additional hardening mechanisms.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Hochtemperatur-Nickelbasislegierung bestehend aus (in Gew.-%): This object is achieved by a high-temperature nickel-based alloy consisting of (in% by weight):
C 0,04 - 0,1 %  C 0.04 - 0.1%
S max. 0,01 %  S max. 0.01%
N max. 0,05 %  N max. 0.05%
Cr 24 - 28 %  Cr 24 - 28%
Mn max. 0,3 %  Mn max. 0.3%
Si max. 0,3 %  Si max. 0.3%
Mo 1 - 6 %  Mo 1 - 6%
Ti 0,5 - 3 %  Ti 0.5 - 3%
Nb 0,001 - 0,1 %  Nb 0.001 - 0.1%
Cu max. 0,2 %  Cu max. 0.2%
Fe 0,1 - 0,7 % P max. 0,015 % Fe 0.1 - 0.7% P max. 0.015%
AI 0,5 - 2 %  AI 0.5 - 2%
Mg max. 0,01 %  Mg max. 0.01%
Ca max. 0,01 %  Ca max. 0.01%
V 0,01 - 0,5 %  V 0.01 - 0.5%
Zr max. 0,1 %  Zr max. 0.1%
W 0,2 - 2 %  W 0.2 - 2%
Co 17 - 21 %  Co 17 - 21%
B max. 0,01 %  B max. 0.01%
O max. 0,01 %  O max. 0.01%
Ni Rest sowie erschmelzungsbedingte Verunreinigungen.  Ni remainder as well as smelting-related impurities.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen. Advantageous developments of the alloy according to the invention can be found in the subclaims.
Die erfindungsgemäße Nickelbasislegierung soll bevorzugt einsetzbar sein für Bauteile, die Bauteiltemperaturen oberhalb von 700°C, vorzugsweise > 900°C, insbesondere > 950°C, ausgesetzt sind. Das Ziel, nämlich die Gamma-Prime- Phase hin zu höheren Temperaturen zu verschieben, wird erreicht, wobei gleichzeitig die Stabilität anderer Phasen, geringer als Gamma-Prime, und hin zu niedrigen Temperaturen ebenfalls realisiert werden kann. The nickel-based alloy according to the invention should preferably be usable for components which are exposed to component temperatures above 700 ° C., preferably> 900 ° C., in particular> 950 ° C. The goal of shifting the gamma prime phase to higher temperatures is achieved, while at the same time the stability of other phases, lower than gamma prime, and towards lower temperatures can also be realized.
Im Folgenden werden wesentliche Anwendungsfälle der Legierung angesprochen: In the following, essential applications of the alloy are addressed:
Automotive Automotive
Abgasanlagen  exhaust systems
Turbolader  turbocharger
Sonden  probes
Ventile  valves
Rohre  Tube
Hochtemperatur-Filter oder Teile davon  High temperature filter or parts thereof
Dichtungen Federelemente seals spring elements
Fliegende oder stationäre Turbinen Flying or stationary turbines
Schaufeln  shovel
Leitflächen  baffles
Sonden  probes
Rohre  Tube
Cones  cones
Gehäuse  casing
Kraftwerke power plants
Rohre  Tube
Sonden  probes
Ventile  valves
Schmiedeteile  forgings
Turbinen  turbines
Turbinengehäuse  turbine housing
Die genannten Bauteile werden samt und sonders in heißen und hochbelasteten Atmosphären eingesetzt, wobei dauerhafte Bauteiltemperaturen, zum Teil oberhalb von 900°C, gegeben sind. Darüber hinaus sind sauerstoffhaltige Atmosphären, beispielsweise aus Pkw- oder Lkw-Motoren, Triebwerken oder Gasturbinen, gegeben. The components mentioned are used all together in hot and highly loaded atmospheres, with permanent component temperatures, in some cases above 900 ° C, are given. In addition, oxygen-containing atmospheres, for example, from car or truck engines, engines or gas turbines, given.
