EP3624683A1 - Verfahren zum nicht-invasiven bestimmen von wenigstens einem blutdruckwert, messvorrichtung und system zur nicht-invasiven blutdruckbestimmung - Google Patents
Verfahren zum nicht-invasiven bestimmen von wenigstens einem blutdruckwert, messvorrichtung und system zur nicht-invasiven blutdruckbestimmungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3624683A1 EP3624683A1 EP18728535.8A EP18728535A EP3624683A1 EP 3624683 A1 EP3624683 A1 EP 3624683A1 EP 18728535 A EP18728535 A EP 18728535A EP 3624683 A1 EP3624683 A1 EP 3624683A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- curve
- tissue
- value
- blood pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/022—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
- A61B5/02225—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers using the oscillometric method
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/022—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/7242—Details of waveform analysis using integration
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for non-invasive determination of at least one blood pressure value. It further relates to a measuring device and a system for determining at least one blood pressure value.
- an invasive or a non-invasive measuring method can be used.
- the arterial pressure is measured by means of a blood pressure monitor on one extremity, usually on the arm.
- an air-filled pressure cuff for example, to an upper arm of an individual, preferably a patient created.
- the pressure cuff is subjected to a clamping pressure, which acts on the tissue, so that a pressure change in the vessels of the individual can be detected.
- the clamping pressure which is applied to the pressure cuff, is usually passed through from a high clamping pressure to a low clamping pressure or from a low to a high clamping pressure.
- an oscillation pressure signal resulting from tissue pressure signals can be detected, which has a sequence of pressure oscillations.
- the pressure cuff is filled with air and placed around a limb of a patient and applied with increasing or decreasing pressure to detect the blood pressure or the pulse fluctuations in the blood pressure across the tissue, the amplitudes of the individual oscillation pressure signals are evaluated to the systolic and / or or to determine diastolic blood pressure.
- the pressure cuff can also be referred to as a blood pressure cuff.
- non-invasive blood pressure values requires a well-functioning measuring apparatus which, in different measuring situations, detects the oscillatory pressure signals in such a way that a reliable detection of the amplitude values is made possible in order to precisely classify the required blood pressure values. Since the tissue strength and composition between pressure cuff and artery, arterial diameter, arterial stiffness and blood pressure differ even among different patients, the measurable amplitude values are also different. In addition, the pressure cuff must be kept at heart level during the measurement. That The recorded oscillation pressure signals can look very different depending on the patient's measurement situation and blood pressure. For a usable non-invasive blood pressure measurement, the detected Oszillationsdrucksignal must also have a sufficient signal strength.
- the non-invasive measurement of blood pressure values is characterized by an uncomplicated, fast, safe and cost-effective implementation and is part of the daily medical routine In particular, there is no risk to the patient as opposed to a direct, invasive blood pressure measurement.
- invasive blood pressure measurement In invasive blood pressure measurement, an artery is punctured and a catheter is inserted. The catheter is connected to a pressure sensor so that the measured arterial blood pressure curve can be directly recorded and displayed on a monitor.
- the invasive blood pressure measurement is accurate compared to non-invasive blood pressure measurement and is particularly suitable for continuous monitoring in seriously ill patients and / or high-risk interventions.
- direct measurement is associated with the risk of, in particular, bleeding, thromboembolism, pseudoaneurysms, infections, and nerve injuries, is expensive and time consuming, and is therefore commonly used to monitor and control blood pressure during surgeries and intensive care units.
- a non-invasive, risk-free blood pressure measurement method is preferable to a risky, time-consuming and expensive invasive blood pressure measurement method, provided that the non-invasive method meets the requirements of accuracy, measurement frequency, reproducibility, and practicability.
- it is necessary to continuously rinse the catheter for invasive measurement of blood pressure to continuously remove minute blood clots from the catheter tip and to continuously apply undisturbed blood pressure curves using the free-communicating tube principle to capture.
- the invasive blood pressure measurement method can provide more accurate measurement results than a non-invasive blood pressure measurement procedure.
- non-invasive blood pressure measurements are preferable for rapid or ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
- a non-invasive blood pressure measurement procedure should be as accurate and fast repeatable, or even continuous, that it can replace invasive measurement with minimal compromises.
- the invention has for its object to provide an improved method for non-invasive determination of at least one blood pressure value.
- the object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments can be found in the dependent claims.
- the invention proposes to detect a tissue pressure signal by means of a pressure cuff, wherein the tissue pressure signal comprises a sequence of tissue pressure pulse curves. According to the invention, it is provided to identify at least two tissue pressure pulse curves from the tissue pressure signal and to classify these tissue pressure pulse curves based on characteristic parameters.
- tissue pressure signal takes place over time or over the clamping pressure.
- tissue pressure values supplied by a pressure sensor in the pressure cuff are recorded or stored together with the associated measuring times and / or clamping pressures. With these value pairs stored in this way, further processing of the tissue pressure signal is undertaken.
- the stored value pairs of tissue pressure and measuring time or clamping pressure can be processed prior to their further processing, in which, for example, value pairs lying outside a trend remain disregarded.
- Various filter functions that are applied to the raw data can be used to create a database that is used for the noninvasive determination of blood pressure values according to the invention.
- the identification may also include the graphic representation of the tissue pressure signal with the individual tissue pressure pulse curves.
- a recurring pattern is detected in the tissue pressure signal or in the value pairs.
- a tissue pressure pulse curve may be detected from a tissue pressure diastole minimum to the following tissue pressure diastole minimum.
- the successive tissue pressure diastole minima in the tissue pressure signal represent end-diastolic points (time and pressure).
- tissue pressure pulse curve an end-diastolic point to the following end-diastolic point or whose associated value pairs lie between these points.
- Tissue Pressure Pulse Curve is considered to be the segment from one end-diastolic point to the next end-diastolic point, the systole is in-between, ie, the Tissue Pressure Pulse curve increases from the first end-diastolic point to the systole, where the tissue pressure signal values reach a local maximum and then to the fall off following end-diastolic point.
- the rising part of the tissue pressure pulse curve that slopes down to the aortic valve closure (marked by an incisor, ie dicrotic notch) is referred to as the systolic section and the part that continues to descend after the dicrotic notch is referred to as the diastolic section.
- a filter is applied to the detected tissue pressure signal, which either increases monotonously or gradually in the pressure region or is kept constant for a certain time, to determine the clamping pressure.
- This clamping pressure is subtracted from the tissue pressure signal in order to filter out the high frequency components from the tissue pressure signal for further processing, so that only the alternating component of the detected tissue pressure signal is used for the determination according to the invention of the blood pressure values.
- Such a conditioned signal allows normalized or non-normalized further processing.
- comparable parameters can be determined therefrom for different tissue pressure pulse curves, which allow a reliable determination of the blood pressure values.
- At least one amplitude parameter is determined for each identified tissue pressure pulse curve.
- This amplitude parameter represents a relationship between a tissue pressure diastolic minimum and a tissue pressure systole maximum of a tissue pressure pulse curve.
- the amplitude parameter may also comprise only a part between a tissue pressure diastolic minimum and a tissue pressure systole maximum of a tissue pressure pulse curve.
- a surface parameter is determined for each identified tissue pressure pulse trace indicative of an area enclosed by the tissue pressure pulse curve. This can be either a partial area of the area enclosed by the tissue pressure pulse curve or also the complete area enclosed by the tissue pressure pulse curve.
- This pulsation power parameter represents a characteristic value for a tissue pressure pulse curve.
- the amplitude parameter and the area parameter are linked or set in relation to each other.
- a parameter function is determined which determines a relationship between the determined or determined pulsation power parameters of the respective identified tissue pressure pulse curves and the associated Clamping pressures on the pressure cuff or the measuring times describes.
- characteristic values of the parameter function can be determined which are used according to the invention for the direct or indirect determination of a blood pressure value.
- At least one systolic, one mean and / or one diastolic blood pressure value can be determined.
- the pressure cuff In order to detect the tissue pressure signal, the pressure cuff is subjected to a clamping pressure which is passed through a predetermined pressure range from a low clamping pressure to a high clamping pressure or from a high clamping pressure to a low clamping pressure.
- the tissue pressure signal is also possible to determine the tissue pressure signal from low to high or from high to low clamping pressure only for a certain range or range of the specified pressure range.
- the low clamping pressure is less than the diastolic blood pressure value and the high clamping pressure is higher than the systolic blood pressure value. Since both the diastolic and the systolic blood pressure values are different in different patients, empirical values are used here for the low clamping pressure used as the initial pressure and the high clamping pressure used as the end pressure.
