EP3614086A1 - Verdampfer und kühlsystem mit verdampfer - Google Patents

Verdampfer und kühlsystem mit verdampfer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3614086A1
EP3614086A1 EP19192313.5A EP19192313A EP3614086A1 EP 3614086 A1 EP3614086 A1 EP 3614086A1 EP 19192313 A EP19192313 A EP 19192313A EP 3614086 A1 EP3614086 A1 EP 3614086A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
evaporator
refrigerant
hollow elements
longitudinal hollow
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19192313.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Torfinn TORP
Knut Roger VÅGENES
John Magne GITMARK
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Teknotherm Marine As Norway
Original Assignee
Teknotherm Marine As Norway
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Teknotherm Marine As Norway filed Critical Teknotherm Marine As Norway
Publication of EP3614086A1 publication Critical patent/EP3614086A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/103—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of more than two coaxial conduits or modules of more than two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/003—Multiple wall conduits, e.g. for leak detection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
    • F28D2021/0071—Evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1607—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. change of flow direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a refrigeration system, and an evaporator for a refrigeration system, and more specifically to a refrigeration system for cooling of fluids, such as a chiller.
  • the system may be used in different applications, such as in marine applications for cooling of water filled tanks. Other applications may include, but are not limited to cooling other liquids, cooling of gases under pressure or condensing a secondary medium in a cascaded system.
  • a water chiller is a device used to extract heat from water to a refrigerant in a closed loop system. The refrigerant is then pumped to a location where the waste heat is transferred to the surroundings via a condenser.
  • some marine vessels are equipped with water tanks that need temperature control and consequently refrigeration.
  • the tanks When the tanks are filled up, different type of debris, minerals and algae flow into the tank with the seawater. This may be an advantage when the tanks are used to store sea animals, such as fish, but it may cause problems for the chiller system, since the evaporator tend to loose efficiency after a while because of growing of algae and fouling. Larger particles or debris, such as shellfish may also cause problems. Evaporator components may even brake if water is allowed to freeze as a result of blocked channels. The evaporator design should therefore allow easy maintenance.
  • a goal with the present invention is to overcome the problems of prior art.
  • the invention solving the above-mentioned problems is an evaporator and a refrigerator system, such as a chiller according to the independent claims.
  • the evaporator and refrigerant system have a low refrigerant charge, i.e. the type and mass of refrigerant is low due to a small refrigerant volume.
  • the small volume is made possible by the novel evaporator design.
  • the amount of refrigerant may be decreased while maintaining the capacity.
  • the refrigerant is always well protected inside the evaporator itself, and explosion-proof rooms are not required on board ships for hosting the evaporator, according to at least some authorities like the Norwegian Maritime Directorate.
  • the evaporator has an increased heat transfer rate compared to flooded evaporators.
  • the increase is made possible by an increased velocity on the refrigerant side, again resulting from the design of the evaporator.
  • the evaporator is easy to clean and maintain and can be used in areas with a high fouling rate. Due to flow velocity, the evaporator may also be self-cleaned.
  • the evaporator is also suitable for refrigerants with a large difference between vapor and liquid density, such as Ammonia.
  • a large difference between vapor and liquid density such as Ammonia.
  • prior art systems has therefore been challenging to have a good distribution in the evaporator.
  • the first longitudinal hollow elements help to maintain this distribution. Further the large vapor volumes may be easily ventilated due to the natural flow through the evaporator.
  • the invention is an evaporator comprising a refrigerant circuit comprising first longitudinal hollow elements (10), and a fluid circuit comprising second longitudinal hollow elements (20) arranged inside respective first longitudinal hollow elements (10), as illustrated in Fig. 1, 2 , 3 and 4 .
  • the evaporator is typically used in a refrigerator system, such as a chiller.
  • the refrigerant circuit is arranged to carry the refrigerant, and the fluid circuit is used to carry the fluid to be refrigerated, such as water.
  • the first longitudinal hollow elements (10) has an inner cross section (CS1) and the second longitudinal hollow elements (20) has an outer cross section (CS2).
  • the outer cross section (CS2) is smaller than the inner cross section (CS1), and the difference in the inner cross section (CS1) and the outer cross section (CS2) defines a first cavity (11), arranged to carry the refrigerant.
  • Inner and outer cross sections (CS1, CS2) are illustrated in the enlarged part of Fig. 3 .
  • the evaporator comprises a fluid inlet (3a, 3c) and a fluid inlet chamber (4a, 4c), wherein the fluid inlet chamber (4a, 4c) is arranged as a manifold between the fluid inlet (3a, 3c) and at least a first set of the second longitudinal hollow elements (20). This is illustrated in Fig. 2 and 3 .
  • a manifold is intended to mean a larger or wider channel, into which one or more smaller pipes or channels lead, intended to carry fluid in one direction or the other.
