EP3646460A1 - Photovoltaic panel - Google Patents

Photovoltaic panel

Info

Publication number
EP3646460A1
EP3646460A1 EP18740743.2A EP18740743A EP3646460A1 EP 3646460 A1 EP3646460 A1 EP 3646460A1 EP 18740743 A EP18740743 A EP 18740743A EP 3646460 A1 EP3646460 A1 EP 3646460A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic panel
panel according
support plate
laminate
photovoltaic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18740743.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Valérick CASSAGNE
Jean Guillaume LOBJOIS
Frédéric Leroy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TotalEnergies Renewables SAS
Original Assignee
Total Renewables SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Total Renewables SAS filed Critical Total Renewables SAS
Publication of EP3646460A1 publication Critical patent/EP3646460A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S30/00—Structural details of PV modules other than those related to light conversion
    • H02S30/10—Frame structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a photovoltaic panel.
  • Photovoltaic solar panels can produce electrical energy from solar radiation. They comprise a plurality of photovoltaic elements (typically cells or thin layers) which operate according to the principle of the photoelectric effect. Generally, several photovoltaic elements are connected to each other in a photovoltaic solar panel, and several panels are grouped together to form a solar installation. This facility produces electricity that can be consumed on site or fed into a distribution network.
  • photovoltaic solar panels are usually installed on roofs to be well exposed to the sun without requiring an imprint on the ground.
  • roofs targeted for installing photovoltaic panels many roof areas of industrial or commercial buildings could be equipped with such solar panels. Indeed, for the building operator, the generation of electrical energy can generate additional income or an economy and contribute to promoting the economic operation of the building.
  • the present invention therefore aims to provide lighter photovoltaic panels that can be installed on roofs of industrial or commercial buildings by adding that a low overweight.
  • the present invention aims to provide photovoltaic panels whose assembly has an optimized cost.
  • the present invention aims to provide photovoltaic panels whose installation can be facilitated and requires less wiring.
  • the subject of the invention is a photovoltaic panel comprising:
  • a plastic support plate having a core in cells such as honeycombs,
  • the support plate and the frame are made of plastic and / or composite material, the photovoltaic cells are naturally electrically insulated and no grounding connection is required, which facilitates the installation of the panels and presents a decrease in cost in terms of grounding equipment and in terms of installation time.
  • the edge portion of the honeycomb core is well protected from external climatic conditions.
  • the assembly of panels is very fast and accurate and is less subject to tolerance problems that often have plastic parts and thus ensures a seal of the assembly.
  • the cells of the support plate may be honeycombs or cells of rectangular section extending parallel to the plane defined by the laminate.
  • the laminate of photovoltaic cells can be glued to the support plate, but fixing by mechanical means, for example clips is also possible.
  • Each longitudinal section has for example in cross section a generally U-shaped whose branches are directed towards each other to exert a clamping force between the laminate and the support plate.
  • the branches of the longitudinal profiles include an angle between 5 and 15 ° with the bottom of the U.
  • the longitudinal profiles may be made of composite material, in particular by being reinforced with glass fibers.
  • the longitudinal sections comprise for example a polyester matrix.
  • the wedge-shaped portions have in particular an outer hollow facilitating the evacuation of water and dirt.
  • the corner portions have two sections of right-angled sections and the outer hollow makes an angle of between 0 ° and 55 ° , in particular 45 ° with respect to one of the two section sections.
  • Each wedge-shaped portion has for example at the hollow a reinforcing plate of general L-shaped whose ends serve as stops for the longitudinal profiles during assembly.
  • the wedge-shaped portions may be made in one piece, in particular by molding.
  • the support plate has in particular a thickness between 5-50mm, more specifically 15 and 30mm, and in particular 20mm.
  • the cellular core is covered on each side with a rigid skin reinforced with glass fibers.
  • One of the rigid skins may be covered with a plastic felt to facilitate gluing the laminate of photovoltaic cells on the support plate.
  • the invention also relates to a method of assembling a photovoltaic panel as defined above in which:
  • the laminate is fixed on the support plate
  • FIG. 1 shows a photovoltaic panel according to the invention in the assembled state
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a plan view of a laminate of photovoltaic cells
  • FIG. 3A schematically shows in perspective a first example of a plastic support plate having a honeycomb core
  • FIG. 3B schematically shows in perspective a second example of a plastic support plate having a cellular core of rectangular sections
  • FIG. 4 shows in a simplified view a cross-sectional view of the laminate of photovoltaic cells glued to the support plate having a core honeycomb
  • FIG. 5 shows a simplified cross-sectional view of the photovoltaic panel according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of FIG. 5 showing in detail a profile of the photovoltaic panel according to the invention
  • FIG. 7 shows, in perspective view, an example of a wedge-shaped portion making it possible to connect the longitudinal protection profiles
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view from above of a wedge-shaped portion of FIG. 7.
  • first element or second element as well as first parameter and second parameter, or first criterion and second criterion, and so on.
  • first element or second element as well as first parameter and second parameter, or first criterion and second criterion, and so on.
  • indexing does not imply a priority of one element, parameter or criterion with respect to another, and it is easy to interchange such denominations without departing from the scope of the present description.
  • composite material is meant an assembly of at least two immiscible components (but having a high penetration capacity) and non-metallic components whose properties complement each other.
  • the new material thus formed is electrically insulating and heterogeneous, has properties that the components alone do not possess.
  • FIG. 1 shows a photovoltaic panel 1 in the assembled state.
  • This photovoltaic panel comprises a laminate 3 of photovoltaic cells 5 (see FIG. 2).