- the pressure range is quickly traversed by means of a first measuring method. This will quickly give you a preliminary systolic and / or diastolic blood pressure reading.
- the associated diastolic or systolic blood pressure value can be determined with the preliminary blood pressure value or values thus determined, so that the pressure range to be traversed can be determined quickly with the associated start and end values of the clamping pressure.
- the pressure range defined for the patient can then be passed slowly through in order to carry out the exact measurements on the basis of the detected tissue pressure signal.
- the determined amplitude parameters of the tissue pressure pulse curves are multiplied by the associated area parameters in order to obtain the respective pulsation power parameter.
- the pulsation power parameter can be determined for each tissue pressure pulse curve by occupying either the area parameter or the amplitude parameter or both with a preferred power.
- a preferred power it has proven to be particularly advantageous to triple the amplitude parameter.
- tissue pressure pulse curve In a further particular embodiment of the invention it is proposed that only a partial area is used as area parameter, which is enclosed by the tissue pressure pulse curve. Observations from the changes in the shape of the tissue pressure pulse curves show that, when the systolic pressure is exceeded, the amplitude and the absolute area of the respective tissue pressure pulse curve decreases and, in particular, the shape of the upper 1/2 to 1/10 part of the pulse curve increases from approximately and that the tissue pressure systole maxima can shift from late to early systolic. These changes tions affect the upper systolic part of the tissue pressure pulse curve. Therefore, systolic partial areas are defined, which are particularly sensitive to passing through the systolic pressure.
- a systolic upper partial area is determined based on a predetermined percentage amplitude value, in which a preferably horizontally extending line which intersects the (also straightened to the clamping pressure gradient corrected) tissue pressure pulse curve and a lower boundary of the partial area to be determined forms, wherein the systole characterizing partial area then lies between the line and the tissue pressure pulse waveform.
- each pulsation power parameter is then assigned a measuring time or a clamping pressure, which are assigned to the respective tissue pressure pulse curve. This assignment is referred to below as a parameter function. That the parameter function maps the pulsation power parameter over the measuring time or the clamping pressure.
- a Cauchy-Lorentz bell curve can be applied.
- a first systolic blood pressure value by means of the determined parameter function.
- the maximum of the parameter function is determined.
- a first parameter function value is determined, which follows the maximum of the parameter function in the case of a pressure curve from a low to a high clamping pressure and has a parameter function value reduced with respect to the maximum by a predetermined proportion.
- the respective first measuring time or the associated first clamping pressure is determined in each case at the maximum parameter function value or the first parameter function value.
- a parameter parameter preceding the maximum is determined as the first parameter function value, which is also reduced by a predetermined proportion with respect to the maximum.
- the associated first measuring time or the first clamping pressure is determined.
- a corresponding first blood pressure value is determined from the tissue pressure signal.
- the upper envelope of the tissue pressure signal is preferably used to determine the first systolic blood pressure value at the first measurement time or the first clamping pressure from the tissue pressure signal.
- a first mean blood pressure value by using the generated parameter function.
- the maximum of the Parameter Shentation is determined.
- a second parameter function value preceding the maximum is determined, which has a second parameter function value reduced by a predetermined proportion with respect to the maximum.
- the associated second measuring time or the associated second clamping pressure is determined.
- a maximum of the following second parameter function value is determined, which has a parameter function value reduced by a predetermined proportion with respect to the maximum, and the associated second measuring time and / or the associated second clamping pressure are determined.
- a corresponding second pressure value is determined or read from the tissue pressure signal.
- the clamping pressure in the tissue pressure signal is preferably used in order to determine therefrom the corresponding first mean blood pressure value.
- the generated parameter function is determined to determine a first diastolic blood pressure value.
- the maximum of the parameter function is determined.
- a third parameter function value preceding the maximum is determined, which has a parameter function value reduced by a predetermined proportion with respect to the maximum, and the associated third measuring time or the associated third clamping pressure is determined.
- a maximum subsequent third parameter function value is determined from the parameter function having a parameter function value reduced by a predetermined proportion with respect to the maximum and the associated third measuring time or the associated third clamping pressure.
- the corresponding pressure value is determined from the tissue pressure signal or a signal dependent thereon.
- the thus determined pressure value corresponds to the first diastolic blood pressure value.
- the first diastolic blood pressure value is determined from a lower envelope of the tissue pressure signal.
- the first mean blood pressure value and a difference between the first mean blood pressure value and the first systolic blood pressure value are multiplied by coefficients derived from invasive blood pressure measurements, their difference is formed, and a correction constant derived from invasive blood pressure measurements is subtracted.
- the first diastolic blood pressure value and the difference between the first systolic blood pressure value and the first diastolic blood pressure value are multiplied by coefficients derived from invasive blood pressure measurements.
- a second correction constant derived from invasive blood pressure measurements is used to obtain a corresponding second mean blood pressure value.
- first mean blood pressure value determined by means of the parameter function and the second mean blood pressure value determined by the estimation formula it is therefore possible to link the first mean blood pressure value determined by means of the parameter function and the second mean blood pressure value determined by the estimation formula to one another, preferably to weight and to one, thus a third averaged one to obtain mean blood pressure.
- both a directly measured first average blood pressure value and a second mean blood pressure value derived from the first diastolic or first systolic blood pressure value are determined, which are then linked to one another in such a way that a more reliable third average blood pressure value can be obtained.
- first diastolic blood pressure value determined by the parameter function and the second diastolic blood pressure value obtained by the estimation formula from the first average systolic blood pressure value may be weighted to thereby obtain an averaged third diastolic blood pressure value.
- tissue pressure pulse curves in the tissue pressure signal by means of the identified tissue pressure pulse curves in the tissue pressure signal, it is possible to obtain a second systolic blood pressure value from a tissue pressure signal by determining a width parameter with respect to the tissue pressure pulse curve for a sequence of tissue pressure pulse curves.
- This width parameter characterizes a change in the systole of the tissue pressure pulse curves during the systole passage, in particular the maximum or the peak in the systole of the tissue pressure pulse curve. Based on the change in the systole shape, the systolic blood pressure value can be determined.
- the width parameter is determined based on an end-diastolic point of a previous tissue pressure pulse curve and a maximum of the current tissue pressure pulse curve.
- This width parameter is determined for several, preferably successive, tissue pressure pulse curves, with the associated measurement times or clamping pressures being detected. It is also determined at which measuring time or at which clamping pressure the width parameter has a maximum change.
- the point in time at which the width parameter has a maximum change over a plurality of tissue pressure pulse curves is the time at which the second systolic blood pressure value is determined from the tissue pressure signal or from a signal dependent thereon, preferably the clamping pressure. That is, at the measurement time or the clamping pressure at which this width parameter changes the most, the second systolic blood pressure value at the tissue pressure signal can be preferably derived at the clamping pressure of the tissue pressure signal.
- the upper partial surface is in an upper partial surface located at a pressure increase before a tissue pressure systole maximum of the current tissue pressure pulse curve and an upper temporal after a tissue pressure systole maximum of the current tissue pressure pulse curve Subdivision divided.
- the faces are formed as triangles.
- the tissue pressure pulse curve is delimited by a lower, preferably horizontal, straight line that intersects the tissue pressure pulse curve, straightening the tissue pressure pulse curve by filtering out the clamping pressure gradient.
- a common straight line is laid through the tissue pressure systole maximum of the current tissue pressure pulse curve and a connecting straight line is established between the intersection of the horizontal lower line with the tissue pressure pulse curve and the tissue pressure systole maximum of the current tissue pressure pulse curve.
- This method can be performed independently of the method described above with the parameter function. However, it may also be combined with the method described above by determining the second systolic blood pressure value, which is determined based on the temporal shift of the tissue pressure systole maximum within the systole of the tissue pressure pulse curves in a series of consecutive tissue pressure pulse waveforms. From the two differently determined first and second systolic blood pressure values, in turn, a weighted averaged third systolic blood pressure value can be derived.
- a moving average value of the width parameter over a predetermined number of tissue pressure pulse curves is determined. Then, a difference is calculated from the moving average of the width parameter and the single width parameter for each tissue pressure pulse curve. Based on these differences, a standard deviation function is generated for the individual tissue pressure pulse curves, and within this standard deviation function the center of the half width of a developing bell shape of the standard deviation function is determined at which the second systolic blood pressure value is readable at the middle of the half width.
