EP3610699A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtungen zur kontaktlosen direkten erwärmung von flüssigkeiten und feststoffen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtungen zur kontaktlosen direkten erwärmung von flüssigkeiten und feststoffenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3610699A1 EP3610699A1 EP18717582.3A EP18717582A EP3610699A1 EP 3610699 A1 EP3610699 A1 EP 3610699A1 EP 18717582 A EP18717582 A EP 18717582A EP 3610699 A1 EP3610699 A1 EP 3610699A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- energy
- electromagnetic
- electromagnetic energy
- unit
- generator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
- H05B6/105—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/06—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
- H05B6/12—Cooking devices
- H05B6/1209—Cooking devices induction cooking plates or the like and devices to be used in combination with them
- H05B6/1236—Cooking devices induction cooking plates or the like and devices to be used in combination with them adapted to induce current in a coil to supply power to a device and electrical heating devices powered in this way
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/36—Coil arrangements
- H05B6/365—Coil arrangements using supplementary conductive or ferromagnetic pieces
Definitions
- the heating or heating of liquids in a container can be done by an external source of energy in the form of an open flame or by an external electric-powered heat source.
- an external source of energy in the form of an open flame or by an external electric-powered heat source.
- the container which contains a liquid and / or a solid, has sufficient heat resistance, which usually requires a metallic container wall.
- an electric heat generator can be introduced into the container to be heated, for.
- the heater In the form of an electrical resistance heater.
- the disadvantage here is that the heater must be connected inside the container with a line for power supply. With only temporarily required energy input, this may be impractical, z. B. because the container can not be properly closed by this. So it is impractical, z. As a soup or a hot drink, such as a coffee to keep warm with an immersion heater or keep it tempered.
- hot drinks such as coffee or tea
- containers for single use which consist of plastics or cellulosic materials.
- a disadvantage of this transport form of hot drinks is that such drinks are initially too hot for immediate consumption, then for one, depending on the isolation of the container, short phase have an optimal consumption temperature and then, especially at smaller residual amount very quickly comes to a cooling , whereby such cooled drinks are associated with an unacceptable taste experience.
- hot drinks have to be drunk relatively quickly and completely in the temperature range acceptable for consumption, or a residual amount which has undergone unacceptable cooling is discarded.
- the hot drink or a liquid for consumption that is already in a disposable unit remain therein but can still be kept warm or heated therein without requiring immersion of an external electric heat source. It is therefore the object of the following technical teaching and technical drawings to provide a method and devices with which by an electromagnetic energy source liquids and / or solids to be melted and / or solid in any containers contactlessly heated and / or tempered and / or mixed so that the use of special containers is not required.
- Indirect heating / tempering takes place by heating / tempering a container in which the liquid is located, by means of an externally located energy source, and by means of convection transferring the thermal energy to the liquid.
- the amount of energy required for this is always and usually much greater than the amount of energy needed to heat / temper the liquid, as part of the energy is not transferred.
- Another disadvantage is that when using a device that has a certain area of Heated container, it can come at very different amounts of liquid to be heated to the same temperature, at the interface between the heated container and the liquid to overheat, which can be recognized, for example, a formation of boiling bubbles.
- an adjustable surface temperature of the container used for heating / tempering can not be achieved by means of indirect heating / tempering processes for different amounts of liquid or different containers or heating powers.
- a direct heating / tempering takes place by introducing a device for heating / temperature control into the liquid contained in a container and to be heated / tempered and connected to an external energy source.
- a device for heating / temperature control into the liquid contained in a container and to be heated / tempered and connected to an external energy source.
- the available according to the prior art devices such.
- As an immersion heater, which are based on the principle of an electrical resistance heater, are not suitable to prevent local overheating of liquids and usually have only a small surface area.
- the need for a cable connection is a limitation for many applications.
- the material to be heated is within the electromagnetic field of an AC coil, ie the workpiece or areas of the workpiece are within a closed or semi-open coil or at least in some areas in the immediate vicinity of an open coil with round, semi-circular or even flattened shape.
- Due to the short range of the alternating electromagnetic field are applications in which an electromagnetic energy field for heating metallic or non-metallic compounds that adsorb electro-magnetic energy in the near field, ie within a few millimeters outside of the electromagnetic coil and where there are no Connection to portions of the coils are, or is not enclosed by the electromagnetic coil in parts, significantly less efficient.
- the object of this invention to provide a method and apparatus with which an adjustable and controllable heating of Energyaufêtissen that are not in direct contact with an EM energy generator and outside a coil that generates an electromagnetic energy field, and are Thus, near and / or far field of an electromagnetic field energy can be done.
- the near field is preferably less than 5 mm, more preferably less than 4 mm and more preferably less than 3 mm away from the energy generator, while the far field is preferably at a distance to the energy generator of more than 10 cm, more preferably more than 4 cm and more preferably more than 5.1mm.
- EM electromagnetic
- EM energy absorbers objects or compounds which can adsorb the applied electromagnetic energy and which are subsequently referred to as EM energy absorbers are heated / heated by the adsorption of the electromagnetic energy, which is passed through at least one separation layer to one or more energy generator (s). Electromagnetic energy (EM energy source) are separated and have only one or more points of entry to one or more EM energy provider (s) / have. Furthermore, the heating and temperature control of energy absorbers according to the invention can take place up to a contactless distance of at least 4 cm, more preferably of at least 6 cm and more preferably of at least 10 cm.
- Preferred is a method in which the EM energy field of the near and far field of the energy emitter, which causes a measurable heating of an energy absorber, is in a range between 3 mm and 10 cm above the energy delivery surface of an EM energy generator.
- a method for the direct and contactless induction current heating of liquids and / or fusible solids and / or solids which is characterized by an EM energy generator unit and an EM energy absorber element, which is contactless in a liquid or a fusible solid in a container made of glass, ceramic, a plastic or cellulosic materials, which is located in the electromagnetic near and / or far field of the energy generator unit is located.
- An advantage of the method is that a heating / tempering directly in a liquid or directly on a solid and thus can be done directly.
- Preferred is a method for direct and contactless heating / temperature control of liquids and / or solids.
- Ferritic materials consist of a cubic-body-centered lattice structure of pure iron and its mixed crystals. Workpieces made of ferritic material, referred to below as ferrite or ferrite body, are obtained by a sintering process. They have paramagnetic and / or ferromagnetic properties. Due to the very good adsorption of electromagnetic energy, they are used to shield electrical lines, which can reduce or eliminate emission of an electromagnetic energy field. Surprisingly, it has been found that ferrites are particularly suitable for generating and concentrating an electromagnetic energy field, whereby a directed delivery of the focused energy field in a near and far field of one is possible.
- Preference is given to a method in which a generation and bundling of an electromagnetic energy field takes place with a ferrite, and an emission of the bundled energy field takes place in a near and far field.
- the concentrated electromagnetic energy field is capable of inductively heating adsorption materials.
- Preference is given to a method in which a ferrite for generating and bundling an electromagnetic energy field and emission of the bundled energy field is used and in which an inductive heating of an energy absorber takes place through the concentrated electromagnetic energy field into a near and far field.
- Preferred is a method in which a ferrite is used as a coil core for the generation and emission of an electromagnetic energy field for inductive heating of an EM energy absorber in a near and far field of the EM energy generator.
- the use of an EM energy generator is a preferred process element.
- EM energy generator consisting of a ferrite and an electrical conductor, also referred to as RF induction coil.
- films and / or thin slices of adsorbent materials which are connected via a thermally conductive bonding layer, which does not lead to the adsorption of electromagnetic energy, with a suitable material for heat release, creating an adsorption-free gap space, for an energy-efficient process execution are particularly well suited.
- the use of films and discs of adsorbent material is an essential process element.
- the invention is therefore based on various process elements, which lead to the embodiment of the invention and to particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention.
- the method elements according to the invention, inventive materials / components, and inventive arrangements of the materials / components and the integrative function / function control of the materials / components are therefore based on various process elements, which lead to the embodiment of the invention and to particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention.
- Another aspect of the invention, or another method element relates to the arrangement of the components of the energy generator unit and the Energyberger choirelements.
- the method may be practiced without physical contact between the EM energy generator unit, which is outside of a liquid medium, and an EM energy pickup element that is in a liquid medium.
- Induction current heating unit includes the 2 main process elements, or main components: 1. EM energy generator unit and 2. EM Energyberger fielement. In the following, they are singularized, but one or both of the main components or other components may also be present in 2 or more times in an induction current heating unit.
- an EM energy absorber element is effected by an electromagnetic energy field which is provided by an EM energy generator unit.
- an EM energy generator unit In the simplest embodiment, the latter consists of a conductor of electromagnetic energy (core) and a coil wound therefrom of an electrically conductive material / wire (coil). In the following, this arrangement is also referred to as RF coil. Such an arrangement can both generate and adsorb electromagnetic energy.
- an arrangement of a core and a coil according to the present invention with which an electromagnetic energy field is generated and emitted will be called an EM energy generator, and such an arrangement with which an electromagnetic energy field is adsorbed and converted into an electric energy will be described HF induction coil referred to or induction current generator, if in addition electronic components for generating a DC voltage present, or are connected thereto.
- the required for heating / heating of the energy absorber electromagnetic energy field is produced by the RF coil of the EM energy generator is supplied with a high-frequency electrical AC voltage, d. H. is coupled in an RF voltage resonant circuit and closes it.
- the resulting magnetic field of the RF coil generates an eddy current in / at the core, which bundles and directs the electromagnetic energy field and thus becomes the electro-magnetic conductor.
- the electromagnetic energy field required for energy transmission arises at the pole ends of the electromagnetic conductor.
- the core material that can be used for an EM energy generator can in principle be any element or compound that allows conductivity of electro-magnetic energy. Preference is given to materials that allow the induction of an eddy current and thereby have a low heating of the material (power loss).
- the compounds may consist of or include the following elements, such as silver, copper, gold, iron, aluminum, brass, chromium, stainless steel, lead, tungsten, tin, zinc, gadolinium or indium. It has been found that ferritic material can be used in a very advantageous manner as the conductor of an electromagnetic energy field. In a preferred embodiment, ferrites are used as the core material.
- ferrites with additives such as manganese-zinc ferrites (Mn a Zn (i_ a ) Fe 2 0 4 ) or nickel-zinc ferrites (Ni a Zn (i_ a ) Fe 2 0 4 ).
- the core can in principle have any shape. Preferred is a straight rod shape. More preferred is a U-shape of a rod, tube or molding. Further particularly preferred are molded parts with an E-shape or so-called shell cores. Most preferred is an arrangement of shell cores with protrusions consisting of ducts or webs or cylindrical or polygonal, with different diameters, and which can be provided with the same or each with a different coil. In a particularly preferred embodiment, such an arrangement is achieved by ferrite moldings. Particular preference is given to ferrites which have at least one base and one projection.
- Preference is given to coil cores which have a layer-like or shell-like arrangement. Preference is given to EM energy generators which have a plurality of core coils.
- the electrical conductor of the coil is preferably made of a material which has a high electrical conductivity, at the same time low resistance in the passage of a high-frequency alternating current.
- the metals are preferably silver, copper, aluminum or compounds with these metals. Particularly preferred is copper.
- the electrical conductor can be made as a wire or tape or foil. There is no electrical contact between the core and the coil.
- the electrical conductor is sheathed with a preferably thin insulating layer. Particularly preferred is a jacket with an insulating varnish.
- the insulated wires are grouped into bundles which may be in parallel arrangement or intertwined. Such materials are also known as HF stranded wire.
- the coil may consist of a wrap of the electrical conductor or of a plurality of convolutions arranged one above the other.
- the material thickness of the conductor and the Umwindungsress depend on the application and are to be aligned to the strength of the required electro-magnetic energy field.
- the conductor is connected to both ends of the RF alternator.
- Preferred is the use of an EM energy generator having a core of a ferrite and a coil of an RF strand.
- One aspect of the invention relates to the improvement of the energy efficiency of an inductive heating / heating process possible by a preferred method embodiment.