  • a laminate 3 of photovoltaic cells 5 is well known per se, for example from document FR 2 934 418. These include photovoltaic cells 5 electrically connected to each other in a known manner and encapsulated between layers 6 of resin and / or of polymers which may optionally be reinforced, in particular by woven or non-woven fabrics of glass fibers (see FIG. 4). Photovoltaic cells 5 are, for example, mono-crystalline silicon cells which allow the greatest yield at present, but other types of photovoltaic cells can also be envisaged.
  • the laminate 3 of photovoltaic cells 5 is bonded to a support plate 7 made of plastic material having a core 9 with cells, in particular honeycomb cells (see FIG. 3A) or cells of rectangular section (see FIG. 3B).
  • the support plate 7 has for example a thickness between 5-50mm, more particularly 15 and 30mm, especially 20mm.
  • the honeycomb core 9 is covered on each side with a rigid skin 11 which can be reinforced by fibers, especially glass fibers. It is this structure that gives the photovoltaic panel rigidity while having a very low weight to be supported by roofs of industrial buildings of low lift.
  • Figure 3B has the advantage that the cells extend parallel to the plane defined by the laminate 3 and that there is no need for rigid skins 11 as in Figure 3A. This makes it possible to further lighten the weight of the photovoltaic panel 1.
  • laminate 3 with the support plate 7 further has on one of the rigid skins 11 a felt 13 of plastic.
  • glue that can be used to fix the laminate 3 on the support 7
  • Other methods or fastening materials may be used such as laminate resins 3 or heat sealing or mechanical fastening means such as clips.
  • the latter further comprises a frame 17 made of plastic and / or composite material.
  • This frame is directly assembled or attached, in particular by gluing, to the assembled assembly formed by the laminate 3 and the support plate 7.
  • This frame is formed of eight pieces, namely four longitudinal protection profiles 19 of the laminate 3 of photovoltaic cells 5 and of the support plate 7 and four wedge-shaped portions 21 connecting said profiles 19 to form with them.
  • This is a closed frame.
  • each longitudinal section 19 has a generally U-shaped cross-sectional shape. whose branches 23A and 23B are directed toward each other to exert a clamping force between the laminate 3 and the support plate 7.
  • the branches 23A and 23B make an angle between 5 and 15 ° with the bottom 25
  • a longitudinal pocket 27 is thus formed, which may for example be filled with silicone to improve the sealing and to ensure the gluing of the profile 19 against the assembly formed by the laminate 3 and the support plate 7.
  • the inside of the U is coated with the longitudinal profile 19 of silicone, then the longitudinal profile 19 is brought back to the edge 15. During this assembly, the excess silicone will be housed in the longitudinal pocket 27 and ensure as noted above the bonding and sealing.
  • the longitudinal sections 19 are made of electrically insulating composite material, for example a polyester matrix, in particular reinforced with glass fibers.
  • electrically insulating composite material for example a polyester matrix, in particular reinforced with glass fibers.
  • such a composite comprises 20% to 60% by mass of resin.
  • Longitudinal profiles 19 are for example made by extrusion to have a particularly competitive manufacturing cost.
  • the wedge-shaped portions 21 are made of plastics material, in particular of the same material as the longitudinal profiles 19.
  • the wedge-shaped portions 21 can be made in one piece, in particular by an injection method.
  • the corner portions 21 have two sections 21A and 21B of right angle profiles. According to one variant, provision is made to make the wedge-shaped portions 21 in another material, in particular more flexible (for example an elastomer) than the longitudinal profiles 19 to facilitate assembly.
  • another material in particular more flexible (for example an elastomer) than the longitudinal profiles 19 to facilitate assembly.
  • FIG. 7 showing a perspective view of a portion 21 forming a wedge, we see that it has an outer hollow forming a channel 29 and facilitating the evacuation of water and dirt when the solar panel is installed slightly leaning in relation to the horizontal.
  • the outer hollow 29 is for example an angle between 0 ° and 55 ° , in particular 45 ° relative to one of the two section sections 21A and 21B.
  • the wedge-shaped portions 21 furthermore have, at the level of the external hollow 29, a reinforcement plate 31 of L-shaped shape whose ends 33 may serve as abutments for the longitudinal profiles 19 during assembly. It is therefore understood that the photovoltaic panel 1 according to the invention does not have metal parts on the surface so that there is no longer need to connect each photovoltaic panel to the ground during installation, which is a gain important in terms of installation time, cost of material for the connection cables to the earth and in terms of security. This also makes it possible to further lighten the installation on a roof of an industrial building for example.
  • the assembly of a photovoltaic panel is also very simple:
  • the laminate 3 is fixed on the support plate 7,
  • the last two steps can be performed consecutively or at the same time. In the latter case, we just fit the last two profiles with corners beforehand.
  • the total thickness of a panel according to the invention is about 30-35mm and its weight is between 4-6kg / m2, especially 4.7 kg / m2.

Abstract

The invention relates to a photovoltaic panel (1) comprising: – a plastic support sheet (7) having a cellular core, – a laminate (3) of photovoltaic cells fixed to the support sheet, – a plastic and/or composite frame (17) comprising • longitudinal profile sections (19) for laterally protecting the laminate (3) of photovoltaic cells and the support sheet, and • corner-shaped portions (21) connecting said profile sections (19) together in order therewith to form a closed frame (17).

