EP3627460A1 - Access control system - Google Patents
Access control system Download PDFInfo
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- EP3627460A1 EP3627460A1 EP19199144.7A EP19199144A EP3627460A1 EP 3627460 A1 EP3627460 A1 EP 3627460A1 EP 19199144 A EP19199144 A EP 19199144A EP 3627460 A1 EP3627460 A1 EP 3627460A1
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- Prior art keywords
- electronic
- access control
- control system
- authorization
- card
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- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000707 wrist Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010616 electrical installation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101100110009 Caenorhabditis elegans asd-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C9/00896—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys specially adapted for particular uses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
- G07C2009/00317—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks keyless data carrier having only one limited data transmission range
- G07C2009/00333—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks keyless data carrier having only one limited data transmission range and the lock having more than one limited data transmission ranges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
- G07C2009/00365—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks in combination with a wake-up circuit
- G07C2009/00373—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks in combination with a wake-up circuit whereby the wake-up circuit is situated in the lock
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
- G07C2009/00365—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks in combination with a wake-up circuit
- G07C2009/0038—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks in combination with a wake-up circuit whereby the wake-up circuit is situated in the keyless data carrier
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C2009/00634—Power supply for the lock
- G07C2009/00642—Power supply for the lock by battery
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C2009/00753—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys
- G07C2009/00769—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means
- G07C2009/00793—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means by Hertzian waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C2009/00968—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys shape of the data carrier
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to groups G07C9/00 - G07C9/38
- G07C2209/60—Indexing scheme relating to groups G07C9/00174 - G07C9/00944
- G07C2209/63—Comprising locating means for detecting the position of the data carrier, i.e. within the vehicle or within a certain distance from the vehicle
- G07C2209/64—Comprising locating means for detecting the position of the data carrier, i.e. within the vehicle or within a certain distance from the vehicle using a proximity sensor
Definitions
- the invention relates to an access control system according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Access control systems are common in the commercial field to allow only authorized persons access to business premises, offices and warehouses and to prevent others from accessing them.
- electronic ID cards in RFID technology are held in front of a reading device by persons requesting access, and as soon as the electronic ID card is in the reading field, an authorization dialog takes place between the electronic ID card and the reading device. In the case of authorization, access will then be released.
- the invention has for its object to provide an access control system which ensures reliable operation even when the mental and physical abilities of the users are restricted.
- the invention uses data transmissions both in the UHF range, namely 868 MHz, and a wake-up function and location information in the LF range, namely 125 kHz.
- High data rates can be achieved in the UHF range, so that large amounts of data can be processed very quickly.
- a long range of several meters is also possible.
- the propagation of electromagnetic waves is very little affected by objects, and if so, only by large ferromagnetic masses.
- the spread of the field is therefore largely constant and it can be determined with great accuracy within which radius the LF receiver can receive and evaluate the transmission signal.
- an authorization dialog would take a long time and could break off if the electronic ID leaves the electromagnetic field.
- the LF signal is therefore only used to wake up the UHF transceiver in the electronic ID card and to transmit a location identifier of the LF transmitter, which is transmitted back when the UHF transceiver is in dialogue.
- the UHF transceivers of the electronic ID cards and the stationary registration devices are therefore only switched on for the authorization dialog, which, however, requires a lot of energy, and remain idle for the rest of the time, in which they require very little energy.
- the LF receiver in the electronic ID card is permanently active, but consumes little energy. Therefore, the electronic ID can be supplied with energy from a battery for a long time and requires only a small size, which makes it possible to wear the electronic ID in clothing or on the body, for example on the wrist as a watch or dummy watch.
- the LF transmitter is also designed for low energy consumption, since it is arranged together with a battery in the door fitting and this battery must be sufficient for energy supply. Stationary detection devices can thus be set up or supplemented without structural changes to the electrical installation. Solutions from the motor vehicle sector are not directly transferable, since a much larger battery capacity is available there.
- a PIR sensor ensures that the LF transmitter is only activated when the thermal image changes due to someone approaching the door.
- the PIR sensor consumes extremely little energy and has a much longer range than a capacitive sensor. This leaves enough time to activate the LF transmitter and complete the data exchange for identification before the person approaching the door has reached the door handle with his hand.
- the detection device Because the LF transmitter of the detection device is only activated at intervals by the PIR sensor, the detection device also consumes little energy. Incorrect activation occurs when other people enter the detection range of the PIR sensor, but this is much less common than continuous operation.
- wake-up information at the beginning of the LF transmission ensures that the LF receiver of the electronic ID card is not already caused by interference fields from other transmitters to start his own UHF transceiver.
- the transmission power of the LF transmitter in connection with its antenna gain and the input sensitivity of the LF receiver in connection with its antenna gain should be such that the range of the LF transmission path is between 40 cm and 2 m.
- the range of the PIR sensor is preferably as large as the range of the LF transmission path.
- the electromagnetic field generated by the LF transmitter has a spherical characteristic and the antenna arrangement of the LF receiver also has a spherical characteristic.
- the range can be set within limits by varying the transmission power.
- a further development provides that different authorization levels are assigned to the electronic ID cards, that only a few individual authorizations are granted to the electronic ID cards in a restricted authorization level, which are limited to actions that can only be carried out automatically, and that additional individual authorizations are granted to the electronic ID cards in extended authorization levels , on the basis of which further actions can be carried out automatically and / or individually via an input device.
- the electronic ID can thus be worn on the wrist and when the resident approaches his or her door and enters the wake-up radius of the detection device, the LF signal transmitted by the detection device with the location identifier is received by the LF receiver of the electronic ID and after Turn on the UHF transceiver the authorization dialog is carried out with the UHF transceiver of the detection device. If authorized, an actuator of a release device is then activated, which couples the lever handle to the latch via a printer mechanism and enables the door to be opened by pressing the door handle. The enabling device is thus activated automatically. With other doors to which the resident has no access, the door remains closed even when the lever handle is pressed. In addition to the release of doors, areas can also only be monitored and alarm messages can be issued.
