EP3622278A1 - Kalibrierverfahren, seine anwendung und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens - Google Patents
Kalibrierverfahren, seine anwendung und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrensInfo
- Publication number
- EP3622278A1 EP3622278A1 EP18727683.7A EP18727683A EP3622278A1 EP 3622278 A1 EP3622278 A1 EP 3622278A1 EP 18727683 A EP18727683 A EP 18727683A EP 3622278 A1 EP3622278 A1 EP 3622278A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metal oxide
- analyte
- gas
- impedance
- impedance spectrum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/026—Dielectric impedance spectroscopy
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0006—Calibrating gas analysers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
- G01N27/125—Composition of the body, e.g. the composition of its sensitive layer
- G01N27/126—Composition of the body, e.g. the composition of its sensitive layer comprising organic polymers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/004—CO or CO2
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/0042—SO2 or SO3
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
- G01N27/122—Circuits particularly adapted therefor, e.g. linearising circuits
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for calibrating metal oxide gas sensors, the practical application of the
- Metal oxide gas sensors are capacitive sensors. They consist of a reactive ceramic layer on a current-carrying
- Carriers which are able to detect specific gaseous substances depending on the underlying metal oxide (so-called.
- the detection principle is based on changes in the surface (sensitive layer) and in the interior of the ceramic. If the gaseous substance reacts positively with the MOX gas sensor, the conductivity in the interior of the current-carrying ceramic changes depending on the temperature, which can be measured by a change in resistance.
- Absolute measurement of the concentration is not possible because the baseline (the measured resistance without the presence of the analyte to be measured) is not reproducible.
- Metal oxide sensors used to measure gaseous substances can not be calibrated by applying DC voltage. In the art, this problem is met by complicated computational algorithms which calculate back to a baseline defined in the previous period. In this way, relative resistance changes are determined, depending on the signal depth, a statement about the
- a device and a method for the determination of concentrations of components of a gas mixture with a substrate arranged on a sensitive layer is known whose resistance varies depending on a concentration of a component of the gas mixture.
- the sensitive layer is embodied such that a selectivity of the sensitive layer with respect to the components of the gas mixture is variable as a function of a frequency of an applied alternating voltage.
- Impedance curve is used as a calibration curve.
- the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method with which metal oxide gas sensors can be calibrated, with a reproducible baseline can be obtained, so that an absolute measurement of the concentration of the gas to be determined is possible.
- the object is achieved by a method according to claim 1, the use of the method according to claim 15, a device according to claim 16 and a kit
- the term "calibrating" in the sense of the present invention means that an association between the output values and the known values is determined under certain conditions, in which case the impedance spectroscopy is used in the method according to the invention This is done by measuring the impedance at several frequencies over a frequency range (spectrum), where in one step the impedance spectrum of a gas mixture without the analyte, ie without In addition, the determination of the impedance spectrum in the presence of the analyte in the gas mixture, wherein the concentration of the analyte is known
- Impedance in an xy-coordinate system against the frequency results in a dependence of the measured impedance on the concentration of the analyte. For example, can
- the impedance may be reduced in the presence of the analyte. Subsequently, the MOX sensor calibrated in the steps described above is used
- the unknown concentration of the analyte can be determined by comparing the impedance determined in this case with the previously determined dependence of the impedance of the known concentrations.
- drive through ⁇ by using the impedance spectroscopy different frequency ranges.
- the application of alternating current has a positive effect on the signal stability. Saturation of the surface does not take place.
- the MOX sensor is immediately regenerated.
- the baseline ie the measurement without analyte
- remains stable and drift does not occur. This makes it possible to calibrate the MOX sensors.
- Calibration curve can be determined. It has been found that there are substance-specific frequencies that allow the detection of a cutoff frequency to further specify and customize the sensors. This allows the interconnection of several different frequency-controlled sensors into a structure containing different substances and their
- a microcontroller can be programmed to control metal oxide gas sensors, in which a defined frequency can be entered individually.
- the time intervals for the measuring points can also be determined (for example, one measured value every 10 seconds). As a result, resistance values which are varying are obtained
- the gas mixture used is selected from synthetic air and / or synthetic biogas and / or room air and / or inert gas and / or N 2 and / or at least one noble gas and / or N 2 / CO and / or N 2 / NO x and / or 2 / CO 2 . If the calibration is under
- the analyte is selected from water, carbon monoxide, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and decanol, aldehydes such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, ketones such as acetone, 2-butanone, hexanal,
- Octanoic acid aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as 1,3-pentadiene, isoprene, octane, alkane mixtures having 15 to 18 carbon atoms, thiols / sulfides, such as ethanediol, propanethiol,
- Lactones such as butyrolactone and octalactone, and halogenated organic compounds such as dichloromethane.