Description

Panneau photovoltaïque  Solar panel
La présente invention concerne un panneau photovoltaïque. Les panneaux solaires photovoltaïque s permettent de produire une énergie électrique à partir du rayonnement solaire. Ils comprennent une pluralité d'éléments photovoltaïque s (typiquement des cellules ou des couches minces) qui fonctionnent selon le principe de l'effet photoélectrique. Généralement, plusieurs éléments photovoltaïques sont reliées entre-eux dans un panneau solaire photovoltaïque, et plusieurs panneaux sont regroupés pour former une installation solaire. Cette installation produit de l'électricité qui peut être consommée sur place ou alimenter un réseau de distribution. The present invention relates to a photovoltaic panel. Photovoltaic solar panels can produce electrical energy from solar radiation. They comprise a plurality of photovoltaic elements (typically cells or thin layers) which operate according to the principle of the photoelectric effect. Generally, several photovoltaic elements are connected to each other in a photovoltaic solar panel, and several panels are grouped together to form a solar installation. This facility produces electricity that can be consumed on site or fed into a distribution network.
Pour ce faire, les panneaux solaires photovoltaïques sont généralement installés sur des toits pour être bien exposés au soleil sans nécessiter une empreinte sur le sol.  To do this, photovoltaic solar panels are usually installed on roofs to be well exposed to the sun without requiring an imprint on the ground.
Parmi les toits visés pour y installer des panneaux photovoltaïques, beaucoup de surface de toits de bâtiments industriels ou commerciaux pourraient être équipés de tels panneaux solaires. En effet, pour l'exploitant du bâtiment, la génération de l'énergie électrique peut engendrer un revenu supplémentaire ou une économie et contribuer à favoriser à l'exploitation économique du bâtiment.  Of the roofs targeted for installing photovoltaic panels, many roof areas of industrial or commercial buildings could be equipped with such solar panels. Indeed, for the building operator, the generation of electrical energy can generate additional income or an economy and contribute to promoting the economic operation of the building.
Cependant, ces bâtiments commerciaux ou industriels sont souvent construits avec par exemple une ossature métallique ou en bois qui est dimensionnée pour répondre juste aux contraintes techniques en termes de charge pour supporter le toit avec une isolation ainsi qu'une charge de neige par exemple en fonction de la région de construction.  However, these commercial or industrial buildings are often built with, for example, a metal or wooden frame that is sized to meet just the technical constraints in terms of load to support the roof with insulation and a load of snow, for example according to from the construction area.
Or du fait de leur poids, il n'est aujourd'hui pas possible d'installer certain panneaux solaires sur le toit de certains bâtiments pour ne pas contrevenir aux normes techniques en vigueur. En effet, la plupart des panneaux solaires connus présentent généralement une face avant en verre et un cadre support métallique de sorte qu'un seul panneau pèse souvent plus de 20kg voire 30kg pour certains modèles. Si on y ajoute de plus les structures de support qui sont nécessaires à l'installation des panneaux photovoltaïques, on arrive à une charge supplémentaire de 15kg/m2 ou plus pour un toit. However because of their weight, it is not possible today to install some solar panels on the roof of some buildings to not violate the technical standards in force. Indeed, most known solar panels generally have a glass front face and a metal support frame so that a single panel often weighs more than 20kg or even 30kg for some models. If we add more support structures that are necessary for the installation of photovoltaic panels, we arrive at an additional load of 15kg / m2 or more for a roof.
Ainsi, on est privé d'équiper de panneaux photovoltaïques de grandes surfaces aujourd'hui disponibles, notamment des bâtiments anciens du fait de leur dimensionnement limité en termes de charge.  Thus, we are deprived to equip photovoltaic panels large areas now available, including old buildings because of their limited size in terms of load.
Pour une construction nouvelle, prévoir une telle charge représente aussi un surcoût supplémentaire dans la construction qui ralentit le retour sur investissement lorsque l'on souhaite équiper son toit de panneaux solaires.  For a new construction, providing such a load also represents an extra cost in construction that slows the return on investment when it is desired to equip its roof with solar panels.
La présente invention vise donc à proposer des panneaux photovoltaïques plus légers et qui peuvent être installés sur des toits de bâtiments industriels ou commerciaux en y ajoutant qu'un surpoids faible.  The present invention therefore aims to provide lighter photovoltaic panels that can be installed on roofs of industrial or commercial buildings by adding that a low overweight.
Selon un objectif différent et indépendant, la présente invention vise à proposer des panneaux photovoltaïques dont l'assemblage présente un coût optimisé.  According to a different and independent objective, the present invention aims to provide photovoltaic panels whose assembly has an optimized cost.
Selon encore un autre objectif différent et indépendant, la présente invention vise à proposer des panneaux photovoltaïques dont l'installation peut être facilitée et nécessite moins de câblage.  According to yet another different and independent objective, the present invention aims to provide photovoltaic panels whose installation can be facilitated and requires less wiring.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un panneau photovoltaïque comprenant :  For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a photovoltaic panel comprising:
- une plaque de support en matière plastique présentant une âme en alvéoles comme les nids d'abeille, a plastic support plate having a core in cells such as honeycombs,
- un laminât de cellules photovoltaïques fixé sur la plaque de support,  a laminate of photovoltaic cells fixed on the support plate,
- un cadre en matière plastique et/ou composite comprenant  a frame of plastic and / or composite material comprising
o des profilés longitudinaux de protection latérale du laminât de cellules photovoltaïques et de la plaque de support, o des portions en forme de coin raccordant lesdits profilés entre eux pour former avec ceux-ci un cadre fermé. longitudinal longitudinal protection sections of the photovoltaic cell laminate and the support plate, wedge-shaped portions connecting said profiles together to form with them a closed frame.