- stationary detection devices can be arranged at inputs or outputs of an area to be monitored and can be coupled to door controls and / or to a registration and / or alarm device.
- Additional detection devices can be connected to a registration and / or alarm center by wire, by means of LAN or by means of UHF or WLAN transceivers via a network. It is also possible that to use the same UHF radio link as the detection devices use in the authorization dialog with the electronic ID cards.
- the transceivers of the stationary detection devices preferably have a collision resolution routine.
- the drawing shows representations of an access control system, which is particularly suitable for care facilities with disoriented residents. It allows residents easy access to their own rooms, prevented but access to foreign rooms.
- the nursing staff on the other hand, are given access to all rooms and other rooms and areas that disoriented residents should not enter. Oriented residents also have access to rooms and areas that should remain inaccessible to disoriented residents.
- FIG. 1 An access control system is shown as a block diagram, in the upper part of which a detection device 10 and in the lower part an electronic ID 12 are arranged.
- the detection device 10 comprises an LF transmitter 14, a UHF transceiver 16, a controller 18, an actuator 20 as a motor drive and a PIR sensor 22.
- the electronic identification comprises an LF receiver 24, a UHF transceiver 26, a controller 28 and optionally a keyboard 30.
- a change in the thermal image is recognized by the PIR sensor 22 of the acquisition device 10 concerned and, via the controller 18, the LF transmitter 14 is triggered to repeatedly transmit a location identifier and the UHF transceiver 16 to put into an operating state.
- the range of the LF signal is approximately the same as the detection range of the PIR sensor 22, so that an electronic ID card 12 carried by the person can be used at the same time Reading field of the detection device 10 arrives when the location identifier is sent.
- the LF receiver 24 of the electronic ID card 12 then receives the location identifier, whereupon the controller 28 puts the UHF transceiver 26 into an operating state and forwards the received location identifier to the UHF transceiver 26 for retransmission.
- the UHF transceiver 26 of the electronic ID card 12 and the UHF transceiver 16 of the registration device 10 now carry out an authorization dialog in which the location identifier in connection with a user ID of the person to whom the electronic ID card 12 is assigned is transmitted to the registration device 10. The result is evaluated by the control device 18. If the resident stands in front of his own room door, an authorization is recognized and an actuator 20 in the form of a drive motor is actuated by the control 18, which couples a door handle with a handle mechanism.
- the resident can then open the door to his room by pressing the lever handle. If, on the other hand, the resident stands in front of a foreign room door or another door to which he has no access, the access request is rejected, in which the actuator 20 is not actuated by the controller 18.
- the electronic ID is activated, i.e. the UHF transceiver 26 is only switched on within a radius between 40 cm and 2 m around the Detection device.
- the spread through objects in the reading field is changed only slightly, so that the geometry of the reading field can be determined very precisely.
- the antennas of the LF transmitters of the detection devices have spherical characteristics and can be adjusted in such a way that there is no overlap with detection devices in adjacent rooms.
- the antennas of the LF receivers of the electronic ID cards also have spherical characteristics and receive the reading field with the same field strength regardless of their orientation in the room. Because of the low data rate at low frequencies there is only a one-way transmission from the detection device to the electronic ID card. Only the location identifier of the detection device is transmitted. Since this transmission is repeated, a dialog can be dispensed with and it is assumed that the location identifier can be correctly received and evaluated at least once in the case of several transmissions.
- the UHF radio link enables a higher data rate and is therefore suitable for a dialogue in which more extensive data can also be transmitted. A higher range is also achieved, although this can vary considerably due to reflections and attenuations.
- the UHF transceivers require more energy than an LF receiver or a clocked LF transmitter and are therefore only switched on when the approach of an electronic ID card to a detection device is detected. If the optional PIR sensor is dispensed with in a detection device, the energy requirement can also be reduced by reducing the clock sequence with which the LF transmitter is caused to transmit the location identifier. However, this cycle sequence must not be reduced to such an extent that the person has already pressed the door handle after entering the reading field before the first authorization dialog has even taken place.
- a disoriented resident has only a limited authorization level, e.g. may only open his own room door
- non-disoriented residents and especially the staff can receive further individual authorizations.
- the control of the actuator 20 can take place automatically without any further intervention possibility, while persons with further authorizations can additionally or alternatively also carry out manual actions, for which purpose an input device 30, for example in the form of a keyboard, is provided on their electronic identification card 12.
- Fig. 2 shows a door fitting 32 for receiving a detection device 34.
- the door fitting 32 comprises a lever handle 40 which, if there is no authorization, can only be pressed empty without the door being able to be opened, but when authorization is coupled to a lever mechanism and then retracted when actuated the trap enables.
- a cover 36 which is permeable to high-frequency fields, behind which the detection device with the antennas of the UHF transceiver 16 and the LF transmitter 14 is arranged.
- the cover 36 also has an opening 38 for the PIR sensor.
- Fig. 3 shows as a version of an electronic ID card 12 for a disoriented person a watch 42 to be worn on the wrist, which can also be designed as a dummy, and has no operating elements.
- Fig. 4 shows as a version of an electronic ID card 12 a tag 44, which can be worn on a keychain, on a collar or in a pocket of clothing.
- This electronic ID card 12 can have further authorization levels and has a keyboard 46 for activating further actions.
- Fig. 5 shows a schematic plan view of a care facility with arrangements of detection devices. From a hall 64, two rooms 60 and 62 are accessible via doors. Door fittings 32 and 32 'are each equipped with detection devices 10. Another detection device 48 is located on the door control of an automatic door at the end of the corridor and also another detection device 54 is located on an automatic door at an exit to the outside area 66. Finally, there is also a detection device 52 at the entrance to the property. However, the detection devices 52 do not control doors via their actuator, but rather an alarm system.
- the detection devices 48 and 54 in the door controls of the automatic doors are preferably supplied with energy from the house network.