- a higher thermal energy input into one of the EM energy sensor elements according to the invention using identical setting parameters of a high-frequency current generator with a method embodiment according to the invention than is possible with a device and a method according to the prior art.
- the spatial arrangement of the elements / components of the EM energy generator is of great importance.
- the high energy transfer performance was carried out via the end surface plane of the one or the plurality of strip (s) / web (s) / ring (s), which in the case of a shell or the presence of a base on the opposite side of the shell bottom or the base plane is / are located, as far as an arrangement of the EM energy absorber existed that a possible surface parallel alignment to the end surface plane, which is also the EM energy release level, was present.
- the energy transfer performance could thereby be increased by at least 100% compared to a test setup with the same electrical conductor and an identically shaped winding and orientation of this winding, but without using a ferritic material, using the identical settings of the energy generator unit . It was then found that the transmittable amount of energy disproportionately compared to one identical arrangement of an electrical conductor, but without the use of a ferritic component, can be increased by the electrical conductor describes more than one turn around one or more of the strips / webs / rings and / or portions of a shell, provided that they are made of a ferritic material consist.
- the spatial orientation of the one or more RF coil (s), which in a ferrite body, such as a shell core, has no effect on the amount of energy that can be emitted in the energy delivery range of the EM energy generator. It has then also been found that even when using fewer such turns of one or more electrical conductors, no further increase in the amount of transmissible electromagnetic energy can be achieved. Therefore, the required length of the electric conductor required for carrying out the inventive process execution can be reduced to a minimum while improving the transmission of electromagnetic energy, which is particularly converted into heat energy.
- Preference is given to a method in which an electrical conductor with ⁇ than 20 turns is placed around at least one strip / web / ring and / or a shell portion of a shell core, or a base of the ferrites of the EM energy generator.
- Such coils consist of a flat and spirally arranged winding of a multifilament copper wire strand with a wire cross-sectional diameter between 2.5 and 5 mm 2 .
- the wire cross-section diameter of such coils was greater than that of the electrical conductor in the EM energy sources.
- the EM energy generator according to the invention had a significantly smaller diameter, which accounted for only 1/3 of the surface of the energy absorber.
- the EM energy generator according to the invention consisted of ferrite pot cores, which had an E-type or as a closed shell core with one or more herein projections in the form of one / more strips / webs (s) or rings (n) were present.
- the internal power dissipation can be determined be determined by a determination of the flowing current of the HF voltage transmitter is recorded during an unloaded operation of an RF resonant circuit with an electrical conductor.
- the extent of internal power dissipation depends on numerous factors, such as the geometry of the electrical conductor or the excitation frequency of the resonant circuit and must be determined individually. It has also been found that the internal power dissipation can also change during transmission of an electromagnetic energy field with respect to the internal power loss that exists without transmission of an electromagnetic energy amount.
- Preferred is a method in which the internal power dissipation is not increased or decreased during transmission of electromagnetic energy by an EM energy generator.
- Preferred is a method in which the energy efficiency is increased in an inductive heating.
- Preferred is a method for reducing the internal loss line of an electrical RF resonant circuit.
- bundling of the electromagnetic energy field is achieved with an EM energy generator produced according to the invention, wherein the radiation plane is parallel to the plane of completion of a / a bar / web / ring of the ferrite, in which at least one wrap of an electrical conductor is executed is, or is located parallel to the surface of the opposite side of a shell core.
- a bundling of the electromagnetic energy field can be achieved, in particular, if a ferrite body / ferrite component, comprising a base and a projection projecting therefrom, whose lateral boundary is an angle of 45 to 135 ° to the base describes exists.
- a projection hereinabove, a protrusion originating from the level of the base of the ferrite body / ferrite member is referred to. This can have any geometry.
- a base may have any geometry, such as a disk or a block.
- Preferred is a flat embodiment in the sense of a plate or disc. This may have any surface geometry, preferably a round or square-cornered design.
- the base can also be made in the surface geometry that is to correspond to the geometry of the desired electromagnetic energy field in an individual application. It has been found that when an RF coil describes at least one turn around the base or protrusion, the beneficial effect of focusing the emitted electromagnetic energy field occurs and the collimated electromagnetic energy field is emitted from the region of the protrusion.
- bundling can also be produced in particular by the fact that a ferrite / ferrite component consists of a base and at least 2 protrusions, which depart from the same side of the base at an angle between 45 and 135 ° from the base, and at least a portion of the base or outgoing cantilever is / are enclosed at least once by the RF coil. It has been found that the bundling of an electromagnetic energy field can be further increased if the base of a ferritic body / component is designed in the form of a shell.
- an improvement in the bundling of the electromagnetic energy field could be documented by one or more protrusions (s) emerging from the base at an angle of 45 to 135 degrees from a base and located within a half shell or a solid shell.
- the protrusions referred to herein are preferably ledges or ridges or rings or other shaped protrusions extending from the base.
- an increase in a bundled electromagnetic energy transfer power has been found when an RF coil was placed around one or more of the cantilever (s). It has been found that there is a concentration of the electromagnetic energy emitted in the portion of the ferrite body / ferrite member bounded by the projections within which the base and / or one of the projections is wound around a coil at least once.
- the radiation plane of the electromagnetic energy field is located on the opposite side to the base.
- the electromagnetic energy field is located outside of the ferritic component.
- the top of the highest outgoing from the base highest projection represents thereby the beginning of the near field of the EM energy generator.
- an EM energy generator consisting of a ferrite, wherein at least one / a bar / web / ring, in the sense of a projection / extension, which is preferably arranged perpendicular to a base, and at least one (e) further (r ) Strip / web / ring, preferably with a vertical arrangement, is connected to the base / are.
- it is a U-shape. More preferred is an E-type.
- Further preferred is a partially closed shell design. Even more preferred are half shells with an enclosing, with respect to the base vertical boundary within which at least one / a bar / web / ring is arranged.
- the emerging at the radiating surface electromagnetic energy field describes, for example, a rectangular to oval exit surface in a U- or E-design and a round exit surface in a round shell core.
- the outer vertical boundary of the base can have any geometry, which is for example round or square. It is preferred that on the basis of 2 or more strips / webs / rings, which are arranged in the same manner as described above, are present.
- coil core shells with a closed, ie not interrupted by a recess base and a closed shell edge or in which the base, partially open and / or the shell edge is partially open, in which a bundling of electromagnetic energy, which is located through a within the coil core RF coil is generated, and preferably> 75%, more preferably> 80%, more preferably> 85%, more preferably> 90%, more preferably> 95% and even more preferably> 98% of the generated electromagnetic energy field from the radiating surface enters a near and / or far field.
- Preferred is a method in which an electromagnetic energy field is focused and emitted into a near / far field and is adsorbed by an EM energy absorber in the bundled form in the near / far field and converted into a thermal energy.
- Preferred is a process embodiment in which the EM energy absorber is in a liquid medium.
- a device is preferred in which an electromagnetic energy field is focused and emitted into the near / far field and is adsorbed by an EM energy absorber in the bundled form in the near / far field of the EM energy generator and converted into thermal energy.
- the EM energy generator consists of only one coil. This can have only one turn in the simplest case.
- the EM energy delivery region is located predominantly in the region of the coil, so that in this case a container or a part of a container in which the energy absorption element is located is enclosed by the coil.
- an energy generator is used which consists of a core and an RF coil as described above.
- the RF coil continues over the energy delivery surface of the core or becomes another RF coil arranged above the energy delivery surface of the core. In this case, it is advantageous if the container or part of the container in which the energy receiving element is located, the energy delivery range is approximated and is simultaneously enclosed by the RF coil.
- an EM energy generator unit also referred to below as the EM energy delivery unit, which in the simplest case is composed of an EM energy transmitter, an HF alternating voltage generator and a voltage transmitter, together with the electrical connection.
- the EM energy generator unit includes a high frequency (RF) AC generator of the prior art.
- the AC frequency should be adjustable between 10 kHz and 5 MHz.
- alternating frequency ranges are between 10 and 1,000 kHz, more preferably between 50 and 750 kHz, and most preferably between 80 and 450 kHz.
- the EM energy generator unit also includes a voltage generator / power supply for providing the electrical voltage of the HF alternator.
- the power supply and the HF alternator are electrically connected to each other, there are also connections to a module for measurement and control technology, about which the setting parameters, such as voltage and maximum possible current flow (A) / power consumption (W) can be set.
- the power consumption can be between 1 W and 10 kW, preferably between 10 W and 4000 W, more preferably between 20 W and 1000 W and more preferably between 30 W and 500 W.
- the voltage and current to be applied depend on the strength of the electromagnetic field to be induced and are to be determined for the individual application and specification of the EM energy generator.
- the energy generator unit contains a device for receiving and transforming radio signals, referred to hereinafter as RF radio receivers, which are preferably located in the radio frequency range (RF).
- the RF radio receiver unit may be composed of an RF radio antenna and an associated RF radio receiver of the prior art.
- the terms RF radio receiver and RF radio receiver unit are also used synonymously herein.
- the object of this radio receiver unit is to convert the temperature readings sent via the radio transmitter of the EM energy pickup element, but also other measured values, into a digital or analog signal and to use it for a measuring and control technique that takes place in the module for measurement and control technology close.
- the signal output is connected to the measuring and control module described below.
- an EM energy delivery unit which includes a device for receiving RF radio signals for transmitting the measured with the EM Energyaufdorfelement temperatures and / or other measured values.
- the EM energy generator unit comprises a measurement and control technology.
- this has the task to control the amount of energy that is emitted from the RF voltage generator to the RF AC generator and / or from this to the EM energy generator.
- this can be used to ensure and monitor an adjustment of the temperature to be achieved with the EM energy absorber in the liquid or solid to be heated. This object is achieved by using a module for measurement and control technology from the prior art.
- the module for measurement and control technology is preferably connected electrically between the RF voltage generator and the HF AC generator.
- the measurement and adjustment parameters are transmitted via an electrical connection to a display unit, in the form of a digital or analog signal.
- display units are known in the art and z. B. in the form of an LED display available.
- the display unit may be mounted on the outside of the energy transmitter unit or in the course of the power supply or to an external operating voltage generator.
- the temperature to be reached or kept constant or the temperature range can be adjusted by the module for measuring and control technology and the temperature setting can be made by this automated.
- modules are known in the art.
- the visual display unit is provided with a digital or manual control. The task of this control is to be able to make setpoint settings of different parameters.
- the control is electrically connected to the module for measurement and control technology. Examples of such controls are known to those skilled in the art. Which parameters can be set depends on which components were included in the EM energy receiving element as well as in the EM energy delivery unit.
- the temperature of the liquid / solid in which the EM energy absorption element is located and / or at least the temperature of the EM energy absorption element and / or at least the rotational frequency of the energy absorber. It is particularly advantageous if additional parameters for a processor-controlled regulation of the energy output of the energy generator can be set. Thus, it may be advantageous to limit the temperature which is to be present in the interior or on an outer surface of the EM energy absorbing element or to limit it to minimum and maximum values and / or to set a defined temperature. It is also advantageous to determine the increase in the temperature of the liquid / article to be heated with the EM energy sensor, as well as the temperature to be reached or maintained.
- a control of the rotational speed of the EM energy absorption element is particularly advantageous.
- conditions or time and function sequence protocols dependent on the setting parameters can be predetermined and controlled by an integrative control technique.
- the control parameters are the duration of the energy output, protocols for the temperature profile, minimum and maximum temperature values.
- Preference is given to an EM energy delivery unit with a measurement and control technology that adjusts the EM energy release in a feedback-controlled manner.
- the control unit consisting of the measuring and control module and the control element and the display unit, then regulates the power supply for the EM energy generator in dependence of predetermined or adjustable temperature ranges.
- the EM energy output of the EM energy generator can be regulated so that preset temperature values that are to be present at the EM energy receiver and / or the heat transfer body and / or the surrounding liquid can be set (desired temperature).
- an EM energy delivery unit which has a measurement and control technology for the automated adjustment of the EM energy release and for adjusting the temperature of the liquid to be heated / heated and / or a solid.
- the EM energy delivery unit includes a magnetic rotation device for generating a movable magnetic field.
