EP3640410B1 - Transport anchor - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention relates to a transport anchor for reinforced concrete walls with two spaced-apart wall shells with a bracket that has a curved central section for suspending attachment means and bracket legs that are at least partially straight and parallel to one another and can be embedded in wall panels. Between the bracket legs in the area of their upper end at the middle section, a pressure rod is arranged, which is not rigidly connected to the loads to be absorbed with these, with a sliding shoe for the respective bracket leg is arranged on at least one end of the pressure rod, which the pressure rod in its longitudinal direction with a bottom wall and two side walls as well as with an end wall at the front, the end wall of the sliding shoe opposite the respective bracket leg being designed as a sliding surface for this, and the side walls of the sliding shoe extending beyond the end of the pressure rod and there as side guides for the respective Bracket legs are formed in the longitudinal direction.

STATE OF THE ART

A transport anchor is off, for example DE 10 2005 009 708 B4 known. The compression rod is formed there from a flexible material such as wood, plastic or textile fiber concrete. The bracket legs are each inserted into end-side, channel-shaped recesses of the pressure rod. The bracket legs are held together in their parallel alignment by a bracket in the end area of the bracket legs, which overlaps them in a U-shape. At the same time, the pressure rod is thereby clamped between them.

at DE 297 06 644 U1 or DE 100 38 249 A1 steel pressure rods are welded onto the bracket legs. With these types of anchors, however, due to this rigid connection in the area of the pressure elements under load, concrete spalling occurs. The concrete spalling weakens the anchorage and can lead to the fact that the bracket legs of the transport anchor tear out of the wall shells and the transport anchor comes loose unintentionally. This is avoided with the not rigidly connected pressure rods made of wood, because the bracket legs in the area of the pressure rod can deform under the tensile forces and stretch in length. In As a rule, these pressure rods have a relatively large cross-section and therefore offer a correspondingly large area for absorbing moisture. They therefore form potential moisture bridges between the wall shells.

the DE 102011055 142 A1 relates to a double wall with a first shell, a second shell - in particular parallel to the first shell - and with at least one transport anchor. The transport anchor comprises a bracket with two legs and a pressure rod arranged between the legs. The compression rod has a transmission element, in particular an elastic element, at at least one end. This is in full-surface contact with the first shell and increases the force exerted area of the forces exerted by the pressure rod on the first shell.

the DE202014103774 U1 relates to a hollow wall anchor, consisting of an elongated metal part with a substantially constant cross section, which is bent into a U-shape, and that is defined by a 180 ° U-bend and two U-legs extending in parallel planes, which is defined by a Cross brace are connected to each other. The U-shaped metal part consists of a steel wire rope.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The object of the invention is to further improve the transport anchors, which have been tried and tested per se.

This object is achieved by the measures specified in claim 1.

Preferred embodiments of the invention emerge from the dependent claims, the description and the drawings.

The transport anchor according to the invention comprises a bracket, for example made of steel, which has a curved central section for attaching slings, for example a crane hook or a snap hook, and at least partially straight and parallel bracket legs connected to it on both sides for embedding in wall shells. A pressure rod is arranged between the bracket legs in the area of their upper ends, at the transition to the central section. This pressure rod is not rigidly connected to the two bracket legs. Since there is no rigid connection to the compression rod, the bracket legs can slide along the end faces of the compression rod when they deform under tension in the area of the compression rod, in particular under expansion. Such a compression rod can be made thin in its cross-section compared to the compression rod made of wood known from the prior art, which correspondingly reduces the absorption of moisture and the resulting moisture bridges to the wall shells. According to the invention, this sliding is facilitated by a sliding shoe. Such a sliding shoe is arranged on at least one end of the pressure rod for the respective bracket leg. The sliding shoe comprises a bottom wall and two side walls as well as an end wall. The pressure rod is encompassed in its longitudinal direction with a bottom wall and two side walls by the sliding shoe and on the front side by its end wall. The front wall of the The sliding shoe is designed as a sliding surface for the respective bracket leg.

The side walls of the sliding shoe extend beyond the end of the pressure rod and serve there as side guides for the respective bracket limb in its longitudinal direction. The sliding shoe is made at least partially from punching and bending from a flat material such as sheet steel. This process is simple and cost effective.