- PIR sensors can be dispensed with and the LF transmitter can transmit repeatedly at intervals. Since the detection device 52 does not have to be accommodated in a door fitting, it can also be operated with a then somewhat larger battery for the extended detection area. A PIR sensor is then appropriate. However, operation from the home network without a PIR sensor is also possible.
- the reading field is shown by a dashed circle in that people with electronic ID cards are recognized and detected.
- the size of these reading fields can be adjusted by changing the transmission power of the LF transmitters of the detection devices. With larger reading fields, for example at the exit to the outside area, it can happen that there are several people at the same time.
- Anti-collision routines of the controls of the detection devices can eliminate interference in the detection by simultaneous transmission.
- the detection devices can be operated independently and therefore do not need to be integrated into the electrical installation. It is possible to integrate them wirelessly into a network, for example through the existing UHF radio links and additional UHF transceivers and / or through additional WLAN transceivers and WLAN hotspots. For forwarding to a central registration device 58, WLAN hotspots 50 and 56 are therefore arranged in the interior and exterior.
- the detection devices can also be designed such that they emit beacon identifiers at intervals of approximately 1 hour by means of which the registration device 58 checks their presence and functionality. Such Emissions in the HF range thus enable monitoring of the detection devices without significantly increasing their energy requirements.
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Abstract
Es wird ein Zugangssteuerungssystem, bestehend aus von Personen mitgeführten elektronischen Ausweisen und stationären Erfassungsvorrichtungen beschrieben.Bei Annäherung eines elektronischen Ausweises an eine stationäre Erfassungsvorrichtung findet ein Autorisierungsdialog statt und bei Autorisierung wird eine Freigabevorrichtung aktiviert.An access control system consisting of electronic ID cards and stationary registration devices carried by people is described. When an electronic ID card approaches a stationary registration device, an authorization dialog takes place and upon authorization, a release device is activated.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Zugangssteuerungssystem nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an access control system according to the preamble of claim 1.
Zugangssteuerungssysteme sind im gewerblichen Bereich üblich, um nur autorisierten Personen den Zugang zu Geschäftsräumen, Büros und Lagern zu ermöglichen und anderen den Zugang zu verwehren. Dabei werden elektronische Ausweise in RFID-Technik von zugangsbegehrenden Personen vor ein Lesegerät gehalten und sobald sich der elektronische Ausweis im Lesefeld befindet, erfolgt ein Autorisierungsdialog zwischen dem elektronischen Ausweis und dem Lesegerät. Im Falle der Berechtigung wird dann ein Zugang freigegeben.Access control systems are common in the commercial field to allow only authorized persons access to business premises, offices and warehouses and to prevent others from accessing them. In this case, electronic ID cards in RFID technology are held in front of a reading device by persons requesting access, and as soon as the electronic ID card is in the reading field, an authorization dialog takes place between the electronic ID card and the reading device. In the case of authorization, access will then be released.
Bei Pflegeeinrichtungen mit desorientierten Bewohnern würde jedoch eine Anwendung der bekannten Zugangssteuerungssysteme scheitern, wenn Bewohner die Handhabung der elektronischen Ausweise nicht beherrschen.In care facilities with disoriented residents, however, application of the known access control systems would fail if residents do not master the handling of the electronic ID cards.
Bei Kraftfahrzeugen mit schlüssellosem Zugang ist zwar eine Identifikation eines Berechtigten ohne Vorhalten eines elektronischen Ausweises vor ein Lesegerät bekannt, es werden aber besondere Maßnahmen getroffen, um einen Missbrauch durch ein Datenrelais zu verhindern. So findet ein Datenaustausch erst dann statt, wenn sich eine zugangsbegehrende Person mit der Hand einem der mehrfach vorhandenen Türgriffe nähert und ferner durch eine Peilung die Position des mitgeführten elektronischen Ausweises bestätigt wird. Dies geschieht mit einem kapazitiven Näherungssensor an jedem Türgriff und einer Auswertung der Richtungen mehrerer LF-Sender. Die Zeit für einen Datenaustausch ist dann allerdings so gering, dass sich die Tür nicht immer beim ersten Versuch, am Türgriff zu ziehen, öffnen lässt.In the case of motor vehicles with keyless access, an identification of an authorized person without an electronic ID card in front of a reading device is known, but special measures are taken to prevent misuse by a data relay. A data exchange only takes place when an access-seeking person approaches one of the multiple door handles by hand and furthermore the position of the electronic ID carried is confirmed by a bearing. This is done with a capacitive proximity sensor on each door handle and an evaluation of the directions of several LF transmitters. However, the time for data exchange is then low that the door cannot always be opened on the first attempt to pull the door handle.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Zugangssteuerungssystem zu schaffen, das auch bei Einschränkungen der geistigen und körperlichen Fähigkeiten der Benutzer eine zuverlässige Funktion gewährleistet.The invention has for its object to provide an access control system which ensures reliable operation even when the mental and physical abilities of the users are restricted.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Zugangssteuerungssystem nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 durch die Merkmale dieses Anspruchs gelöst.This object is achieved in an access control system according to the preamble of claim 1 by the features of this claim.
Weiterbildungen und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Further developments and advantageous refinements result from the subclaims.