Grâce à ces caractéristiques, on arrive à proposer des panneaux photovoltaïques très légers et robustes.  Thanks to these characteristics, we come to offer very light and robust photovoltaic panels.
Du fait que la plaque de support ainsi que le cadre sont en matière plastique et/ou composite, les cellules photovoltaïques sont naturellement isolées électriquement et aucune connexion de mise à la terre n'est nécessaire, ce qui facilite l'installation des panneaux et présente une diminution de coût en termes de matériel de mise à la terre et en termes de durée installation.  Because the support plate and the frame are made of plastic and / or composite material, the photovoltaic cells are naturally electrically insulated and no grounding connection is required, which facilitates the installation of the panels and presents a decrease in cost in terms of grounding equipment and in terms of installation time.
Du fait du cadre en matière plastique et/ou composite, la partie de chant de l'âme en alvéoles est bien protégée des conditions climatiques externes.  Due to the plastic and / or composite frame, the edge portion of the honeycomb core is well protected from external climatic conditions.
En prévoyant un cadre en plusieurs parties, le montage des panneaux est très rapide et précis et on est moins sujet à des problèmes de tolérances que présentent souvent des pièces en matière plastique et ainsi garantit une étanchéité de l'ensemble.  By providing a frame in several parts, the assembly of panels is very fast and accurate and is less subject to tolerance problems that often have plastic parts and thus ensures a seal of the assembly.
Le panneau photovoltaïque selon l'invention peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes prises seules ou en combinaison :  The photovoltaic panel according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following characteristics taken alone or in combination:
Selon un aspect, les alvéoles de la plaque support peuvent être des nids d'abeille ou alors des alvéoles de section rectangulaire s'étendant parallèlement au plan défini par le laminât.  In one aspect, the cells of the support plate may be honeycombs or cells of rectangular section extending parallel to the plane defined by the laminate.
Le laminât de cellules photovoltaïques peut être collé sur la plaque de support, mais une fixation par des moyens mécaniques, par exemple des clips est aussi envisageable.  The laminate of photovoltaic cells can be glued to the support plate, but fixing by mechanical means, for example clips is also possible.
Chaque profilé longitudinal présente par exemple en section transversale une forme générale en U dont les branches sont dirigées l'une vers l'autre pour exercer un effort de serrage entre le laminât et la plaque de support. Les branches des profilés longitudinaux font notamment un angle compris entre 5 et 15° avec le fond du U. Each longitudinal section has for example in cross section a generally U-shaped whose branches are directed towards each other to exert a clamping force between the laminate and the support plate. The branches of the longitudinal profiles include an angle between 5 and 15 ° with the bottom of the U.
Les profilés longitudinaux peuvent être réalisés en matière composite, en particulier en étant renforcés par des fibres de verre. Les profilés longitudinaux comprennent par exemple une matrice de polyester. The longitudinal profiles may be made of composite material, in particular by being reinforced with glass fibers. The longitudinal sections comprise for example a polyester matrix.
Les portions en forme de coin présentent en particulier un creux externe facilitant l'évacuation de l'eau et de salissures. The wedge-shaped portions have in particular an outer hollow facilitating the evacuation of water and dirt.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les portions formant coin présentent deux sections de profilés à angle droit et le creux externe fait un angle compris entre 0° et 55°, notamment de 45° par rapport à une des deux sections de profilé. According to one embodiment, the corner portions have two sections of right-angled sections and the outer hollow makes an angle of between 0 ° and 55 ° , in particular 45 ° with respect to one of the two section sections.
Chaque portion en forme de coin présente par exemple au niveau du creux une plaquette de renfort de forme générale en L dont les extrémités servent de butées pour les profilés longitudinaux lors de l'assemblage. Each wedge-shaped portion has for example at the hollow a reinforcing plate of general L-shaped whose ends serve as stops for the longitudinal profiles during assembly.
Les portions en forme de coin peuvent être réalisées d'une seule pièce, notamment par moulage. The wedge-shaped portions may be made in one piece, in particular by molding.
La plaque de support présente en particulier une épaisseur comprise entre 5-50mm, plus spécifiquement 15 et 30mm, et notamment 20mm. Selon un mode de réalisation possible, l'âme alvéolaire est recouverte de chaque côté d'une peau rigide renforcée par des fibres de verre. The support plate has in particular a thickness between 5-50mm, more specifically 15 and 30mm, and in particular 20mm. According to a possible embodiment, the cellular core is covered on each side with a rigid skin reinforced with glass fibers.
Une des peaux rigides peut être recouverte d'un feutre de matière plastique pour faciliter le collage du laminât de cellules photovoltaïques sur la plaque de support. L'invention concerne également un procédé d'assemblage d'un panneau photovoltaïque tel que défini ci-dessus dans lequel : One of the rigid skins may be covered with a plastic felt to facilitate gluing the laminate of photovoltaic cells on the support plate. The invention also relates to a method of assembling a photovoltaic panel as defined above in which:
- on fixe le laminât sur la plaque de support, the laminate is fixed on the support plate,
- on rapporte les profilés longitudinaux sur les chants, et  the longitudinal profiles are reported on the edges, and
- on fixe ensuite les portions formant coin.  the wedge portions are then fixed.