- the object of the movable magnetic field is to magnetically bond magnetic or magnetizable regions of the EM energy-receiving element and the EM energy receiving element, for. B. in the form of a rotation to move.
- this is accomplished by a mechanical magnetic rotation device in which one or more magnets or magnetizable regions are mechanically circularly moved.
- permanent magnets or induction magnets can be used.
- the poles should be located just under the bearing surface for the receptacle housing the energy absorbing element.
- the magnets or magnetizable regions are placed to be used for the movement of the EM energy absorption element around the EM energy generator. If a permanent magnet is used, it can be used in a C-shape with the center of the axis of rotation at the geometric center of the EM energy delivery area and the pole ends directed against the bearing surface of that area.
- the EM energy delivery range herein is meant the range that is above the range of the EM energy donor that is effectively usable for electro-magnetic energy delivery.
- the pole ends frame the EM energy generator and the center piece, which may also consist of a non-magnet, is located below the energy generator.
- the magnetic device which is rotatably mounted on a bearing at the center of the axle, is then rotated by means of an electrical drive unit using techniques known from the prior art.
- the electric drive is connected via a cable system with the control unit and a DC generator. This is where the power supply and the controller take place.
- the magnetic rotation of the energy absorbing element is effected by an electromagnetic rotating device in which a movable electromagnetic field is produced by electromagnets.
- an electromagnetic rotating device in which a movable electromagnetic field is produced by electromagnets.
- electromagnets Such can be achieved by a geometric arrangement of electromagnets, which are driven in alternating sequence.
- Such devices are known in the art and preferably have at least 3, more preferably at least 4, and more preferably at least 5 magnetic coils whose pole pieces have a concentric arrangement around the EM energy generator.
- the solenoids are equipped with a control unit located inside or outside the EM Energy delivery unit can be located, connected by a cable plant. On the one hand, this control unit supplies direct current for the magnet coils and, on the other hand, ensures a consecutive actuation of the magnet coils.
- the pole shoes are preferably aligned towards the EM energy delivery region of the energy delivery unit. It is preferred that the pole pieces be placed outside the EM energy delivery area, around the EM energy generator, under the support surface for a container.
- passage openings for receiving previously-mentioned pole shoes, which are placed therein and terminate with the surface of the EM energy generator are located in the EM energy transmitter. These passage openings are arranged so that hereby a rotating magnetic field is made possible.
- the rotational frequency of the energy absorber / energy absorption element can be adjusted with the control unit.
- An adjustment preferably takes place via a digital display and preferably with the same display with which the temperature is also controlled and monitored.
- Setting parameters here are, for example, the revolution frequency, protocols for revolution frequency patterns, including the minimum and maximum frequencies or the duration of the operation.
- a movable magnetic field generated by an EM energy generator unit for rotation of one or more EM Energyberger choirelement (s).
- a direct-current power source is used to supply energy to the electromagnetic energy generator unit. It may be z. B. to a power source in a motor vehicle or an electronic device such. A computer. Suitable electrical connections are known to the person skilled in the art.
- the power supply terminal of the energy generator is designed in the form of a standardized plug-in contact, so that either a power supply terminal that connects to a DC voltage source, as well as a power supply terminal that allows connection to an AC power source can be made.
- a DC voltage known from the prior art direct current generator which may be located directly on the connector or in the course of the conductor cable.
- the housing of the energy transmitter unit consists of a plastic which is known from the prior art. Examples of these are acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Housing can be produced by known casting and molding techniques.
- ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- the outer casing shape is cylindrical.
- the diameter is preferably 0.2 mm, more preferably 1.0 mm and more preferably 1.5 mm smaller than the diameter of a cup or Be Zelleraufillons, which is in a motor vehicle of any make and any car brand or of a truck.
- the energy transmitter unit can be placed in beverage holder depressions so that it can not slip.
- Containers for holding liquids such as paper cups for hot drinks, often have, for Purpose of spacing the vessel bottom to rest a circumferential edge extraction in the extension of its outer shell, hereinafter referred to as Bodenabstandshalter.
- the housing of the EM energy generator unit is shaped such that it protrudes wholly or partly into the depression formed by such a bottom spacer so that there is direct contact between the upper boundary of the housing of the EM energy delivery unit and the container bottom , This reduces a loss of inductive energy.
- the stability of the erected container is increased.
- an EM energy delivery unit having an outer shape that allows for direct contact therebetween and a vessel bottom on which the EM energy acceptor element is located.
- EM energy delivery units which have a topside shape that corresponds to an inverse mold imprint of disposable cups and containers.
- the EM energy delivery unit may have any shape and dimension determined by the location of use and the energy delivery capacity.
- a flat shape configured in a round or square geometry is preferred. Rectangular geometries are advantageous in particular when a plurality of EM energy delivery units are integrated in a common housing in order to simultaneously and / or independently heat and, if necessary, move EM energy absorption elements.
- the contact surface to be heated container to choose as big as the container itself is.
- the construction height of the EM energy delivery unit is to be limited to the requirements, preferably to a height of ⁇ 10 cm, more preferably ⁇ 8 cm and more preferably ⁇ 3 cm. This can be achieved by arranging several EM energy donors or EM energy donor systems next to each other. In these cases, one or more EM energy absorption element (s) can be inserted into the container to be heated.
- the bearing surface of the EM energy dispensing unit is large enough to accommodate one or more commercial cooking pots.
- the housing should ensure sufficient stability, eg. B. by the use of a metallic floor and border area and the use of a ceramic plate for the container installation.
- This device is particularly suitable for containers made of cellulose, plastic, ceramic or glass.
- the use of the induction current heating unit for heating and / or tempering hot beverages and ready meals is preferred.
- the EM energy absorber element according to the invention preferably consists of at least 2 of the following components which are to be arranged in a preferred arrangement:
- one or more of the components can also be contained / arranged several times. More preferred are EM energy acceptor elements containing at least 3 of the aforementioned components, more preferred are EM energy acceptor elements that are at least 4 of the aforementioned components, and most preferred are EM energy acceptor elements that contain all of the aforementioned components.
- the EM energy absorber refers to an area / section in which adsorption of electromagnetic energy, an applied electromagnetic energy field, occurs and this is converted into thermal energy.
- the applied electromagnetic energy field herein is the energy field provided by one of the EM delivery units of the present invention. Since electromagnetic energy fields that have arisen due to a different excitation, physically different, which is suitable for adsorption of an applied electromagnetic field and its conversion into a thermal energy material that allows an optimum of adsorption and conversion to determine under the given process conditions.
- the pure substances and combinations which are suitable in principle include silver, copper, gold, iron, magnetized iron, aluminum, brass, chromium, stainless steel, lead, tungsten, tin, zinc, nickel, gadolinium, indium, cobalt, chromium, vanadium, molybdenum or other elements or compounds without being limited thereto. Furthermore, admixtures can be contained which do not adsorb electromagnetic energy.
- the aforementioned compounds can be used in various aggregate forms. These can be present in the form of very small particles, granules in free or complexed form, but also be joined together by sintering, pressing or fusion methods to form compact structures.
- magnetic-wave adsorbing particles they can be introduced into any matrix.
- Such a z. B. be liquid, such as an oil, or in particulate form. More preferred is a complexation that makes intimate contact with the non-magnetic wave adsorbing compounds to ensure good heat transfer. This can be z. B. by introducing the magnetic wave adsorbing compounds in a solution with organic monomers and subsequent initialization of a polymerization reaction.
- an EM energy absorber according to the invention can be used for a highly advantageous embodiment of the method.
- the preferred near / far field is in a liquid medium.
- the preferred transfer surface ⁇ 5cm 2, more preferably ⁇ 3cm 3, more preferably ⁇ 1cm. 2 It has been found that the arrangement and use of an inventive EM energy absorber consisting of one or more films or thin disks is outstandingly suitable for the adsorption of the bundled electromagnetic energy field.
- the adsorption materials which are preferred for the method embodiment have an outstanding thermal conductivity in one of the configurations or arrangement forms according to the invention.
- films of natural graphite by far the highest lateral thermal conductivity which is preferably> 100 W / (mK), more preferably 150 W / (mK), more preferably> 200 W / (mK).
- the lateral heat conductivity of a tinplate is considerably lower.
- the films / sheets according to the invention, which are used for adsorption and conversion of an electromagnetic energy field are arranged in such a way that optimum adsorption of the electromagnetic energy field as well as conversion into thermal energy and optimal lateral heat conduction takes place.
- an aluminum foil or a tinplate is preferably combined with a graphite foil or graphite plate.
- the thermal conductivity capacity achievable with graphite foils or graphite plates is excellent for rapidly conducting and releasing the thermal energy generated at / with the EM energy absorber to all areas of a heat transfer body that are at a significant spatial distance to the EM energy absorber or to the location of the adsorption of the electromagnetic energy and conversion into thermal energy can be located.
- the spatial distance referred to herein is preferably> 1 cm, more preferably> 3 cm, more preferably> 5 cm, even more preferably> 10 cm and even more preferably> 15 cm.
- thermocamera In further investigations it could be documented by means of a thermocamera that nonetheless an adsorption of the electromagnetic energy takes place only on a small area, a surface heating of EM energy absorbers consisting in particular of foils (aluminum, tinplate or graphite) takes place. Such films allowed for rapid lateral heat transfer and were heated in a liquid medium as a whole workpiece, although the energy transfer was limited to a range that made up about 30% of the total area of the films.
- the EM energy absorber is produced from one or more films / disks of one or more adsorption materials which allow adsorption of electromagnetic energy.
- EM energy receivers consist of one or more films / disks of one or more adsorption materials which enable adsorption of electromagnetic energy.
- the preferred adsorbent materials include aluminum, tinplate, and graphite, which are in the form of a film or disk.
- the graphite sheets may be high density or lightweight natural graphite or synthetic film and composite materials.
- the preferred graphite content is> 50% by weight, more preferably> 60% by weight, more preferably> 70% by weight, more preferably> 80% by weight, more preferably> 90% by weight and even more preferably> 95% by weight.
- Aluminum foils / slices may be rolled or cast aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- the preferred aluminum content is> 50% by weight, more preferably> 60% by weight, more preferably> 70% by weight, more preferably> 80% by weight, more preferably> 90% by weight and even more preferably> 95% by weight.
- the preferred tinplates which are herein subsumed under the term "slices", have low ferromagnetism and are in the form of an alloy in which the alloy preferably consists of tin, chromium or chromium oxide or zinc at a variable ratio is an alloy with a layer thickness of> ⁇ , more preferably of> 3 ⁇ and more preferably of> 5 ⁇ .
- the preferred films herein have a thickness and a composite structure that allows for easy and kinkless formability of such films.
- the preferred material thicknesses are in a range between 20 ⁇ and 2.5 mm, more preferably between 50 ⁇ and 1mm, more preferably between ⁇ and 500 ⁇ .
- the preferred and preferred discs herein are rigid unlike the slides herein. Nonetheless, the discs can be easily bent without kinking using prior art methods, so that different geometries can be produced.
- the preferred material thicknesses are in a range between 250 ⁇ and 4 mm, more preferably between 500 ⁇ and 3mm, more preferably between 800 ⁇ and 1.5mm.
- the number of foils / disks of which an EM energy absorber is composed or can be combined is freely selectable and depends on the conditions of use.
- an EM energy delivery unit and an EM energy absorption element can be designed so that the EM energy absorption, which takes place for heat generation, takes place only at one or more points of the energy absorption level and other functional elements / functional units are present in the area of this level / area.
- the surface referred to herein as an EM energy receiving surface is the surface of the EM energy receiving element facing the EM discharge surface of the EM delivery device in the process implementation.
- the proportion of the surface of the EM energy absorber > 20%, more preferably> 40%, more preferably> 60%, further preferably> 80% of the total area of the EM energy absorption surface of an EM energy absorption element.
- This embodiment is particularly advantageous when the EM energy absorbing element is to be heated quickly and to a high temperature (eg> 60 ° C).
- a high temperature eg> 60 ° C
- no area proportion of the EM energy absorber is selected, which is advantageous, for example, when the EM energy delivery unit only has a correspondingly small area in which a delivery of electromagnetic energy takes place.