Im Gegensatz zu üblichen Zugangssteuerungssystemen mit Datenübertragungen in nur einem Frequenzbereich nutzt die Erfindung Datenübertragungen sowohl im UHF-Bereich, nämlich 868 MHz, als auch eine Weckfunktion und Ortsinformationen im LF-Bereich, nämlich 125 kHz. Im UHF Bereich lassen sich hohe Datenraten erzielen, so dass die Verarbeitung umfangreicher Datenmengen sehr schnell erfolgen kann. Außerdem ist eine hohe Reichweite über mehrere Meter möglich. Allerdings lässt sich die genaue Reichweite der kommunizierenden UHF-Transceiver nur sehr schwer vorhersagen, da die Ausbreitung durch Personen oder Gegenstände in der Nähe beeinflusst werden kann. Eine zuverlässige Selektion unterschiedlicher Paarungen von elektronischen Ausweisen und stationären Erfassungsgeräten allein über die Reichweite ist daher nicht möglich.In contrast to conventional access control systems with data transmissions in only one frequency range, the invention uses data transmissions both in the UHF range, namely 868 MHz, and a wake-up function and location information in the LF range, namely 125 kHz. High data rates can be achieved in the UHF range, so that large amounts of data can be processed very quickly. A long range of several meters is also possible. However, it is very difficult to predict the exact range of the communicating UHF transceivers, since the spread can be influenced by people or objects nearby. It is therefore not possible to reliably select different pairings of electronic IDs and stationary registration devices based solely on the range.
Im LF Bereich hingegen wird die Ausbreitung der elektromagnetischen Wellen nur sehr wenig von Gegenständen beeinträchtigt und wenn, auch nur von großen ferromagnetischen Massen. Die Ausbreitung des Feldes ist daher weitgehend konstant und es lässt sich mit hoher Genauigkeit bestimmen, innerhalb welchen Radius der LF-Empfänger das Sendesignal empfangen und auswerten kann. Da im LF Bereich allerdings nur geringe Datenraten möglich sind, würde ein Autorisierungsdialog lange dauern und könnte abbrechen, wenn der elektronische Ausweis das elektromagnetische Feld verlässt. Daher wird das LF-Signal nur dazu verwendet, den UHF-Transceiver im elektronischen Ausweis zu wecken und eine Ortskennung des LF-Senders zu übermitteln, die beim Dialog der UHF-Transceiver rückübermittelt wird. Die UHF-Transceiver der elektronischen Ausweise und der stationären Erfassungsgeräte werden somit nur für den Autorisierungsdialog eingeschaltet, der allerdings viel Energie benötigt, und bleiben in der übrigen Zeit im Ruhezustand, in der sie nur sehr wenig Energie benötigt wird.In the LF range, on the other hand, the propagation of electromagnetic waves is very little affected by objects, and if so, only by large ferromagnetic masses. The spread of the field is therefore largely constant and it can be determined with great accuracy within which radius the LF receiver can receive and evaluate the transmission signal. Because in the LF However, in the area where only low data rates are possible, an authorization dialog would take a long time and could break off if the electronic ID leaves the electromagnetic field. The LF signal is therefore only used to wake up the UHF transceiver in the electronic ID card and to transmit a location identifier of the LF transmitter, which is transmitted back when the UHF transceiver is in dialogue. The UHF transceivers of the electronic ID cards and the stationary registration devices are therefore only switched on for the authorization dialog, which, however, requires a lot of energy, and remain idle for the rest of the time, in which they require very little energy.
Der LF-Empfänger im elektronischen Ausweis ist zwar dauerhaft aktiv, verbraucht aber wenig Energie. Daher lässt sich der elektronische Ausweis über lange Zeit mit Energie aus einer Batterie versorgen und erfordert nur eine geringe Baugröße, die es ermöglicht, den elektronischen Ausweis in der Kleidung oder am Körper, zum Beispiel am Handgelenk als Uhr oder Uhr-Attrappe, zu tragen.The LF receiver in the electronic ID card is permanently active, but consumes little energy. Therefore, the electronic ID can be supplied with energy from a battery for a long time and requires only a small size, which makes it possible to wear the electronic ID in clothing or on the body, for example on the wrist as a watch or dummy watch.
Auch der LF-Sender ist auf einen geringen Energieverbrauch ausgerichtet, da er gemeinsam mit einer Batterie im Türbeschlag angeordnet ist und diese Batterie zur Energieversorgung ausreichen muss. Stationäre Erfassungsvorrichtungen können so ohne bauliche Veränderungen der Elektroinstallation eingerichtet oder ergänzt werden. Lösungen aus dem Kraftfahrzeugbereich sind nicht direkt übertragbar, da dort eine wesentlich größere Batteriekapazität zur Verfügung steht.The LF transmitter is also designed for low energy consumption, since it is arranged together with a battery in the door fitting and this battery must be sufficient for energy supply. Stationary detection devices can thus be set up or supplemented without structural changes to the electrical installation. Solutions from the motor vehicle sector are not directly transferable, since a much larger battery capacity is available there.
Ein PIR-Sensor sorgt dafür, dass der LF Sender nur dann aktiviert wird, wenn sich das Wärmebild durch eine der Tür nähernde Person ändert. Der PIR-Sensor verbraucht extrem wenig Energie und hat eine wesentlich größere Reichweite als ein kapazitiver Sensor. Damit bleibt ausreichend Zeit, den LF Sender zu aktivieren und den Datenaustausch zur Identifikation abzuschließen, ehe die sich der Tür nähernde Person mit der Hand den Türgriff erreicht hat.A PIR sensor ensures that the LF transmitter is only activated when the thermal image changes due to someone approaching the door. The PIR sensor consumes extremely little energy and has a much longer range than a capacitive sensor. This leaves enough time to activate the LF transmitter and complete the data exchange for identification before the person approaching the door has reached the door handle with his hand.
Dadurch, dass der LF-Sender der Erfassungsvorrichtung durch den PIR Sensor nur in Zeitabständen aktiviert wird, verbraucht die Erfassungsvorrichtung ebenfalls nur wenig Energie. Fehlaktivierungen treten zwar auf, wenn andere Personen den Erfassungsbereich des PIR-Sensors betreten, dies ist aber wesentlich seltener als ein Dauerbetrieb.Because the LF transmitter of the detection device is only activated at intervals by the PIR sensor, the detection device also consumes little energy. Incorrect activation occurs when other people enter the detection range of the PIR sensor, but this is much less common than continuous operation.
