EP3627460A1 - Access control system - Google Patents

Abstract

An access control system consisting of electronic ID cards and stationary registration devices carried by people is described. When an electronic ID card approaches a stationary registration device, an authorization dialog takes place and upon authorization, a release device is activated.

Description

The invention relates to an access control system according to the preamble of claim 1.

Access control systems are common in the commercial field to allow only authorized persons access to business premises, offices and warehouses and to prevent others from accessing them. In this case, electronic ID cards in RFID technology are held in front of a reading device by persons requesting access, and as soon as the electronic ID card is in the reading field, an authorization dialog takes place between the electronic ID card and the reading device. In the case of authorization, access will then be released.

In care facilities with disoriented residents, however, application of the known access control systems would fail if residents do not master the handling of the electronic ID cards.

In the case of motor vehicles with keyless access, an identification of an authorized person without an electronic ID card in front of a reading device is known, but special measures are taken to prevent misuse by a data relay. A data exchange only takes place when an access-seeking person approaches one of the multiple door handles by hand and furthermore the position of the electronic ID carried is confirmed by a bearing. This is done with a capacitive proximity sensor on each door handle and an evaluation of the directions of several LF transmitters. However, the time for data exchange is then low that the door cannot always be opened on the first attempt to pull the door handle.

The invention has for its object to provide an access control system which ensures reliable operation even when the mental and physical abilities of the users are restricted.

This object is achieved in an access control system according to the preamble of claim 1 by the features of this claim.

Further developments and advantageous refinements result from the subclaims.

In contrast to conventional access control systems with data transmissions in only one frequency range, the invention uses data transmissions both in the UHF range, namely 868 MHz, and a wake-up function and location information in the LF range, namely 125 kHz. High data rates can be achieved in the UHF range, so that large amounts of data can be processed very quickly. A long range of several meters is also possible. However, it is very difficult to predict the exact range of the communicating UHF transceivers, since the spread can be influenced by people or objects nearby. It is therefore not possible to reliably select different pairings of electronic IDs and stationary registration devices based solely on the range.

In the LF range, on the other hand, the propagation of electromagnetic waves is very little affected by objects, and if so, only by large ferromagnetic masses. The spread of the field is therefore largely constant and it can be determined with great accuracy within which radius the LF receiver can receive and evaluate the transmission signal. Because in the LF However, in the area where only low data rates are possible, an authorization dialog would take a long time and could break off if the electronic ID leaves the electromagnetic field. The LF signal is therefore only used to wake up the UHF transceiver in the electronic ID card and to transmit a location identifier of the LF transmitter, which is transmitted back when the UHF transceiver is in dialogue. The UHF transceivers of the electronic ID cards and the stationary registration devices are therefore only switched on for the authorization dialog, which, however, requires a lot of energy, and remain idle for the rest of the time, in which they require very little energy.

The LF receiver in the electronic ID card is permanently active, but consumes little energy. Therefore, the electronic ID can be supplied with energy from a battery for a long time and requires only a small size, which makes it possible to wear the electronic ID in clothing or on the body, for example on the wrist as a watch or dummy watch.

The LF transmitter is also designed for low energy consumption, since it is arranged together with a battery in the door fitting and this battery must be sufficient for energy supply. Stationary detection devices can thus be set up or supplemented without structural changes to the electrical installation. Solutions from the motor vehicle sector are not directly transferable, since a much larger battery capacity is available there.

A PIR sensor ensures that the LF transmitter is only activated when the thermal image changes due to someone approaching the door. The PIR sensor consumes extremely little energy and has a much longer range than a capacitive sensor. This leaves enough time to activate the LF transmitter and complete the data exchange for identification before the person approaching the door has reached the door handle with his hand.

Because the LF transmitter of the detection device is only activated at intervals by the PIR sensor, the detection device also consumes little energy. Incorrect activation occurs when other people enter the detection range of the PIR sensor, but this is much less common than continuous operation.

Furthermore, wake-up information at the beginning of the LF transmission ensures that the LF receiver of the electronic ID card is not already caused by interference fields from other transmitters to start his own UHF transceiver.

The transmission power of the LF transmitter in connection with its antenna gain and the input sensitivity of the LF receiver in connection with its antenna gain should be such that the range of the LF transmission path is between 40 cm and 2 m.

With this range, it is to be expected that a detection can also take place when the electronic ID card is located on the side of the body of the user facing away from the detection device. It also prevents the UHF transceivers from being unnecessarily activated by electronic ID cards and data entry devices if residents or staff simply walk along corridors without an access request.

The range of the PIR sensor is preferably as large as the range of the LF transmission path.