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques apparaîtront à la lecture de la description de l'invention, ainsi que des figures suivantes parmi lesquelles : Other advantages and characteristics will appear on reading the description of the invention, as well as the following figures among which:
- la figure 1 montre un panneau photovoltaïque selon l'invention à l'état assemblé, FIG. 1 shows a photovoltaic panel according to the invention in the assembled state,
- la figure 2 montre de façon schématique en vue de dessus un laminât de cellules photovoltaïques, FIG. 2 schematically shows a plan view of a laminate of photovoltaic cells,
- la figure 3A montre de façon schématique en perspective un premier exemple d'une plaque de support en matière plastique présentant une âme en nids d'abeille, FIG. 3A schematically shows in perspective a first example of a plastic support plate having a honeycomb core,
- la figure 3B montre de façon schématique en perspective un second exemple d'une plaque de support en matière plastique présentant une âme alvéolaire de sections rectangulaire, FIG. 3B schematically shows in perspective a second example of a plastic support plate having a cellular core of rectangular sections,
- la figure 4 montre selon une vue simplifiée une vue en coupe transversale du laminât de cellules photovoltaïques collé sur la plaque de support présentant une âme en nids d'abeille, - Figure 4 shows in a simplified view a cross-sectional view of the laminate of photovoltaic cells glued to the support plate having a core honeycomb,
- la figure 5 montre une vue simplifiée en coupe transversale du panneau photovoltaïque selon l'invention, - la figure 6 est une vue agrandie en coupe de la figure 5 montrant en détail un profilé du panneau photovoltaïque selon l'invention, FIG. 5 shows a simplified cross-sectional view of the photovoltaic panel according to the invention, FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of FIG. 5 showing in detail a profile of the photovoltaic panel according to the invention,
- la figure 7 montre selon une vue en perspective un exemple d'une portion en forme de coin permettant de raccorder les profilés longitudinaux de protection, et FIG. 7 shows, in perspective view, an example of a wedge-shaped portion making it possible to connect the longitudinal protection profiles, and
- la figure 8 est une vue schématique de dessus d'une portion en forme de coin de la figure 7. FIG. 8 is a schematic view from above of a wedge-shaped portion of FIG. 7.
Sur les figures, les éléments identiques sont identifiés par les mêmes références. Les réalisations suivantes sont des exemples. Bien que la description se réfère à un ou plusieurs modes de réalisation, ceci ne signifie pas nécessairement que chaque référence concerne le même mode de réalisation, ou que les caractéristiques s'appliquent seulement à un seul mode de réalisation. De simples caractéristiques de différents modes de réalisation peuvent également être combinées pour fournir d'autres réalisations. In the figures, the identical elements are identified by the same references. The following achievements are examples. Although the description refers to one or more embodiments, this does not necessarily mean that each reference relates to the same embodiment, or that the features apply only to a single embodiment. Simple features of different embodiments may also be combined to provide other embodiments.
Dans la description, on peut indexer certains éléments ou paramètres, comme par exemple premier élément ou second élément ainsi que premier paramètre et second paramètre ou encore premier critère et second critère etc. Dans ce cas, il s'agit d'un simple indexage pour différencier et dénommer des éléments ou paramètres ou critères proches mais non identiques. Cette indexation n'implique pas une priorité d'un élément, paramètre ou critère par rapport à un autre et on peut aisément interchanger de telles dénominations sans sortir du cadre de la présente description.  In the description, it is possible to index certain elements or parameters, such as for example first element or second element as well as first parameter and second parameter, or first criterion and second criterion, and so on. In this case, it is a simple indexing to differentiate and name elements or parameters or criteria close but not identical. This indexing does not imply a priority of one element, parameter or criterion with respect to another, and it is easy to interchange such denominations without departing from the scope of the present description.
Par matériau « composite », on entend un assemblage d'au moins deux composants non miscibles (mais ayant une forte capacité de pénétration) et non métallique dont les propriétés se complètent. Le nouveau matériau ainsi constitué est électriquement isolant et hétérogène, possède des propriétés que les composants seuls ne possèdent pas. By "composite" material is meant an assembly of at least two immiscible components (but having a high penetration capacity) and non-metallic components whose properties complement each other. The new material thus formed is electrically insulating and heterogeneous, has properties that the components alone do not possess.
On va décrire un panneau photovoltaïque 1 selon l'invention en regard des figures 1 à 8. La figure 1 montre un panneau photovoltaïque 1 à l'état assemblé. Ce panneau photovoltaïque comprend un laminât 3 de cellules photovoltaïques 5 (voir figure 2).  A photovoltaic panel 1 according to the invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8. FIG. 1 shows a photovoltaic panel 1 in the assembled state. This photovoltaic panel comprises a laminate 3 of photovoltaic cells 5 (see FIG. 2).
Un laminât 3 de cellules photovoltaïque 5 est bien connu en soi par exemple du document FR 2 934 418. Il s'agit notamment de cellules photovoltaïques 5 connectées électriquement les unes aux autres de façon connue et encapsulées entre des couches 6 de résine et/ou de polymères qui peuvent être éventuellement renforcées notamment par des tissus tissés ou intissés de fibres de verre (voir figure 4). Les cellules photovoltaïques 5 sont par exemple des cellules en silicium mono cristallin qui permettent le rendement le plus important à l'heure actuelle, mais d'autres types de cellules photovoltaïques peuvent également être envisagés. A laminate 3 of photovoltaic cells 5 is well known per se, for example from document FR 2 934 418. These include photovoltaic cells 5 electrically connected to each other in a known manner and encapsulated between layers 6 of resin and / or of polymers which may optionally be reinforced, in particular by woven or non-woven fabrics of glass fibers (see FIG. 4). Photovoltaic cells 5 are, for example, mono-crystalline silicon cells which allow the greatest yield at present, but other types of photovoltaic cells can also be envisaged.