Weiterhin sorgt eine Weckinformation am Anfang der LF-Sendung dafür, dass der LF-Empfänger des elektronischen Ausweises nicht bereits durch Störfelder anderer Sender veranlasst wird, seinen eigenen UHF-Transceiver zu starten.Furthermore, wake-up information at the beginning of the LF transmission ensures that the LF receiver of the electronic ID card is not already caused by interference fields from other transmitters to start his own UHF transceiver.
Die Sendeleistung des LF-Senders in Verbindung mit dessen Antennengewinn und die Eingangsempfindlichkeit des LF-Empfängers in Verbindung mit dessen Antennengewinn sollte so bemessen sein, dass die Reichweite der LF-Übertragungsstrecke zwischen 40 cm und 2 m beträgt.The transmission power of the LF transmitter in connection with its antenna gain and the input sensitivity of the LF receiver in connection with its antenna gain should be such that the range of the LF transmission path is between 40 cm and 2 m.
Es ist bei dieser Reichweite zu erwarten, dass eine Erfassung auch dann stattfinden kann, wenn der elektronische Ausweis sich gerade an der der Erfassungsvorrichtung abgewandten Seite des Körpers des Benutzers befindet. Weiterhin wird verhindert, dass die UHF-Transceiver von elektronischen Ausweisen und Erfassungsvorrichtungen unnötig aktiviert werden, wenn Bewohner oder Personal ohne Zutrittswunsch lediglich Flure entlang gehen.With this range, it is to be expected that a detection can also take place when the electronic ID card is located on the side of the body of the user facing away from the detection device. It also prevents the UHF transceivers from being unnecessarily activated by electronic ID cards and data entry devices if residents or staff simply walk along corridors without an access request.
Vorzugsweise ist die Reichweite des PIR-Sensors so groß wie die Reichweite der LF-Übertragungsstrecke.The range of the PIR sensor is preferably as large as the range of the LF transmission path.
Dadurch wird gewährleistet, dass bei Eintritt in den Erfassungsbereich des PIR-Sensors auch das Signal des LF-Senders vom LF-Empfänger des elektronischen Ausweises empfangen und ausgewertet werden kann.This ensures that when the PIR sensor enters the detection range, the signal from the LF transmitter can also be received and evaluated by the LF receiver of the electronic ID card.
Weiter vorzugsweise weist das vom LF-Sender erzeugte elektromagnetische Feld eine Kugelcharakteristik auf und die Antennenanordnung des LF Empfängers weist ebenfalls eine Kugelcharakteristik auf.More preferably, the electromagnetic field generated by the LF transmitter has a spherical characteristic and the antenna arrangement of the LF receiver also has a spherical characteristic.
Es lässt sich dann einfach ein Radius um den Ort der Erfassungsvorrichtung angeben innerhalb dessen der Eintritt eines elektronischen Ausweises erkannt und ausgewertet wird. Dies vereinfacht die Bemessung und Justierung der Erfassungsbereiche benachbarter Erfassungsvorrichtungen, so dass diese eindeutig sind und sich nicht überlappen oder stören.It is then easy to specify a radius around the location of the detection device within which the entry of an electronic ID card is recognized and evaluated. This simplifies the dimensioning and adjustment of the detection areas of adjacent detection devices, so that they are clear and do not overlap or interfere.
Gemäß einer Weiterbildung kann die Reichweite durch Variation der Sendeleistung in Grenzen einstellbar sein.According to a further development, the range can be set within limits by varying the transmission power.
Dadurch ist es möglich, die Funktion und damit auch den Energieverbrauch insbesondere der Erfassungsvorrichtungen an die örtlichen Gegebenheiten und an Gewohnheiten der Bewohner anzupassen.This makes it possible to adapt the function and thus also the energy consumption, in particular of the detection devices, to the local conditions and habits of the residents.
Eine Weiterbildung sieht vor, dass den elektronischen Ausweisen unterschiedliche Berechtigungsstufen zugewiesen sind, dass in einer eingeschränkten Berechtigungsstufe den elektronischen Ausweisen nur wenige individuelle Berechtigungen erteilt sind, die auf nur automatisch ausführbare Aktionen beschränkt sind und dass in erweiterten Berechtigungsstufen den elektronischen Ausweisen weitere individuelle Berechtigungen erteilt sind, aufgrund der weitere Aktionen automatisch und/oder individuell über eine Eingabevorrichtung ausführbar sind.A further development provides that different authorization levels are assigned to the electronic ID cards, that only a few individual authorizations are granted to the electronic ID cards in a restricted authorization level, which are limited to actions that can only be carried out automatically, and that additional individual authorizations are granted to the electronic ID cards in extended authorization levels , on the basis of which further actions can be carried out automatically and / or individually via an input device.
Bei desorientierten Bewohnern kann somit der elektronische Ausweis am Handgelenk getragen werden und wenn der Bewohner sich seiner Zimmertür nähert und in den Weckradius der Erfassungsvorrichtung gelangt, wird das von der Erfassungsvorrichtung ausgesandte LF-Signal mit der Ortskennung vom LF-Empfänger des elektronischen Ausweises empfangen und nach Einschalten des UHF-Transceivers der Autorisierungsdialog mit dem UHF-Transceiver der Erfassungsvorrichtung ausgeführt. Bei Berechtigung wird dann ein Aktor einer Freigabevorrichtung aktiviert, die den Türdrücker über einen Druckermechanismus mit der Falle koppelt und durch Drücken des Türdrückers das Öffnen der Tür ermöglicht. Das Aktivieren der Freigabevorrichtung erfolgt somit automatisch. Bei anderen Türen, zu denen der Bewohner keinen Zutritt hat, bleibt die Tür jedoch auch bei Drücken des Türdrückers geschlossen. Neben der Freigabe von Türen können Bereiche auch lediglich überwacht werden und Alarmmeldungen abgesetzt werden.With disoriented residents, the electronic ID can thus be worn on the wrist and when the resident approaches his or her door and enters the wake-up radius of the detection device, the LF signal transmitted by the detection device with the location identifier is received by the LF receiver of the electronic ID and after Turn on the UHF transceiver the authorization dialog is carried out with the UHF transceiver of the detection device. If authorized, an actuator of a release device is then activated, which couples the lever handle to the latch via a printer mechanism and enables the door to be opened by pressing the door handle. The enabling device is thus activated automatically. With other doors to which the resident has no access, the door remains closed even when the lever handle is pressed. In addition to the release of doors, areas can also only be monitored and alarm messages can be issued.