- Analyte not as a gas so it can before being brought into contact with the MOX sensor is brought into a gas, for example by being evaporated.
- Metal oxide gas sensor selected from oxide ceramics, non-oxide ceramics such as metal carbides, borides, silicides and nitrides, and clay minerals such as zeolites and aluminosilicates.
- oxide ceramic are Sn0 2 -, AGO, CuO, Al 2 O 3 -, WO3, Ge0 2 - Si0 2 -, Ti0 2 -, ZnO, ln 2 0 3 -, Mn 2 0 3 ceramics and mixtures of two or more of these with a metal selected from Pd, Pt, Au, Ag, Cd, Ni, Mn, Fe and Cu, for example, in an amount of about 0.2 to about 5%, based on the oxide ceramic, can be doped.
- the preparation of metal oxide ceramics can by
- Metal oxides take place.
- the doping may be accomplished by adding metal chlorides corresponding to the doping metals in the required amounts prior to annealing.
- the metal oxide gas sensor may be coated, for example, with at least one
- organometallic framework compounds organometallic organics, ionic liquids, siloxanes and organic ions.
- the impedance spectrum may be determined in a frequency range of about 1 to about 1,000,000 Hz, or about 100 to about 10,000. In the frequency range from about 100 to about 10,000 Hz, the result is an at least approximately linear resistance profile.
- the amplitude may be about 1 mV to about 12 V, or about 100 mV. higher Amplitudes, for example of about 500 mV, can lead to a fluctuating resistance profile.
- the impedance spectrum may be below at least one of
- Moisture may be about 0.7% to about 100%, or about 15% to about 60%, or about 40% - about 60%.
- Temperature may be from about -55 ° C to about + 85 ° C, or about 18 ° C - about 25 ° C.
- the pressure may be about 570 hPa to about 1,600 hPa, or about 940 - about 1200 hPa
- the impedance spectrum may be determined, for example, at a relative humidity of about 15% to about 60%. With this humidity, it has been found that a better measurement can be made with the MOX sensors.
- the impedance spectrum may be at a
- Concentration of the analyte from about 1 ppb to about 100 ppb, or about 1 ppb, about 10 ppb and about 100 ppb are determined. It has surprisingly been found that a calibration is possible in these low analyte concentrations. In this way, it is possible to calibrate the MOX sensors for low concentrations and then use them for measurements of the analytes at such low concentrations.
- the calibration method described above can be used for the calibration of MOt sensors for a variety of applications, for example for
- Sulfur gas measurement determination of the concentration of thiols and sulfides
- technical fermentation processes eg biogas and bioethanol production
- food production for example cheese ripening and yoghurt production
- gas warning systems for example in carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide detectors
- military and security technology for example for the detection of hazardous substances, in the area of private and
- the invention furthermore relates to a device for calibrating metal oxide gas sensors with impedance spectroscopy, for example according to the above
- Means for determining the impedance spectrum Means for determining the impedance spectrum, and a metering device for metering the gas mixture and optionally the analyte in the measuring chamber, wherein the metering device is connected via a line to the measuring chamber.
- the metering device may include a first metering device for the gas mixture and a second metering device for the analyte.
- the second metering device may be adapted to vaporize the analyte so that it may be introduced as gas into the metering chamber.
- the apparatus may further comprise moistening means connected to the measuring chamber via a conduit for establishing a predetermined humidity in the measuring chamber.
- a calibration curve is obtained and also recorded, i. be fixed on a support.
- the impedance may be reduced in the presence of the analyte.
- the unknown concentration of the analyte can be determined by comparing the impedance determined in this case with the previously determined dependence of the impedance of the known concentrations. So if the calibration curve of a metal oxide gas sensor is present, then this can be used to allow quantitative measurements.
- the present invention provides a kit incorporating the recorded calibration curve as described in U.S. Pat
- the recorded calibration curve can be recorded on paper or on an electronic data carrier.
- Figure 1 is a device according to the invention.
- Figure 2 shows a metal oxide gas sensor, as it can be used in the apparatus of Fig. 1.
- FIGS. 3a-3c show the calibration of a Pd / Sn0 2 ⁇
- Metal oxide gas sensor with a thiol and synthetic air Metal oxide gas sensor with a thiol and synthetic air.
- FIGS. 4a-4c show the calibration of a Pd / Sn0 2 ⁇
- Metal oxide gas sensor with a sulfide and synthetic air Metal oxide gas sensor with a sulfide and synthetic air.