Die erfindungsgemäße Legierung hat eine hohe Warm- und Zeitstandsfestigkeit, wobei gleichzeitig auch eine hohe Temperaturkorrosionsbeständigkeit (z.B. bei Abgasen) gegeben ist. The alloy of the present invention has high hot and creep rupture strength while also having high temperature corrosion resistance (e.g., exhaust gases).
Die erfindungsgemäße Legierung ist darüber hinaus ermüdungsfest bei hohen Temperaturen, insbesondere oberhalb von 900°C. In addition, the alloy according to the invention is fatigue-resistant at high temperatures, in particular above 900 ° C.
Mögliche Produktformen sind: Possible product forms are:
Band Blech tape sheet
Draht  wire
Stange  pole
Schmiedeteile  forgings
Pulver für additive Fertigung (z.B. 3D-Druck) und klassische Pulver (z.B. Sintern)  Powders for additive manufacturing (e.g., 3D printing) and classical powders (e.g., sintering)
Rohre (geschweißt oder nahtlos)  Pipes (welded or seamless)
Folgende Elemente können zur Optimierung der gewünschten Parameter, wie nachstehend angegeben, variiert werden (in Gew.-%): The following elements can be varied (in wt%) to optimize the desired parameters as indicated below:
Cr 24 - 26 % Cr 24 - 26%
Mo 2 - 6 %, insbesondere 4 - 6 %  Mo 2 - 6%, especially 4 - 6%
Mo 1 ,5 - 2,5 % Mo 1, 5 - 2.5%
Ti 0,5 - 2,5 %, insbesondere 1 ,5 - 2,5 %  Ti 0.5-2.5%, especially 1.5- 2.5%
AI 0,5 - 1 ,5 % AI 0.5 - 1, 5%
V 0,01 - 0,2 % V 0.01 - 0.2%
W 0,2 - 1 ,5 %, insbesondere 0,5 - 1 ,5 %  W 0.2-1.5%, in particular 0.5-1.5%
Co 18,5 - 21 % Co 18.5 - 21%
Von Vorteil ist, wenn die Summe Ti + AI (in Gew.-%) min. 1 % beträgt. In bestimmten Einsatzfällen kann es zweckmäßig sein, wenn die Summe Ti + AI (in Gew.-%) min. 1 ,5 %, insbesondere min. 2 %, beträgt. It is advantageous if the sum Ti + Al (in wt .-%) min. 1%. In certain applications, it may be useful if the sum of Ti + Al (in wt .-%) min. 1, 5%, in particular min. 2%.
Das Verhältnis Ti/Al soll, einem weiteren Gedanken der Erfindung gemäß, max. 3,5, insbesondere max. 2,0, betragen. The ratio Ti / Al should, according to another idea of the invention, max. 3.5, in particular max. 2,0, amount.
Durch Reduzierung des Ti/Al-Verhältnisses kann sich kein oder nur wenig Eta- Ni3Ti bilden. By reducing the Ti / Al ratio, little or no Eta-Ni 3 Ti can form.
Die erfindungsgemäße Hochtemperatur-Nickelbasislegierung ist bevorzugt für die großtechnische Erzeugung (> 1 t) einsetzbar. Anhand von Beispielen werden die Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung näher erläutert: The high-temperature nickel-based alloy according to the invention is preferably usable for large-scale production (> 1 t). The advantages of the alloy according to the invention are explained in greater detail on the basis of examples:
In Tabelle 1 ist der Stand der Technik (Nicrofer 5120 CoTi - großtechnisch erzeugt) einer gleichartigen Referenzcharge (Labor) sowie mehreren erfindungsgemäßen Legierungszusammensetzungen gegenübergestellt. Table 1 compares the state of the art (Nicrofer 5120 CoTi - produced on a large scale) to a similar reference batch (laboratory) and to several alloy compositions according to the invention.
In Tabelle 2 ist der Stand der Technik (Nicrofer 5120 CoTi - großtechnisch erzeugt) mehreren großtechnisch erzeugten Chargen gegenübergestellt. Table 2 compares the state of the art (Nicrofer 5120 CoTi - produced on an industrial scale) with several industrially produced batches.