Bewohner ohne Einschränkungen können elektronische Ausweise mit sich führen, die erweiterte Berechtigungen umfassen, zum Beispiel auch das Verlassen der Pflegeeinrichtung. Pflegepersonal und andere Beschäftigte können darüber hinaus zusätzliche Berechtigungen erhalten, wobei die Möglichkeit besteht, auch durch eine Tastatur wahlweise Aktionen auszuführen, wie individuelles Öffnen weiterer Türen oder Aufzüge.Residents without restrictions can carry electronic IDs with extended authorizations, for example leaving the care facility. Nursing staff and other employees can also receive additional authorizations, with the option of also using keyboard to perform optional actions, such as opening additional doors or lifts individually.
Weitere Ausführungen von stationären Erfassungsvorrichtungen können an Ein- oder Ausgängen eines zu überwachenden Bereichs angeordnet sein und mit Türsteuerungen und/oder mit einer Registrierungs- und/oder Alarmierungsvorrichtung gekoppelt sein.Further designs of stationary detection devices can be arranged at inputs or outputs of an area to be monitored and can be coupled to door controls and / or to a registration and / or alarm device.
Hierbei kann es sich um Gemeinschaftsräume oder Bereiche außerhalb des Gebäudes handeln, die ebenfalls über Türen zugänglich sind oder auch solche Bereiche, die nur darauf überwacht werden, ob Bewohner sich unbeaufsichtigt entfernen wollen.These can be common areas or areas outside the building that are also accessible via doors or areas that are only monitored to see whether residents want to leave unattended.
Zusätzliche Erfassungsvorrichtungen können drahtgebunden, mittels LAN oder mittels UHF- oder WLAN-Transceivern über ein Netzwerk mit einer Registrierungs- und/oder Alarmzentrale verbunden sein. Dabei ist es auch möglich, die gleiche UHF-Funkstrecke zu nutzen, wie sie die Erfassungsvorrichtungen beim Autorisierungsdialog mit den elektronischen Ausweisen verwenden.Additional detection devices can be connected to a registration and / or alarm center by wire, by means of LAN or by means of UHF or WLAN transceivers via a network. It is also possible that to use the same UHF radio link as the detection devices use in the authorization dialog with the electronic ID cards.
Dadurch ist es auch möglich, die Funktion autarker stationärer Erfassungsvorrichtungen oder auch elektronischer Ausweise zu überwachen, um zum Beispiel gescheiterte Zugangsversuche zu registrieren.As a result, it is also possible to monitor the function of self-sufficient stationary registration devices or electronic ID cards, for example in order to register failed access attempts.
Vorzugsweise verfügen die Transceiver der stationären Erfassungsvorrichtungen über eine Kollisionsauflösungsroutine.The transceivers of the stationary detection devices preferably have a collision resolution routine.
Dadurch ist es möglich, Zugangswünsche oder andere Vorgänge auch dann zu erfassen, wenn sich eine Mehrzahl von Bewohnern gerade in einem Überwachungsbereich aufhält und Autorisierungsdialoge gleichzeitig angestoßen werden.This makes it possible to record access requests or other processes even when a large number of residents are currently in a surveillance area and authorization dialogs are triggered at the same time.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert, das in der Zeichnung dargestellt und anschließend beschrieben ist.
- Fig. 1
- zeigt ein Blockschaltbild eines Zugangssteuerungssystem nach der Erfindung,
- Fig. 2
- zeigt einen Türbeschlag zur Aufnahme einer Erfassungsvorrichtung,
- Fig. 3 und 4
- zeigen Varianten von elektronischen Ausweisen,
- Fig. 5
- zeigt einen schematischen Grundriss einer Pflegeeinrichtung mit Anordnungen von Erfassungsvorrichtungen.
- Fig. 1
- shows a block diagram of an access control system according to the invention,
- Fig. 2
- shows a door fitting for receiving a detection device,
- 3 and 4
- show variants of electronic ID cards,
- Fig. 5
- shows a schematic plan view of a care facility with arrangements of detection devices.
Die Zeichnung zeigt Darstellungen eines Zugangssteuerungssystems, welches besonders für Pflegeeinrichtungen mit desorientierten Bewohnern geeignet ist. Es gewährt den Bewohnern einen einfachen Zugang zu ihren eigenen Zimmern, verhindert aber den Zugang zu fremden Zimmern. Dem Pflegepersonal hingegen wird der Zugang zu allen Zimmern und weiteren Räumen und Bereichen ermöglicht, die desorientierte Bewohner nicht betreten sollen. Auch orientierten Bewohnern stehen Räume und Bereiche zum Betreten zur Verfügung, die für desorientierte Bewohner unzugänglich bleiben sollen.The drawing shows representations of an access control system, which is particularly suitable for care facilities with disoriented residents. It allows residents easy access to their own rooms, prevented but access to foreign rooms. The nursing staff, on the other hand, are given access to all rooms and other rooms and areas that disoriented residents should not enter. Oriented residents also have access to rooms and areas that should remain inaccessible to disoriented residents.