The compression rod is preferably made of steel as a solid rod (solid rod). Such a rod does not represent a moisture bridge between the wall shells. The rod can, for example, have a round or, alternatively, an angular cross-section.

In a further embodiment, a rod can also be used, which represents a hollow body with a round or angular cross-section.

In a preferred embodiment, the bottom wall merges into the end wall with a rounded edge, thereby preventing the end wall from notching into the bracket leg under load.

To secure the slide shoe on the pressure rod, the side walls of the slide shoe grip around the pressure rod in its longitudinal direction, preferably by means of first edge sections bent against one another in a form-fitting manner.

So that the stirrup leg can be held in abutment against the end wall of the sliding shoe, the side wall of the sliding shoe encompasses the respective stirrup leg in a form-fitting manner in its longitudinal direction, preferably by means of second edge sections bent against one another.

In one embodiment of the transport anchor according to the invention, the end wall of the sliding shoe, which is designed as a sliding surface, or a side of the sliding shoe facing the pressure rod or the respective stirrup leg is provided with a layer or coating of a for the respective stirrup leg more slippery material than the material of the sliding shoe, moreover, is provided. In this way, the sliding of the stirrup leg along the end face of the sliding shoe is improved.

In one embodiment of the invention, the bracket leg is connected to the slide shoe by means of a spot weld. This welded connection is made before the transport anchor is installed in the two wall shells and secures the cohesion of the parts and the position of the compression rod. This connection can be released under the forces that occur when transporting double-shell walls.

In a further embodiment, the sliding shoe is made at least partially from cast steel.

In a further embodiment, the sliding shoe is designed as a sleeve, for example made of steel. To secure the slide shoe on the compression rod, the sleeve encompasses the compression rod in a form-fitting manner in its longitudinal direction. The side walls, the bottom walls and the end wall are formed by the sleeve. The sleeve therefore has a total of four slots at one of its two ends, which form four edge sections. Two of the four edge sections encompass the respective stirrup leg in its longitudinal direction. The other two edge sections are curved and at least one of these two edge sections forms the end wall.

The bracket of the transport anchor according to the invention is preferably made of smooth steel or a steel cable, in particular with a round cross-section. One advantage of using smooth steel is that the bracket legs are in the wall shells of the reinforced concrete wall rigid bracket can be designed so that it protrudes above the double shell wall in particular. When applying tensile forces, it can also better adapt to the respective tensile angle.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compression rod is made of inexpensive rebar steel, preferably with a round cross section.

Due to the use of the sliding shoe, it is not necessary to make the ends of the compression rod particularly smooth. It can be cut to length from a longer piece in the usual way. There is no need for additional reworking, since irregularities are compensated for by the surface of the front wall of the sliding block.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a sliding shoe is provided on both ends of the pressure rod.

In addition to the pressure rod, a cross connection is provided between the bracket legs in the area of their lower free ends, which keeps the two bracket legs at a mutual distance, so that a clamping pressure is generated on the compression rod.

Furthermore, the transport anchor according to the invention comprises an additional longitudinal anchoring of the bracket legs in the wall shells. This additional anchoring as well as the aforementioned cross connection of the bracket legs is realized in one embodiment of the invention by a rod, preferably made of steel, which is welded to the bracket legs in the area of their lower free ends, preferably protruding transversely.

In one embodiment of the transport anchor according to the invention, a ribbed concrete rod is welded as additional longitudinal anchoring in the wall shells at their lower free ends, preferably extending and preferably overlapping. These rods can be relatively thin, as their rib structure favors a fixation in the concrete wall shell. A cross connection between the two bracket legs can be made here with a rod which is welded with its end faces to the bracket legs. Since this rod does not have to contribute anything to the longitudinal anchoring of the stirrup legs, it does not need to protrude beyond them.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a U-shaped bent concrete rib bar is provided as additional longitudinal anchoring of the stirrup legs and preferably at the same time to form a cross connection. This U-shaped concrete rib bar is welded with its U-legs to the free ends of the bracket legs, preferably extending them and preferably overlapping with them.