Tabelle 1 Table 1
250573 250574250573 250574
Nicrofer 5120 Nicrofer 5120
CoTi New Design New Design CoTi New Design New Design
Charge 413297 wor <0 workl großtechn. Batch 413297 wor <0 workl großtechn.
erzeugt Soll Ist Soll Ist generates setpoint actual setpoint actual
C 0,049 0,055 0,051 0,055 0,061 s 0,002 0,002 0,0027 0,002 0,0027C 0.049 0.055 0.051 0.055 0.061 s 0.002 0.002 0.0027 0.002 0.0027
N 0,004 0,004 0,005 0,004 0,006N 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.006
Cr 19,99 25,00 24,46 25,00 25,00Cr 19,99 25,00 24,46 25,00 25,00
Ni Ni
Rest 51 ,3313 Rest 46,6903 Rest 51 ,5683 Residue 51, 3313 residue 46.6903 residue 51, 5683
Mn 0,07 0,07 0,01 0,07 0,01Mn 0.07 0.07 0.01 0.07 0.01
Si 0,04 0,04 0,02 0,04 0,05Si 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.05
Mo 5,85 5,85 5,79 3,00 2,73Mo 5,85 5,85 5,79 3,00 2,73
Ti 2,09 1 ,60 1 ,56 1 ,20 1 ,16Ti 2.09 1, 60 1, 56 1, 20 1, 16
Nb 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,02Nb 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02
Cu 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01Cu 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Fe 0,23 0,23 0,25 0,23 0,23Fe 0.23 0.23 0.25 0.23 0.23
P 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002P 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002
AI 0,46 0,53 0,51 0,70 0,65AI 0.46 0.53 0.51 0.70 0.65
Mg 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,002Mg 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002
Pb 0,0002 Pb 0.0002
Sn 0,001  Sn 0.001
Ca 0,01  Ca 0.01
V 0,01 0,05 0,01 0,05 0,05 V 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.05
Zr 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01Zr 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
W 0,01 0,50 0,47 0,50 0,50W 0.01 0.50 0.47 0.50 0.50
Co 19,81 20,00 20,13 18,00 17,93Co 19,81 20,00 20,13 18,00 17,93
B 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003B 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003
As 0,001 As 0.001
SE 0,0003  SE 0.0003
Te 0,0001  Te 0.0001
Bi o,  Bi o,
Ag 0,0001  Ag 0.0001
0 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,005 0 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
Ti + AI 2,55 2,13 2,07 1 ,90 1 ,81Ti + Al 2.55 2.13 2.07 1, 90 1, 81
Ti/Al 4,5435 3,0189 3,0588 1 ,7143 1 ,7846 Tabelle 1 (Fortsetzung) Ti / Al 4.5435 3.0189 3.0588 1, 7143 1, 7846 Table 1 (continued)
250575 250576 250577250575 250576 250577
Nicrofer 5120 Nicrofer 5120
CoTi New Design New Design New Design CoTi New Design New Design New Design
Charge 413297 work2 work3 work4 großtechn. Batch 413297 work2 work3 work4 large techn.