- the area fraction of the EM energy absorber is ⁇ 50%, more preferably ⁇ 40%, more preferably ⁇ 30%, more preferably ⁇ 20% and even more preferably ⁇ 10% as the total area of the EM energy absorption surface of an EM - Energy absorption element.
- uniform heating of even a large-volume energy absorber or portions thereof, which are located in the far field of the electromagnetic energy field of the EM energy generator, achieved by in areas of the EM energy absorber located in the electromagnetic near field of EM - are energy generator, the magnetic wave adsorbing compounds consist of complexes of magnetizable compounds that have lower electromagnetic ad- pass properties, as the compounds that are located in the electromagnetic far field.
- Such elements and compounds are known in the art. Examples of these are zinc, nickel, cobalt or gadolinium. Examples of compounds that limit the power loss and thus the heating temperature, z. B. in ferrites lead, for example, Zn x Fe 3 . x 0 4, Nii_ x Zn x Fe 2 0 4 or Coi. x Zn x Fe 2 0 4 .
- the spatial arrangement / orientation which allows such uniform heating, is complied with. If the EM Energyetz termeelement is placed manually, it may be sufficient to identify the side of the EM energy absorption plane / surface or a portion of this. If self-alignment is desired after incorporation of the EM energy absorbing element into a liquid, the self-alignment of the energy absorbing unit can be effected by having regions of different mass weights and / or different densities in one type of energy absorber, resulting in a descent of the EM Energyauf fielements in a liquid, it comes to a sel nst alignment, which causes this preferably comes up with the side of the EM energy absorption level on a support.
- z As a compression of the magnetic wave adsorbing compounds used or a surcharge of Low mass compounds (eg, polymer compounds or air) are made. Different geometries of the EM energy absorption unit can accelerate the self-alignment (eg hemispherical shape in conjunction with a flat bottom).
- Low mass compounds eg, polymer compounds or air
- EM energy receivers or EM energy absorber elements made of different magnetic wave adsorbing compounds and / or compositions or containing gates with different magnetic wave adsorbing compounds.
- EM energy receivers or EM energy absorber elements made of different magnetic wave adsorbing compounds and / or compositions or containing portions with different magnetic wave adsorbing compounds resulting in uniform adsorption of the electro-magnetic energy of an EM energy absorber , which are located in the near and / or far field of an electromagnetic energy field leads.
- the EM energy absorber is connected to components which allow a rapid dissipation of heat.
- These, hereinafter called heat transfer body may also consist of magnetic-wave adsorbing compounds or non-magnetizable substances.
- these heat transfer bodies are connected in a heat-conducting manner to the EM energy absorber at at least one point.
- Suitable materials are known in the art and include elements as well as compounds which have a thermal conductivity preferably of 50 W (nr K), more preferably of 100 (nr K), and more preferably of 150 W (nr K).
- the design of the largest possible surface of the heat transfer body is advantageous in order to increase the amount of heat released, but also the heat transfer surface of the energy absorbing element.
- the amount of heat released per unit time can be increased by preferably 100%, more preferably by 300% and more preferably by 600% in relation to a heat release which can be ensured solely by the EM energy absorber.
- an EM energy absorber element in which an EM energy absorber is connected in a heat-conducting manner to a heat transfer body and the resulting heat is conducted away or passed on through the heat transfer body.
- a mass of the EM energy absorbing element is between 1g and 1,500g, more preferably between 10g and 300g, and more preferably between 20g and 150g.
- the heat transfer body can in principle have any external shape. But are preferred forms or geometries with which the largest possible outer surface is achieved. Preferred dimensions of the heat transfer body of 1 x 1 x 0.5 cm to 50 x 50 x 50 cm.
- the shape and dimensions of the EM energy absorbing element should be adapted to the particular application. Preferred are conical or disc shapes. For other applications, bar shapes may be more suitable, especially if additional mixing of the liquids is desired. However, star or lattice forms are also preferred.
- Another preferred embodiment of the energy absorber is the production of aggregates, for example in the form of interconnected lamellae, which can then be manufactured in a 3-dimensional arrangement, for example as a cubic or other geometric shape.
- the fins may themselves be suitable for inductive energy absorption or consist of a good heat-conducting material to increase the energy delivery surface.
- the EM energy absorbing surface should be adapted to the respective application and EM energy delivery device. Preferably used are top / contact surfaces between 1cm 2 and 1.000cm 2, more preferably between 5 cm 2 and 500 cm 2 and more preferably between 15cm and 300cm 2. 2 Smaller and larger areas are also applicable in special cases.
- the heat transfer body contains tubes or other cavities communicating with each other on at least two sides.
- gap formation / gap formation occurs between an EM energy absorber and a workpiece, such as a workpiece.
- a heat transfer body which is preferably filled with a heat transfer material, so that a gap / gap space between an EM energy absorber and a workpiece / heat transfer body is made, preferably> ⁇ , more preferably> 150 ⁇ , more preferably> 200 ⁇ , more preferably> 250 ⁇ , more preferably> 300 ⁇ and even more preferably> 400 ⁇ amounts, It has been shown that such a sufficient space to allow an unrestricted absorption of the electromagnetic energy and its conversion into thermal energy through said film / disc.
- thermal conductivity materials which produce a preferably full-surface heat-conductive composite between an inventive EM energy absorber and a heat transfer body and thereby a gap between the two bonding surfaces of preferably> ⁇ , more preferably> 150 ⁇ , more preferably> 200 ⁇ , more preferably> 250 ⁇ , on preferably> 300 ⁇ and even more preferably> 400 ⁇ cause and do not require adsorption of electromagnetic energy of an applied electromagnetic energy field.
- an arrangement of the EM energy absorber and a heat transfer body in the form of a composite by a gap space between them produced and with a material that is suitable for heat conduction, but no adsorption of an adjacent EM energy field conditionally, preferably over the entire surface is filled thermally conductive.
- Preferred is a device in which there is a gap between the EM energy absorber and a heat-emitting body of the EM Energyaufêtelements in which there is a heat-conducting material with / through which no adsorption of the applied electromagnetic energy field.
- the term "sufficiently rapid heat conduction" means, in particular, that when the EM energy absorbing member is used in a liquid medium, there is no difference in the surface temperature between the EM energy absorber and the heat transfer body of> 30 ° C, more preferably> 20 ° C and more preferably> 10 ° C comes.
- heat conduction materials of the prior art are materials which preferably permanently produce a planar connection between the surface of the EM energy absorber facing the heat-emitting body and a surface of the heat-emitting body and in this case have a low heat transfer coefficient of preferably> 50 W / (m 2 -K), more preferably of > 80 W / (m 2 -K), more preferably> 150 W / (m 2 -K) and more preferably> 250 W / (m 2 -K).
- the region of the electromagnetic energy absorption plane of the EM energy absorber can be formed in a very advantageous manner into various geometries without restricting the electromagnetic transmission power.
- an aluminum foil can be combined in a meandering manner and arranged in the region of the EM receiving plane so that one of the two sides, where the envelope of the meandering shape is present, is in this area, while the opposite side is located in clear spatial distance. It turned out that individual webs, the same or another adsorption material, which are directly connected to a film or disc of the adsorbent, not or only to a small extent hinder the adsorption of an electromagnetic energy field. Thus, further advantageous geometries of an EM energy absorber can be configured.
- a high transmission power of electromagnetic energy and its conversion into a thermal energy could be documented for a design of the films or disks as a pipe, with a square to round cross-sectional geometry. It has also been found that pressed or sintered graphite also makes possible, as a workpiece up to a layer thickness of 10 mm, an advantageous adsorption of electromagnetic energy. An energy-efficient transmission performance was especially for non-planar geometries of a graphite material such. B. a massive rod with a diameter of ⁇ 15mm, documented. In such an arrangement, or space expansion can be made of a material / workpiece seamlessly in one embodiment, the EM-Energieauf commentary and the heat transfer body. Preference is given to an EM energy absorption element, in which the EM energy absorber and the heat transfer body consist without transition of an adsorption material.
- the EM energy absorber consists of an electrically leifinden and / or magnetic wave adsorbing compounds.
- the energy absorbers are manufactured in such a way that they have a different composition and / or arrangement of the magnetic-wave-adsorbing compounds and / or the Curie point in different sections.
- an EM energy sensor element converts an applied electromagnetic energy field into an electrical current.
- an RF induction current generator is provided for this purpose which is located in the energy receiving element. The electric current that is provided by the RF induction current generator is preferably generated inductively by an externally applied electromagnetic energy field.
- Devices for an inductive power supply are known from the prior art, preferably coils are used for this, as they are also described herein.
- an RF induction current generator is preferably provided, consisting of a ferromagnetic core and a wound thereon consists of electrical conductor.
- the HF induction current generator or the core and the coil are / is supported in such a way that they can be freely rotated in the three spatial dimensions with respect to the EM energy absorption element.
- the storage takes place so that a self-alignment of the ferromagnetic core of the HF induction current generator can take place, which results in that the longitudinal axis of the core is aligned perpendicular to the gravity field.
- This allows for an uninterruptible power supply when placing the EM Energyaufêtelements above an EM energy dissipation unit, of which an electromagnetic energy field for generating an induction current is provided in the RF induction current generator.
- an or is located in or on the EM energy absorber unit a plurality of coils for generating an electromagnetic energy field used to generate an induction current in the RF induction current generator.
- the current available from adsorbed electromagnetic energy in the EM energy absorbing element is utilized to provide further highly advantageous functionalities.
- Such functional elements comprise, in particular, EM energy absorption units, which consist in particular of a coil and are suitable for adsorption and / or the emission of electromagnetic energy. Further preferred are functional elements which are electromagnetizable, e.g. a coil with a ferromagnetic core and / or a permanent magnet. Further preferred functional elements are, for example, sensors that can detect / quantify, for example, a temperature, a movement or a pressure.
- the system components are identified by a controller. It can u. a. it is determined which EM energy absorption element of the EM energy delivery surface rests, in which distance and / or which spatial position it is located to the EM energy delivery surface. This is particularly advantageous when the surface (s) of the EM energy generator and / or the EM energy absorber only a (small) proportion of the total energy delivery surface and / or the surface of the EM Energyberger choirelements at which the energy absorption takes place ( s). This can u. a. be ensured that an electromagnetic energy output, which is provided for heat generation in the EM energy absorption element, only takes place when a suitable for the EM energy delivery unit, possibly approved, EM energy absorption element has been detected.
- the transferable information about the spatial position and the model of the energy absorption element used can also be used for a selection of the system presets, eg. B. the initial maximum power of the RF voltage generator, are used.
- the one or more functional units are shielded from the electromagnetic energy field used to generate heat or a malfunction is prevented by providing spatial decoupling from the EM energy absorber and / or the heat transfer body.
- a radio frequency range eg, 12.5 MHz
- the functional unit of the EM energy absorption element was placed over this area, provided that the EM energy absorber in this area a recess and the RF transmitter contained therein had no contact with the EM energy absorber.
- Preferred is a method in which interference-free RF signal transmission occurs between an RF signal transmission unit of an EM energy generator unit and an EM energy receiving element located in a liquid medium, and simultaneously with and immediately adjacent to / adjacent to the electromagnetic radiation field the RF signal transmission takes place, an electromagnetic energy field, which is suitable for heat generation and / or power generation is applied.
- a device is preferred in which the temperature of a surface of the electromagnetic energy receiving element and / or of the surrounding medium is determined by at least one functional unit of the electromagnetic energy receiving element and is transmitted without interference and continuously by means of a radio signal from the electromagnetic energy receiving element to a radio signal receiver of the electromagnetic energy generator unit and herewith a control the electromagnetic energy transfer performance of the electromagnetic energy generator unit is made.
- there is a spatial delimitation of the EM energy absorber and / or the heat transfer body by the functional element is partially or completely surrounded by a ferritic material and is connected thereto with the EM energy generator unit without a further contact point.
- the EM energy absorption element contains a functional unit, by means of which an inductive generation of an electrical current takes place.