- a moving average of the area ratio of the two subareas is determined over a predetermined number of tissue pressure pulse curves. Then a difference is determined from the moving average of the area ratio of the two partial areas and the individual area ratio of the two partial areas for each tissue pressure pulse curve. Based on these differences, a standard deviation function is generated for the individual tissue pressure pulse curves, and within this standard deviation function, the center of the half width of a developing bell shape of the standard deviation function is determined at which the second systolic blood pressure value is readable at the center of the half width.
- a method for non-invasively determining a fourth mean blood pressure value from a tissue pressure signal is provided.
- tissue pressure pulse curves are identified in the tissue pressure signal.
- one area is calculated each time until the subsequent Tissue Pressure Pulse Curve.
- the calculated area is subdivided into two partial areas, in particular into a partial area containing the systole area and a diastolic partial area, wherein the partial area containing the systole area lies below the tissue pressure pulse curve and the diastolic partial area lies above the tissue pressure / diastole minimum of the tissue pressure pulse curve.
- the fourth mean blood pressure value may be determined from a corresponding tissue pressure signal, preferably the nip pressure.
- the mean blood pressure value may be weighted and averaged with the fourth mean blood pressure value, and thus, a fifth weighted mean blood pressure value may be obtained.
- tissue pressure pulse curves it is advantageous to subtract or filter out the clamping pressure component from the tissue pressure signal, in order thus to obtain the alternating component from the tissue pressure signal and thus to transform the tissue pressure signal into a horizontal signal waveform. This provides better comparability of the tissue pressure pulse curves and the individual parameters can be analyzed better.
- step of identifying tissue pressure pulse traces at least two consecutive tissue pressure pulse traces are identified. To increase the reliability of the blood pressure values, the number of identified and analyzed tissue pressure pulse curves can be increased.
- the pressure range is traversed during the measurement with a predetermined pressure change rate.
- the pressure range can preferably be determined during the measurement.
- the pressure change rate may also be adjusted in time, for example, initially measured at a rapid pressure change rate and subsequently at a slow pressure change rate.
- the object is also achieved by means of a measuring apparatus for the non-invasive determination of blood pressure values, in which a tissue pressure signal is detected by means of a pressure cuff on an individual, wherein the measuring apparatus comprises at least one control unit which performs the above-described methods for determining the systolic, middle and / or or diastolic blood pressure value.
- a pressure cuff is used for receiving the tissue pressure signal, wherein a pressure sensor is arranged in the pressure cuff and is hydraulically coupled to the tissue.
- a system for non-invasive blood pressure determination which comprises a pressure cuff with at least one pressure sensor, which is provided for detecting the tissue pressure signal to an individual, the system having a measuring device, as described above, by at least one blood pressure value from the detected tissue pressure signal.
- the system may include a display unit for displaying the detected tissue pressure signal and the identified tissue pressure pulse waveforms.
- the measuring device may have a control unit which is provided to control a pressure transducer such that a pressure is dynamically raised and / or released on the pressure sleeve via a pressure range determined during the measurement.
- a cup winding cuff is used as a pressure cuff, which has an inner kink-resistant shell, which hermetically encloses the limb during the measurement and which is hydraulically coupled to the tissue.
- the shell wrap cuff hydraulically coupled transcutaneous tissue pressure pulse curves are detected with a pressure transducer seated in / at the pressure cuff.
- no pressure sensor is placed in the air-filled cuff. The pressure is transmitted via an air line to a measuring device. and measured there. Due to the transmission based on air, many information of the tissue pressure signal are damped away and can therefore no longer be used for an evaluation. In other words, for a high-quality measurement, it is advisable to record the tissue pressure signal as highly as possible.
- the arrangement of a pressure sensor in the pressure cuff on the skin without the damping elements, e.g. Air cushions, in between (hydraulic coupling).
- Protective films or, for compatibility reasons, special substances between the skin and the sensor are possible because they only minimally attenuate the transmission of the tissue pressure pulse curve.
- FIG. 1 shows a graphic representation of a tissue pressure signal, signals derived therefrom and the actuator pressure
- FIG. 2A, 2B, 2C each show a tissue pressure pulse curve and parameters according to the first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3A shows a parameter curve of amplitude parameters and area parameters according to FIGS. 2A-2C over time and blood pressure values derived therefrom;
- FIG. 3B shows a parameter curve of amplitude parameters and area parameters according to FIGS. 2A-2C above the clamping pressure and blood pressure values derived therefrom;
- FIGS. 4A, 4B each show a correlation between blood pressure values determined by an estimate formula and invasively determined blood pressure values;
- 5A, 5B and 5C each show a correlation between non-invasively determined blood pressure values to invasively determined blood pressure values.
- FIG. 6A shows tissue pressure pulse curves for determining the form of the systole, changing the tissue pressure pulse curves during the systole passage according to the second exemplary embodiment
- 6B is a graph for determining the systolic blood pressure value based on the change of the triangular area ratio according to the second embodiment
- 6C is a flowchart for carrying out the method according to the second embodiment
- 6D shows tissue pressure pulse curves for ascertaining the form of the systole, changing the tissue pressure pulse curves during the systole passage according to the third exemplary embodiment
- 6E is an enlarged section of tissue pressure pulse curves for determining parameters for the third embodiment
- FIG. 6F is a graph for determining the systolic blood pressure value based on the variation of the width parameter according to the third embodiment
- FIG. 6G is a flowchart for carrying out the method according to the third embodiment
- 7A, 7B and 7C are tissue pressure pulse curves with different partial surfaces according to the fourth embodiment
- 7D is a graph for determining the mean blood pressure value based on the change of the area ratio according to the fourth embodiment
- Fig. 7E is a flowchart for carrying out the method of the fourth embodiment
- 8A are each a tissue pressure pulse curve and parameters according to an alternative embodiment of the invention based on the first embodiment
- FIG. 8B shows a parameter curve over time, derived from amplitude parameters and area parameters according to FIG. 8A, and blood pressure values derived therefrom;
- FIGS. 8C, 8D, 8E each show a regression analysis between non-invasively determined blood pressure values and simultaneously determined blood pressure values
- 9A and 9B are sectional views of a cup pressure cuff
- Fig. 10 shows the structure of a system for non-invasive blood pressure determination.
- FIGS. 1, 2A-2C and 3A-3C The first exemplary embodiment for the non-invasive determination of blood pressure values will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1, 2A-2C and 3A-3C.
- the fabric pressure signal TP is shown over the time t.
- the actuator pressure Pact applied to the pressure cuff is shown in FIG. 1 and indicates the actuator pressure Pact delivered by a measuring device. This increases from a low value by 0 mmHg to 210 mmHg (Sl 10).
- the non-invasively measured tissue pressure signal TP contains a sequence of high-resolution tissue pressure pulse curves PKi.
- the clamping pressure TPcl which lies within the curve of the tissue pressure signal TP, is determined by low-pass filtering of the tissue pressure signal TP.
- the pressure range can be traversed both from a low to a high clamping pressure TPcl or vice versa (Sl 10).
- the resulting tissue pressure signal TP measured by the pressure sensor (S120) is shown in FIG. 1 and shows tissue pressure pulse curves PKi of varying amplitude.
- the clamping pressure TPcl is shown, which rises analogously to the fabric pressure signal TP.
- FIG. 1 further shows the double alternating component TPac determined from this tissue pressure signal TP.
- this alternating component TPac which is obtained by filtering (S 130), the tissue pressure pulse curves PKi can be better analyzed and a better comparability of the parameters determined from the tissue pressure pulse curves PKi is made possible.
- the alternating component TPac is generated by subtracting the clamping pressure TPcl from the fabric pressure signal TP.
- a recoverable tissue pressure signal TP is obtained from about 30 mmHg, which is far beyond the systolic blood pressure value measurable.
- the tissue pressure pulse curves PKi are identified (S140).
- FIG. 1 shows an upper envelope TPsys-curve of the tissue pressure signal TP formed from the tissue pressure systole maxima TPsys.
- a lower envelope TPdia-curve of the tissue pressure signal TP formed from the tissue pressure diastolic minima TPdia is shown.
- FIG. 2A shows an identified tissue pressure pulse curve PKi in detail.
- the tissue pressure pulse curve PKi begins at an end-diastolic point, preferably at the local minimum of the tissue pressure pulse curve PKi, the tissue pressure diastolic minimum TPdia, and increases sharply to a maximum reached at the tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys.
- the rising edge starting from the end diastolic point to the tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys and the falling edge of the tissue pressure signal TP from the tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys to the next end diastolic point includes the tissue pressure pulse curve PKi.
- a tissue pressure pulse curve PKi extends between a start time t.start to a stop time t.stop.