erzeugt Soll Ist Soll Ist Soll Ist generates setpoint actual setpoint actual setpoint actual
C 0,049 0,055 0,058 0,055 0,056 0,055 0,056 s 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,003C 0.049 0.055 0.058 0.055 0.056 0.055 0.056 s 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003
N 0,004 0,004 0,005 0,004 0,006 0,004 0,004N 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.006 0.004 0.004
Cr 19,99 25,00 24,57 25,00 24,52 25,00 24,83Cr 19,99 25,00 24,57 25,00 24,52 25,00 24,83
Ni Ni
Rest 51 ,3313 Rest 51 ,796 Rest 51 ,885 Rest 46,298 Mn 0,07 0,07 0,01 0,07 0,01 0,07 0,01 Residue 51, 3313 residue 51, 796 residue 51, 885 residue 46.298 Mn 0.07 0.07 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.07 0.01
Si 0,04 0,04 0,02 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,03Si 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03
Mo 5,85 2,008 1 ,96 2,00 1 ,92 5,85 5,58Mo 5,85 2,008 1, 96 2,00 1, 92 5,85 5,58
Ti 2,09 1 ,68 1 ,62 1 ,78 1 ,77 1 ,60 1 ,69Ti 2.09 1, 68 1, 62 1, 78 1, 77 1, 60 1, 69
Nb 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,02 Cu 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 Fe 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,24 0,23 0,23 P 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002Nb 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 Cu 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Fe 0.23 0 23 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.23 0.23 P 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002
AI 0,46 0,95 0,96 1 ,00 0,98 0,95 1 ,04AI 0,46 0,95 0,96 1, 00 0,98 0,95 1, 04
Mg 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 Pb 0,0002 Mg 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 Pb 0.0002
Sn 0,001  Sn 0.001
Ca 0,01  Ca 0.01
V 0,01 0,05 0,08 0,05 0,08 0,05 0,04 V 0.01 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.04
Zr 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01Zr 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
W 0,01 1 ,00 0,92 1 ,00 0,94 0,50 0,54W 0.01 1, 00 0.92 1, 00 0.94 0.50 0.54
Co 19,81 18,00 17,73 18,00 17,51 20,00 19,60Co 19,81 18,00 17,73 18,00 17,51 20,00 19,60
B 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,002 As 0,001 B 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 As 0.001
SE 0,0003  SE 0.0003
Te 0,0001  Te 0.0001
Bi o,  Bi o,
Ag 0,0001  Ag 0.0001
0 0,005 0,005 0,003 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,004 0 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004
Ti + AI 2,55 2,63 2,58 2,78 2,75 2,55 2,73Ti + Al 2.55 2.63 2.58 2.78 2.75 2.55 2.73
Ti/Al 4,5435 1 ,7684 1 ,6875 1 ,78 1 ,8061 1 ,6842 1 ,625 Tabelle 2 Ti / Al 4,5435 1, 7684 1, 6875 1, 78 1, 8061 1, 6842 1, 625 Table 2
Analyse Warmband Analysis of hot strip
Nicrofer 5120 Charge Charge Charge Charge CoTi 335449 334549 334547 334547 Nicrofer 5120 Charge Charge Charge Charge CoTi 335449 334549 334547 334547
Charge 413297 Analyse Kopf Analyse Fuß Analyse Kopf Analyse Fuß großtechn. 5200 5200 5100 5100 erzeugt Batch 413297 analysis head analysis foot analysis head analysis foot 5200 5200 5100 5100 generated
C 0,049 0,051 0,05 0,051 0,051 s 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002 C 0.049 0.051 0.05 0.051 0.051 s 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002
N 0,004 0,008 0,009 0,008 0,01N 0.004 0.008 0.009 0.008 0.01
Cr 19,99 24,9 24,9 24,9 24,9Cr 19.99 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.9
Ni Ni
Rest 51 ,3313 45,1 1 45,07 45,12 45,09 Mn 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 Residue 51, 3313 45.1 1 45.07 45.12 45.09 Mn 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Si 0,04 0,06 0,07 0,06 0,05Si 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.05
Mo 5,85 5,82 5,83 5,81 5,83Mo 5,85 5,82 5,83 5,81 5,83
Ti 2,09 1 ,69 1 ,69 1 ,69 1 ,69Ti 2,09 1, 69 1, 69 1, 69 1, 69
Nb 0,01 0,02 0,02 0,02 0,02 Cu 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 Fe 0,23 0,53 0,53 0,53 0,53 P 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002 0,002Nb 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Cu 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Fe 0.23 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 P 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002
