EP3649682A1 - Negative elektrode mit elektroden-, zwischen- und festelektrolytschicht - Google Patents
Negative elektrode mit elektroden-, zwischen- und festelektrolytschichtInfo
- Publication number
- EP3649682A1 EP3649682A1 EP18733236.6A EP18733236A EP3649682A1 EP 3649682 A1 EP3649682 A1 EP 3649682A1 EP 18733236 A EP18733236 A EP 18733236A EP 3649682 A1 EP3649682 A1 EP 3649682A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- solid electrolyte
- negative electrode
- lithium
- intermediate layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007764 slot die coating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005019 vapor deposition process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 168
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 22
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910012223 LiPFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002203 sulfidic glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- CXULZQWIHKYPTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[Mn++].[Co++].[Ni++] CXULZQWIHKYPTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000157 electrochemical-induced impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACKHWUITNXEGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum cobalt(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Al+3].[Co+2].[Ni+2] ACKHWUITNXEGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001566 impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- SHXXPRJOPFJRHA-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(iii) fluoride Chemical compound F[Fe](F)F SHXXPRJOPFJRHA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DVATZODUVBMYHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;iron(2+);manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn+2].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O DVATZODUVBMYHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001338 self-assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/0071—Oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0094—Composites in the form of layered products, e.g. coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode (anode) for a lithium cell, a lithium cell equipped therewith, and a method for producing the same.
- Electrical energy can be stored by means of batteries, which can convert chemical reaction energy into electrical energy.
- batteries can convert chemical reaction energy into electrical energy.
- primary batteries can be discharged only once
- secondary batteries also referred to as accumulators, are rechargeable.
- Lithium batteries typically include multiple lithium cells and can have high energy density, high thermal stability, and low self-discharge. Therefore, they are suitable for use in automobiles such as Electric Vehicles (EV), Hybrid Vehicles (HEV), Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV). of special interest.
- EV Electric Vehicles
- HEV Hybrid Vehicles
- PHEV Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
- a lithium cell has a negative electrode, which is also referred to as an anode, and a positive electrode, which is also referred to as a cathode.
- a separator is arranged between the negative and the positive electrode.
- the document US 2003/0124429 Al relates to a secondary battery with a negative electrode comprising metallic lithium, a polymer layer of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and carbon powder and a polyethylene separator.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the present invention is a negative electrode (anode) for a lithium cell, which
- a solid electrolyte layer of a solid electrolyte having a lithium ion-conducting portion, for example with a lithium ion-conducting phase, and having a mechanically stabilizing portion, for example with a mechanically stabilizing phase, for example with a microbe or sub-microstructuring, and
- Solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer, and the intermediate layer in particular the same or a similar polymer electrolyte.
- Polymer electrolytes are understood which at least one polymer back forming unit, for example an alkylene oxide unit, for example a Ethylene oxide unit of the same type of polymer, for example one
- Polyalkylene oxide for example, a polyethylene oxide, but may be substituted differently.
- interlayer which is the same or a similar
- Polymer electrolyte includes as the lithium ion conductive portion of
- Solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer can advantageously the
- Lithium reduced, for example minimized.
- Polymer electrolyte includes as the lithium ion conductive portion of
- Solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer can be advantageously realized that the material of the intermediate layer with the material of
- Solid electrolyte layer - and for example, with the material of the negative electrode layer - is compatible and / or an improved or more stable SEI layer (SEI, Solid Electrolyte Interphase, English: solid electrolyte intermediate phase) is formed.
- SEI Solid Electrolyte Interphase
- English solid electrolyte intermediate phase
- Solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer includes, for example, which comprises the polymer electrolyte of the lithium ion conductive portion of the solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer in pure form or formed therefrom, a significantly lower interface resistance and / or internal resistance between the solid electrolyte layer and negative electrode layer can be achieved only by a solid electrolyte layer of a solid electrolyte with a lithium ion-conducting portion and with a mechanically stabilizing portion, for example with a micro or sub-microstructuring, which has the same or a very similar polymer electrolyte as the lithium ion-conducting component.