Le laminât 3 de cellules photovoltaïques 5 est collé sur une plaque de support 7 en matière plastique présentant une âme 9 à alvéoles notamment en nids d'abeille (voir figure 3A) ou d'alvéoles de section rectangulaire (voir figure 3B). The laminate 3 of photovoltaic cells 5 is bonded to a support plate 7 made of plastic material having a core 9 with cells, in particular honeycomb cells (see FIG. 3A) or cells of rectangular section (see FIG. 3B).
La plaque de support 7 présente par exemple une épaisseur comprise entre 5- 50mm, plus particulièrement 15 et 30mm, notamment 20mm. The support plate 7 has for example a thickness between 5-50mm, more particularly 15 and 30mm, especially 20mm.
Comme on le voit sur la figure 3A, l'âme 9 en nid d'abeille est recouverte de chaque côté d'une peau rigide 11 qui peut être renforcée par des fibres notamment de verre. C'est cette structure qui confère au panneau photovoltaïque sa rigidité tout en présentant un poids très faible permettant d'être supporté par des toits de bâtiments industriels de faible portance. As can be seen in FIG. 3A, the honeycomb core 9 is covered on each side with a rigid skin 11 which can be reinforced by fibers, especially glass fibers. It is this structure that gives the photovoltaic panel rigidity while having a very low weight to be supported by roofs of industrial buildings of low lift.
L'exemple de la figure 3B présente l'avantage que les alvéoles s'étendent parallèlement au plan défini par le laminât 3 et qu'il n'y a pas besoin de peaux rigides 11 comme sur la figure 3A. Ceci permet d'alléger davantage le poids du panneau photovoltaïque 1. The example of Figure 3B has the advantage that the cells extend parallel to the plane defined by the laminate 3 and that there is no need for rigid skins 11 as in Figure 3A. This makes it possible to further lighten the weight of the photovoltaic panel 1.
Pour faciliter la fixation selon le mode de réalisation des figures 3A et 4, par exemple par collage, du laminât 3 avec la plaque de support 7, cette dernière présente de plus sur une des peaux rigides 11 un feutre 13 de matière plastique. To facilitate fixing according to the embodiment of Figures 3A and 4, for example by gluing, laminate 3 with the support plate 7, the latter further has on one of the rigid skins 11 a felt 13 of plastic.
Comme colle pouvant être utilisée pour fixer le laminât 3 sur le support 7, on peut par exemple utiliser une colle de polyuréthane. D'autre méthodes ou matériaux de fixation peuvent être utilisé comme les résines du laminât 3 ou la soudure à chaud ou encore des moyens de fixation mécanique comme des clips. As glue that can be used to fix the laminate 3 on the support 7, one can for example use a polyurethane glue. Other methods or fastening materials may be used such as laminate resins 3 or heat sealing or mechanical fastening means such as clips.
Pour protéger le chant 15, c'est-à-dire les côtés latéraux du panneau photovoltaïque 1, ce dernier comprend de plus un cadre 17 en matière plastique et/ou composite. To protect the edge 15, that is to say the lateral sides of the photovoltaic panel 1, the latter further comprises a frame 17 made of plastic and / or composite material.
Ce cadre est directement assemblé ou rapporté, notamment par collage, sur l'ensemble assemblé formé par le laminât 3 et la plaque de support 7. This frame is directly assembled or attached, in particular by gluing, to the assembled assembly formed by the laminate 3 and the support plate 7.
Ce cadre est formé de huit pièces à savoir quatre profilés longitudinaux 19 de protection latérale du laminât 3 de cellules photovoltaïque s 5 et de la plaque de support 7 et quatre portions 21 en forme de coin raccordant lesdits profilés 19 entre eux pour former avec ceux-ci un cadre fermé. Comme cela est montré en détail sur la figure 6, chaque profilé longitudinal 19 présente en coupe transversale une forme générale en U dont les branches 23A et 23B sont dirigées l'une vers l'autre pour exercer un effort de serrage entre le laminât 3 et la plaque de support 7. Les branches 23A et 23B font un angle compris entre 5 et 15° avec le fond 25 du U. De plus, on forme ainsi une poche longitudinale 27 qui peut par exemple être remplie de silicone pour améliorer l'étanchéité et pour assurer le collage du profilé 19 contre l'ensemble formé par le laminât 3 et la plaque de support 7. This frame is formed of eight pieces, namely four longitudinal protection profiles 19 of the laminate 3 of photovoltaic cells 5 and of the support plate 7 and four wedge-shaped portions 21 connecting said profiles 19 to form with them. This is a closed frame. As shown in detail in FIG. 6, each longitudinal section 19 has a generally U-shaped cross-sectional shape. whose branches 23A and 23B are directed toward each other to exert a clamping force between the laminate 3 and the support plate 7. The branches 23A and 23B make an angle between 5 and 15 ° with the bottom 25 In addition, a longitudinal pocket 27 is thus formed, which may for example be filled with silicone to improve the sealing and to ensure the gluing of the profile 19 against the assembly formed by the laminate 3 and the support plate 7.
Selon une possible réalisation, on enduit l'intérieur du U du profilé longitudinal 19 de silicone, puis on rapporte le profilé longitudinal 19 sur le chant 15. Lors de cet assemblage, le surplus de silicone va se loger dans la poche longitudinale 27 et assurer comme noté ci-dessus le collage et l'étanchéité. According to one possible embodiment, the inside of the U is coated with the longitudinal profile 19 of silicone, then the longitudinal profile 19 is brought back to the edge 15. During this assembly, the excess silicone will be housed in the longitudinal pocket 27 and ensure as noted above the bonding and sealing.