  • the evaporator comprises a first fluid end element (22a) providing fluid communication from the fluid inlet chamber (4a, 4c) to the least first set of the second longitudinal hollow elements (20), and arranged at the end of the at least first set of the second longitudinal hollow elements (20), wherein the fluid inlet chamber (4a, 4c) is delimited by the first fluid end element (22a).
  • the first fluid end element (22a) is a plate with through holes.
  • the second longitudinal hollow elements (20) and the through holes are arranged in rows.
  • the first fluid end element (22a) is arranged perpendicular to the second longitudinal hollow elements (20).
  • the evaporator comprises a refrigerant inlet (2a) and a refrigerant inlet chamber (5a) wherein the refrigerant inlet chamber (5a) is arranged as a manifold between the refrigerant inlet (2a) and at least a first set of the first longitudinal hollow elements (10).
  • the flow direction of the refrigerant relative to the fluid to be refrigerated may be the same as indicated in the drawings, or opposite. In the last case the inlet and outlet should change places.
  • the evaporator comprises a refrigerant end element (12a) providing refrigerator communication from the refrigerant inlet chamber (5a) to the at least first set of the first longitudinal hollow elements (10), and arranged at the end of the at least first set of the first longitudinal hollow elements (10), wherein the refrigerant inlet chamber (5a) is delimited by the refrigerant end element (12a).
  • the refrigerant end element (12a) is a plate with through holes.
  • the second longitudinal hollow elements (20) are running through the refrigerant inlet chamber (5a) and the refrigerant inlet chamber (5a) is delimited by the second longitudinal hollow elements (20).
  • the refrigerant inlet chamber (5a) is further delimited by the fluid end element (12a).
  • the evaporator comprises a housing (1), wherein the housing (1) delimits the fluid inlet chamber (4a, 4c) and the refrigerant inlet chamber (5a) from the exterior.
  • the refrigerant inlet chamber (5a) is arranged inside, or behind, the fluid inlet chamber (4a, 4c) seen from a first end (1a) of the housing (1) as illustrated in the figures.
  • the housing (1) may e.g. have the form of a cylindrical tank with a cylindrical section between first and second housing ends (1a, 1b), as illustrated.
  • the first longitudinal hollow elements (10) and/or the second longitudinal hollow elements (20) may be cylindrical or tubular as illustrated e.g. in Fig. 1 .
  • the first cavity (11) will be an annulus.
  • first longitudinal hollow elements (10) and/or the second longitudinal hollow elements (20) are corrugated tubes, finned tubes or elements with other hollow shapes.
  • the first longitudinal hollow elements (10) and/or second longitudinal hollow elements (20) may be straight from end to end. This will facilitate maintenance and cleaning of the fluid circuit of the evaporator, which over time will be exposed to fouling.
  • first longitudinal hollow elements (10) and/or the second longitudinal hollow elements (20) may be arranged in rows.
  • the first longitudinal hollow elements (10) may in an embodiment be arranged in staged array where one row is offset by e.g. half the centre to centre distance between two first longitudinal hollow elements (10).
  • the first fluid end element (22a) and/or the refrigerant end element (12a) may be circular plates whose circumferences align with a wall of the housing (1) as seen in Fig. 2 and 3 , to form cavities constituting the fluid inlet chamber (4a, 4c) and the refrigerant inlet chamber (5a) within the housing.
  • the plates may e.g. be welded or bolted to the housing (1), or fastened by other means, such as being a result of a molding or printing manufacturing process.
  • the refrigerant end element (12a) may be arranged in parallel to the first fluid end element (22a) as illustrated in Fig. 2 and 3 . Further, both these elements may be arranged perpendicular to the first longitudinal hollow elements (10).
  • the evaporator may in a fifth embodiment, that may be combined with any of the embodiments above, comprise a fluid outlet chamber (4b, 4d), wherein the fluid outlet chamber (4b, 4d) is arranged as a manifold between the fluid outlet (3b, 3d) and at least a first set of the second longitudinal hollow elements (20).
  • FIG. 2 Two alternative embodiments are illustrated in Fig. 2 and 3 .
  • the fluid outlet chamber (4b) and the fluid outlet (3b) are arranged on the same end of the evaporator as the fluid inlet chamber (4a), while in Fig. 3 , the fluid outlet chamber (4b) and the fluid outlet (3d) are arranged on the opposite end of the evaporator.
  • the fluid to be refrigerated will therefore enter through the fluid inlet (3a), be distributed in the fluid inlet chamber (4a) to a first subset of the second longitudinal hollow elements (20) in the upper half of Fig. 2 , continue all the way through the longitudinal hollow elements (20) to the second end (1b) of the housing (1) comprising an internal cavity (4e) where all the longitudinal hollow elements (20) are terminated.
  • the fluid will then return through a second subset of longitudinal hollow elements (20) in the lower half of Fig. 2 , and exit through the fluid outlet (3b) via the fluid outlet chamber (4b).
  • the fluid flow could also be in the opposite direction if inlet and outlets are interchanged.
  • the cavity in the first end (1a) of the housing (1) is split into two sub-chambers, i.e. fluid inlet chamber and fluid outlet chamber (4a, 4b) by the divider (6).
  • Two-pass evaporators may be advantageous when fluid flow rate is low or space is limited.
  • the fluid to be refrigerated will enter through the fluid inlet (3a), be distributed in the fluid inlet chamber (4a) to all the second longitudinal hollow elements, continue all the way through the longitudinal hollow elements (20) to the second end (1b) of the housing (1) comprising the fluid outlet chamber (4d) where all the longitudinal hollow elements (20) are terminated.
  • the fluid will then exit through the fluid outlet (3d) via the fluid outlet chamber (4d).