- Power generation may be accomplished by adsorbing the electromagnetic energy that is concurrent with generating the thermal energy delivered by an EM energy delivery unit.
- the power generation can be carried out with the method as described herein.
- the transmitter / receivers for a signal transmission are located spatially away from one or more coil (s), which provides the current for the functional elements of an electromagnetic energy field (s). In this case, the transmitter (s) may be located anywhere in the energy delivery element.
- an inventive provision of the inventive integrative function / function control is to be ensured.
- the method implementation is preferably carried out by, takes place by a transfer of parameters / data between the EM energy generator unit and the EM Energyaufrichelement, a control of system parameters, such as the maximum power output of the RF voltage generator or the power output of the electromagnetic Energy, according to the setting specifications that can be made to the control module of the EM energy generator unit, such as the temperature of the liquid to be reached or the maximum surface temperature of the EM energy absorbing element.
- the range of electromagnetic wave radiation in an aqueous medium can be extended by increasing the electromagnetic field strength. Since the use of radio frequency electromagnetic transmitters is strictly regulated globally, and only certain frequency ranges may be used for designated applications, as well as for the various uses / applications of Radio Frequency Magnetic (RF), maximum allowable ranges / levels in the atmosphere, ie the air emitted, must not be exceeded, the increase of an electromagnetic field strength is limited for this application. It has been found that an RF transmitter, positioned in an aqueous medium and connected to an internal or external electrical voltage source, can achieve electromagnetic field strengths that interfere with RF magnetic waves in an RF external to the aqueous medium - Enable receiver antenna.
- RF Radio Frequency Magnetic
- the required field strength and thus required voltage conditioning on the transmitter antenna varies depending on the position of the transmitter in the aqueous medium and the orientation of the transmitting and receiving antenna to each other. Therefore, it is desirable to provide, firstly, an RF transmitter in an aqueous medium that achieves a high field strength of RF magnetic waves that can be received outside of an aqueous medium from which they are sent, without the allowable maximums for to exceed the emission of RF magnetic waves and, secondly, to provide an RF receiver antenna outside the aqueous medium which will transmit the RF transmit signal at a random position of the RF transmitter in the aqueous medium to the RF receiver and without interference with a RF transmitter electromagnetic energy field applied to heat an EM energy receiving element at which the RF transmitter is located.
- Preferred is a device for the controlled and contactless and direct heating and / or temperature control of liquids and / or solids, which is characterized by, a) an electromagnetic energy generator unit comprising at least one high-frequency voltage generator, at least one high-frequency alternator, at least one electromagnetic energy output comprising at least one coil of an electrical conductor and at least one ferrite, and at least one functional unit comprising at least one electromagnetic receiver, at least one control and / or control unit and / or at least one manget or electromagnet-based drive device,
- the at least one ferrite consists of at least one base and at least one projection and wherein the at least one electrical conductor surrounds at least a portion of the base and / or the at least one projection at least once, with formation of a coil surrounds and wherein the electrical conductor in at least one Resonant circuit is coupled with a resonant circuit frequency between 10 Hz and 1 MHz of at least one high-frequency AC generator, generating an electromagnetic energy field in the coil, which is bundled by the at least one ferrite and the electromagnetic energy field is emitted in a power delivery area, which is opposite to the Base, and in the case of the presence of more than one projection, located opposite the base and in an area between the projections;
- an electromagnetic Energyaufdorfelement comprising at least one electromagnetic Energyaufwhiusing and at least one heat transfer body and at least one functional unit comprising at least one temperature measuring device, a high-frequency transmitter, a high-frequency induction coil, a magnet, a magnetizable material and / or a magnetizable coil and / or a sensor for determining physical conditions, in particular temperature, pressure, speed,
- the electromagnetic Energyaufdorfelement is located in the electromagnetic near and / or far field of the electromagnetic Energyabgebers the electromagnetic energy generator unit and the planes of the electromagnetic energy delivery area and the electromagnetic Energyaufniess are aligned surface parallel.
- the RF signal strength which is preferably determined / determined by an RF receiver or if there is an electronic control of an RF receiver unit, is forwarded to a controller and the intensity (field strength ) of the electromagnetic energy field emitted by the energy delivery unit to generate an electric current in the EM energy receiving element.
- the intensity (field strength ) of the electromagnetic energy field emitted by the energy delivery unit is forwarded to a controller and the intensity (field strength ) of the electromagnetic energy field emitted by the energy delivery unit to generate an electric current in the EM energy receiving element.
- a method may be provided whereby the operation of an RF transmitter located in a liquid medium may be performed with sufficient RF signal field strength without the need for power storage or wired connection. In an extremely advantageous manner, this can be used to control the heating and / or temperature control of liquids or fusible solids.
- Preferred is a method of controlling the maximum power consumption of the high frequency AC generator of the EM energy generator unit, wherein the pulse or electrical voltage obtainable by the RF receiver is the actual value of a signal level or signal strength of the radio signal the radio transmission unit of the EM energy absorption unit, which is determined outside of the liquid medium or the solid by the radio receiver unit, and the control by means of an adjustment for the setpoint range of the signal level and / or the signal strength of the radio signal, outside the liquid medium or outside of the solid is measured by the control unit is made.
- Preference is given to a method in which the transmission of the measured data by means of electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency range and in which the signal strength electromagnetic radiation or a signal level of the electromagnetic radiation of the radio transmitter, which is emitted from the liquid or liquefiable solid, held in a predetermined range of signal intensity is set by adjusting the signal strength measured by the radio receiver and / or the signal level measured by the radio receiver by controlling the amount of energy generated and delivered by one or more energy sources.
- the same electromagnetic energy field may be used by the EM energy delivery unit for generating heat energy and electrical current in the EM energy acceptor element, as long as the EM energy absorber and the RF induction current generator are optimized for the applied electromagnetic energy field. This is particularly true when a sufficient voltage supply by the RF induction current generator at an electromagnetic energy field strength, which does not lead to generation of heat in the EM energy absorber, can still be guaranteed, so that a process control can still be done if no other thermal energy input should take place.
- At least 2 electromagnetic energy fields are provided by the EM energy delivery unit, with which, on the one hand, a generation of heat energy and, on the other hand, an electrical voltage in an EM energy absorption element are performed.
- these are electromagnetic energy fields that emerge from a different excitation frequency of a resonant circuit of an electrical voltage and thereby in one varying extent of adsorption materials of the EM energy absorber, as described herein and the electrical conductor of the RF induction current generator adsorbed or converted into heat or electric current.
- the provision of 2 or more electromagnetic energy fields by the same EM energy generator are provided by the EM energy delivery unit, with which, on the one hand, a generation of heat energy and, on the other hand, an electrical voltage in an EM energy absorption element are performed.
- these are electromagnetic energy fields that emerge from a different excitation frequency of a resonant circuit of an electrical voltage and thereby in one varying extent of adsorption materials of the EM energy absorber, as described herein and the electrical conductor of the
- this can be achieved, for example, by winding, in addition to the one electrical conductor, at least once around the strip (s) / land (s) / ing (e) of a ferritic material or at half - or full shells of a ferritic material, the electrical conductor parts of this shell wraps around at least once, another electrical conductor is arranged parallel to this or in another arrangement at least once around the bar (s) / bridge ( e) / ring (s) of a ferritic material is wound or in half or full shells of a ferritic material parts of this shell, from which troublen electrical conductor is wound at least once.
- the various electrical conductors are connected to different HF alternators.
- the installation of an RF alternating voltage to the 2 or more electrical conductors can be done at the same time, overlap or time offset / alternating.
- the identical electrical conductor is used for the generation of the two or more electromagnetic energy fields. This can preferably be done by connecting the electrical conductor in phases with the oscillating circuits of FIG. 2 or other HF alternators, so that in time sequence the 2 or more electromagnetic energy fields can be generated with the one electrical conductor.
- one or more electromagnetic energy fields are generated by one or more other EM energy generators.
- an identical arrangement of the elements / components or a different configuration can be selected. It has been shown that with an arrangement according to the invention of the components / elements, interference-free and uninterrupted RF signal-controlled operation of an induction current heating / tempering unit according to the invention can take place, in which an EM energy absorber element in a liquid medium, such as water or melted chocolate, in the near and far field of an EM energy provider is possible.
- Preferred is a method in which at least 2 different electromagnetic energy fields are provided at the same time and / or alternately.
- Preferred is a method in which at least two electromagnetic energy fields are provided by the EM energy delivery unit, which is obtained by an identical or different frequency of the electrical oscillation circuit, which flows through the one coil or the plurality of coils and in which the electromagnetic energy fields are superimposed and / or over spatially separated areas and the at least two electromagnetic energy fields in the EM energy absorption unit are converted into heat and electrical energy.
- a device is preferred in which the device provides the EM energy generator unit with at least two different EM energy fields at the same time and / or alternately.
- the RF induction current generator is located in another region of the EM energy receiving element, if outside the aqueous one Medium is an EM energy generator, which provides an electromagnetic energy field, by means of the RF induction current generator, an electric current can be generated.
- This RF induction current generator is one of the functional units described herein and is preferably in the region of the EM energy absorption level of the EM energy absorption element.
- a device is preferred in the device in which interference-free high-frequency signal transmission is effected between a high-frequency signal transmission unit of an EM energy absorption element which is located in a liquid medium and an EM energy generator unit, and at the same time and immediately adjacent to / adjacent to the EM Energy field, with which the high-frequency signal transmission takes place, an EM energy field, which is suitable for heat generation, is created.
- an electromagnetic energy field transmission was performed in which a copper wire coil with 25 planar windings as energy source and an aluminum cone with a diameter of 5cm and a height of 3cm as energy absorbers at a distance of 10mm parallel to the surface in a water-filled glass were arranged.
- an electromagnetic field energy delivery with a corresponding arrangement of an EM energy generator, which consisted of an EM energy generator, which was in the form of a ferrite E core with 4 turns of a thin copper wire, and the electrical conductor with was coupled to an RF voltage resonant circuits, and an EM-Energieauf philosophicals, consisting of an aluminum foil with a material thickness of 300 ⁇ , which was connected by means of a ceramic heat transfer foil with a thickness of 200 ⁇ , the entire surface with an identical aluminum cone was used.
- an electromagnetic energy transmission with a maximum output line of the RF voltage generator between 5 and 5,000 W was carried out.
- an inventive arrangement of the elements / components of an EM energy generator and an EM energy absorber is present and an electromagnetic energy transfer at a maximum possible output power of an RF voltage generator of preferably ⁇ 3,000W, more preferably ⁇ 2,500W, more preferably ⁇ 2,000W, more preferably ⁇ 1,500W, more preferably ⁇ 1,000W, further preferably 800W, more preferably ⁇ 600W, further preferably ⁇ 400W, more preferably ⁇ 200W and even more preferably ⁇ 100W.
- Preference is given to a method in which an energy-efficient transmission of electromagnetic energy takes place and in which the maximum possible energy transmission power does not exceed 3,000W.
- the frequency of the RF resonant circuit which enables optimum transmission and conversion of the electromagnetic energy into thermal energy for an inventive arrangement of the elements of the EM energy absorber unit can be examined very easily by a test method. It should first be determined in which power range per unit area between the EM energy generator and the EM energy absorption element, the energy transfer is to take place.
- the selection and configuration of einsetzbarer EM energy generator since, for example, in a too small cross-section of the electrical conductor of the RF coil, or the arrangement in a coil core, with a high amount of energy (eg> 3A / h), it to a Heating of the conductor and / or the coil core during power transmission occurs.
- the EM energy delivery unit which is preferably ⁇ 90 ° C, more preferably> 80 ° C, more preferably ⁇ 70 ° C, more preferably ⁇ 60 ° C and even more preferably 40 ° C is so that a forced ventilation / cooling is not required.
- the suitable film / disc for adsorption of the electromagnetic energy foils which preferably have a thickness between 100 to 2,000 ⁇ , more preferably between 200 and ⁇ . ⁇ and more preferably between 300 and 500 ⁇ have and preferably one of the materials comprising aluminum, tinplate or graphite, are used, individually or in any combination, for the investigation.