AI 0,46 1 ,08 1 ,08 1 ,08 1 ,08AI 0,46 1, 08 1, 08 1, 08 1, 08
Mg 0,001 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 Pb 0,0002 0,0002 0,0002 0,0002 0,0002 Sn 0,001 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 Ca 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01Mg 0.001 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 Pb 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Sn 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Ca 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0 , 01
V 0,01 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,07V 0.01 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07
Zr 0,01 0,02 0,01 0,02 0,02Zr 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02
W 0,01 0,58 0,59 0,59 0,58W 0.01 0.58 0.59 0.59 0.58
Co 19,81 20,01 20,03 20,00 20,03Co 19,81 20,01 20,03 20,00 20,03
B 0,003 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 As 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 SE 0,0003 B 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 As 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 SE 0.0003
Te 0,0001  Te 0.0001
Bi o, 0,00003 0,00003 0,00003 0,00003 Bi o, 0.00003 0.00003 0.00003 0.00003
Ag 0,0001 Ag 0.0001
0 0,005  0 0.005
Ti + AI 2,55 2,77 2,77 2,77 2,77 Ti + Al 2.55 2.77 2.77 2.77 2.77
Ti/Al 4,5435 1 ,565 1 ,565 1 ,565 1 ,565 Es wurden jeweils 8 kg pro Schmelze an Ausgangsmaterialien eingesetzt (Tabelle 1 ). Nach dem Abgießen wurden an den Proben Spektralanalysen vorgenommen. Die Proben wurden anschließend auf 6 mm Dicke gewalzt. Durch weiteres Walzen (mit Zwischenglühung) auf einer Laborwalze wurden die Proben auf 0,4 mm Enddicke gewalzt. Ti / Al 4,5435 1, 565 1, 565 1, 565 1, 565 In each case 8 kg per melt of starting materials were used (Table 1). After pouring, spectral analyzes were performed on the samples. The samples were then rolled to 6 mm thickness. By further rolling (with intermediate annealing) on a laboratory roller, the samples were rolled to 0.4 mm final thickness.
Die Lösungsglühung erfolgte bei 1 .150°C für 30 Min. mit anschließendem Wasserabschrecken. The solution annealing was carried out at 1 .150 ° C for 30 min. Followed by water quenching.
Eine Ausscheidungshärtung wurde bei Temperaturen von 800, 850, 900 bzw. 950°C für 4/8/16 h mit anschließendem Wasserabschrecken durchgeführt. Precipitation hardening was carried out at temperatures of 800, 850, 900 or 950 ° C for 4/8/16 h with subsequent water quenching.
Die Varianten 250575 bis 250577 zeigten hierbei gegenüber dem Stand der Technik, respektive den Varianten 250573 und 250574, ein sehr hohes Härteniveau. Das bedeutet, dass die festigkeitssteigernde Phase (hier Gamma- Prime) noch stabil ist. Variants 250575 to 250577 showed a very high level of hardness compared with the state of the art, respectively variants 250573 and 250574. This means that the strength-enhancing phase (here Gamma- Prime) is still stable.
Für großtechnische Anwendungen (Tabelle 2) wird der Werkstoff in einem Mittelfrequenz-Induktionsofen erzeugt, dann als Strangguss in Brammenform abgegossen. Anschließend werden die Brammen im Elektroschlacke- Umschmelzofen zu weiteren Brammen (respektive Stangen) umgeschmolzen. Danach wird die jeweilige Bramme warmgewalzt, zur Erzeugung von Bandmaterial an Dicken von ca. 6 mm. Daran schließt sich ein Kaltwalzvorgang des Bandmaterials an Enddicke von ca. 0,4 mm an. For large-scale applications (Table 2), the material is produced in a medium-frequency induction furnace, then poured as a continuous casting in slab form. Subsequently, the slabs are remelted in the electroslag remelting furnace to further slabs (respectively rods). Thereafter, the respective slab is hot rolled, for the production of strip material to thicknesses of about 6 mm. This is followed by a cold rolling process of the strip material to final thickness of about 0.4 mm.
Somit liegt nun ein Ausgangsmaterial für Tiefzieh- oder Stanzprodukte vor. Bedarfsweise kann noch produktabhängig ein thermischer Prozess vorgenommen werden. Thus, there is now a starting material for thermoformed or stamped products. If necessary, depending on the product, a thermal process can be carried out.