In
Bewohner und Personal führen elektronische Ausweise 12 mit sich, während stationäre Erfassungsvorrichtungen 10 an den Zimmertüren der Bewohner sowie an weiteren Türen oder Türsteuerungen angeordnet sind. Im Normalfall befinden sich die elektronischen Ausweise und Erfassungsvorrichtungen in einem Ruhezustand, in welchem der größte Teil der elektronischen Schaltungen ausgeschaltet ist und somit der Gesamtenergiebedarf sehr gering ist. Lediglich der PIR Sensor 22 jeder Erfassungsvorrichtung und der LF-Empfänger 24 jedes elektronischen Ausweises sind aktiv.Residents and staff carry
Nähert sich eine Person mit einem elektronischen Ausweis 12 einer Erfassungsvorrichtung 10, wird eine Änderung des Wärmebildes vom PIR-Sensor 22 der betreffenden Erfassungsvorrichtung 10 erkannt und über die Steuerung 18 der LF-Sender 14 veranlasst, wiederholt eine Ortskennung zu senden und den UHF-Transceiver 16 in einen Betriebszustand zu versetzen. Die Reichweite des LF-Signals ist etwa gleich groß wie der Erfassungsbereiche des PIR-Sensors 22, so dass ein von der Person mitgeführter elektronischer Ausweis 12 gleichzeitig ins Lesefeld der Erfassungsvorrichtung 10 gelangt, wenn die Ortskennung gesendet wird. Der LF-Empfänger 24 des elektronischen Ausweises 12 empfängt dann die Ortskennung, woraufhin die Steuerung 28 den UHF-Transceiver 26 in einen Betriebszustand versetzt und die empfangene Ortskennung an den UHF-Transceiver 26 zur Rückübermittlung weiterleitet. Der UHF-Transceiver 26 des elektronischen Ausweises 12 und der UHF-Transceiver 16 der Erfassungsvorrichtung 10 führen nun einen Autorisierungsdialog aus, in dem die Ortskennung in Verbindung mit einer Benutzerkennung der Person, der der elektronische Ausweis12 zugeordnet ist, an die Erfassungsvorrichtung 10 übertragen wird. Von der Steuervorrichtung 18 wird das Ergebnis ausgewertet. Steht der Bewohner vor seiner eigenen Zimmertür, wird eine Berechtigung erkannt und durch die Steuerung 18 ein Aktor 20 in Form eines Antriebsmotors betätigt, der einen Türdrücker mit einer Drückermechanik einkoppelt. Der Bewohner kann dann durch Drücken des Türdrückers die Tür zu seinem Zimmer öffnen. Steht der Bewohner hingegen vor einer fremden Zimmertür oder einer anderen Tür, zu der er keinen Zutritt hat, wird das Zugangsbegehren abgewiesen, in dem der Aktor 20 nicht durch die Steuerung 18 betätigt wird.If a person approaches an
Durch die Aufteilung in eine LF-Funkstrecke im Frequenzbereich 125 kHz und in eine UHF-Funkstrecke im Frequenzbereich von 868 MHz erfolgt das Aktivieren des elektronischen Ausweises, also das Einschalten dessen UHF-Transceivers 26 nur in einem Radius zwischen 40 cm und 2 m um die Erfassungsvorrichtung. Im LF-Bereich wird nämlich die Ausbreitung durch Gegenstände im Lesefeld nur wenig verändert, so dass die Geometrie des Lesefeldes sehr genau festgelegt werden kann. Die Antennen der LF-Sender der Erfassungsvorrichtungen haben Kugelcharakteristik und können so justiert werden, dass sich keine Überlappungen mit Erfassungsvorrichtungen benachbarter Zimmer ergeben. Auch die Antennen der LF Empfänger der elektronischen Ausweise haben Kugelcharakteristik und empfangen das Lesefeld mit gleicher Feldstärke unabhängig von ihrer Ausrichtung im Raum. Aufgrund der bei niedrigen Frequenzen ebenfalls niedrigen Datenrate findet nur eine Übermittlung in einer Richtung von der Erfassungsvorrichtung zum elektronischen Ausweis statt. Dabei wird lediglich die Ortskennung der Erfassungsvorrichtung übertragen. Da diese Übertragung wiederholt wird, kann auf einen Dialog verzichtet werden und es wird davon ausgegangen, dass bei mehreren Übertragungen zumindest einmal die Ortskennung richtig empfangen und ausgewertet werden kann.By dividing it into an LF radio link in the frequency range 125 kHz and a UHF radio link in the frequency range of 868 MHz, the electronic ID is activated, i.e. the
Die UHF-Funkstrecke ermöglicht hingegen eine höhere Datenrate und eignet sich somit für einen Dialog, bei dem auch umfangreichere Daten übermittelt werden können. Auch wird eine höhere Reichweite erzielt, die allerdings aufgrund von Reflexionen und Dämpfungen stark variieren kann. Die UHF-Transceiver benötigen mehr Energie als ein LF Empfänger oder ein getakteter LF-Sender und werden daher nur eingeschaltet, wenn die Annäherung eines elektronischen Ausweises an eine Erfassungsvorrichtung erkannt wird. Wenn bei einer Erfassungsvorrichtung auf den optionalen PIR-Sensor verzichtet wird, kann der Energiebedarf auch durch Reduzierung der Taktfolge verringert werden, mit dem der LF-Sender veranlasst wird, die Ortskennung zu senden. Allerdings darf diese Taktfolge nicht so weit reduziert werden, dass die Person nach Eintritt in das Lesefeld bereits den Türdrücker betätigt hat, ehe ein erster Autorisierungsdialog überhaupt stattgefunden hat.The UHF radio link, on the other hand, enables a higher data rate and is therefore suitable for a dialogue in which more extensive data can also be transmitted. A higher range is also achieved, although this can vary considerably due to reflections and attenuations. The UHF transceivers require more energy than an LF receiver or a clocked LF transmitter and are therefore only switched on when the approach of an electronic ID card to a detection device is detected. If the optional PIR sensor is dispensed with in a detection device, the energy requirement can also be reduced by reducing the clock sequence with which the LF transmitter is caused to transmit the location identifier. However, this cycle sequence must not be reduced to such an extent that the person has already pressed the door handle after entering the reading field before the first authorization dialog has even taken place.