- FIGS. 5a-5c show the calibration of a CuO metal oxide gas sensor with a thiol and synthetic air.
- Figures 6a-6c show the calibration of a CuO metal oxide gas sensor with a sulfide and synthetic air.
- Figures 7a and b show the calibration of a Pd / Sn0 2 ⁇
- Figures 8a and b show calibration of a sulfide with a Pd / Sn0 2 metal oxide gas sensor and synthetic biogas.
- FIGS. 9a-j show the cross-correlation of a calibrated Pd / Sn0 2 metal oxide sensor with various substances in synthetic air.
- the device has a measuring chamber 2, in which the metal oxide gas sensor 3 is located. Furthermore, the measuring chamber may include a temperature / humidity / pressure sensor 9. With this temperature / humidity / pressure sensor 9, the chamber conditions, for example, about 0.7% to about 100%, or about 15% to about 60%, or about 40 - about 60% relative humidity, a temperature of about Be controlled at -55 ° C to about + 85 ° C, about 18 ° C - about 25 ° C and a pressure of about 570 hPa to about 1600 hPa, or about 940 - about 1200 hPa, so that in case of deviations Chamber conditions can be set again.
- the measuring chamber 2 for the sensors steel or glaze tees as
- the measuring chamber 2 may have an inert surface, such as by a powder coating, anodization or siloxing
- Measuring chamber can be about 10 cm 3 to about 2000 m 3 , as used for example in emission test chambers, be.
- the measuring chamber can be connected to a detector 4, for example FID (flame ionization detector), PID (photoionization detector), GC-MS (gas chromatography with mass spectrometry coupling), PTR-MS (photon transfer reaction mass spectrometry), FT-IR ((FIG. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer) and online NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) in order to make further measurements for the determination of the analyte.
- FID flame ionization detector
- PID photoionization detector
- GC-MS gas chromatography with mass spectrometry coupling
- PTR-MS photon transfer reaction mass spectrometry
- FT-IR (FIG. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer)
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- the device according to FIG. 1 furthermore comprises a
- this metering device for metering the gas mixture and any analyte present in the measuring chamber 2, wherein the metering device is connected via a line 5 to the measuring chamber 2.
- this metering device comprises a first dosing device 6 is a mass flow controller, with the background gas may ⁇ example, synthetic air or synthetic biogas, are guided regulated.
- the flow may, for example, be about 1 ml / minute to about 100 L / minute, or about 2 - about
- This mass flow controller can be connected via a line with a dosing unit as the second
- the second metering unit 7 can enable liquid metering by means of microdrop or a piezoelectric crystal can be used as the evaporator.
- the apparatus of Figure 1 further has a humidifying device, which in the present case has a mass flow controller 10 whose mass flow is passed through a washing bottle 11, which is connected via a line 8 to the measuring chamber.
- the mass flow for the mass flow controller 6 of the humidifying device may be 0.4 to 0.5 L / min.
- FIG. 2 shows a metal oxide gas sensor 3.
- a ceramic layer 31 for example, the
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the reaction equation for a better illustration of the reaction taking place in the metal oxide gas sensor. Further, FIG. 2 also shows the circuit 12 for heating the carrier 32 and the impedance measurement circuit 13.
- FIG. 3 a - c shows the calibration of the metal oxide gas sensor made of SnO 2 with 3% Pd (hereinafter referred to as Pd / SnO 2 sensor) with butanethiol, synthetic background air being used as the background for determining the baseline.
- Pd / SnO 2 sensor the metal oxide gas sensor made of SnO 2 with 3% Pd
- butanethiol synthetic background air being used as the background for determining the baseline.
- the baseline was determined in a first measurement, ie the impedance spectrum of the background, ie
- the concentration can be taken directly from FIG. 3c on the basis of the determined impedance.
- Example 2 was carried out in a manner similar to Example 1, except that dimethyl sulfide was used as the analyte.
- Example 3 was conducted in a similar manner to Example 1 except that CuO was used as the metal oxide gas sensor.
- FIGS. 5a-c The results are shown in FIGS. 5a-c. These correspond to the implementation and result of the
- FIGS. 3a-c discussed above, so that the
- Example 4 was carried out in a manner analogous to Example 2 except that CuO was used as the metal oxide sensor.
- FIGS. 6a-c The results are shown in FIGS. 6a-c. These correspond in the implementation and, as a result, FIGS. 3a-c discussed above, so that the interpretation of FIGS. 6a-c is based on the corresponding preceding FIGS
- Example 5 was carried out in a manner similar to Example 1 except that synthetic biogas with 60% methane, 38% CO 2 and 2% O 2 was used instead of synthetic air.