In this embodiment, the U-shaped bent concrete rib bar is further preferably welded to the free ends of the bracket legs in such a way that its U-legs are directed upwards and its bent sections come to lie below. Because there are practically no tensile forces that could cause concrete spalling in the area where the bent sections emerge from the wall shells. The tensile forces can already be effectively introduced into the concrete of the wall shells through the u-legs arranged above.

The above-described embodiments at the free ends of the bracket legs to form a cross connection and / or to form an additional longitudinal anchoring of the bracket legs in the wall shells form an independent inventive concept that may still be claimed within the scope of a divisional application, regardless of the solution primarily claimed here with at least one Sliding shoe.

In further embodiments, the slide shoe is designed as an at least two-part slide bearing. This comprises a hook element with an attached slide rail and a slide bearing bushing that completely or partially surrounds the slide rail and the pressure rod. Typically, the hook element is designed to grip around the respective bracket leg, preferably by means of a snap or clamp connection. The set The slide rail of the hook element serves to reduce the sliding friction, so that tilting between the slide bearing bushing, in particular burrs on the edges of the slide bearing bushing and the pressure rod or the respective bracket leg, is significantly reduced. In addition, it is not necessary to reduce the roughness of the surface, in particular the surface properties of the side walls, by grinding, so that the production of the sliding shoe is more efficient. In addition, the hook element allows the pressure rod and the slide shoe to be easily attached to the respective bracket leg, which makes assembly easier.

In embodiments in which the sliding shoe is designed as a two-part sliding bearing, the end wall of the sliding shoe can be formed by the hook element and the side walls by the sliding bearing bush.

In some embodiments, the hook element with the attached slide rail has a more slidable material than the material of the sliding bearing bushing or consists of a material that is more slippery than the material of the sliding bearing bushing. The plain bearing bush is typically made of metal, in particular steel. In some embodiments, the material of the hook element is softer than the material of the plain bearing bushing and / or the pressure rod.

In some embodiments, the more lubricious material of the hook element is a polymeric material such as polyethylene or polypropylene.

EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES

Fig. 1

unter a) eine Ansicht von Vorne auf den Transportanker in einer ersten Ausführungsform unter b.) eine Ansicht von der Seite auf den Transportanker in der ersten Ausführungsform

Fig. 2

unter a). eine Ansicht von Vorne auf den Transportanker in einer zweite Ausführungsform unter b.) eine Ansicht von der Seite auf den Transportanker in der zweite Ausführungsform

Fig. 3

unter a). eine Ansicht von Vorne auf den Transportanker in einer dritte Ausführungsform unter b.) eine Ansicht von der Seite auf den Transportanker in der dritte Ausführungsform

Fig. 4

unter a). eine Ansicht von Vorne auf den Transportanker in einer vierte Ausführungsform unter b.) eine Ansicht von der Seite auf den Transportanker in der vierte Ausführungsform

Fig. 5

am Bespiel der vierten Ausführungsform die Anordnung des erfindungsgemässen Transportankers in zwei Wandschalen einer Stahlbetonwand

Fig. 6

unter a) einen Abschnitt eines Bügelschenkels sowie einen Gleitschuh und einen Abschnitt des Druckstabs in einer Ansicht von Vorne Unter b.) eine perspektivische Ansicht auf einen Gleitschuh

Fig. 7

unter a) eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Transportankers gemäss einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung.

The invention is to be explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments in connection with the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1

under a) a view from the front of the transport anchor in a first embodiment under b.) a view from the side of the transport anchor in the first embodiment

Fig. 2

under a). a view from the front of the transport anchor in a second embodiment under b.) a view from the side of the transport anchor in the second embodiment

Fig. 3

under a). a view from the front of the transport anchor in a third embodiment under b.) a view from the side of the transport anchor in the third embodiment

Fig. 4

under a). a view from the front of the transport anchor in a fourth embodiment under b.) a view from the side of the transport anchor in the fourth embodiment

Fig. 5

using the example of the fourth embodiment, the arrangement of the transport anchor according to the invention in two wall shells of a reinforced concrete wall

Fig. 6

under a) a section of a bracket leg and a sliding shoe and a section of the pressure rod in a view from the front. Under b.) a perspective view of a sliding shoe

Fig. 7

under a) a perspective view of a transport anchor according to a further embodiment of the invention.