- the pressure range that is passed through lies between the tissue pressure diastolic minimum TPdia and the tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys.
- the area below the tissue pressure pulse curve PKi is referred to as the area parameter TPA and is limited below the tissue pressure pulse curve by a straight line which runs from the starting diastolic point from start time t.start to stop time t.stop.
- the straight line preferably runs horizontally.
- the straight line for limiting the area underneath the tissue pressure pulse curve PKi can also run obliquely.
- a tissue pressure pulse curve PKi is also shown.
- a percentage amplitude value x% (TPP) is shown, which ranges from the tissue pressure diastolic minimum TPdia to the percentage value of the tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys.
- TPP is the full amplitude of the tissue pressure diastolic minimum TPdia to the tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys.
- the partial area TPA.top lying above this percentage amplitude value x% (TPP) can be used as area parameter TPA in the first exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- This percentage amplitude value x% (TPP) and the area parameter TPA are determined on the basis of the identified tissue pressure pulse curves PKi and the associated value pairs (S150).
- FIG. 2C shows an alternative for calculating the partial area TPA.top below the tissue pressure pulse curve PKi.
- the maximum increase dTP / dtmax or the time of maximum increase t (dTP / dtmax) in the tissue pressure signal TP is determined within a tissue pressure pulse curve PKi. This point is used to determine the lower bound of the patch TPA.top.
- a comparison of the determined blood pressure values based on the method according to FIG. 2A, 2B or FIG. 2C shows that the use of the partial area TPA.top according to FIG. 2B or 2C is generally more accurate blood pressure.
- the use of the method for determining the amplitude parameter TPP and the partial area TPA.top according to FIG. 2B generally yields the most reliable blood pressure values.
- FIG. 3A shows a parameter function TPW-curve which is determined from the product of the amplitude parameter TPP and the area parameter TPA or the partial area TPA.top above the percentage amplitude value x% (TPP) for each tissue pressure pulse curve PKi (S170).
- TPP percent amplitude value x%
- a pulsation power parameter TPWP is now calculated (S160) in which the amplitude parameter TPP or a fraction x% (TPP) of which is linked to the area parameter TPA or the area TPA.top.
- the amplitude parameter TPP or a proportion x% (TPP) thereof and the area parameter TPA or the partial area TPA.top are used as factors for each identified tissue pressure pulse curve PKi, each with an exponent to form a pulsation power Parameters TPWP are weighted.
- the pulsation power parameter TPWP is formed in the simplest form as a product of amplitude parameter TPP and area parameter TPA, preferably based on the formula:
- the pulsation power parameter TPWP can also be calculated according to the formula:
- TPWP TPA.top expl * TPP exp2 * (dTP / dtmax) exp3
- the parameter function TPW-curve illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B is formed from the determined values for the pulsation power parameters TPWP (S 170).
- each determined pulsation power parameter TPWP is assigned to the corresponding measurement time t or to the corresponding value derived from the tissue pressure signal TP, which belong to the identified tissue pressure pulse curve PKi.
- each value of a pulsation power parameter TPWP is assigned a time or tissue pressure signal value of the associated tissue pressure pulse curve PKi, preferably the time of the tissue pressure systole maximum t (TPsys) is assigned as time; alternatively, the clamping pressure TPcl, the tissue pressure Systole maximum TPsys or the tissue pressure diastolic minimum TPdia assigned.
- the parameter function thus generated or its value pairs can be analyzed and certain function values of the parameter function can be determined, which are used to determine the blood pressure values according to the invention.
- the parameter function TPW-curve has a maximum parameter function value TPW-curve .max which is identified (S180). Based on empirical empirical values, a first measurement time t (ax) is determined, which belongs to a first parameter function value ax, which has a predetermined proportion of the maximum parameter function value TPW-curve.max, (S 190). Based on the first measurement time t (ax), a first systolic blood pressure value SAPlni is determined based on the upper envelope TPsys-curve of the tissue pressure signal TP (S 191), in which the pressure value associated with the first measurement time t (ax) is determined in the tissue pressure signal TP . is read. In FIG.
- the first measuring time t (ax) is 56 s and, with an increasing pressure curve, behind the maximum, which is 53.5 s.
- a pressure value TPcl@TPW- curve.max becomes the ordinate in Fig. 3A at the time point ⁇ TPW-curve. max) are read from the associated clamping pressure TPcl of the fabric pressure signal TP.
- TPcl% is applied to TPcl@TPW-curve.max to determine an alternative first systolic blood pressure value SAPlni *.
- TPsys-curve@TPW- curve.max at the time of occurrence of the maximum parameter function value t (TPW-curve.max), a pressure value TPsys-curve@TPW- curve.max at the ordinate in FIG. 3A corresponding to the upper envelope of the fabric pressure signal TP read (TPsys-curve is defined in Figure 1). Based on empirical empirical values, a specific factor TPsys-curve% is applied to TPsys-curve@TPW-curve.max to determine another alternative first systolic blood pressure value SAPlni **.
- the parameter function can also be used for determining a first mean blood pressure value MAPlAni, in which, in the case of an increasing pressure curve, a second parameter function value bx of the parameter function TPW-curve and the associated second measurement time t (bx) are determined (S192).
- the associated second measuring time t (bx) is 43 s in FIG. 3A.
- the associated first mean blood pressure value MAPlAni is determined based on the clamping pressure TPcl (S 193) and in the present case is approximately 96 mmHg.
- the diastolic blood pressure value DAP 1 Ani can also be determined based on the parameter function TPW-curve by determining a third parameter function value cx reduced by a predetermined proportion and the associated third measurement time t (cx) (S 194), which is here at 36 s. Based on this third Measuring time t (cx) is in the tissue pressure signal TP and here in particular at the lower tissue pressure envelope TPdia-curve, the corresponding pressure value of about 80 mmHg determined or read (S 195).
- a third parameter function value cx reduced by a predetermined proportion and the associated third measurement time t (cx) S 194.
- the fabric pressure signal TP is shown on the clamping pressure TPcl and in the lower part of Fig. 3B therefrom determined a two-fold alternating component TPac.
- the pulsation power parameter TPWP is first determined for each tissue pressure pulse curve PKi and the pulsation power parameters TPWP become Parameter curve TPW-curve determined over the clamping pressure TPcl, as shown in Fig. 3B.
- the parameter function TPW-curve which represents the pulsation power parameter TPWP from the combination of the area parameter TPA and the amplitude parameter TPP, is shown in FIG. 3B not over the time t, but as a function of the clamping pressure TPcl .
- the use of the clamping pressure TPcl is less susceptible to drift or disturbances in the lower-level (TPdia-curve), e.g. be caused by movement artifacts, muscle tremors or tension in awake patients or individuals.
- the parameter function TPW-curve in FIG. 3B has a maximum which is identified for determining the blood pressure values (S180) and in particular the associated clamping pressure TPcl (TPW-curve.max).
- TPW-curve.max the maximum which is identified for determining the blood pressure values (S180) and in particular the associated clamping pressure TPcl (TPW-curve.max).
- a first, second and / or third parameter function value ax, bx, cx is determined (S 190, S 192, S 194), which lies before or after the maximum of the parameter curve, depending on the pressure curve of the clamping pressure TPcl.
- the associated clamping pressures TPcl (ax), TPcl (bx) and TPcl (cx) determined.
- a corresponding blood pressure value is determined in the tissue pressure signal TP or a signal dependent thereon (TPdia-curve, TPsys-curve, TPcl) (S 191, S 193, S195).
- a first systolic blood pressure value SAPlni can be determined by using the first clamping pressure TPcl (ax) to determine the corresponding blood pressure value by means of the upper envelope TPsys-curve of the tissue pressure signal TP.
- a clamping pressure TPcl (ax) of 118 mmHg a systolic blood pressure value of 132 mmHg is determined on the basis of the upper envelope TPsys-curve as the first systolic blood pressure value SAPlni.
- the first average blood pressure value MAPlAni for the second clamping pressure TPcl (bx) at 92 mmHg can be determined at the clamping pressure TPcl of the tissue pressure signal TP and in the present example is 92 mmHg.
- the diastolic blood pressure value DAPlAni is determined with the aid of the third parameter function value cx, whose associated third clamping pressure TPcl (cx) is 76 mmHg, the corresponding diastolic blood pressure value DAPlAni being determined by dividing the lower envelope TPdia-curve of the tissue pressure signal TP is used, so that a diastolic blood pressure DAPlAni of about 73 mmHg results.