Während ein desorientierter Bewohner nur eine eingeschränkte Berechtigungsstufe hat, also zum Beispiel nur seine eigene Zimmertür öffnen darf, können nicht desorientierte Bewohner und besonders das Personal weitergehende individuelle Berechtigungen erhalten. Bei desorientierten Bewohnern kann das Steuern des Aktors 20 automatisch ohne weitere Eingriffsmöglichkeit erfolgen, während Personen mit weitergehenden Berechtigungen zusätzlich oder alternativ auch manuelle Aktionen ausführen können, wozu auf deren elektronischen Ausweis 12 eine Eingabevorrichtung 30, zum Beispiel in Form einer Tastatur, vorgesehen ist.While a disoriented resident has only a limited authorization level, e.g. may only open his own room door, non-disoriented residents and especially the staff can receive further individual authorizations. In the case of disoriented residents, the control of the
Die Erfassungsvorrichtungen 48 und 54 in den Türsteuerungen der Automatiktüren werden vorzugsweise mit Energie aus dem Hausnetz versorgt. Hier kann auf PIR-Sensoren verzichtet werden und der LF-Sender in Zeitabständen wiederholt senden. Da die Erfassungsvorrichtung 52 nicht in einem Türbeschlag untergebracht werden muss, kann auch sie mit einer dann etwas größeren Batterie für den erweiterten Erfassungsbereich betrieben werden. Ein PIR-Sensor ist dann zweckmäßig. Möglich ist jedoch auch ein Betrieb aus dem Hausnetz ohne PIR-Sensor.The
Bei allen Erfassungsvorrichtungen ist durch einen gestrichelten Kreis das Lesefeld gezeigt, indem Personen mit elektronischen Ausweisen erkannt und erfasst werden. Durch verändern der Sendeleistung der LF-Sender der Erfassungsvorrichtungen kann die Größe dieser Lesefelder angepasst werden. Bei größeren Lesefeldern, zum Beispiel am Ausgang zum Außenbereich, kann es vorkommen, dass sich dort mehrere Personen gleichzeitig aufhalten. Durch Antikollisionsroutinen der Steuerungen der Erfassungsvorrichtungen können Störungen bei der Erfassung durch gleichzeitiges Senden beseitigt werden.With all detection devices, the reading field is shown by a dashed circle in that people with electronic ID cards are recognized and detected. The size of these reading fields can be adjusted by changing the transmission power of the LF transmitters of the detection devices. With larger reading fields, for example at the exit to the outside area, it can happen that there are several people at the same time. Anti-collision routines of the controls of the detection devices can eliminate interference in the detection by simultaneous transmission.
Die Erfassungsvorrichtungen können aufgrund ihres geringen Energiebedarfs autark betrieben werden und benötigen daher keine Integration in die Elektroinstallation. Es besteht die Möglichkeit, sie drahtlos in ein Netzwerk einzubinden, zum Beispiel durch die vorhandenen UHF-Funkstrecken und zusätzliche UHF-Transceiver und/oder durch zusätzliche WLAN-Transceiver und WLAN-Hotspots. Zur Weiterleitung an eine zentrale Registriervorrichtung 58 sind daher im Innen- und Außenbereich WLAN-Hotspots 50 und 56 angeordnet.Due to their low energy consumption, the detection devices can be operated independently and therefore do not need to be integrated into the electrical installation. It is possible to integrate them wirelessly into a network, for example through the existing UHF radio links and additional UHF transceivers and / or through additional WLAN transceivers and WLAN hotspots. For forwarding to a
Die Erfassungsvorrichtungen können auch so ausgebildet sein, dass sie in Zeitabständen von etwa 1 Stunde Beacon-Kennungen aussenden mittels der die Registriervorrichtung 58 deren Anwesenheit und Funktionsfähigkeit überprüft. Derartige Aussendungen im HF-Bereich ermöglichen so die Überwachung der Erfassungsvorrichtungen, ohne deren Energiebedarf wesentlich zu erhöhen.
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Citations (6)
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DE10056533A1 (en) * | 2000-11-15 | 2002-09-12 | Hella Kg Hueck & Co | Electronic locking system for motor vehicle has store in which are filed identification data of locking elements which have participated successfully in authentication process |
EP1388469A1 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-02-11 | Hella KG Hueck & Co. | Access control system for vehicles |
WO2011100939A1 (en) * | 2010-02-22 | 2011-08-25 | ASTRA Gesellschaft für Asset Management mbH & Co. KG | Door security system |
EP2434463A2 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2012-03-28 | Phoniro AB | An access control system and associated device and method |
US20150068069A1 (en) * | 2013-07-27 | 2015-03-12 | Alexander Bach Tran | Personally powered appliance |
US9972146B1 (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2018-05-15 | Cypress Semiconductor Corporation | Security system with a wireless security device |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102014102271A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. | Method and device for granting an access permit |
DE102016207997A1 (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2017-11-16 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Secure access to a vehicle |
-
2018
- 2018-09-24 DE DE102018123423.6A patent/DE102018123423A1/en active Pending
-
2019
- 2019-09-24 EP EP19199144.7A patent/EP3627460B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10056533A1 (en) * | 2000-11-15 | 2002-09-12 | Hella Kg Hueck & Co | Electronic locking system for motor vehicle has store in which are filed identification data of locking elements which have participated successfully in authentication process |
EP1388469A1 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2004-02-11 | Hella KG Hueck & Co. | Access control system for vehicles |
EP2434463A2 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2012-03-28 | Phoniro AB | An access control system and associated device and method |
WO2011100939A1 (en) * | 2010-02-22 | 2011-08-25 | ASTRA Gesellschaft für Asset Management mbH & Co. KG | Door security system |
US9972146B1 (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2018-05-15 | Cypress Semiconductor Corporation | Security system with a wireless security device |
US20150068069A1 (en) * | 2013-07-27 | 2015-03-12 | Alexander Bach Tran | Personally powered appliance |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3627460B1 (en) | 2023-07-05 |
DE102018123423A1 (en) | 2020-03-26 |
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