- FIG. 7a shows the resistances found in relation to the frequency range investigated in the concentrations indicated in the figures
- FIG. 7b shows the graphical representation of the concentration in relation to FIG
- Example 6 was similar to Example 2
- Example 7 the analytes ethanol, decanol, acetone, hexanal, ß-pinene, limonene, acetic acid and octanoic acid, octane and isoprene using SnC> 2 with 3% Pd as a metal oxide gas sensor against the background of synthetic air impedance spectroscopy examined.
- the above analytes were dosed at a concentration of 100 ppb.
- the results are shown in FIGS. 9a-j. The results show that with a given sensor, other analytes can be tested to determine the sensitivity of the sensor to the other analytes.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017207710.7A DE102017207710A1 (de) | 2017-05-08 | 2017-05-08 | Kalibrierverfahren, seine Anwendung und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| DE102017211731 | 2017-07-10 | ||
| PCT/EP2018/061311 WO2018206385A1 (de) | 2017-05-08 | 2018-05-03 | Kalibrierverfahren, seine anwendung und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3622278A1 true EP3622278A1 (de) | 2020-03-18 |
Family
ID=62386370
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18727683.7A Withdrawn EP3622278A1 (de) | 2017-05-08 | 2018-05-03 | Kalibrierverfahren, seine anwendung und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20200173945A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3622278A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2018206385A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11333646B2 (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2022-05-17 | General Electric Company | Gas sensor system and method |
| US11636870B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-04-25 | Denso International America, Inc. | Smoking cessation systems and methods |
| US11760170B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-09-19 | Denso International America, Inc. | Olfaction sensor preservation systems and methods |
| US12269315B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2025-04-08 | Denso International America, Inc. | Systems and methods for measuring and managing odor brought into rental vehicles |
| US11813926B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-11-14 | Denso International America, Inc. | Binding agent and olfaction sensor |
| US12377711B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2025-08-05 | Denso International America, Inc. | Vehicle feature control systems and methods based on smoking |
| US12251991B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2025-03-18 | Denso International America, Inc. | Humidity control for olfaction sensors |
| US11932080B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2024-03-19 | Denso International America, Inc. | Diagnostic and recirculation control systems and methods |
| US11760169B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-09-19 | Denso International America, Inc. | Particulate control systems and methods for olfaction sensors |
| US12017506B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2024-06-25 | Denso International America, Inc. | Passenger cabin air control systems and methods |
| US11828210B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-11-28 | Denso International America, Inc. | Diagnostic systems and methods of vehicles using olfaction |
| US11881093B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2024-01-23 | Denso International America, Inc. | Systems and methods for identifying smoking in vehicles |
| JP2025509426A (ja) * | 2022-03-10 | 2025-04-11 | タオ トレジャーズ エルエルシー ディービーエー ナノバイオファブ | 病原体由来の揮発性有機化合物を検出するためのセンサ及びセンサ材料 |
| MA57945B1 (fr) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-06-28 | Mascir (Moroccan Foundation For Advanced Science, Innovation & Research) | Capteur de gaz à régulation automatique |
| CN115753938B (zh) * | 2022-10-30 | 2025-04-08 | 上海交通大学 | 一种己醛传感器及其制备方法 |
| KR20250014055A (ko) * | 2023-07-19 | 2025-02-03 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 냄새 측정 장치 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19617297A1 (de) * | 1996-04-30 | 1997-11-13 | Brand Gerhart Rosemarie | Simultane Detektion von oxidierbaren und reduzierbaren Gasen mit Metalloxidsensoren unter Einsatz von Impedanzspektroskopie |
| EP1628132B1 (de) * | 2004-08-17 | 2015-01-07 | Sensirion Holding AG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Eichung von Sensoren |
| US20060042353A1 (en) * | 2004-08-25 | 2006-03-02 | Brent Marquis | Analyte quantitation using semiconducting metal oxide gas sensors |
| DE102008028681A1 (de) * | 2008-06-17 | 2009-12-31 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Metalloxid-Gassensors, Sensorvorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens sowie Verwendung desselben |
| US10228345B2 (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2019-03-12 | University Of Connecticut | High temperature sensor for reducing gas |
-
2018
- 2018-05-03 EP EP18727683.7A patent/EP3622278A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-05-03 WO PCT/EP2018/061311 patent/WO2018206385A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2018-05-03 US US16/612,143 patent/US20200173945A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2018206385A1 (de) | 2018-11-15 |
| US20200173945A1 (en) | 2020-06-04 |
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