- the difference in the interfacial resistances may be significantly greater than would be expected on account of the smaller area fraction of the lithium ion-conducting fraction in the solid electrolyte, for example with micro- or submicrostructuring.
- the intermediate layer comprises the same or a similar polymer electrolyte as the lithium ion conducting portion of the solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer, even the interfacial resistance between the solid electrolyte layer and the negative electrode layer, for example by a factor of 1.5 to 5, for example by at least 50 %, be reduced.
- The, serving in particular as a separator, solid electrolyte layer may advantageously be mechanically stable, for example, stiff, and thus dendrite stable by their mechanically stabilizing portion.
- a penetration of lithium dendrites from the negative electrode (anode) to the positive electrode (cathode) and consequent short circuits can be reduced or avoided, thus increasing the safety of the cell equipped with the negative electrode (anode).
- the polymer electrolyte of the lithium ion conductive portion of the solid electrolyte layer and the polymer electrolyte of the intermediate layer may include or be formed of at least one identical or similar repeating unit.
- Repeating units which comprise a polymer backbone-forming unit for example an alkylene oxide unit, for example an ethylene oxide unit, of the same polymer type, for example one Polyalkylene oxide, for example, a polyethylene oxide, but may be substituted differently.
- the polymer electrolyte of the lithium ion-conducting portion of the solid electrolyte layer and the polymer electrolyte of the intermediate layer comprise at least one identical repeat unit. This may be advantageous in particular with regard to the reduction of the interfacial resistance and / or the compatibility.
- the polymer electrolyte of the lithium ion-conducting portion of the solid electrolyte layer and the polymer electrolyte of the intermediate layer of the same or similar repeating units, in particular identical repeating units are formed. This may be advantageous in particular with regard to the reduction of the interfacial resistance and / or the compatibility.
- the intermediate layer is formed from the polymer electrolyte of the lithium ion-conducting portion of the solid electrolyte layer in pure form. This can be particularly advantageous, in particular with regard to the reduction of the interfacial resistance and / or the compatibility.
- the solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer may in particular have a micro or sub-microstructure.
- the micro- or sub-microstructuring of the solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer may, for example - especially in
- a polymer solid electrolyte for example a block co-polymer explained later - formed by self-assembly, and for example a lamellar structure, or - especially in the case of a later-explained composite solid electrolyte, for example one Polymer electrolyte-inorganic composites, by a particle size distribution, in particular of particles from the - explained later - at least one inorganic material, be formed.
- the solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer has a submicrostructuring.
- a sub-microstructuring may, in particular, be understood to mean a structuring of structures of less than or equal to 500 nm, for example less than or equal to 250 nm.
- the solid electrolyte may be a solid electrolyte layer
- Lamella width of ⁇ 500 nm, in particular of ⁇ 250 nm, for example from about> 50 nm to about ⁇ 500 nm or ⁇ 250 nm.
- the intermediate layer may, for example, have a layer thickness of ⁇ 1 ⁇ m.
- the intermediate layer has a layer thickness which is less than or equal to the submicrostructuring, in particular the structure width, for example the lamella width, of the
- Solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer is. This can be particularly advantageous with regard to a reduction of the interfacial resistance, in particular wherein a high mechanical stability against dendrite growth by the solid electrolyte layer is particularly well ensured by such a thin intermediate layer.
- the intermediate layer has a layer thickness ⁇ 500 nm, for example ⁇ 250 nm, for example ⁇ 100 nm.
- the solid electrolyte layer may, for example, have a layer thickness of> 5 ⁇ m, for example in a range of approximately> 5 ⁇ m to approximately ⁇ 50 ⁇ m.