Zur Erzeugung von Bauteilen für die Luftfahrt bietet sich folgender Herstellungsweg an: For the production of components for aviation, the following production route is available:
VIM - VAR Die Produktform nach dem VAR kann eine Bramme oder eine Stange sein. VIM - VAR The product form after the VAR may be a slab or a rod.
Die Umformung kann durch Walzen oder Schmieden erfolgen. The forming can be done by rolling or forging.
Zur Erzeugung von Bauteilen für Kraftwerke oder Automobile bietet sich auch folgender Herstellweg an: For the production of components for power plants or automobiles, the following preparation path is also available:
VIM - ESU VIM - ESU
Auch hier sind Umformungen durch Schmieden oder Walzen denkbar. Again, transformations by forging or rolling are conceivable.
Abbildung 1 zeigt die Kriechdehnung verschiedener Werkstoffe in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit bei einer typischen Anwendungstemperatur von 900°C sowie einer Belastung von 60 Mpa. Dargestellt sind die Werkstoffe C-263 Standard (Nicrofer 5120 CoTi), C-264 Variante 76 (Charge 250576) sowie C-264 Variante 77 (Charge 250577). Figure 1 shows the creep strain of various materials as a function of time at a typical application temperature of 900 ° C and a load of 60 Mpa. Shown are the materials C-263 standard (Nicrofer 5120 CoTi), C-264 variant 76 (batch 250576) and C-264 variant 77 (batch 250577).
Bei der Standardversion ist erkennbar, dass bei vorgegebener Temperatur und Belastung der Werkstoff nach weniger als 100 h versagt. In the standard version it can be seen that at a given temperature and load the material fails after less than 100 hours.
Die beiden anderen Varianten zeigen beide Standzeiten von ca. 400 h, respektive ca. 550 h. The two other variants both show service lives of approx. 400 h and approx. 550 h, respectively.
Die Varianten 76 und 77 zeigen verbesserte Standzeiten, die im Betriebszustand zu einem höheren Kriechwiderstand und somit zu wesentlich geringerer Bauteilverformung führen. The variants 76 and 77 show improved service lives, which lead to a higher creep resistance in the operating state and thus to significantly lower component deformation.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Hochtemperatur-Nickelbasislegierung bestehend aus (in Gew.-%): 1 . High-temperature nickel-based alloy consisting of (in% by weight):
c 0,04 - 0,1 %  c 0.04 - 0.1%
s max. 0,01 %  s max. 0.01%
N max. 0,05 %  N max. 0.05%
Cr 24 - 28 %  Cr 24 - 28%
Mn max. 0,3 %  Mn max. 0.3%
Si max. 0,3 %  Si max. 0.3%
Mo 1 - 6 %  Mo 1 - 6%
Ti 0,5 - 3 %  Ti 0.5 - 3%
Nb 0,001 - 0,1 %  Nb 0.001 - 0.1%
Cu max. 0,2 %  Cu max. 0.2%
Fe 0,1 - 0,7 %  Fe 0.1 - 0.7%
P max. 0,015 %  P max. 0.015%
AI 0,5 - 2 %  AI 0.5 - 2%
Mg max. 0,01 %  Mg max. 0.01%
Ca max. 0,01 %  Ca max. 0.01%
V 0,01 - 0,5 %  V 0.01 - 0.5%
Zr max. 0,1 %  Zr max. 0.1%
W 0,2 - 2 %  W 0.2 - 2%
Co 17 - 21 %  Co 17 - 21%
B max. 0,01 %  B max. 0.01%
O max. 0,01 %  O max. 0.01%
Ni Rest sowie erschmelzungsbedingte Verunreinigungen  Ni remainder as well as smelting-related impurities
2. Nickelbasislegierung nach Anspruch 1 , mit (in Gew.-%) Cr 24 - 26 %. 2. Nickel-based alloy according to claim 1, with (in wt .-%) Cr 24 - 26%.
3. Nickelbasislegierung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, mit (in Gew.-%) Mo 2 - 6 %. 3. Nickel-based alloy according to claim 1 or 2, with (in wt .-%) Mo 2 - 6%.