- these individually or in any combination of different material thicknesses and materials are superimposed gap space and over the entire surface of the EM energy generator of the EM energy delivery unit at a defined distance, preferably between 0.5mm and 10 cm, more preferably between 1mm and 8cm, more preferred between 1.5mm and 5cm and even more preferably between 2mm and 3cm, placed surface parallel.
- a defined distance preferably between 0.5mm and 10 cm, more preferably between 1mm and 8cm, more preferred between 1.5mm and 5cm and even more preferably between 2mm and 3cm, placed surface parallel.
- air or a Solid / liquid that is not suitable for receiving the applied electromagnetic energy such as glass or wood or water.
- the electrical voltage and the maximum power of the RF voltage transmitter then an investment of an electromagnetic energy field with an EM energy generator unit according to the invention for a period that allows detection of the surface temperature of the films.
- the speed of a temperature increase and the maximum temperature of the film / film structure investigated are determined. Further, the difference is calculated from the power consumption
- one or more EM energy generators in the region of the EM energy delivery field are preferably arranged parallel to the surface, in addition to the at least one EM energy generator according to the invention for transmitting electromagnetic energy.
- This EM energy generator can / have a design according to the invention or a design from the prior art. They can be operated with the same or another alternating frequency of an HF resonant circuit. Preferably, this provides electromagnetic energy that is converted into electrical energy in the energy receiving element.
- the electromagnetic energy field is also used to induce ferromagnetism.
- collimation of the electromagnetic energy with a minimum length of electrical conductor, can be achieved which enables point-like transmission of the energy field.
- This point energy field can be transferred to a very high degree of efficiency by the use of a film capable of adsorbing the electromagnetic energy and converted into thermal energy and transferred to a large delivery surface in a compound fabrication with a heat-conducting / dispensing body.
- This arrangement makes it possible in a particularly advantageous manner for the region of the EM energy absorption element, which preferably faces the EM energy generator unit, to be parallel to the surface, next to one or more sections for receiving electromagnetic energy in which a conversion into thermal energy takes place, may include one or more further portions having a different functionality.
- one or more regions are present in which an adsorption of electromagnetic energy takes place, which is converted into electrical energy.
- there is a region for adsorbing electromagnetic energy wherein the electromagnetic energy is converted into a magnetic energy field.
- the various regions that can be used for a different conversion of the adsorbed electromagnetic energy can be present in any number and arrangement next to each other.
- the electromagnetic energy field, which is adsorbed in the various areas and converted into another form of energy, from the same source of the electromagnetic energy field of the EM- Originate from the energy transmitter unit or the EM energy transmitter unit has two or more sections / areas in which electromagnetic energy is generated and directed to the EM energy receiving element / will be delivered.
- the two or more electromagnetic energy fields can be generated by the identical or different RF frequency ranges of the / RF oscillatory circuits (s) of the energy generator unit, which are delivered simultaneously or overlapping or at different time intervals.
- transmission of electromagnetic energy in the near and far field of an EM energy generator to an EM energy sensor located in a liquid medium can be carried out and converted into thermal energy, thereby achieving high energy efficiency in a low power range.
- an EM energy absorber which consists of one or more films and / or slices, preferably consisting of aluminum, tinplate or graphite, individually or in combination exist a composite, and in which there is a gap between the EM energy absorber and the heat transfer body and / or distance, which contains a suitable material for heat transfer, which performs no adsorption of the applied electromagnetic energy field.
- solids or solids are heated and / or tempered with the induction current heating unit.
- induction current heating unit Surprisingly, it has been shown that a uniform and precise heating of solids by the use of suitable EM energy absorption elements can be achieved. It has thus been possible to show that by controlling the temperature of foodstuffs by supporting and / or supporting a planar EM energy absorbing element, it is possible to avoid undesirable effects which occur in prior art heating processes and to ensure even and product-warming of solids or solids Solid bodies takes place.
- the fusible solids herein may be liquefied when heated to 100 ° C.
- a foodstuff to be heated is placed in layers between individual EM energy absorption elements or in an association of a plurality of consecutively arranged EM energy receivers of an EM energy absorption element.
- workpieces can also be processed and / or processed by the method.
- a workpiece is to be thermally treated to place it on, under or between one or more EM energy absorbing elements.
- a pressure is exerted which ensures a close contact between the / the EM energy absorption element (s).
- these methods can be particularly advantageous z.
- B. be used for a melting of a coating or for a thermal bonding of materials.
- Applicability is limited only if the workpiece itself has adsorption of the applied electro-magnetic energy field.
- EM energy absorption elements which have a flat shape.
- the surface may also have a grid shape or have differently configured interruptions.
- the EM energy absorption element has a plurality of temperature sensors distributed over the entire surface. As a result, local overheating can be avoided.
- heat transfer bodies are preferred which have a high thermal conductivity have, such as copper, silver or graphite.
- graphites with a high electrical conductivity are particularly preferred.
- the electronic components / functional units such as an RF induction coil, an RF induction current generator, an F-type radio transmitter and an RF antenna, may be located within or attached to a planar EM energy absorbing element.
- planar or otherwise shaped EM energy receiving elements have only one or more internal temperature probes but no external temperature sensor.
- EM energy absorption elements which are used for heating and / or temperature of solids which are liquefied when heated to 100 ° C or solids have a flat shape.
- the EM energy absorber is shaped or arranged so that the magnetic wave adsorbing compounds are predominantly in the near field of the energy generator by within the EM energy absorber or the EM Energyier termelements in the region of the bottom, or the Support surface, which is located above the EM energy delivery range of the EM energy generator, whereby the majority of the mass of the magnetic wave adsorbing compounds a distance to the support surface of the container preferably ⁇ 5 cm and more preferably ⁇ 2 cm, and most preferably of ⁇ 1cm.
- a predominant mass fraction of magnetic-wave-adsorbing compounds can also be located in the far field of the electromagnetic energy field of the energy generator, for. B.
- the majority of the magnetic wave adsorbing compounds in these applications is> 5 cm and more preferably> 8 cm above the energy delivery surface of the EM energy generator in a container.
- the surface of the EM Energyaufrichelements is coated with a different material.
- the coating material should be adapted to the respective application.
- a metallic surface alloy may be suitable, as this achieves a rapid release of heat energy.
- chromium, nickel, molybdenum, titanium, niobium, tungsten, vanadium, cobalt more preferred are alloys that exhibit greater inertness, such as.
- Tin-nickel, molybdenum-chromium Further preferred alloys of noble metals, such as silver, gold or platinum.
- ceramic coating paints, eg of polyacrylic as well as enamels.
- Particularly preferred are coatings that can be applied over the entire surface in very thin layers (one or a few atomic / molecular layers), for. By methods such as ALD or CVD. This can z. As silicon and carbon are applied particularly advantageous. Silicon in amorphous form is further preferred.
- the surfaces of the EM energy absorber and the heat transfer body may be coated in the same or different ways. Preference is given to heat transfer bodies or EM energy absorber elements which are surface-coated.
- reaction-promoting elements or compounds can also be applied to the surface of an EM energy-absorbing element or the surfaces consist of a reaction-promoting compound.
- This embodiment is particularly advantageous since many reactions which are caused by reaction-promoting compounds (such as catalysts or enzymes) have a temperature dependence and possibly a temperature optimum. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the effectiveness of such compounds is increased by an application according to the invention. Thus, it could be shown that in the presence of a comparable amount of a catalyst suspended in a reaction liquid or immobilized on the surface of a heat transfer body, reaction was faster and more effective when tempering the surface of an EM energy absorbing member Reaction promotion optimum temperature is set, in comparison to an indirect heating of the suspension, despite reaching the same final temperature of the reaction medium.
- the reaction promoting elements or compounds may be part of an inorganic or organic coating or matrix and / or be physically or chemically bonded to the surface.
- the reaction promoting compounds can be immobilized on the surfaces of the EM energy absorbing member by various known methods.
- the connection of one or more compounds to the surface of an EM energy absorber element can be chemical, physico-chemical or purely physical.
- the reaction-promoting compounds may be elements such as rhodium, platinum, silver, tungsten, iodine, bromine, iron, palladium or sasarium and / or compounds such as Hopcalite, V 2 0 5 , CuO / Cr 2 0 3 , ZnO / Cr 2 0 3 or CuO / ZnO, platinum / rhodium or a-iron / Al 2 0 3 , uam act.
- the reaction-promoting compounds may be inorganic, organic or a combination thereof. Combinations are z. Example, if on an inorganic base material such as silicon, zirconium, titanium or gold, organic compounds are chemically, physico-chemically or physically bound.
- zeolites or silica gels as inorganic base material.
- Organic compounds having catalytic or biological activity are known to those skilled in the art, as examples thereof called compounds derived from amino acids, Chinaalkaloiden, or tartaric acid, such as Taddole.
- the reaction-promoting compounds are enzymes or coenzymes. Therefore, applications for promoting the reaction of biological reactions or processes are particularly preferred, especially since a very accurate adjustment of the surface temperature can be made with an EM energy absorbing element.
- the reactive / reaction promoting compounds are adsorbed or adhered to the surface of an EM energy acceptor element and can be released from the surface during the reaction process. This is particularly advantageous when an entry of these compounds in a reaction mixture can be done better under heating.
- air and / or gases are also heated by an induction current heating unit. This is particularly advantageous if in the air / gas phase, a chemical reaction is to take place, which takes place by contact with a surface of a Indutechnischsstromerhitzungsaku, which was provided with a reaction promoting compound, upon heating of the Energyaufsmellings.
- Preferred are an EM energy generator unit and an EM energy absorber element for contactless induction current heating of air and / or gases.
- reactive surfaces can be provided which can be heated to the degree, so that a reaction taking place at a specific temperature can be brought about thereby.
- the reaction is carried out with one of the above-described coated EM Energyaufêtieri by the surface target temperature is set to the control unit on the value of the temperature optimum of the reaction to be delivered.
- the temperature of the surface of the energy absorber can also be adjusted to a temperature which differs slightly or significantly from the temperature which causes an optimal reaction promotion. This is particularly advantageous in reactions that are to proceed successively, as desired in many biological or biochemical processes.
- an EM energy generator unit and an EM energy absorber element for contactless and direct induction current heating of chemical and / or biological reaction mixtures. Preference is given to the use of an EM energy generator unit and an EM energy sensor element for the reaction control in a chemical and / or biological reaction mixture.
- an EM energy absorbing element becomes a thermocatalyst. It is also advantageous that thermally induced reactions can be controlled very accurately with the Indu Erasmussstromerhitzungsö, the reaction can be terminated by exposing a further EM energy output of the EM energy generator almost immediately, if the EM Energyier choir consists of a compound that a has high electrical and / or thermal conductivity and at the same time a low mass.
- the abovementioned embodiments are also advantageous and practicable because such a thermocatalyst can be removed very easily and in one piece from a reaction mixture after the reaction has taken place. Also, the purification of the catalytic surfaces of the energy receiving element for its reuse can be much simpler than with the presence of suspended reaction promoting compounds, thereby imparting further practicality to the process.
- heat transfer bodies or EM energy acceptor elements with surface coatings that are chemically inert.
- Preferred is the use of an EM energy acceptor or EM energy acceptor element having a surface or surface coating which has a reactive / reaction promoting effect on a reaction mixture.
- an induction current heating unit as a laboratory heater and / or as a laboratory mixer is preferred.
- thermocatalyst Preference is given to the use of an EM energy absorption element as a thermocatalyst. Preference is given to the use of a thermocatalyst for initiating, stabilizing and / or improving a biological, chemical and / or bio-chemical reaction.
- the surfaces of the EM Energyaufrichelements be coated with a coating of organic or inorganic compounds.
- This coating may be partial (eg, to improve lubricity) or complete (eg, to protect the energy absorber material from aggressive substances).
- organic film-forming compounds can be used. Again, the choice of material depends on the application. However, compounds which are themselves not toxic or from which no toxic compounds can escape are preferred. As another requirement, these compounds are required to be heat resistant. Therefore, preferred are also inorganic compounds, such as alloys, particularly preferred are metallic alloys, e.g. made of cobalt-chrome.