- the solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer may be, for example, in the
- the solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer comprises a block co-polymer having at least one
- lithium ion conductive or lithium ion conductive repeating unit in particular as a lithium ion-conducting portion, and at least one mechanically stabilizing repeating unit, in particular as a mechanical
- a block co-polymer may advantageously be formed a rigid and in particular dendrite stable solid electrolyte layer.
- a lithium ion-conducting repeat unit may in particular be understood as meaning a repeat unit which itself may be free of the lithium ions to be conducted but is designed to coordinate and / or solvate the lithium ions to be conducted and / or counter ions of the ions to be conducted, for example lithium ions.
- a repeat unit in particular a repeat unit are understood which rigid groups, in particular aromatic groups comprises.
- the mechanically stabilizing repeat unit may comprise an aromatic group.
- Repeat unit be a styrene and / or phenylene-based unit.
- the block copolymer has a lamellar structure.
- the block co-polymer may be a
- Dendritenstabilmaschine achieved and thereby the safety of the cell equipped with it further improved.
- the solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer comprises a polymer electrolyte-inorganic composite of at least one
- Polymer electrolyte in particular as a lithium ion-conducting portion, and at least one inorganic material, in particular as a mechanically stabilizing portion. From a polymer electrolyte-inorganic composite can advantageously also a rigid and in particular dendrites stable solid electrolyte layer are formed.
- the at least one inorganic material may in particular be at least one ceramic and / or glassy lithium ion conductor, for
- Example at least one sulfidic glass and / or at least one
- the at least one inorganic material, in particular the at least one vitreous and / or ceramic lithium ion conductor, of the polymer electrolyte-inorganic composite has an average particle size of ⁇ 500 nm, in particular of ⁇ 250 nm, for example> 50 nm ⁇ 500 nm or ⁇ 250 nm, on.
- a high dendrite stability can be achieved, thereby further improving the safety of the cell equipped therewith.
- the polymer electrolyte of the lithium ion-conducting portion of the solid electrolyte layer and / or the polymer electrolyte of the intermediate layer may in particular further comprise at least one lithium conducting salt, for example
- LiTFSI Lithium bis (trifluoromethane-sulfonyl) imide
- LiPFe Lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ) and / or lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPFe).
- the polymer electrolyte of the lithium ion-conducting portion of the solid electrolyte layer comprises polyethylene oxide.
- the polymer electrolyte of the lithium ion conductive portion of the solid electrolyte layer may be polyethylene oxide and at least one lithium conductive salt, for example, lithium bis (trifluoromethane-sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) and / or
- Lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ) and / or lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPFe), include or be formed from.
- the polymer electrolyte of the intermediate layer comprises polyethylene oxide.
- the polymer electrolyte of the intermediate layer may be polyethylene oxide and at least one lithium conducting salt, for example lithium bis (trifluoromethane-sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) and / or Lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ) and / or lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPFe), include or be formed from.
- LiTFSI lithium bis (trifluoromethane-sulfonyl) imide
- LiBF 4 Lithium tetrafluoroborate
- LiPFe lithium hexafluorophosphate
- the polymer electrolyte of the lithium ion-conducting portion of the solid electrolyte layer and the
- the polymer electrolyte of the lithium ion conductive portion of the solid electrolyte layer and the polymer electrolyte of the intermediate layer may be polyethylene oxide and at least one lithium conductive salt, for example, lithium bis (trifluoromethane-sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) and / or lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ) and / or
- LiTFSI lithium bis (trifluoromethane-sulfonyl) imide
- LiBF 4 lithium tetrafluoroborate
- LiPFe Lithium hexafluorophosphate
- the solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer comprises a block copolymer of polyethylene oxide with at least one further polymer, in particular a polyethylene oxide-polystyrene block co-polymer.