Pour assurer une bonne tenue mécanique, les profilés longitudinaux 19 sont réalisés en matière composite électriquement isolant, par exemple une matrice de polyester, en particulier renforcé par des fibres de verre. A titre d'exemple, un tel composite comprend 20% à 60% massique de résine. Les profilés longitudinaux 19 sont par exemple réalisés par extrusion permettant d'avoir un coût de fabrication particulièrement compétitif. Les portions 21 en forme de coin sont en matière plastique, notamment en la même matière que celle des profilés longitudinaux 19. Les portions 21 en forme de coin peuvent être réalisées d'une seule pièce, notamment par procédé d'injection. To ensure good mechanical strength, the longitudinal sections 19 are made of electrically insulating composite material, for example a polyester matrix, in particular reinforced with glass fibers. By way of example, such a composite comprises 20% to 60% by mass of resin. Longitudinal profiles 19 are for example made by extrusion to have a particularly competitive manufacturing cost. The wedge-shaped portions 21 are made of plastics material, in particular of the same material as the longitudinal profiles 19. The wedge-shaped portions 21 can be made in one piece, in particular by an injection method.
Les portions 21 formant coin présentent deux sections 21A et 21B de profilés à angle droit. Selon une variante, on prévoit de réaliser les portions 21 en forme de coin dans une autre matière, en particulier plus souple (par exemple un élastomère) que les profilés longitudinaux 19 pour faciliter l'assemblage. The corner portions 21 have two sections 21A and 21B of right angle profiles. According to one variant, provision is made to make the wedge-shaped portions 21 in another material, in particular more flexible (for example an elastomer) than the longitudinal profiles 19 to facilitate assembly.
Au regard de la figure 7 montrant une vue en perspective d'une portion 21 formant coin, on voit que celle-ci présente un creux externe 29 formant rigole et facilitant l'évacuation de l'eau et de salissures lorsque le panneau solaire est installé légèrement penché par rapport à l'horizontale. Referring to Figure 7 showing a perspective view of a portion 21 forming a wedge, we see that it has an outer hollow forming a channel 29 and facilitating the evacuation of water and dirt when the solar panel is installed slightly leaning in relation to the horizontal.
Le creux externe 29 fait par exemple un angle compris entre 0° et 55°, notamment de 45° par rapport à une des deux sections 21A et 21B de profilé. The outer hollow 29 is for example an angle between 0 ° and 55 ° , in particular 45 ° relative to one of the two section sections 21A and 21B.
Les portions 21 en forme de coin présentent de plus au niveau du creux externe 29 une plaquette de renfort 31 de forme générale en L dont les extrémités 33 peuvent servir de butées pour les profilés longitudinaux 19 lors de l'assemblage. On comprend donc que le panneau photovoltaïque 1 selon l'invention ne présente pas de pièces métalliques en surface de sorte qu'il n'y a plus besoin de raccorder chaque panneau photovoltaïque à la terre lors de l'installation, ce qui est un gain important en termes de temps d'installation, en coût de matière pour les câbles de connexion à la terre et en termes de sécurité. Ceci permet aussi d'alléger davantage l'installation sur un toit d'un bâtiment industriel par exemple. The wedge-shaped portions 21 furthermore have, at the level of the external hollow 29, a reinforcement plate 31 of L-shaped shape whose ends 33 may serve as abutments for the longitudinal profiles 19 during assembly. It is therefore understood that the photovoltaic panel 1 according to the invention does not have metal parts on the surface so that there is no longer need to connect each photovoltaic panel to the ground during installation, which is a gain important in terms of installation time, cost of material for the connection cables to the earth and in terms of security. This also makes it possible to further lighten the installation on a roof of an industrial building for example.
L'assemblage d'un panneau photovoltaïque est également très simple : The assembly of a photovoltaic panel is also very simple:
- on fixe le laminât 3 sur la plaque de support 7, the laminate 3 is fixed on the support plate 7,
- on rapporte sur les chants 15 les profilés longitudinaux 19, et - on fixe ensuite les portions 21 formant coin.  - On the edges 15 are reported longitudinal profiles 19, and - then the wedge portions 21 are fixed.
Les deux dernières étapes peuvent être réalisées consécutivement ou en même temps. Dans ce dernier cas, on vient emboîter les deux derniers profilés équipés des coins au préalable. The last two steps can be performed consecutively or at the same time. In the latter case, we just fit the last two profiles with corners beforehand.
On obtient ainsi un panneau photovoltaïque robuste mécaniquement, très léger et facile et rapide à installer. A titre d'exemple, l'épaisseur totale d'un panneau selon l'invention est d'environ 30- 35mm et son poids est compris entre 4-6kg/m2, notamment 4,7 kg/m2.  This gives a mechanically robust photovoltaic panel, very light and easy and quick to install. For example, the total thickness of a panel according to the invention is about 30-35mm and its weight is between 4-6kg / m2, especially 4.7 kg / m2.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Panneau photovoltaïque (1) comprenant : Photovoltaic panel (1) comprising:
- une plaque de support (7) en matière plastique présentant une âme (9) en alvéoles, a support plate (7) made of plastic material having a core (9) in cells,
- un laminât (3) de cellules photovoltaïques (5) fixé sur la plaque de support (7),  a laminate (3) of photovoltaic cells (5) fixed on the support plate (7),
- un cadre (17) en matière plastique et/ou composite comprenant o des profilés longitudinaux (19) de protection latérale du laminât (3) de cellules photovoltaïques (5) et de la plaque de support (7),  a frame (17) of plastic and / or composite material comprising longitudinal protruding sections (19) for lateral protection of the laminate (3) of photovoltaic cells (5) and of the support plate (7),
o des portions (21) en forme de coin raccordant lesdits profilés (19) entre eux pour former avec ceux-ci un cadre fermé (17).  corner-shaped portions (21) connecting said profiles (19) together to form therewith a closed frame (17).