- a calibration data set of equal numbers of simultaneous invasive and non-invasive blood pressure measurements is made on a sufficient number of individuals in different cardiovascular conditions.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B show estimated diastolic and mean blood pressure values DAPest and MAPest, which were determined based on invasively determined blood pressure values by means of an estimation formula.
- the estimates are shown as a set of points around the regression line for the estimated diastolic blood pressure value DAPest, which were respectively determined by means of the estimated formula from the invasively determined mean blood pressure MAPi and the invasively determined systolic blood pressure SAPi, compared to the invasively determined diastolic blood pressure DAPi ,
- Fig. 4A is a graph showing the relationship between the diastolic blood pressure value estimates DAPest based on invasively acquired systolic and mean blood pressure values SAPi and MAPi and the corresponding invasively acquired diastolic blood pressure values DAPi based on a 480 measurement data set in 80 patients.
- DAPest the following equation determined by regression analysis of invasively acquired blood pressure values was used:
- DAPest 0.87 x MAPi - 0.26 x (SAPi-MAPi) - 0.68 mmHg.
- the coefficients (0.87 and 0.26) and the correction constant (0.68 mmHg) were determined empirically by evaluating the systolic and mean blood pressure values SAPi and MAPi in a number of patients by means of statistical analysis of the widest, broadest data set invasive. clinical blood pressure measurements.
- the diastolic blood pressure value DAPest can be reliably derived from the systolic and mean blood pressure values.
- the illustration according to FIG. 4A thus shows that the estimated values for the diastolic blood pressure value DAPest differ insignificantly from the invasively determined comparison values for the diastolic blood pressure value DAPi, the standard deviation SD of the differences DAPest-DAPi being 2.2 mmHg and Correlation coefficient r at 0.97.
- FIG. 4B analogous to FIG. 4A, the determination of an estimated value for the mean blood pressure value MAPest based on invasively recorded diastolic and systolic blood pressure values DAPi and SAPi is shown.
- the equation used here is:
- MAPest 1.052 ⁇ DAPi + 0.347 ⁇ (SAPi-DAPi) - 1.8 mmHg.
- the estimate is even more accurate than that shown in FIG. 4A, since the correlation coefficient r is 0.99.
- the point scale of the mean blood pressure MAPest estimates is even closer to the regression line than in Fig. 4A.
- the standard deviation SD of the differences MAPest - MAPi is 1.45 mmHg.
- FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C respectively show the comparison of the simultaneous invasive arterial measurement and the non-invasive tissue pressure measurement as a structure regression diagram for the parameters systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure values, respectively.
- FIG. 5A shows the blood pressure values SAPlni determined by means of the first method from FIG. 3C based on the parameter function in relation to the respectively simultaneously invasively determined blood pressure values SAPi. It can be clearly seen that the different measurement points for the systolic non-invasive values deviate insignificantly from the invasive values.
- FIG. 5B likewise shows the first mean blood pressure values MAPlAni determined by means of the first method from FIG. 3C based on the parameter function compared with the mean blood pressure values MAPi determined in each case simultaneously.
- the different measurement points for the mean non-invasive values differ insignificantly from the invasively determined values.
- FIG. 5C shows values for the estimated diastolic blood pressure value DAPIBni relative to the respective simultaneous invasively determined diastolic blood pressure values DAPi.
- the estimated diastolic blood pressure values DAPlBni are determined from the first systolic blood pressure values SAPlni and first mean blood pressure values MAPlAni determined according to FIG. 3C, based on the parameter function.
- DAPlBni kl ⁇ MAPlAni - k2 ⁇ (SAPlni - MAPlAni) - k3 mmHg,
- FIG. 5C clearly shows that the various measurement points for the estimated diastolic blood pressure values DAP1Bni differ insignificantly from the invasively determined diastolic values.
- an estimated second mean blood pressure value MAPlBni can be determined.
- bx % TPWmax before TPWmax (with increasing clamping pressure);
- Mean mean of differences from non-invasive and invasive
- SD standard deviation of non-invasive and invasive differences.
- FIG. 6A, 6B and 6C there is shown a preferred method for determining the second systolic blood pressure value SAP2ni, which is essentially based on accurately detecting the shape change of systoles of the tissue pressure pulse curves PKi during the systole passage.
- the systole passage describes the occlusion of the arteries enclosed by the cuff
- the systole passage describes the opening of the arteries enclosed by the cuff.
- an invasively detected arterial blood pressure signal AP and a non-invasively detected tissue pressure signal TP are shown.
- the non-invasively detected tissue pressure pulse curves PKi are already filtered, that is, the rising clamping pressure TPcl has already been removed, so that only the alternating component TPac of the tissue pressure signal TP is displayed. It can be clearly seen that the peak of the tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys shifts with increasing time from the right (late systolic) to the left (early systolic).
- the tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys of the tissue pressure pulse curves PKi is nearly centered or tilted to the right at 64 s.
- the tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys of the tissue pressure pulse curves PKi inclines strongly to the left.
- tissue pressure pulse curves PKi show that when passing through the systolic pressure (closure of the cuff-enclosed arteries), the amplitude and the absolute area decrease and in particular the shape of the upper pulse pressure portion of Pulse curve of round mostly too pointed, in some cases to double-pointed / -lipped always changed with dominant tip. Furthermore, it can be seen that in most of the cases examined, the tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys, when passing through the systolic pressure, usually shifts from early-systolic to mid-late systolic due to augmentation.
- tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys shifts from late to late systolic during arterial occlusion to late-systolic, where it remains in the suprasystolic clamping pressure range.
- tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys shifts from mid to late systolic during arterial occlusion, jumping between early and late systolic, and then remaining in the supra-systolic clamping pressure range approximately at the tissue pressure-pulse curve center.
- an area ratio TPA 1st top / TP A2. top formed, which is formed from partial surfaces TPAl .top and TPA2.top (S250).
- a partial surface TPA.top is first formed below the tissue pressure pulse curve PKi, in which the tissue pressure pulse curve PKi is approximately 50% of the maximum amplitude variable.
- Rameters TPP is cut by means of a preferably horizontal line.
- a vertical is placed through the tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys of the current tissue pressure pulse curve PKi.
- connecting lines are placed to the left and right in each case, each beginning at the tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys at the intersection of the current tissue pressure pulse curve PKi with the lower straight.
- Top. mean over five tissue pressure pulse curves PKi determined. Subsequently, for each tissue pressure pulse curve PKi, the difference TPAl. top / TP A2. Top. diff from the moving average of the area ratio TPA 1. top / TP A2. top .mean and the individual values of the area ratio TP AI. top / TP A2. top determined for each pulse curve (S270). Since the difference TPA 1st top / TP A2. Top. Diff diffuses more strongly during systole passage than in areas immediately after and before, this scattering can be used to accurately determine the systolic blood pressure value. To detect this change in the dispersion, a sliding standard deviation TP AI. top / TP A2.
- Top. diff typically over three to seven, preferably over five differences TPA 1st top / TP A2.
- Top. sd is mapped over time or above the clamping pressure TPcl of the associated tissue pressure pulse curves PKi, preferably over time t.
- the clamping pressure TPcl or the upper envelope TPsys-curve or lower envelope TPdia-curve of the tissue pressure signal TP can be used.
- Fig. 6B based on the sliding standard deviation TPAl. top / TP A2.
- FIGS. 6D to 6G show a method for determining another or alternative second systolic blood pressure value SAP2ni *, based on a third exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- a tissue pressure signal TP is recorded at a rising or falling clamping pressure TPcl (S310), wherein individual tissue pressure pulse curves PKi are recorded.
- the alternating component TPac is filtered out or extracted by means of filtering (S330), which is used for further processing.
- S330 filtering
- individual tissue pressure pulse curves PKi are identified (S340).
- the method according to the third embodiment is consistent with the method according to Embodiment 1.
- a second systolic blood pressure value SAP2ni * is determined in which the time shift of the tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys is determined.
- FIG. 6D shows a non-invasively detected tissue pressure signal TP in comparison to an arterially detected pressure signal AP over time. It can be clearly seen that the signal swing in the non-invasively detected tissue pressure signal TP is lower than in the arterially detected pressure signal AP. In the upper area of FIG. 6D, it becomes clear in the signal curve of the tissue pressure signal TP that the tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys within a tissue pressure pulse curve PKi moves from a late-onset systole to an early-onset systole when passing through the systolic blood pressure. The enlargement of the non-invasive tissue pressure signal TP is shown in the lower region of FIG.
- tissue pressure pulse curves 1 to 7 are shown.