4. Nickelbasislegierung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, mit (in Gew.-%) Mo 1 ,5 - 2,5 %. 4. nickel-based alloy according to claim 1 or 2, with (in wt .-%) Mo 1, 5 - 2.5%.
5. Nickelbasislegierung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, mit (in Gew.-%) Mo 4 - 6 %. 5. nickel-based alloy according to claim 1 or 2, with (in wt .-%) Mo 4 - 6%.
6. Nickelbasislegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, mit (in Gew.-%) Ti 0,5 - 2,5 %. 6. Nickel-based alloy according to one of claims 1 to 5, with (in wt .-%) Ti 0.5 - 2.5%.
7. Nickelbasislegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, mit (in Gew.-%) Ti 1 ,5 - 2,5 %. 7. Nickel-based alloy according to one of claims 1 to 5, with (in wt .-%) Ti 1, 5 - 2.5%.
8. Nickelbasislegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, mit (in Gew.-%) AI 0,5 - 1 ,5 %. 8. Nickel-based alloy according to one of claims 1 to 7, with (in wt .-%) AI 0.5 - 1, 5%.
9. Nickelbasislegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, mit (in Gew.-%) V 0,01 - 0,2 %. A nickel base alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein (in weight%) V is 0.01-0.2%.
10. Nickelbasislegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, mit (in Gew.-%) W 0,5 - 1 ,5 %. 10. Nickel-based alloy according to one of claims 1 to 9, with (in wt .-%) W 0.5 - 1, 5%.
1 1 . Nickelbasislegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei die Summe Ti + AI (in Gew.-%) min. 1 % beträgt. 1 1. Nickel-based alloy according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the sum Ti + Al (in wt .-%) min. 1%.
12. Nickelbasislegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 1 1 , wobei die Summe Ti + AI (in Gew.-%) min. 1 ,5 %, insbesondere min. 2 %, beträgt. 12. nickel-based alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 1 1, wherein the sum Ti + Al (in wt .-%) min. 1, 5%, in particular min. 2%.
13. Nickelbasislegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei das Verhältnis Ti/Al max. 3,5, insbesondere max. 2,0, beträgt. 13. Nickel-based alloy according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the ratio Ti / Al max. 3.5, in particular max. 2.0, is.
14. Nickelbasislegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, einsetzbar für Bauteile, die Bauteiltemperaturen > 700°C, insbesondere > 900°C, respektive > 950°C, ausgesetzt sind. 14. Nickel-based alloy according to one of claims 1 to 13, usable for components, the component temperatures> 700 ° C, in particular> 900 ° C, respectively> 950 ° C, are exposed.
15. Nickelbasislegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, einsetzbar für Bauteile in Verbrennungskraftmaschinen. 15. Nickel-based alloy according to one of claims 1 to 14, usable for components in internal combustion engines.
16. Nickelbasislegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, einsetzbar als Bauteile von Turboladern. 16. Nickel-based alloy according to one of claims 1 to 15, usable as components of turbochargers.
17. Nickelbasislegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, einsetzbar für Bauteile in fliegenden oder stationären Turbinen, insbesondere Gasturbinen. 17. Nickel-based alloy according to one of claims 1 to 14, usable for components in flying or stationary turbines, in particular gas turbines.
18. Nickelbasislegierung nach Anspruch 17, einsetzbar für Schaufeln oder Leiterelemente in fliegenden oder stationären Turbinen, insbesondere Gasturbinen. 18. Nickel-based alloy according to claim 17, usable for blades or conductor elements in flying or stationary turbines, in particular gas turbines.
19. Nickelbasislegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, einsetzbar für Bauteile in Kraftwerken. 19. Nickel-based alloy according to one of claims 1 to 14, usable for components in power plants.
20. Nickelbasislegierung nach Anspruch 19, einsetzbar für Rohre oder Sonden in Kraftwerken. 20. Nickel-based alloy according to claim 19, usable for pipes or probes in power plants.
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