- the inorganic or organic compound should be substantially chemically inert and in particular should not be decomposed by acids or alkalis.
- enamels, PTFE, PEEK Particularly preferred are materials which have a high thermal conductivity and / or require a very low material application.
- ultrathin temperature- and chemical-resistant coatings or seals are used, which at the same time have a low heat resistance.
- These include coating processes with carbon or carbon compounds, such.
- As a carbon coating which is applied by CVD method (diamond-like-carbon).
- CVD method diamond-like-carbon
- coatings of silicon carbide, aluminum nitrite, platinum, gold or silver are also preferred.
- EM energy absorbers which consist of an element or compounds which / have a high thermal conductivity and / or are coated with such an element / compound.
- the temperature of the EM energy absorption element is adjustable via a feedback control. This refers to both the temperature of the surface of any point of the EM energy receiving element and the temperature present within the EM energy absorbing element.
- a temperature sensor is located directly on or in the EM energy receiver, whereby the temperature of the EM energy absorber can be recorded without delay.
- Suitable temperature probes, z. B. in the form of a wire which is applied to the EM energy absorber are known in the prior art, those skilled in methods for delay-free transmission of solid-state temperatures are known.
- the EM energy absorbing element includes a plurality of temperature sensors. The temperature measurement on the surface of the heat transfer body is preferred. Furthermore, this preferably includes the EM energy absorbing element one or more temperature measuring devices for determining the temperature of the surrounding medium.
- an EM energy acceptor element containing at least one device for determining the temperature of the liquid or solid in which it is located.
- a temperature sensor available from the prior art is mounted on the surface of the energy receiving element.
- the sensor region is not directly on the surface of the EM energy absorber, but has a distance to this, which measures at least 1 mm, more preferably at least 2 mm and more preferably at least 3 mm. It may be advantageous to carry out a thermal shield of the heat transfer body.
- the sensor can be held by the wire connections of the sensor or by its own support, which can be made of any heat-stable material, which can be firmly connected to the heat transfer body.
- the coating of the sensor and the electrical connection of the temperature sensor by a coating, as listed herein.
- Particularly advantageous are coatings which have a high thermal conductivity, such as. B. diamond-like-carbon or silicon carbide.
- an EM energy absorber element with an integrated device for temperature detection of the EM Energyauf fielements and / or the surrounding medium.
- the measurement signal (s), the measured temperature value can be supplied to the control unit by an additional input to the EM energy generator unit and used integratively to control the EM energy output.
- the temperature of the medium is measured only by a separate measuring device and the EM energy receiving element does not have a temperature probe.
- the regulation of the energy release quantity takes place on the basis of the measurement / control method described above.
- This can be advantageous in particular when the EM energy absorption element may only be very small and is therefore used only as a heat transfer body.
- EM energy absorption elements which are only available via an HF induction current generator and one or more internal and / or one or more have external temperature probes. The selection and arrangement of the temperature probes depends on the application.
- the temperature sensor (s) is / are connected to a radio transmitter.
- the temperature sensor (s) is / are connected in one embodiment to an RF induction current generator (s.o.) for the power supply.
- the F-radio transmitter is connected to the RF induction current generator for the power supply.
- the heating / heating method according to the invention in the electromagnetic near field and / or far field of an EM energy generator takes place in a particularly advantageous embodiment by controlling the energy output of the EM energy generator to a defined temperature of the liquid to be tempered, a fusible solid and / or a To adjust solid state.
- the temperature values which occur in or on the surface of the energy absorber and the temperature values present in the surrounding medium are determined by means of temperature sensors and the determined values are transmitted to a control unit by radio transmission, which preferably takes place in the radio frequency range (see below).
- a direct inductive heating / heating process in which the values of the temperature probe measurement of the EM energy receiving element are continuously transmitted by means of a radio transmission to an external receiver unit.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible for the first time to provide a contactless direct heating and tempering method of liquids, fusible solids and / or solids in vessels located in the near and / or far field of an electromagnetic field of an EM energy generator.
- the tempering method for stationary or mobile use is applicable, without the need to use special containers for this purpose, provided that the material from which they consist does not adsorb electromagnetic energy.
- the temperature sensor (s) are / are connected to a radio transmitter unit.
- the radio transmission unit preferably consists of a radio antenna and an RF radio transmitter, which are connected to each other. Such structures are known in the art. Any other type of wireless signaling is also a preferred embodiment.
- the RF radio antenna may preferably be applied to the outside of the energy absorbing element.
- the operating current of this radio transmitter unit is provided by an inductive power generation unit, as described above, to which it is electrically connected.
- the energy supply for the electrical supply of electrical or electronic components of the EM energy absorption element takes place by a Battery or a rechargeable battery, which is (s) mounted in a socket in or on the energy absorbing element / are.
- the power receiving element may not include an RF induction coil or RF induction current generator. Preference is given to EM energy absorption elements which contain a radio transmission unit for signal transmission.
- the electronic components are preferably introduced into one or more cavities of the EM energy absorber element, which is preferably located in the center of the EM energy absorber element.
- a cavity is not covered from one side by a magnetic wave adsorbing structure of the EM energy absorber.
- the 2-side electronic components are not covered by a magnetic wave adsorbing structure. This has the advantage that the electromagnetic energy field required to generate the induction current is not weakened or only slightly attenuated by overlapping structures.
- the cavity for receiving the RF induction coil at a position of the EM Energyauf termeelements is that ensures the greatest possible spatial approximation to the near field of EM energy delivery area, preferably by a self-alignment of the EM energy absorption element after the Insertion in a liquid container.
- This object is achieved in particular in EM energy absorption elements which are to be used for agitation of liquids for rotation, characterized in that the cavity is preferably in or along the axis of rotation of the energy absorber.
- EM energy absorption elements which have / have one or more cavities for receiving electronic components.
- the electronic components are introduced into a cavity of the EM energy absorption element, which are located in the far field or outside the electromagnetic energy field.
- the RF induction coil only the RF induction coil
- permanent magnetic or magnetizable regions are located in and / or on the EM energy absorption element.
- z As a bar magnet or an iron part of the prior art.
- At least two magnetic or magnetizable regions are provided which are positioned in / on the energy receiving element such that the magnetic or magnetizable regions extend as far as possible to the surface of the EM energy absorbing element or protrude above it and the axis forming two of these sections together , the center of gravity and / or the axis of rotation of the energy absorber passes through the center.
- the EM Energyberger choirelement consists of a permanent magnet.
- one or more magnets are located in the lower (pad-facing) region of the EM energy absorbing element and are here superimposed on the energy absorption element or embedded in a depression.
- the pole regions of a rod-shaped energy absorption element are made of a magnetic or magnetizable material. These devices allow rotation of the EM energy absorbing element by an external moving magnetic field. This is particularly advantageous if the EM energy absorption element is also to be used for mixing the medium in which it is located. It is also advantageous that by combining a heating of the surfaces of the EM energy absorption element with a movement of these in a medium, a significantly better convection of the introduced heat energy can be achieved than is the case with an indirect heating with a heating / stirring mixer.
- EM energy absorber elements which consist of a magnetic or magnetizable material or have areas containing magnetic or magnetizable materials.
- a liquid, a solid to be melted, and / or a solid can be heated and / or tempered and at the same time mixed without contact (without a line-supported power supply) and without external heating.
- a method for Indutationsstromerhitzung of liquids and / or fusible solids which is characterized by an EM energy generator unit and an EM Energyier situatedelement, wherein the EM Energyauf fieelement contactless in the electromagnetic near and / or far field of the EM energy generator of EM-energy transmitter unit is located and in which, in addition to a heating and / or tempering at the same time a thorough mixing of the liquid, a fusible solid and / or a solid is carried out by the EM Energyauf fieelement.
- Preference is given to a device in which the EM Energyaufêtelement in addition to a heating / tempering also performs a mixing of a liquid in a container.
- a device is installed with which a magnetic field can be inductively produced.
- a magnetic coil instead of permanent magnets, a magnetic coil, the z. B. of a copper wire and a core of iron or other magnetizable substance or compound, will be used, which on a rotational axis of the Energyaufêtelements be positioned in the same manner as described above.
- the power supply for generating an induction current is thereby ensured by an electrical connection to an RF induction current generator, as described herein.
- the EM energy absorption element contains additional components in addition to or instead of the described components.
- the EM energy receiving element includes an electronic component for detecting a centrifugal acceleration.
- the power supply via the above-described components and advantageously the measurement signal is transmitted with a radio transmitter as described herein to the EM energy generator unit.
- a radio transmitter as described herein to the EM energy generator unit.
- An EM energy sensor element which contains a device for detecting rotational frequency and in which these measured values are transmitted via a radio signal to the EM energy generator unit is preferred.
- Other components can be installed, such. b. for the determination of the pH or the pressure.
- Such measuring elements are very advantageous, for example, in chemical processes which are to take place in a closed container.
- the task of non-contact heating a liquid or a solid, located in a non-metallic container with an electromagnetic energy absorber is carried out with the previously described embodiments by placing the container, with the EM energy-absorbing element located therein, in close proximity to an EM sensor. Energy transmitter is placed on the EM energy delivery area and the power is turned on.
- the heating / tempering process according to the invention with an induction current heating unit is particularly advantageous in the case of heating and / or tempering tasks of liquid ketene and solids which are present in different containers, since the degree of heating does not depend on the type, shape or size of the installation surface or the container material. It could thus be shown that the same amount of liquid, which was in different containers, was heated at different rates with an indirect heating method, whereas an induction heating unit according to the invention always resulted in a similar heating behavior.
- Preferred is a method for contactless inductive direct heating / heating of liquids, fusible solids and / or solids, which are located in non-metallic containers.
- Preferred is a device in which the EM Energyaufrichelement is in a / a liquid / solid, which / is present in a container which consists of a material that does not or only slightly adsorbs the applied EM energy field.
- a faster heating of liquids compared to conventional heating systems is made possible, in particular, by the use of laminar or stacked (3-dimesional) EM-engieme.
- Such EM-Engergieability avatar have installed in a container and electrically operated heaters the advantage that they can be easily removed and cleaned after an application. This also facilitates the cleaning of the container.
- the EM energy absorbing elements can be sealed with a large number of surface coating materials, so that depending on the application, coatings can be selected, the z. B. prevent adhesion of components of the liquid or solids to be heated. On the other hand can be produced in previously unknown degree and simplicity heated surfaces that can be used to z. B. to selectively effect biological and chemical reactions and / or to accelerate or to keep constant.
- Preference is given to a method in which overheating-free heating and / or temperature control of liquids or liquefiable solids is ensured.
- an EM energy absorber or a plurality of EM energy receivers as described herein, with one or more inner and / or outer temperature sensors whose measurement signal is passed to a control unit for the EM energy generator, e.g. As with a radio transmission system as described herein, represents a particularly preferred embodiment, since it is thereby possible to regulate the EM energy supply and thus the heating of the energy absorber and thereby (1) the heating conditions of the liquid / article, in which the EM energy absorber element is to control and (2) to control the surface temperature of the EM energy absorber element. In a particularly advantageous manner, this can be used to ensure contactless direct heating or temperature control of liquids according to adjustable criteria.
- the EM energy absorbing element can be heated to a freely selectable and controllable temperature, depending on the set by feedback of the temperature signals electromagnetic energy field.
- the heating / temperature of the surrounding medium in a temperature range between 10 ° and 350 ° C, more preferably between 25 ° and 100 ° C and more preferably temperatures between 40 ° and 85 ° C.
- temperatures at the surface of the energy absorbing element which can be limited to maximum values between 25 ° and 450 ° C, more preferred are maximum values between 30 ° and 180 ° C and particularly preferred are maximum values between 37 ° and 99 ° C.