- Polymer (PEO-PS block co-polymer) and / or a polyethylene oxide-polyacrylate block co-polymer, and at least one lithium conducting salt, for example
- LiTFSI Lithium bis (trifluoromethane-sulfonyl) imide
- LiPFe lithium hexafluorophosphate
- the polymer electrolyte of the intermediate layer may optionally further comprise at least one additive, for example for the improved formation of an SEI layer on the metallic lithium of the negative electrode layer.
- the negative electrode layer can be, for example, a lithium metal layer, for example in the form of a lithium metal foil, for example with a
- Lithium metal layer thickness in a range of about> 1 ⁇ to about ⁇ 10 ⁇ be.
- the coated metal foil can serve as a current conductor.
- a lithium metal layer for example in the form a lithium metal foil
- the negative electrode may optionally further comprise a current conductor, for example in the form of a foil, for example of copper or nickel-plated copper.
- a current conductor for example in the form of a foil, for example of copper or nickel-plated copper.
- an additional current conductor is not absolutely necessary.
- the negative electrode may be used both in a lithium cell for a secondary battery and a primary battery.
- Another object of the invention is a process for the preparation of a negative electrode, in particular a negative according to the invention
- Electrode and / or a lithium cell, in particular a cell according to the invention.
- a lithium ion-conducting portion for example with a lithium ion-conducting phase
- a mechanically stabilizing portion for example with a mechanically stabilizing phase, for example with a microbe or sub-microstructuring, an intermediate layer applied, and
- Electrode layer (anode layer) applied,
- lithium ion-conducting phase lithium ion-conducting phase
- mechanically stabilizing portion for example, with a mechanically stabilizing phase, for example, with a micro or Submikrostruktuntation applied.
- the lithium ion-conducting portion of the solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer for example, the lithium ion-conducting phase of the
- Solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer, and the intermediate layer in particular the same or a similar polymer electrolyte.
- the solid electrolyte layer for example, the solid electrolyte of
- the lithium ion-conducting portion of the solid electrolyte layer, the intermediate layer, for example, the polymer electrolyte of the intermediate layer, and the negative electrode layer can in the context of the method as already in
- the solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer may in particular a
- Submicrostructure for example, with a feature width, for example, with a lamella width of ⁇ 500 nm, in particular of ⁇ 250 nm, for example from about> 50 nm to about ⁇ 500 nm or ⁇ 250 nm.
- the intermediate layer with a
- Layer thickness of ⁇ 1 ⁇ for example, of ⁇ 500 nm, for example of
- the intermediate layer can be formed with a layer thickness which is less than or equal to the sub-micropatterning, in particular structure width, for example lamella width, of the solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer.
- the intermediate layer with a layer thickness of ⁇ 500 nm, for example
- the solid electrolyte layer can be made of one, for example
- the solid electrolyte layer can be formed from such a composition with a layer thickness of about> 5 ⁇ m to about ⁇ 50 ⁇ m.
- the solid electrolyte layer may be obtained, for example, by coating a positive electrode (cathode), for
- Example of a positive electrode layer (cathode layer), or one
- the solid electrolyte layer can be formed, for example, by coating the intermediate layer with such a mass with subsequent removal, for example evaporation, of the at least one solvent, for example in a drying oven, in particular forming a separator which is as solvent-free as possible.
- the interlayer can by means of different processes with a
- the intermediate layer is through
- At least one lithium-ion-conducting or lithium-ion-conducting polymer can be dissolved in at least one solvent to form a polymer electrolyte and sprayed, for example, by means of a multiplicity, in particular of fine, nozzles. Subsequently, the layer can then be dried while removing, for example evaporating, the at least one solvent.
- the intermediate layer by a vapor deposition, in particular by
- Evaporation for example, an oligomer to form a
- the intermediate layer by doctoring (English: Doctor Blading) and / or
- the intermediate layer is applied by spin coating.
- layer thicknesses of ⁇ 100 nm can be realized.
- cut, pieces for example layer stack pieces, can be coated with the intermediate layer, which can be laid on a rotating surface of the rotary coater.