WAYS OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

In Fig. 1 is shown under a.) an embodiment of the inventive transport anchor 1 in a view from the front. This comprises a bracket 2 with a central section 21 and two bracket legs 22A and 22B. The middle section 21 is set up for this purpose, a lifting device, for example a crane hook (in Fig. 1 not visible). The two parallel bracket legs 22A and 22B are fixed in two spaced apart wall shells (in Fig. 1 these wall shells are not shown). The two bracket legs 22A and 22B adjoin the central section 21 and are straight in the present embodiment. A pressure rod 3 runs between the two bracket legs 22A and 22B at their upper end at the transition to the central section 21. The pressure rod 3 is embedded with its ends in the wall shells, but not rigidly connected to the bracket legs 22A, 22B. The latter is important so that the two bracket legs 22A, 22B can slide along the compression rod 3 under tension (tensile force Z). In order to facilitate sliding, a sliding shoe 4A, 4B for the respective bracket leg 22A, 22B is arranged on at least one end of the pressure rod 3, which the pressure rod 3 in its longitudinal direction with a bottom wall 41A, 41B and two side walls 42A and 42B and at the end with a End wall 43A, 43B engages around. The two end walls 43A, 43B form a sliding surface F for the two bracket legs 22A, 22B. In the in Fig. 1 The embodiment shown have the two side walls 42A, 42B of the sliding shoe on first edge sections 421, 422 which are bent relative to one another and which encompass the compression rod 3 in a form-fitting manner in its longitudinal direction. Furthermore, these also have second edge sections 423, 424 which are bent relative to one another and which positively engage around the respective bracket legs 22A, 22B in its longitudinal direction.

Between the bracket legs 22A, 22B, a cross connection is provided in the area of their lower free ends, which keeps the two bracket legs at a mutual distance, so that a clamping pressure is generated on the pressure rod 3. In the in Fig. 1 The embodiment shown is a rod 6, which is preferably made of steel and is welded to the bracket legs 22A, 22B in the region of their lower free ends. The fact that the rod 6 protrudes slightly transversely over the bracket legs 22A, 22B (while leaving a sufficient concrete cover) results in an additional longitudinal anchoring of the bracket legs 22A, 22B in the wall shells in addition to a transverse connection.

In Fig. 1 a side view of the transport anchor 1 is shown under b.). In this view, the central section 21 and the bracket legs 22A of the bracket 2 are visible. One of the two sliding blocks 4A and the side wall 42A are also shown, which positively encompasses the bracket leg 22A in its longitudinal direction by means of second edge sections 423 bent against each other. The rod 6, which serves as a cross connection and as an additional longitudinal anchorage for the bracket legs in the wall shells, is also visible in cross section. This rod protrudes across the two bracket legs (shown under a.)).

Fig. 2 shows under a.) a second embodiment of the transport anchor 1 according to the invention in a view from the front. The difference to the first embodiment lies in the cross connection of the two bracket legs 22A and 22B and in their additional longitudinal anchoring in the wall shells. According to the second embodiment, in the area of the lower free ends of the bracket legs, a straight rod 6 'runs transversely to these, but which does not protrude beyond the two bracket legs. This rod 6 'is made thinner compared to the compression rod 3 and is not necessarily made of steel.

As additional longitudinal anchoring of the bracket legs in the wall shells, a ribbed concrete rod 6A, 6B is welded to their lower free ends, extending and overlapping them.

Fig. 2 shows under b.) in a side view of the transport anchor 1 according to the invention the extension of the bracket leg 22A by the rod 6A. Furthermore, the overlap of the bracket leg 22A by the rod 6A is clearly visible.

Fig. 3 shows under a.) a third embodiment of the inventive lifting anchor 1 in a view from the front. The difference to the first and second embodiment lies in the cross connection of the two bracket legs 22A, 22B and in their additional longitudinal anchoring in the wall shells. According to Fig. 3 a U-shaped bent concrete rib bar 7 with legs 71, 72 is provided for this purpose. This ribbed concrete rod 7 is welded with its legs 71, 72 to the free ends of the bracket legs 22A, 22B, extending them and overlapping them.

Fig. 3 shows under b.) a side view of the third embodiment of the inventive lifting anchor 1. The extension of the bracket leg 22A with the leg 72 of the U-shaped bent concrete rod 7 and the overlap in the area of the lower free end of the bracket leg 22A is visible.