  • the evaporator comprises a fluid second end element (22b) providing fluid communication from the least first set of the second longitudinal hollow elements (20) to the fluid outlet chamber (4d), and arranged at the end of the at least first set of the second longitudinal hollow elements (20), wherein the fluid outlet chamber (4d) is delimited by the fluid second end element (22b).
  • the evaporator may in an embodiment comprise a refrigerator outlet (2b) and a refrigerant outlet chamber (5b) wherein the refrigerator outlet chamber (5b) is arranged as a manifold between the at least a first set of the first longitudinal hollow elements (10) and the refrigerator outlet (2b).
  • the evaporator may also in an embodiment comprise a refrigerant end element (12b) providing refrigerator communication from the at least first of the first longitudinal hollow elements (10) to the refrigerator outlet chamber (5b), and arranged at the end of the at least first of the first longitudinal hollow elements (10), wherein the refrigerator outlet chamber (5b) is delimited by the refrigerant end element (12b).
  • a refrigerant end element (12b) providing refrigerator communication from the at least first of the first longitudinal hollow elements (10) to the refrigerator outlet chamber (5b), and arranged at the end of the at least first of the first longitudinal hollow elements (10), wherein the refrigerator outlet chamber (5b) is delimited by the refrigerant end element (12b).
  • Fig. 2 and 3 most of the elements, such as the fluid end element (12b), the refrigerant end element (22b), the first and second longitudinal hollow elements (10, 20), and the housing (1), except for the first and second housing ends (1a, 1b) may be similar in both ends, and the features already described for the elements located to the left in Fig. 2 and 3 may also be combined in the same way with the elements located to the right.
  • the refrigerant inlet and outlet (2a, 2b) are illustrated on the same side of the housing (1) in Fig. 2 and 3 , the inlet and outlet could in other embodiments of the invention be arranged e.g. above and below in different ends, or above or below in the same end, such as illustrated in Fig. 4 .
  • the refrigerator will therefore enter through the refrigerant inlet (2c), be distributed in the refrigerant inlet chamber (5c) to a first subset of the first longitudinal hollow elements (10) in the upper half of Fig. 4 , continue all the way through the first longitudinal hollow elements (10) to the second end (1b) of the housing (1) comprising an internal refrigerator cavity (5e) where all the first longitudinal hollow elements (10) are terminated.
  • the fluid will then return through a second subset of first longitudinal hollow elements (10) in the lower half of Fig. 4 , and exit through the refrigerator outlet (2d) via the refrigerator outlet chamber (5d).
  • the chamber equivalent to the refrigerant inlet chamber (5a) of Fig. 2 is split into two sub-chambers, i.e. refrigerant inlet chamber and refrigerant outlet chamber (5c, 5d) by the refrigerator divider (7).
  • the evaporator in Fig. 3 is sometimes referred to as a single pass evaporator because the fluid flows only through one length of the housing (1), i.e. in in one end and out the other end.
  • the evaporator in Fig. 2 is referred to as a double, or two-pass evaporator since fluid is passing through two lengths of the housing (1).
  • the evaporator may also have more than two passes, e.g. 3, 4, 5.
  • the refrigerant circuit is illustrated only as single-pass, but may also have any number of passes.
  • the evaporator may successfully be used with different types of refrigerants, such as e.g. ammonia or CO 2 .
  • refrigerants such as e.g. ammonia or CO 2 .
  • Ammonia has a normal boiling point of 28 degree centigrade, and a refrigeration system using ammonia may have certain advantages, such that the refrigerant being environmentally compatible.
  • Ammonia and CO 2 as refrigerants have very good thermodynamic qualities, which may increase the efficiency of the system.
  • the refrigerant inlet (2a) may in an embodiment be arranged below the refrigerant outlet (2b).
  • All the inlets and outlets may be equipped with flanges and/or couplings for connection to other elements of a refrigeration system.
  • the invention is also a refrigerator system or a chiller (100) comprising;
  • the refrigerator system comprises a liquid separator (105) to release flash gases as illustrated in Fig. 6 .
  • the liquid separator (105) is a container arranged in the refrigerant condenser circuit.
  • the liquid separator (105) has an inlet for gaseous refrigerant from the refrigerant outlet (2b, 2d) of the evaporator, and an outlet for passing the gaseous refrigerant to the refrigerant condenser circuit comprising compressor (103), condenser (102) and thermal expansion valve (104).
  • the liquid separator (105) further has an inlet for the liquid feed from the thermal expansion valve (104), and an outlet for passing liquid refrigerant to the inlet (2a, 2c) of the evaporator.
  • the refrigerator system according to the present invention has shown significantly increased capacity of the chiller system compared to e.g. traditional RSW systems, it allows a low amount of refrigerant while maintaining a high capacity, and furthermore the refrigerant circuit may be self-circulating due to natural flow, which also provides a reliable operation.
  • a chiller system (100) may comprise more than one evaporator (101), e.g. two or more evaporators, which might be coupled in parallel, each evaporator (101) being in fluid communication with a liquid separator (105), and refrigerant condensing circuit as described above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
EP19192313.5A 2018-08-20 2019-08-19 Verdampfer und kühlsystem mit verdampfer Withdrawn EP3614086A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20181095A NO345004B1 (en) 2018-08-20 2018-08-20 Evaporator and refrigeration system with evaporator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3614086A1 true EP3614086A1 (de) 2020-02-26