- the intermediate layer is thin compared to the solid electrolyte layer, it is possible to first make the intermediate layer of at least one material for
- At least one lithium conducting salt and / or at least one additive for example for improved formation of an SEI layer on the metallic lithium of the negative electrode layer, later by diffusion from one or the solid electrolyte layer containing at least one lithium conducting salt and / or at least one Additive, for example, for improved formation of an SEI layer on the metallic lithium of the negative electrode layer was added, are introduced into the intermediate layer. After application of the layers, the negative electrode layer may optionally be hot-pressed with the other layers.
- a negative electrode or cell produced according to the invention can be produced, for example, by microscopic methods, for example
- the invention relates to a lithium cell, in particular for a lithium battery, for example for a motor vehicle, for example for a
- method comprises negative electrode.
- the cell comprises in particular a positive electrode (cathode).
- the positive electrode may in particular be a positive electrode layer
- the positive electrode in particular the positive electrode layer, comprises at least one cathode active material, at least one electrolyte and at least one conductive additive.
- the at least one cathode active material of the positive electrode for example, at least one lithium intercalation material and / or
- Conversion material for example, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and / or lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) and / or a metal oxide, such as nickel-cobalt-aluminum oxide (NCA) and / or nickel-cobalt Manganese oxide (NCM) and / or high-energy nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide (HE-NCM) and / or lithium Manganese oxide (LMO) and / or high-voltage lithium-nickel-manganese oxide (HV-LNMO), and / or iron fluoride (FeF 3 ) and / or vanadium oxide (V 2 0 5 ) and / or sulfur
- Carbon composite for example, a sulfur-polyacrylonitrile composite, such as SPAN, especially in particulate form, include or be.
- the at least one electrolyte of the positive electrode may, for example, at least one polymer electrolyte, for example with or without
- Plasticizer and / or at least one polymer gel electrolyte and / or at least one liquid electrolyte, for example which with the
- Solid electrolyte is immiscible and / or which does not dissolve at least one SEI layer on the negative electrode, and / or at least one
- ceramic and / or glassy lithium ion conductor for example at least one sulfidic glass and / or at least one lithium ion conductor with
- Garnet structure and / or at least one polymer electrolyte-inorganic composite of at least one polymer electrolyte, optionally with one or more additives, and at least one ceramic and / or glassy lithium ion conductor, for example at least one sulfidic glass and / or at least one lithium ion conductor with garnet structure or his.
- the at least one conductive additive of the positive electrode may be carbon-based, for example.
- the at least one conductive additive of the positive electrode may comprise or be formed from carbon black and / or graphite and / or carbon nanotubes.
- the positive electrode can be equipped with a current conductor, for example made of aluminum, for example in the form of an aluminum foil.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section through an embodiment of a negative electrode according to the invention for a lithium cell in one embodiment of a lithium cell according to the invention.
- Figure 1 shows that the negative electrode (anode) 10 comprises a metallic lithium negative electrode layer (lithium metal anode) 1 1 and a solid electrolyte layer 12 of a solid electrolyte with a
- Solid electrolyte layer 12 that is to say on the side of the solid electrolyte layer 12 facing the negative electrode layer 11, the negative electrode has an intermediate layer 13.
- the lithium ion-conducting portion of the solid electrolyte layer 12 and the intermediate layer 13 comprise the same or a similar polymer electrolyte.
- the polymer electrolyte of the lithium ion conductive portion of the solid electrolyte layer 12 and the polymer electrolyte of the intermediate layer 13 may include polyethylene oxide, for example, polyethylene oxide and at least one lithium conductive salt, for example, lithium bis (trifluoromethane "sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI).
- polyethylene oxide for example, polyethylene oxide
- at least one lithium conductive salt for example, lithium bis (trifluoromethane "sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI).