This ensures that when the PIR sensor enters the detection range, the signal from the LF transmitter can also be received and evaluated by the LF receiver of the electronic ID card.

More preferably, the electromagnetic field generated by the LF transmitter has a spherical characteristic and the antenna arrangement of the LF receiver also has a spherical characteristic.

It is then easy to specify a radius around the location of the detection device within which the entry of an electronic ID card is recognized and evaluated. This simplifies the dimensioning and adjustment of the detection areas of adjacent detection devices, so that they are clear and do not overlap or interfere.

According to a further development, the range can be set within limits by varying the transmission power.

This makes it possible to adapt the function and thus also the energy consumption, in particular of the detection devices, to the local conditions and habits of the residents.

A further development provides that different authorization levels are assigned to the electronic ID cards, that only a few individual authorizations are granted to the electronic ID cards in a restricted authorization level, which are limited to actions that can only be carried out automatically, and that additional individual authorizations are granted to the electronic ID cards in extended authorization levels , on the basis of which further actions can be carried out automatically and / or individually via an input device.

With disoriented residents, the electronic ID can thus be worn on the wrist and when the resident approaches his or her door and enters the wake-up radius of the detection device, the LF signal transmitted by the detection device with the location identifier is received by the LF receiver of the electronic ID and after Turn on the UHF transceiver the authorization dialog is carried out with the UHF transceiver of the detection device. If authorized, an actuator of a release device is then activated, which couples the lever handle to the latch via a printer mechanism and enables the door to be opened by pressing the door handle. The enabling device is thus activated automatically. With other doors to which the resident has no access, the door remains closed even when the lever handle is pressed. In addition to the release of doors, areas can also only be monitored and alarm messages can be issued.

Residents without restrictions can carry electronic IDs with extended authorizations, for example leaving the care facility. Nursing staff and other employees can also receive additional authorizations, with the option of also using keyboard to perform optional actions, such as opening additional doors or lifts individually.

Further designs of stationary detection devices can be arranged at inputs or outputs of an area to be monitored and can be coupled to door controls and / or to a registration and / or alarm device.

These can be common areas or areas outside the building that are also accessible via doors or areas that are only monitored to see whether residents want to leave unattended.

Additional detection devices can be connected to a registration and / or alarm center by wire, by means of LAN or by means of UHF or WLAN transceivers via a network. It is also possible that to use the same UHF radio link as the detection devices use in the authorization dialog with the electronic ID cards.

As a result, it is also possible to monitor the function of self-sufficient stationary registration devices or electronic ID cards, for example in order to register failed access attempts.

The transceivers of the stationary detection devices preferably have a collision resolution routine.

This makes it possible to record access requests or other processes even when a large number of residents are currently in a surveillance area and authorization dialogs are triggered at the same time.

Fig. 1

zeigt ein Blockschaltbild eines Zugangssteuerungssystem nach der Erfindung,

Fig. 2

zeigt einen Türbeschlag zur Aufnahme einer Erfassungsvorrichtung,

Fig. 3 und 4

zeigen Varianten von elektronischen Ausweisen,

Fig. 5

zeigt einen schematischen Grundriss einer Pflegeeinrichtung mit Anordnungen von Erfassungsvorrichtungen.

The invention is explained below using an exemplary embodiment which is illustrated in the drawing and described below.

Fig. 1

shows a block diagram of an access control system according to the invention,

Fig. 2

shows a door fitting for receiving a detection device,

3 and 4

show variants of electronic ID cards,

Fig. 5

shows a schematic plan view of a care facility with arrangements of detection devices.

The drawing shows representations of an access control system, which is particularly suitable for care facilities with disoriented residents. It allows residents easy access to their own rooms, prevented but access to foreign rooms. The nursing staff, on the other hand, are given access to all rooms and other rooms and areas that disoriented residents should not enter. Oriented residents also have access to rooms and areas that should remain inaccessible to disoriented residents.

In Fig. 1 An access control system is shown as a block diagram, in the upper part of which a detection device 10 and in the lower part an electronic ID 12 are arranged. The detection device 10 comprises an LF transmitter 14, a UHF transceiver 16, a controller 18, an actuator 20 as a motor drive and a PIR sensor 22. The electronic identification comprises an LF receiver 24, a UHF transceiver 26, a controller 28 and optionally a keyboard 30.

Residents and staff carry electronic ID cards 12 with them, while stationary detection devices 10 are arranged on the residents' room doors and on further doors or door controls. In the normal case, the electronic ID cards and detection devices are in an idle state in which the majority of the electronic circuits are switched off and the total energy requirement is therefore very low. Only the PIR sensor 22 of each detection device and the LF receiver 24 of each electronic ID card are active.