Fig. 4 shows under a.) a fourth embodiment of the inventive lifting anchor 1 in a view from the front. In contrast to the third embodiment, the U-shaped bent concrete rib bar 7 is welded with your legs pointing upwards to the free ends of the bracket legs 22A, 22B.

Fig. 4 shows under b.) a side view of the fourth embodiment of the inventive lifting anchor 1. The extension of the bracket leg 22A with the leg 72 of the U-shaped bent concrete rod 7 and the overlap in the area of the lower free end of the bracket leg 22A is visible.

Fig. 5 shows the fourth embodiment of the inventive transport anchor 1 embedded in a first and a second wall shell S1, S2 of a reinforced concrete double wall.

Fig. 6 shows under a.) a section of a bracket leg 22A as well as a sliding shoe 4A and a section of the pressure rod 3 in a view from the front. As in Fig. 6 visible, the side walls 42A of the sliding shoe 4A extend beyond the end of the pressure rod 3. she serve as side guides for the bracket leg 22A in its longitudinal direction. The side wall 42A has a second bendable edge section 423 which positively engages around the bracket leg 22A in its longitudinal direction. The end wall 43A (in Fig. 6 Visible under b.)) forms a sliding surface F opposite the bracket leg 22A. The bottom wall 41A merges with the end wall with a rounded edge.

Fig. 6 shows under b.) a perspective view of a sliding block 4A with a bottom wall 41A, two side walls 42A with a second edge section 423 for a positive connection with a bracket leg and an end wall 43A. Furthermore, the first edge sections 421 are also visible, which in a bent shape encompass the compression rod 3 in the longitudinal direction (not visible in this figure). The slide shoe shown is produced by punching and bending from a flat material, in particular a sheet steel.

Fig. 7 shows under a) a perspective view of a transport anchor 1 with two sliding shoes 4A and 4B, which are each designed as a two-part sliding bearing. The slide bearings have a hook element 44 with an attached slide rail 441 and a slide bearing bushing 45 which at least partially surrounds the slide rail 441 and the pressure rod 3. The plain bearing bush 45 forms two side walls 42A and 42B.

Fig. 7 shows under b) a perspective view of the transport anchor from Figure 7a .), whereby the plain bearing bush is not shown for a better overview. The slide rail 441 of the hook element 44 forms an additional slide surface 442 between the pressure rod 3 and the slide bearing bush 45, as a result of which the sliding friction is reduced. At the end of the slide rail, this has a locking lug 442, over which the slide bearing bushing can be pushed in the direction of the bracket leg 22A or 22B and which is designed to prevent the slide bearing bushing from sliding again in the opposite direction.

In general, the assembly can include the following steps: The plain bearing bushing 45 is pushed onto the pressure rod 3, then the hook element 44 is slipped onto the pressure rod 3 and then the pressure rod 3 is attached to the bracket leg 22A by means of the hook element 44, preferably by clamping. The plain bearing bushing is then pushed over locking lug 442 and slide rail 442.

Fig. 8 shows under a) a hook element 44 with slide rail 441. The hook element 44 also forms the end wall 43A.

Fig. 8 shows under b) a plain bearing bushing 45 with side wall 42A and bottom wall 41.

DESIGNATION LIST

1

Transport anchor

2

hanger

21

Middle section

22A, 22B

Stirrup legs

3

Compression rod

Z

traction

4A, 4B

Sliding shoe

41A, 41B

Bottom wall

42A, 42B

Sidewalls

43A, 43B

End walls

421, 422

bent first edge sections

423, 424

bent second edge sections

44

Hook element

441

Slide rail

442

Locking lug

45

Plain bearing bush

6, 6 '

Rod

6A, 6B

Concrete rib bar

7th

U-shaped bent beech rib rod

71, 72

u-shaped legs

Claims (14)