- the tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys in the tissue pressure signal TP shifts from a late-onset systole to a temporally early systole.
- the second systolic blood pressure value SAP2ni * can be detected, which detects the point in time at which the systole or the tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys changes from a late systole to an early systole.
- a width parameter TPsysPeak.t of several tissue pressure pulse curves PKi is determined according to FIG. 6D (S350).
- This width parameter TPsysPeak.t changes over a sequence of tissue pressure pulse curves PKi, as shown in Fig. 6D.
- the width parameter TPsysPeak.t is substantially larger than in the tissue pressure pulse curve 5 where the tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys has already changed from a late systole to an early systole.
- this width parameter TPsysPeak.t In order to determine this width parameter TPsysPeak.t exactly, according to FIG. 6E, after the identification of a tissue pressure pulse curve PKi based on the tissue pressure diastole minima TPdia, which each represent a minimum of a tissue pressure pulse curve, the time of maximum increase t (dPT / dtmax ) in the systolic edge of the tissue pressure pulse curve. This time point of the maximum increase t (dPT / dtmax) of the tissue pressure pulse curve t (dPT / dtmax) characterizes the starting parameter for the calculation of the width parameter TPsysPeak.t.
- the end point of the width parameter TPsysPeak.t is defined by the tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys.
- a moving average TPsysPeak.mean is detected (S360) shown in FIG. 6F.
- this moving average TPsysPeak.mean is determined via five tissue pressure pulse curves PKi.
- the difference TPsysPeak.diff is determined from the moving average TPsysPeak.mean and the individual values TPsysPeak.t for each pulse curve (S370).
- TPsysPeak.diff a sliding standard deviation TPsysPeak.sd of the differences TPsysPeak.diff is typically determined over three to seven, preferably over five differences TPsysPeak.diff (S380) as shown in Fig. 6F.
- the sliding standard deviation TPsysPeak.sd is mapped over time or above the clamping pressure TPcl of the associated tissue pressure pulse curves PKi, preferably the time points of the tissue pressure systole maxima t (TPsys) are used as the time.
- the clamping pressure TPcl or the upper envelope TPsys-curve or lower envelope TPdia-curve of the tissue pressure signal TP can be used.
- TPsysPeak.sd As shown in Fig. 6F, it can be seen from the sliding standard deviation TPsysPeak.sd that a bell-shaped increase occurs at the systole passage. Further characteristic of the standard sliding deviation TPsysPeak.sd is that it runs essentially flat before and after the bell-shaped elevation. Thus, it is possible for the safe determination of the second systolic blood pressure value SAP2ni * based on the described method according to the third embodiment to determine the beginning and end of the bell-shaped elevation.
- the start and end points of the half-width are determined, wherein at the point in the middle between the start and end point, the time for the second systolic blood pressure value SAP2ni * or in the maximum of the sliding standard deviation TPsysPeak.sd can be determined with the then based the upper envelope TPsys-curve of the tissue pressure signal TP, the second systolic blood pressure value SAP2ni * is determined (S390).
- the clamping pressure TPcl or the lower envelope TPdia-curve of the tissue pressure signal TP can be used to determine the point in time or the clamping pressure in the middle between the start and end point or the maximum of the bell-shaped elevation in FIG Values of the sliding standard deviation TPsysPeak.sd to determine the second systolic blood pressure value SAP2ni *.
- Fig. 6G the flow of the method according to the third embodiment is again shown as a flow chart.
- a method for determining the fourth mean blood pressure value MAP2ni based on a change in the area ratio of a plurality of tissue pressure pulse curves PKi is determined with reference to FIGS. 7A to 7D, in particular, a relative area ratio of the systolic area of the Areg.sys tissue pressure pulse curve is determined to the diastolic area of tissue pressure pulse curve Areg.dia.
- a tissue pressure pulse curve PKi has a systolic subarea Areg.sys and a diastolic subarea Areg.dia.
- the systolic subarea Areg.sys is generally the area that lies below a tissue pressure pulse curve PKi between two end diastolic points.
- the diastolic partial area Areg.dia is the area above the tissue pressure pulse curves PKi and PKi + 1 between their tissue pressure systole maxima TPsys.
- the areas Areg.sys and Areg.dia are determined by respectively determining an upper and a lower straight line go and gu, wherein the upper straight line is at a predetermined percentage amplitude value and preferably runs horizontally.
- a percent amplitude value of 75% of the amplitude parameter TPP is used to upwardly limit the systolic and diastolic areas of the tissue pressure pulse curves Areg.sys and Areg.dia.
- the lower straight line gu is in each case at the end-diastolic point of the following tissue pressure pulse curve PKi + 1.
- the upper straight line go preferably lies between the tissue pressure diastolic minimum TPdia and the tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys of the respectively considered tissue pressure pulse curve PKi and in this case preferably at a level of tissue pressure-diastolic minimum TPdia + 75% TPP.
- the area Areg which consists of the systolic and diastolic subarea Areg.sys. and Areg.dia, divided by the regression line Reg.dial, each approximated to the falling edge of the considered tissue pressure pulse curve PKi.
- a first regression line Reg.sysl based on the considered tissue pressure pulse curve PKi, is determined which limits the increasing part of the tissue pressure pulse curve PKi.
- this first regression line Reg.sysl is formed from the values in the range from 20 to 80% of the amplitude parameter TPP.
- a second regression line Reg.sys2 is determined, which simulates the rising part of the following tissue pressure pulse curve PKi + 1, whereby this too is formed from the values in the range from 20 to 80% of the amplitude parameter TPP.
- an area ratio Areg.sys / Areg.dia can be determined for each tissue pressure pulse curve PKi.
- the area ratio Areg.sys / Areg.dia changes most at the point where the clamping pressure TPcl crosses the mean blood pressure MAP.
- Figs. 7A, 7B and 7C the diastolic subarea Areg.dia increases in the total area Areg during inflation of the pressure cuff of Fig. 7A to Fig. 7C. That is, the area ratio Areg.sys / Areg.dia decreases with increasing pressure during inflation of the pressure cuff Area of the diastolic partial area Areg.dia. It has been found that before the passage of the nip pressure TPcl by the mean blood pressure in FIG. 7A, an area ratio Areg.sys / Areg.dia which is> 1 occurs. In the vicinity of the passage of the clamping pressure by the mean blood pressure (FIG.
- the area ratio Areg.sys / Areg.dia between the systolic partial area Areg.sys and the diastolic partial area Areg.dia is almost one.
- the area ratio Areg.sys / Areg.dia is ⁇ 1.
- the area ratio Areg.sys / Areg.dia may be used to determine the timing at which the area ratio Areg.sys / Areg.dia is nearly one, or has its largest change.
- the fourth mean blood pressure value MAP2ni can be determined by means of the tissue pressure signal TP or a signal dependent thereon (TPsys-curve TPdia-curve, TPcl).
- the fourth mean blood pressure value MAP2ni is preferably determined or read at the clamping pressure TPcl of the tissue pressure signal TP.
- Fig. 7E the sequence of the method according to the fourth exemplary embodiment is again shown as a flow chart.
- a fifth exemplary embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 8A-8E in which systolic, mean and / or diastolic blood pressure values, SAPni, MAPni, DAPni, are determined noninvasively based on other pulsation power parameters TPWP.
- the pulsation power parameter TPWP is formed on the basis of an amplitude parameter and a surface parameter.
- the amplitude parameter is determined on the basis of a tissue pressure pulse curve PKi, which is referred to below as the positive amplitude parameter TPP +.
- the positive amplitude parameter TPP + is the positive portion of TPP in a tissue pressure pulse curve PKi, in a TPcl straightened and slope corrected tissue pressure signal.
- TPP is the total amplitude of tissue pressure-diastolic minimum TPdia to tissue pressure systole maximum TPsys (shown in Figure 2B).
- a surface parameter from the tissue pressure curve PKi is determined analogously to the first embodiment.
- a positive area parameter TPA + .top is determined from the tissue pressure curve PKi.
- the positive surface parameter TPA + .top is characteristic of the area of a tissue pressure pulse curve PKi, which in the upper area by TPsys and in the lower area by a, preferably horizontally dur- is bounded in the range of TPac> 0, eg by a horizontal at x% of TPP +.
- the value x% (TPP +) can be in the range of 0 .. 90% TPP +.
- the alternative pulsation power parameter according to the fifth embodiment is formed based on the area parameter TPA + .top and the amplitude parameter TPP +, namely
- TPWP TPA + .top expl ⁇ TPP + ex P 2
- the pulsation power parameter TPWP is determined for a multiplicity of tissue pressure pulse curves PKi, from which the parameter function TPW-curve results, which is shown in FIG. 8B.