2. Panneau photovoltaïque selon la revendication l,dans lequel les alvéoles de la plaque support (7) sont des nids d'abeille. 2. Photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, wherein the cells of the support plate (7) are honeycombs.
3. Panneau photovoltaïque selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le laminât (3) de cellules photovoltaïques (5) est collé sur la plaque de support (7).  3. Photovoltaic panel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the laminate (3) of photovoltaic cells (5) is bonded to the support plate (7).
4. Panneau photovoltaïque selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel chaque profilé longitudinal (19) présente en section transversale une forme générale en U dont les branches (21 A, 21B) sont dirigées l'une vers l'autre pour exercer un effort de serrage entre le laminât (3) et la plaque de support (7).  4. Photovoltaic panel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each longitudinal section (19) has a generally U-shaped cross section whose branches (21A, 21B) are directed towards each other to exert a clamping force between the laminate (3) and the support plate (7).
5. Panneau photovoltaïque selon la revendication 4, dans lequel les branches (21 A, 21B) font un angle compris entre 5 et 15° avec le fond (25) du U. 5. Photovoltaic panel according to claim 4, wherein the branches (21A, 21B) form an angle between 5 and 15 ° with the bottom (25) of the U.
6. Panneau photovoltaïque selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel les profilés longitudinaux (19) sont réalisés en matière composite. 6. Photovoltaic panel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the longitudinal profiles (19) are made of composite material.
7. Panneau photovoltaïque selon la revendication 6, dans lequel les profilés longitudinaux (19) sont renforcés par des fibres de verre. Photovoltaic panel according to claim 6, wherein the longitudinal profiles (19) are reinforced with glass fibers.
8. Panneau photovoltaïque selon la revendication 6 ou 7, dans lequel les profilés longitudinaux (19) comprennent une matrice de polyester. Photovoltaic panel according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the longitudinal profiles (19) comprise a polyester matrix.
9. Panneau photovoltaïque selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel les portions (21) en forme de coin présentent un creux externe (29) facilitant l'évacuation de l'eau et de salissures.  9. Photovoltaic panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the portions (21) wedge-shaped have an outer recess (29) facilitating the evacuation of water and dirt.
10. Panneau photovoltaïque selon la revendication 9, dans lequel les portions (21) formant coin présentent deux sections de profilés (21 A, 21B) à angle droit et le creux externe (29) fait un angle compris entre 0° et 55°, notamment de 45° par rapport à une des deux sections (21 A ; 21B) de profilé. A photovoltaic panel according to claim 9, wherein the corner portions (21) have two right-angled profile sections (21A, 21B) and the outer recess (29) is at an angle of between 0 ° and 55 ° , in particular 45 ° relative to one of the two sections (21A; 21B) profile.
11. Panneau photovoltaïque selon la revendication 10, dans lequel chaque portion (21) en forme de coin présente au niveau du creux une plaquette (31) de renfort de forme générale en L dont les extrémités servent de butées (33) pour les profilés longitudinaux lors de l'assemblage.  11. Photovoltaic panel according to claim 10, wherein each portion (21) shaped wedge has at the recess a plate (31) of generally L-shaped reinforcement whose ends serve as stops (33) for the longitudinal profiles. during assembly.
12. Panneau photovoltaïque selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, dans lequel les portions (21) en forme de coin sont réalisées d'une seule pièce, notamment par moulage. 12. Photovoltaic panel according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the portions (21) shaped wedge are made in one piece, in particular by molding.
13. Panneau photovoltaïque selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, dans lequel la plaque de support (7) présente une épaisseur comprise entre 5-50mm, plus spécifiquement 15 et 30mm, et notamment 20mm. 13. Photovoltaic panel according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the support plate (7) has a thickness between 5-50mm, more specifically 15 and 30mm, and in particular 20mm.
14. Panneau photovoltaïque selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, dans lequel l'âme (9) alvéolaire est recouverte de chaque côté d'une peau rigide (11) renforcée par des fibres de verre. 14. Photovoltaic panel according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the core (9) is alveolar covered on each side with a rigid skin (11) reinforced with glass fibers.
15. Panneau photovoltaïque selon la revendication 14, dans lequel une des peaux rigides (11) est recouverte d'un feutre (13) de matière plastique pour faciliter le collage du laminât (3) de cellules photovoltaïques (5) sur la plaque de support (7).  15. Photovoltaic panel according to claim 14, wherein one of the rigid skins (11) is covered with a felt (13) of plastic material to facilitate the bonding of the laminate (3) of photovoltaic cells (5) on the support plate (7).
16. Procédé d'assemblage d'un panneau photovoltaïque selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel :  16. A method of assembling a photovoltaic panel according to any one of the preceding claims wherein:
- on fixe le laminât (3) sur la plaque de support (7), the laminate (3) is fixed on the support plate (7),
- on rapporte les profilés longitudinaux (19) sur des chants (15), etthe longitudinal profiles (19) are reported on edges (15), and
- on fixe ensuite les portions (21) formant coin. the wedge portions (21) are then fixed.
EP18740743.2A 2017-06-29 2018-06-28 Photovoltaic panel Withdrawn EP3646460A1 (en)

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FR3068513A1 (en) 2019-01-04
CN110892638A (en) 2020-03-17

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