If a person approaches an acquisition device 10 with an electronic ID 12, a change in the thermal image is recognized by the PIR sensor 22 of the acquisition device 10 concerned and, via the controller 18, the LF transmitter 14 is triggered to repeatedly transmit a location identifier and the UHF transceiver 16 to put into an operating state. The range of the LF signal is approximately the same as the detection range of the PIR sensor 22, so that an electronic ID card 12 carried by the person can be used at the same time Reading field of the detection device 10 arrives when the location identifier is sent. The LF receiver 24 of the electronic ID card 12 then receives the location identifier, whereupon the controller 28 puts the UHF transceiver 26 into an operating state and forwards the received location identifier to the UHF transceiver 26 for retransmission. The UHF transceiver 26 of the electronic ID card 12 and the UHF transceiver 16 of the registration device 10 now carry out an authorization dialog in which the location identifier in connection with a user ID of the person to whom the electronic ID card 12 is assigned is transmitted to the registration device 10. The result is evaluated by the control device 18. If the resident stands in front of his own room door, an authorization is recognized and an actuator 20 in the form of a drive motor is actuated by the control 18, which couples a door handle with a handle mechanism. The resident can then open the door to his room by pressing the lever handle. If, on the other hand, the resident stands in front of a foreign room door or another door to which he has no access, the access request is rejected, in which the actuator 20 is not actuated by the controller 18.

By dividing it into an LF radio link in the frequency range 125 kHz and a UHF radio link in the frequency range of 868 MHz, the electronic ID is activated, i.e. the UHF transceiver 26 is only switched on within a radius between 40 cm and 2 m around the Detection device. In the LF area, the spread through objects in the reading field is changed only slightly, so that the geometry of the reading field can be determined very precisely. The antennas of the LF transmitters of the detection devices have spherical characteristics and can be adjusted in such a way that there is no overlap with detection devices in adjacent rooms. The antennas of the LF receivers of the electronic ID cards also have spherical characteristics and receive the reading field with the same field strength regardless of their orientation in the room. Because of the low data rate at low frequencies there is only a one-way transmission from the detection device to the electronic ID card. Only the location identifier of the detection device is transmitted. Since this transmission is repeated, a dialog can be dispensed with and it is assumed that the location identifier can be correctly received and evaluated at least once in the case of several transmissions.

The UHF radio link, on the other hand, enables a higher data rate and is therefore suitable for a dialogue in which more extensive data can also be transmitted. A higher range is also achieved, although this can vary considerably due to reflections and attenuations. The UHF transceivers require more energy than an LF receiver or a clocked LF transmitter and are therefore only switched on when the approach of an electronic ID card to a detection device is detected. If the optional PIR sensor is dispensed with in a detection device, the energy requirement can also be reduced by reducing the clock sequence with which the LF transmitter is caused to transmit the location identifier. However, this cycle sequence must not be reduced to such an extent that the person has already pressed the door handle after entering the reading field before the first authorization dialog has even taken place.

While a disoriented resident has only a limited authorization level, e.g. may only open his own room door, non-disoriented residents and especially the staff can receive further individual authorizations. In the case of disoriented residents, the control of the actuator 20 can take place automatically without any further intervention possibility, while persons with further authorizations can additionally or alternatively also carry out manual actions, for which purpose an input device 30, for example in the form of a keyboard, is provided on their electronic identification card 12.

Fig. 2 shows a door fitting 32 for receiving a detection device 34. The door fitting 32 comprises a lever handle 40 which, if there is no authorization, can only be pressed empty without the door being able to be opened, but when authorization is coupled to a lever mechanism and then retracted when actuated the trap enables. In the upper part of the striking plate there is a cover 36 which is permeable to high-frequency fields, behind which the detection device with the antennas of the UHF transceiver 16 and the LF transmitter 14 is arranged. The cover 36 also has an opening 38 for the PIR sensor.

Fig. 3 shows as a version of an electronic ID card 12 for a disoriented person a watch 42 to be worn on the wrist, which can also be designed as a dummy, and has no operating elements.

Fig. 4 shows as a version of an electronic ID card 12 a tag 44, which can be worn on a keychain, on a collar or in a pocket of clothing. This electronic ID card 12 can have further authorization levels and has a keyboard 46 for activating further actions.

Fig. 5 shows a schematic plan view of a care facility with arrangements of detection devices. From a hall 64, two rooms 60 and 62 are accessible via doors. Door fittings 32 and 32 'are each equipped with detection devices 10. Another detection device 48 is located on the door control of an automatic door at the end of the corridor and also another detection device 54 is located on an automatic door at an exit to the outside area 66. Finally, there is also a detection device 52 at the entrance to the property. However, the detection devices 52 do not control doors via their actuator, but rather an alarm system.