Family

ID=67659367

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19192313.5A Withdrawn EP3614086A1 (de) 2018-08-20 2019-08-19 Verdampfer und kühlsystem mit verdampfer

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP3614086A1 (de)
NO (1) NO345004B1 (de)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB260066A (en) * 1925-08-12 1926-10-28 Emilio Storoni Heat exchange apparatus
WO1990012992A1 (en) * 1989-04-26 1990-11-01 Maekinen Kalervo Paeivioe Heat exchanger provided with double tubes
DE202010004933U1 (de) * 2010-04-13 2010-09-30 Santore, Karl Wand-Wärmetauscher
EP2735832A1 (de) * 2011-07-22 2014-05-28 Panasonic Corporation Wärmetauscher und wärmepumpe damit

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3681936A (en) * 1970-10-26 1972-08-08 Oklahoma Mfg Co Heat exchanger
JP4016659B2 (ja) * 2002-01-15 2007-12-05 株式会社デンソー 空調装置
DE202016003152U1 (de) * 2015-09-08 2016-12-12 Thesys Gmbh Wärmeübertrager mit Koaxialrohren

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB260066A (en) * 1925-08-12 1926-10-28 Emilio Storoni Heat exchange apparatus
WO1990012992A1 (en) * 1989-04-26 1990-11-01 Maekinen Kalervo Paeivioe Heat exchanger provided with double tubes
DE202010004933U1 (de) * 2010-04-13 2010-09-30 Santore, Karl Wand-Wärmetauscher
EP2735832A1 (de) * 2011-07-22 2014-05-28 Panasonic Corporation Wärmetauscher und wärmepumpe damit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20181095A1 (en) 2020-02-21
NO345004B1 (en) 2020-08-17

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