- the solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer 12 may be a block copolymer having at least one lithium ion-conducting or lithium ion-conductive recurring unit and at least one mechanically stabilizing one
- the block co-polymer of the solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer 12 may be a block co-polymer of
- Solid electrolyte or the block copolymer of the solid electrolyte layer 12 may in particular have a submicrostructure
- a lamellar structure with a structure width, for example lamella width, of ⁇ 500 nm, in particular ⁇ 250 nm, for example from about> 50 nm to about ⁇ 500 nm or ⁇ 250 nm.
- the layer thickness dz of the intermediate layer 13 preferably does not exceed the structure width, in particular the internal sub-microstructure giving the mechanical stability, of the solid electrolyte of the solid electrolyte layer 12 and is in particular smaller than or equal to this, for example ⁇ 500 nm, in particular ⁇ 250 nm, for example ⁇ 100 nm
- Such a thin intermediate layer 13 may be particularly advantageous in terms of reducing the interfacial resistance, in particular having a high mechanical stability against dendrite growth through the solid electrolyte layer 12, which, for example, a layer thickness dF of> 5 ⁇ , for example in a range of about> 5 ⁇ approximately ⁇ 50 ⁇ , may have, be particularly well guaranteed.
- FIG. 1 further shows that the cell further comprises a positive electrode 20 having a positive electrode layer (cathode layer) 21.
- the positive electrode 20, in particular the positive electrode layer 21 comprises for example at least one cathode active material, at least one electrolyte and at least one conductive additive.
- FIG. 1 further shows that both the negative electrode 10 and the positive electrode 20 are each equipped with a current collector 14, 22.
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017211413.4A DE102017211413A1 (de) | 2017-07-05 | 2017-07-05 | Negative Elektrode mit Elektroden-, Zwischen- und Festelektrolytschicht |
| PCT/EP2018/066397 WO2019007685A1 (de) | 2017-07-05 | 2018-06-20 | Negative elektrode mit elektroden-, zwischen- und festelektrolytschicht |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3649682A1 true EP3649682A1 (de) | 2020-05-13 |
Family
ID=62705591
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18733236.6A Withdrawn EP3649682A1 (de) | 2017-07-05 | 2018-06-20 | Negative elektrode mit elektroden-, zwischen- und festelektrolytschicht |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3649682A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102017211413A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2019007685A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11024877B2 (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2021-06-01 | TeraWatt Technology Inc. | Anode-free solid-state battery cells with anti-dendrite and interface adhesion controlled functional layers |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7247408B2 (en) * | 1999-11-23 | 2007-07-24 | Sion Power Corporation | Lithium anodes for electrochemical cells |
| EP1193789A1 (de) | 2000-02-24 | 2002-04-03 | Japan Storage Battery Co., Ltd. | Nicht-wässrige elektrolytische sekundärzelle |
| DE102014207531A1 (de) * | 2014-04-22 | 2015-10-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Galvanisches Element mit Festkörperzellenstapel |
| DE102014221736A1 (de) | 2014-10-24 | 2016-04-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Polymerelektrolyt für Lithium-Schwefel-Zelle |
| KR102207927B1 (ko) * | 2014-07-14 | 2021-01-26 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 전해질, 상기 전해질을 포함하는 리튬전지 및 리튬금속전지, 및 상기 전해질의 제조방법 |
| EP3285324B1 (de) * | 2015-10-30 | 2020-01-01 | LG Chem, Ltd. | Polymerelektrolyt mit mehrschichtiger struktur und festkörperbatterie damit |
-
2017
- 2017-07-05 DE DE102017211413.4A patent/DE102017211413A1/de active Pending
-
2018
- 2018-06-20 EP EP18733236.6A patent/EP3649682A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-06-20 WO PCT/EP2018/066397 patent/WO2019007685A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102017211413A1 (de) | 2019-01-10 |
| WO2019007685A1 (de) | 2019-01-10 |
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