1. A transport anchor (1) for reinforced concrete walls with two wall shells spaced apart from each other, comprising:

   a bracket (2) that has a bent middle section (21) for suspending stop means and at least sectionally straight and mutually parallel bracket legs (22A, 22B) adjoining them on either side, which can be embedded into the wall shells, as well as

   a pressure bar (3) that is arranged between the bracket legs (22A, 22B) in the area of their upper end in the middle section (21) and not rigidly connected with the latter under the loads to be absorbed,

   wherein
   a sliding shoe (4A, 4B) for the respective bracket leg (22A, 22B) is arranged on at least one end of the pressure bar (3), and grips the pressure bar (3) in its longitudinal direction with a floor wall (41) and two side walls (42A, 42B), as well as frontally with a front wall (43),

   wherein the front wall (43) of the sliding shoe (4A, 4B) is designed relative to the respective bracket leg (22A, 22B) as a sliding surface (F) for the latter, and

   wherein the side walls (42A, 42B) of the sliding shoe (4A, 4B) extend over the end of the pressure bar (3), and there are designed as lateral guides for the respective bracket leg (22A, 22B) in its longitudinal direction, characterized in that the sliding shoe (4A, 4B) or a portion of the sliding shoe is fabricated out of a flat material via stamping and bending.
2. The transport anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that the side walls (42A, 42B) of the sliding shoe (4A, 4B) positively engage the pressure bar (3) in its longitudinal direction, preferably by means of first edge sections (421, 422) bent against each other.
3. The transport anchor according to one of claims 1 - 2, characterized in that the side walls (42A, 42B) of the sliding shoe (4A, 4B) positively engage the respective bracket leg (22A, 22B) in its longitudinal direction, preferably by means of second edge sections (423, 424) bent against each other.
4. The transport anchor according to one of claims 1 - 3, characterized in that the front wall (43) of the sliding shoe (4A, 4B) designed as a siding surface (F) is otherwise provided with a layer or coating made out of a material for the respective bracket leg (22A, 22B) that is more slidable than the material of the sliding shoe (4A, 4B).
5. The transport anchor according to one of claims 1 - 4, characterized in that the respective bracket leg (22A, 22B) is detachably connected with the sliding shoe (4A, 4B) under the forces that arise while transporting double-shell walls, preferably by means of spot welding.
6. The transport anchor according to one of claims 1 - 5, characterized in that the floor wall (41) transitions into the front wall (43) with a rounded edge.
7. The transport anchor according to one of claims 1 - 6, characterized in that the bracket (2) consists of plain steel or a steel rope with preferably a round cross section.
8. The transport anchor according to one of claims 1 - 7, characterized in that the pressure rod (3) consists of ribbed reinforced concrete with preferably a round cross section.
9. The transport anchor according to one of claims 1 - 8, characterized in that a respective sliding shoe (4A, 4B) according to one of the preceding claims is arranged at both ends of the pressure bar (3) for the respective bracket legs (22A, 22B).
10. The transport anchor according to one of claims 1 - 9, characterized in that a cross connection (5) is present between the bracket legs (22A, 22B) in the area of their lower free ends, which holds the two bracket legs (22A, 22B) at a mutual distance, so that a clamping pressure is generated on the pressure bar (3).
11. The transport anchor according to one of claims 1 - 10, characterized in that, as an additional longitudinal anchoring of the backet legs (22A, 22B) in the wall shells and also preferably to form the cross connection according to claim 10, a straight bar (6) preferably made of steel is welded to the bracket legs (22A, 22B) in the area of their lower free ends, preferably transversely protruding over the latter, or a U-shaped, bent concrete rib bar (7) is welded with its U-legs (71, 72) to the free ends of the bracket leg (22A, 22B), preferably lengthening the latter as well as preferably overlapping the latter.
12. The transport anchor according to claim 11, characterized in that, as an additional longitudinal anchoring of the bracket legs (22A, 22B) in the wall shells, a respective concrete rib bar (6A, 6B) is welded to their lower free ends, preferably lengthening the latter as well as preferably overlapping the latter.
13. The transport anchor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sliding shoe (4A, 4B) is designed at least as a two-part slide bearing, comprising a hook element (44) with fitted slide rail (441) and a slide bearing bush (45) that at least partially envelops the slide rail (441) as well as the pressure bar (3).
14. The transport anchor (1) according to claim 13, wherein the hook element (44) with fitted slide rail (441) has a more slidable material than the material of the slide bearing bush (45), or consists of a more slidable material than the material of the slide bearing bush (45) .

Images