- PKi tissue pressure pulse curves
- the area parameter TPA + .top and the amplitude parameter TPP + are determined for the respective tissue pressure pulse curve PKi and the associated time, which then results in the bell-shaped course of the parameter function TPW-curve.
- SAP4ni, MAP4Ani and DAP4Ani are read as alternatives for SAPlni, MAPlAni and DAPlAni from the first exemplary embodiment based on previously determined parameter function values ax, bx and cx.
- SAP4ni * and SAP4ni ** are applied analogously to SAPlni * and SPAlni ** using a specific factor TPcl +% on TPcl@TPW-curve.max or by using a specific factor TPsys-curve +% on TPsys-curve @ TPW- curve.max determined.
- the parameter function value ax is in close proximity to the maximum of the TPW curve.
- a sixth systolic blood pressure value SAP4ni is determined on the basis of the TPsys curve, which corresponds to the pressure value at the intersection of t (ax) with the TPsys curve.
- the parameter function TPW-curve can also be used to determine a fourth mean blood pressure value MAP4Ani, in which a second parameter function value bx of the parameter function TPW-curve and the associated second measurement time t (bx) are determined with an increasing pressure profile.
- the associated second measuring time t (bx) is 42.5 s in FIG. 8B.
- the associated sixth blood pressure value MAP4Ani is determined based on the clamping pressure TPcl and in the present case is approximately 96 mmHg.
- the sixth diastolic blood pressure value DAP4Ani can also be determined based on the parameter function TPW-curve by determining a third parameter function value cx reduced by a predetermined proportion and the associated third measurement time t (cx) which is here at 32 s. Based on this third measurement time t (cx), the corresponding pressure value of approximately 75 mmHg is determined or read at the lower tissue pressure envelope TPdia-curve.
- a seventh diastolic blood pressure value DAP4Bni is calculated as follows, which will also be referred to as the estimated or derived seventh diastolic blood pressure value.
- DAP4Bni kl ⁇ MAP4Ani - k2 ⁇ (SAP4ni - MAP4Ani) - k3 mmHg,
- a seventh mean blood pressure value MAP4Bni is calculated as follows based on the sixth diastolic blood pressure value DAP4Ani and the sixth systolic blood pressure value SAP4ni in the fifth embodiment.
- MAPlBni k4 ⁇ DAP4Ani + k5 ⁇ (SAP4ni - DAP4Ani) - k6 mmHg is determined
- FIG. 8C, 8D, 8E show the results of regression analyzes of the sixth blood pressure values SAP4ni, MAP4Ani and the derived seventh diastolic blood pressure value DAP4Bni of 539 measurements on 111 patients, which were determined according to the fifth embodiment, against their associated, simultaneously determined invasive reference values SAPi, MAPi and DAPi.
- FIG. 8C is a regression analysis that illustrates sixth systolic blood pressure values SAP4ni based on the parameter function of FIG. 8B compared with the respective simultaneously invasively determined systolic blood pressure values SAPi based on the method according to the fifth exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 8C is a regression analysis that illustrates sixth systolic blood pressure values SAP4ni based on the parameter function of FIG. 8B compared with the respective simultaneously invasively determined systolic blood pressure values SAPi based on the method according to the fifth exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 8D shows a regression analysis, which, based on the method according to the fifth exemplary embodiment, represents sixth mean blood pressure values MAP4Ani based on the parameter function from FIG. 8B compared to the respectively simultaneously invasively determined systolic blood pressure values SAPi.
- FIG. 8E shows a regression analysis in which the seventh diastolic blood pressure value DAP4B derived or estimated from the sixth mean blood pressure value MAP4Ani and the sixth systolic blood pressure value SAP4ni was compared with the respectively simultaneously invasively determined diastolic blood pressure values DAPi, SAP4ni and MAP4Ani being based on the Parameter function according to FIG. 8B were determined.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B show a shell pressure cuff 10, which is particularly suitable for the above-described methods for detecting the tissue pressure pulse curves PKi.
- the shell-type pressure cuff 10 which is also referred to as a shell-winding cuff, is shown in a pressureless state, with the shell-type pressure cuff being shown under pressure in Fig. 9B.
- the illustrated shell pressure sleeve 10 has a kink-resistant or kink-resistant shell 30, which is arranged within the shell pressure sleeve 10.
- the shell 30 is arranged under or between the pressure generating means and a body part E.
- the pressure generating means are formed by a fluid-tight sheath 14.
- an air pressure is supplied, thus the kink-resistant shell 30 is pressed against the body part E.
- body part E and kink-resistant shell 30 may also be arranged a textile layer.
- the pressure sensor (not shown) for receiving the fabric pressure signal TP is arranged on the inner circumference of the shell 30 below the textile layer 23, so that the textile layer isolates the sensor from the body part E. This ensures that the pressure sensor rests directly on the body part, hydraulically coupled to these and no other damping materials are in between.
- the pressure sensor (not shown) is connected by means of a fluid line to an electrical pressure transducer, which can receive a pressure change transmitted via the fluid within the fluid line (not shown) and convert it into an electrical signal, the tissue pressure signal TP.
- a measuring device 90 according to the invention is shown, which is connected to the shell pressure cuff 10.
- the measuring device 90 comprises a control unit 92, a memory 95, a display 93 and a pressure transducer 94. Further, a display and control device 91 is provided, which is provided for controlling the measuring device and adjustment regulators, on and off buttons and display elements comprises.
- tissue pressure signal TP On the display 93, the detected by the measuring device 90 tissue pressure signal TP is displayed. Furthermore, an enlarged view of the identified tissue pressure pulse curves PKi can be displayed on the display 93.
- the control unit 92 receives the tissue pressure signal TP over time or over the clamping pressure TPcl and stores the associated value pairs in a memory 95.
- one of the methods described according to the invention is run through by detecting, based on the detected tissue pressure signal TP and the associated times or clamping pressures TPcl, corresponding tissue pressure pulse curves PKi and corresponding parameters based thereon.
- the control unit 92 also controls the pressure transducer 94, which acts on the pressure cuff, preferably a cup pressure cuff 10, with an actuator pressure Pact. From the pressure cuff 10 As described above, the tissue pressure signal TP is detected by means of a pressure sensor (not shown), the pressure signal being transmitted via a fluid to an electrical pressure transducer (not shown) and an electrical pressure signal supplied to the measuring device 90 in order to generate the tissue pressure signal TP there to display and evaluate.
- both a first systolic blood pressure value SAPlni and a first average blood pressure value MAPlAni and a first diastolic blood pressure value DAPlAni can be detected by the parameter function according to the first embodiment.
- a second mean blood pressure value MAPlBni and a second diastolic blood pressure value DAPlBni can be determined. That the second mean blood pressure value MAPlBni is determined by the estimation formula from the first systolic blood pressure value SAPlni according to the parameter function and the first diastolic blood pressure value DAPlAni according to the parameter function. The second diastolic blood pressure value DAPlBni is determined by estimation formula from the first systolic blood pressure value SAPlni and the first mean blood pressure value MAPlAni. From the second mean blood pressure value MAPlBni determined by the estimated formula and the first mean blood pressure value MAPlAni based on the parameter function, a third mean blood pressure value MAPlni can be determined by means of weighting and averaging.
- a third diastolic blood pressure value DAPlni is obtained by weighting and averaging from the second diastolic blood pressure value DAPlBni determined by the estimated formula and the first diastolic blood pressure value DAPlAni determined by the parameter function.
- the third mean blood pressure value MAPlni and / or the third diastolic blood pressure value DAPlni can be improved in terms of accuracy taking into account the second mean blood pressure value MAPlBni and / or the second diastolic blood pressure value DAPlBni according to specific quality criteria.
- the weighting may preferably take place in such a way that the proportion of the first mean blood pressure value MAPlAni is weighted higher in proportion to the percentage magnitude of the magnitude of the difference between the first mean blood pressure value MAPlAni and the second mean blood pressure value MAPlBni. Accordingly, the weighting of the shares DAPlAni and DAPlBni can be proceeded.
- the first systolic blood pressure value SAPlni obtained by the parameter function is linked to the second systolic blood pressure value SAP2ni or SAP2ni * determined by means of a systole shift according to the second or third embodiment.
- a weighting and an averaging are performed to obtain a loadable third systolic blood pressure value SAPni.