The detection devices 48 and 54 in the door controls of the automatic doors are preferably supplied with energy from the house network. Here, PIR sensors can be dispensed with and the LF transmitter can transmit repeatedly at intervals. Since the detection device 52 does not have to be accommodated in a door fitting, it can also be operated with a then somewhat larger battery for the extended detection area. A PIR sensor is then appropriate. However, operation from the home network without a PIR sensor is also possible.

With all detection devices, the reading field is shown by a dashed circle in that people with electronic ID cards are recognized and detected. The size of these reading fields can be adjusted by changing the transmission power of the LF transmitters of the detection devices. With larger reading fields, for example at the exit to the outside area, it can happen that there are several people at the same time. Anti-collision routines of the controls of the detection devices can eliminate interference in the detection by simultaneous transmission.

Due to their low energy consumption, the detection devices can be operated independently and therefore do not need to be integrated into the electrical installation. It is possible to integrate them wirelessly into a network, for example through the existing UHF radio links and additional UHF transceivers and / or through additional WLAN transceivers and WLAN hotspots. For forwarding to a central registration device 58, WLAN hotspots 50 and 56 are therefore arranged in the interior and exterior.

The detection devices can also be designed such that they emit beacon identifiers at intervals of approximately 1 hour by means of which the registration device 58 checks their presence and functionality. Such Emissions in the HF range thus enable monitoring of the detection devices without significantly increasing their energy requirements. Reference list 10th Detection device 50 WiFi hotspot 12th electronic ID card 52 Detection device 14 LF transmitter 54 Detection device 16 UHF transceiver 56 WiFi hotspot 18th control 58 Registration, alarm device 20th Actuator 60 room 22 PIR sensor 62 room 24th LF receiver 64 Hall 26 UHF transceiver 66 Outdoor area 28 control 30th Input device, keyboard 32 Door fitting 34 Detection device 36 cover 38 opening 40 Door handle 42 Clock 44 pendant 46 keyboard 48 Detection device

Claims (9)

Access control system, consisting of electronic ID cards (12) carried by people and stationary registration devices (10), an authorization dialog taking place when a person approaches a stationary registration device (10) and an authorization device can be activated upon authorization, characterized in that each electronic ID card ( 12) contains a UHF transceiver (26), an LF receiver (24) and a controller (28) and each detection device (10) contains a UHF transceiver (16), an LF transmitter (14), a controller (18 ) and an actuator (20) for the door release contains that detection devices (10) are autonomously integrated in door fittings (32), are supplied with energy via a battery that is built into the door fitting (32) and fits there, and a PIR sensor (22), by means of which, when a thermal image is changed, the LF transmitter (14) is activated via the control (28) of the detection device (10) ert and a wakeup information is sent followed by its own location information that the UHF transceiver (26) of the stationary detection device (10) is temporarily switched from an idle state to an operating state when the location information is received by an LF receiver (24) electronic ID card (12) by means of its control (18), the UHF transceiver (16) of the electronic ID card is switched from an idle state to an operating state and the UHF transceiver (16) of the stationary detection device (10), which is then also in the operating state Authorization dialog is carried out by exchanging and checking the identity number of the electronic ID card (12) in connection with the returned location information and, if authorized, the actuator (20) of the door release device is activated by the controller (18). Access control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission power of the LF transmitter (14) in connection with its antenna gain and the input sensitivity of the LF receiver (24) in connection with its antenna gain are dimensioned such that the range of the LF transmission path between 40 cm and 2 m. Access control system according to claim 2, characterized in that the range of the PIR sensor (22) is as large as the range of the LF transmission path. Access control system according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electromagnetic field generated by the LF transmitter (14) has a spherical characteristic and that the antenna arrangement of the LF receiver (24) also has a spherical characteristic. Access control system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the range can be adjusted within limits by varying the transmission power. Access control system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that different authorization levels are assigned to the electronic ID cards (12), that in a restricted authorization level the electronic ID cards (12) are only granted a few individual authorizations which are limited to actions that can only be carried out automatically and that in individual authorization levels the electronic identification cards (12) are granted further individual authorizations, on the basis of which further actions can be carried out automatically and / or individually via an input device (30). Access control system according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a further number of stationary detection devices (34, 48, 52, 54) are arranged at inputs or outputs of an area (66) to be monitored and with a registration and / or Alarm device (58) are coupled. Access control system according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that stationary detection devices (34, 48, 52, 54) are connected to a registration center (58) by means of UHF radio links and / or WLAN transceivers (50, 56) via a network . Access control system according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the transceivers (26) of the stationary detection devices (34, 48, 52, 54) have a collision resolution routine.

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