- the above-described third weighted and average mean blood pressure value MAPlni is linked by weighting and averaging to the fourth mean blood pressure value MAP2ni, which is determined by means of the partial average blood pressure value MAP2ni. Area calculation was calculated according to the third embodiment. From this, the fifth mean blood pressure value MAPni is then obtained.
- the third systolic blood pressure value SAPni and / or the fifth mean blood pressure value MAPni can be improved with regard to accuracy by taking into account the second systolic blood pressure value SAP2ni or SAP2ni * and / or the fourth mean blood pressure value MAP2ni.
- the weighting can preferably take place in such a way that the proportion of the first systolic blood pressure value SAPlni is weighted higher in proportion to the percentage magnitude of the magnitude of the difference between the first systolic blood pressure value SAPlni and the second systolic blood pressure value SAP2ni or SAP2ni *. Accordingly, it is possible to proceed for the weighting of the components MAPlni and MAP2ni.
- a specific correction or calibration may preferably be performed.
- a correction with specific coefficients can be made.
- SAPlni.corr coeffl ⁇ SAPlni + constl
- MAPlAni.corr coeff2 ⁇ MAPlAni + const2
- the correction coefficients and constants coeffl, constl, coeff2, const2 can be obtained by calibration in comparison to reference values, in particular invasive reference values, preferably with coeff 1.2: 0.7 ... 1.5 and const 1, 2: -20 ... 20.
- Figs. 5A and 5B are regression diagrams showing the comparison of values SAPlni.corr, MAPlAni.corr (referred to in the diagram as SAPlni and MAPlAni) determined by the method described above with simultaneously invasively measured values SAPi and MAPi from a selected, broad-based Set of clinical measurement data with equal numbers of simultaneous invasive and non-invasive measurements. The data are based on 380 measurements on 76 patients.
- the formulas in the diagrams each represent the equation of the represented regression line.
- “r” stands for the correlation coefficient of the respective regression shown
- SD stands for the standard deviation differences SAPlni-SAPi and MAPlAni-MAPi, respectively.
- the clamping pressure TPcl can be built up quickly on the blood pressure cuff. As already described above, the clamping pressure TPcl can either be built up in ascending order or, after rapid inflation, be reduced in descending order. The detection of signals (tissue pressure signal TP) can thus take place optionally with increasing and / or decreasing clamping pressure TPcl.
- the clamping pressure TPcl is set up with rapidly increasing clamping pressure build-up with rapid detection of the blood pressure values up to SAP2ni + 5 ... SAP2ni + 40 mmHg, preferably up to SAP2ni + 20 mmHg.
- the following rates of increase are used: a) increase to 0-30 mmHg during the first l-2s, from then b) until the time of the fourth mean blood pressure value MAP2ni, for the determination of which a certain follow-up time is required, with 5-10 mmHg / pulse, preferably at 8 mmHg / pulse, from then c) until the time of an upper clamping pressure limit, preferably SAP2ni + 20 mmHg with 3-8 mmHg, preferably with 6 mmHg / pulse.
- an upper clamping pressure limit preferably SAP2ni + 20 mmHg with 3-8 mmHg, preferably with 6 mmHg / pulse.
- the immediate rough calculation is made from the third systolic blood pressure value SAPni (preferably weighted averaged from SAPlni and SAP2ni), fifth mean blood pressure value MAPni (preferably weighted averaged from MAPlni and MAP2ni), and third diastolic blood pressure value DAPlni followed by decompression pressure.
- SAPni preferably weighted averaged from SAPlni and SAP2ni
- MAPni preferably weighted averaged from MAPlni and MAP2ni
- DAPlni third diastolic blood pressure value followed by decompression pressure.
- the described method makes it possible to obtain a wide variety of blood pressure values by means of a non-invasive measurement, which alone or in combination with other non-invasively determined blood pressure values leads to a reliable statement regarding the blood pressure values of a patient.
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Abstract
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DE102017110770.3A DE102017110770B3 (de) | 2017-05-17 | 2017-05-17 | Verfahren zum nicht-invasiven Bestimmen von wenigstens einem Blutdruckwert, Messvorrichtung und System zur nicht-invasiven Blutdruckbestimmung |
PCT/EP2018/062736 WO2018210931A1 (de) | 2017-05-17 | 2018-05-16 | Verfahren zum nicht-invasiven bestimmen von wenigstens einem blutdruckwert, messvorrichtung und system zur nicht-invasiven blutdruckbestimmung |
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EP3624683A1 true EP3624683A1 (de) | 2020-03-25 |
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EP (1) | EP3624683A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP7191093B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN110913756B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102017110770B3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018210931A1 (de) |
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EP3818929A1 (de) * | 2019-11-11 | 2021-05-12 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Steuerungsvorrichtung zur steuerung eines messsystems zur blutdruckmessung |
JP2022518204A (ja) * | 2019-01-14 | 2022-03-14 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェ | 血圧測定用の測定システムを制御するための制御装置 |
DE102019113561A1 (de) * | 2019-05-21 | 2020-11-26 | B.Braun Avitum Ag | Druckmessung im extrakorporalen Blutkreislauf |
EP3925527A1 (de) | 2020-06-19 | 2021-12-22 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Steuerungsvorrichtung zur steuerung eines messsystems zur blutdruckmessung |
EP4008245A1 (de) | 2020-12-02 | 2022-06-08 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Vorrichtung zur bestimmung eines indikators, einen physiologischen parameter darstellend |
WO2024008607A1 (en) | 2022-07-08 | 2024-01-11 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Apparatus for determining blood pressure of a subject |
WO2024008606A1 (en) | 2022-07-08 | 2024-01-11 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Apparatus for determining blood pressure of a subject |
EP4302686A1 (de) * | 2022-07-08 | 2024-01-10 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Vorrichtung zum bestimmen des blutdrucks eines probanden |
EP4302687A1 (de) * | 2022-07-08 | 2024-01-10 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Gerät zur bestimmung des blutdrucks einer person |
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JPS6214831A (ja) * | 1985-07-12 | 1987-01-23 | 松下電工株式会社 | 電子血圧計 |
US4889133A (en) * | 1988-05-25 | 1989-12-26 | Protocol Systems, Inc. | Method for noninvasive blood-pressure measurement by evaluation of waveform-specific area data |
JP3210737B2 (ja) * | 1992-08-26 | 2001-09-17 | 松下電工株式会社 | 電子血圧計 |
US5687731A (en) * | 1992-09-10 | 1997-11-18 | Mti, Ltd. | Oscillometric method for determining hemodynamic parameters of the arterial portion of patient's circulatory system and a measuring system for its realization |
US5941828A (en) * | 1993-11-09 | 1999-08-24 | Medwave, Inc. | Hand-held non-invasive blood pressure measurement device |
US5606977A (en) | 1995-01-04 | 1997-03-04 | Critikon, Inc. | Oscillometric blood pressure monitor which automatically determines when to take blood pressure measurements |
US6120459A (en) * | 1999-06-09 | 2000-09-19 | Nitzan; Meir | Method and device for arterial blood pressure measurement |
JP2003284696A (ja) * | 2002-03-28 | 2003-10-07 | Omron Corp | 電子血圧計および電子血圧計の血圧測定方法 |
US7070566B2 (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2006-07-04 | Ge Medical Systems Information Technologies, Inc. | Artifact rejection using pulse quality values |
US7220230B2 (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2007-05-22 | Edwards Lifesciences Corporation | Pressure-based system and method for determining cardiac stroke volume |
JP4687321B2 (ja) * | 2005-08-12 | 2011-05-25 | オムロンヘルスケア株式会社 | 電子血圧計 |
US7927283B2 (en) | 2007-03-20 | 2011-04-19 | Tiba Medical, Inc. | Blood pressure algorithm |
JP6440535B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-10 | 2018-12-19 | 日本光電工業株式会社 | 測定装置及びプログラム |
-
2017
- 2017-05-17 DE DE102017110770.3A patent/DE102017110770B3/de active Active
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2018
- 2018-05-16 EP EP18728535.8A patent/EP3624683A1/de active Pending
- 2018-05-16 JP JP2020514332A patent/JP7191093B2/ja active Active
- 2018-05-16 CN CN201880047602.9A patent/CN110913756B/zh active Active
- 2018-05-16 WO PCT/EP2018/062736 patent/WO2018210931A1/de unknown
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CN110913756B (zh) | 2023-03-31 |
JP7191093B2 (ja) | 2022-12-16 |
WO2018210931A1 (de) | 2018-11-22 |
JP2020520292A (ja) | 2020-07-09 |
DE102017110770B3 (de) | 2018-08-23 |
CN110913756A (zh) | 2020-03-24 |
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