- the electromagnetic energy emitter comprises at least one coil, which is made of at least one electrically conductive wire or an electrically conductive foil, in particular which is in the form of an at least simple circular arrangement, which is wound around at least one component of a ferrite at least once, and
- the at least one wire or the at least one film is connected to a high-frequency AC generator and the at least one wire or the at least one film is coupled to an electrical current of an electrical resonant circuit or by coupling with the at least one electrical resonant circuit of a high-frequency AC generator an alternating current is applied, wherein the alternating electrical current takes a frequency between 10 Hz and 1 MHz, and
- a ferrite body has at least one base and at least one projection, and the at least one wire or sheet at least partially wraps around at least part of the base and / or the projection and the energy delivery area faces the base, and in the event of more than a projection, opposite the base and located in an area between the projections;
- the at least one energy absorber is configured for the absorption or adsorption of the electromagnetic energy and generation of thermal energy, in the form of at least one film and / or disc, which consists of a metal and / or carbon, and wherein the absorption or adsorption of the electromagnetic energy and conversion into electrical energy by a high-frequency induction coil takes place, and
- the at least one electronic Functional unit comprises in particular a temperature measuring device and a radio transmitter for transmitting measurement data by means of electromagnetic waves
- FIG. 5b Control of the maximum power consumption of the at least one high-frequency AC generator of the energy transmitter unit on the basis of a nominal / actual value calculation by the control and control unit, using the measured data transmitted in step 4 as the actual value and a setpoint value at a control unit the energy transmitter unit is adjustable,
- an EM energy generator a device which consists of one or more core / cores of a magnetic wave-conducting material and / which is surrounded by an electrical conductor / in which / by an electrical voltage resonant circuit, the electrical Conductor traverses, an electromagnetic energy field is induced.
- the electrical conductor is electrically isolated from the core.
- an EM energy absorber herein is meant a device consisting of a composite of one or more magnetic wave adsorbing material (s) that adsorbs and converts an electromagnetic energy field into heat energy.
- a radio transmitter is understood herein to mean an electronic device which converts an electrical pulse or voltage value into a radio signal and emits it.
- radio receiver herein is meant an electronic device which converts a radio signal into an electrical pulse or voltage value and forwards it as an electrical signal.
- an induction current heating unit a device comprising an EM energy generator unit and an EM Energyaufêtelement.
- the liquids listed herein are all liquid media, this includes water, oils, solvents, suspensions, dispersions and emulsions.
- the solids listed herein are preferably fusible solids, which is why the terms are also used interchangeably, which are compounds / mixtures which have a liquid state of aggregation at temperatures up to 100 ° C and at room temperature or in a cooled state have solid state of aggregation. As examples of this his listed: fats, waxes, resins, bitumen.
- solid any mass that does not behave like a liquid or fusible solid defined herein and that has a solid state of aggregation.
- examples include foods such as meat, lanyards, foils, wood, metals, plastics, glass.
- contactless heating and / or tempering is understood to mean any form of wireless or non-conductive contact transmission of energy. In this case, contactless means that there is no line-connected connection to the medium to be heated.
- the contactless heating and / or tempering also refers to a direct heating and / or temperature, which is present when the heat energy input takes place within the medium to be heated / tempered.
- the term contactless is thus also used herein for a heat energy input, which does not occur by an indirect / external heat source.
- reactive / reaction promoting compound means any element or compound of elements whose presence results in other elements and / or compounds being physically and / or chemically altered to an extent that would not be the case in their absence. Examples of applications of such reactions are substance syntheses or catalysis, addition reactions, reductions, oxidations, structural transformations but also activations, passivation or degradation of biological substances. Examples of the reactive / promoting compounds herein are, for example, catalysts, enzymes, coenzymes, cofactors, ligands.
- reaction mixture a plurality of one or more elements / compounds which physically / chemically interact / react under suitable conditions. These reactants may have any state of aggregation and be in a solid, liquid or gaseous medium and in a vacuum or be themselves the medium.
- electro-magnetic near field and far field is meant herein, the area in which decoupling / adsorption of electromagnetic waves emitted by an EM energy generator is through a substance / compound. For the determination of the area in which the adsorption takes place, the distance between the emission level of the EM energy generator and the location / level at / in which an adsorption of the electromagnetic energy is decisive.
- magnetic-wave-adsorbing compounds is understood herein to mean elements and / or compounds of elements which adsorb electromagnetic waves in the form of an eddy-current loss line or of magnetization losses and which are heat up by this.
- the process is known as inductive heating.
- the physical process is also referred to herein as adsorption.
- all elements or compounds which are suitable for the adsorption of electromagnetic energy can be used to produce an EM energy absorber according to the invention.
- EM energy receivers which have a thermal conductivity of preferably> 100 W / (m-K), more preferably 150 W / (m-K), more preferably> 200 W / (m-K). More preferred are EM energy absorbers, which had both a high electrical conductivity, as well as high thermal conductivity.
- graphite formed by rolling, pressing, sintering or other methods is particularly preferred.
- an expanded graphite mold In this case, graphites are preferred with a high thermal conductivity.
- graphite foils Particularly preferred are graphite foils. Further preferred are graphite foils of expanded and subsequently pressed graphite.
- thin films ⁇ 1.0 mm which have an electrical conductivity of> 80 '10 6 S / m.
- the related elements / compounds are brought into the desired form by established methods.
- This can be z. B. in the form of a melt-casting process, sintering or pressing.
- a layered structure is also possible.
- components can be embedded in the material of the EM energy absorber such. B. a permanent magnet.
- the elements or compounds suitable for adsorbing the electromagnetic energy may be continuously, e.g. B. in the form of a melt or a sintering or discontinuous, z. B. in the form of granules, particles or particles of any size and shape, which are interrupted by other substances or compounds.
- the EM energy generator consists of a coil and a coil core, which emit electromagnetic energy in the applications according to the invention and thus represent an EM energy generator.
- the coil consists of an electrical conductor.
- all elements or connections which are suitable for conducting an electrical energy can be used. This includes the following pure substances: silver, copper, gold, iron, aluminum, chromium, stainless steel, tungsten, tin, zinc, gadolinium, indium, graphite.
- the coil core is preferably made of a material that can cause a conversion of an electromagnetic energy field.
- Umraum means that the Vektorgram the emanating from a coil electromagnetic field lines is changed by the suitable material for forming a material.
- ferrites particularly suitable for this purpose are ferrites, wherein ferrites with additives, such as manganese-zinc ferrites (Mn a Zn (i. A) Fe 2 0 4) or nickel-zinc ferrites (Ni a Zn (i. A) Fe 2 0 4 ) are preferred.
- complexes and compounds of several of these elements are also preferred. Also included are compounds for. B. with oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus.
- the related elements / compounds are brought into the desired form by established methods. This can be z. B. in the form of a melt-casting process, sintering or pressing. A layered structure is also possible. uses
- the devices according to the invention can be used for all heating or tempering tasks of liquids or fusible solids, as defined herein, in containers. This is especially true if this indirect heating, or contact with a fireplace / heat source is not possible or not wanted. Further, in applications where a direct heating is desired and / or where a contact with a connecting cable or a temperature measuring device should not take place. Particularly advantageous is a device according to the invention in the heating and / or temperature of hot drinks, such as coffee or coffee drinks, tea, but also soups, des shimmerern of food, such as sauces or vegetables. It is particularly advantageous that in addition to the heating and a metered mixing of the liquids can be made.
- Such applications can be used for the preparation of food, eg for frying. Heating and tempering of aqueous media or oils can also be used in industrial processes. Particularly advantageous applications also exist the heating of fusible solids or highly viscous substances, which become liquid at a temperature increase. If an EM energy absorbing element with a large surface area is introduced into such a solid mass, a faster heating of the mass can thereby be effected, than with an indirect heating which takes place via a container surface. Such an application is particularly suitable for temperature-sensitive foods, such as butter or cocoa mass.
- the energy input is introduced directly and within a liquid.
- EM energy donor elements which are coated with reaction-promoting compounds, it is possible to control temperature-sensitive reactions in reaction mixtures very precisely.
- the EM Energy donor elements which are coated with reaction-promoting compounds, it is possible to control temperature-sensitive reactions in reaction mixtures very precisely.
- the EM Energy donor elements which are coated with reaction-promoting compounds, it is possible to control temperature-sensitive reactions in reaction mixtures very precisely.
- the EM Energy donor elements which are coated with reaction-promoting compounds, it is possible to control temperature-sensitive reactions in reaction mixtures very precisely.
- the EM Energy donor elements which are coated with reaction-promoting compounds, it is possible to control temperature-sensitive reactions in reaction mixtures very precisely.
- the EM Energy donor elements which are coated with reaction-promoting compounds, it is possible to control temperature-sensitive reactions in reaction mixtures very precisely.
- the EM Energy donor elements which are coated with reaction-promoting compounds, it is possible to control temperature-sensitive reactions in reaction mixtures very precisely.
- the EM Energy donor elements which are coated with
- temperature ranges suitable for the various applications can vary considerably.
- temperature ranges between 15 ° C and 45 ° C are preferred, more preferably between 20 ° and 40 ° C, and most preferably between 25 ° and 37 ° C.
- the preferred temperature ranges are between 40 ° and 100 ° C, more preferably between 50 ° and 85 ° C, and most preferably between 60 ° and 75 ° C.
- non-aqueous media such as.
- oils or ionic liquids it may be necessary to set temperatures preferably between 80 ° and 350 ° C, more preferably between 90 ° and 200 ° C, and most preferably between 99 ° and 150 ° C.
- Further advantageous embodiments include:
- Cellulosic materials is / are located.
- a Energybergerrichelement consisting of an energy absorber and at least one temperature measuring device and / or a radio transmitter and / or an RF induction coil and / or an RF induction current generator and / or a
- Magnets / magnetizable material and associated compounds Magnets / magnetizable material and associated compounds.
- An energy delivery unit comprising an energy generator and an HF alternator and at least one radio receiver and / or a measuring and control module and / or a control element and the associated connections.
- Energy absorption element has a reactive / reaction promoting surface coating.
- FIG. 1A EM energy generator unit according to Example 1.
- Figure 1B EM energy absorber unit according to Example 1.
- Figure 2 Graphical representation of the temperature profile in containers of the experiment in Ex. 2.
- Figure 3 A and B Components of the EM energy transmitter unit according to Example 3.
- Figure 4 A View of the EM energy absorber element according to Example 4.
- Figure 4 B Enlarged view of a component in Figure 4 A.
- Figures 5 A and 5 B Cross-section and top view of the EM energy supplier in accordance with Example 5.
- Figures 5 C - E EM energy absorber unit according to Example 5.
- Figure 6A View of the EM energy absorber element according to Example 6.
- Figure 6B View of the EM energy delivery unit according to example 6.
- Figure 7A View of the cylindrical EM energy delivery unit according to Example 7.
- Figure 7B View and top view of the EM energy absorber unit according to Example 7.
- Figure 8A Cross-sectional view of the EM energy absorbing element according to Example 8.
- Figure 8B Graphical representation of the temperature curve of the experiment according to Ex. 9.
- Figure 8C Graphical representation of the conversion rate of the alcohol in the experiment according to Ex. 9.
- Figure 1A An oblique view of the EM energy delivery unit according to Example 1.
- 100a Core of the EM energy provider
- 100b EM energy generator
- 101 HF alternator
- 102 DC generator
- 103 measuring and control module
- 104 display unit
- 105 RF radio receiver unit
- 106 connection cable (not shown in this perspective)
- 107 EM energy delivery area
- 108 control
- 109 mechanical magnetic rotary device (109) (the holding and driving device is located below the energy generator and is therefore not shown).
- Figure 1B EM-Energieaufwhimatiä according to Example 1, lateral oblique view.
- 110 EM energy absorber whose 2 halves are connected by a shaft (124). This creates a free space called excavation 1 (119).
- the HF induction coil (111) is freely rotating attached and laterally 2 brass rings (123) are firmly mounted. At 111 two strips of copper sheet are mounted, which is shaped so that the free ends on both sides contact the 123. The discs are connected to the ends of the spool.
- the connection cables extend through a notch (127) of 110 into the excavation 2 (120).
- the mounted here HF induction current generator (112) From this goes from a connecting cable and extends in 127 to the excavation 3 (121) and is here connected to the RF radio transmitter (113). From 113, the RF radio antenna (114) goes off and goes to 127.
- An internal temperature sensor (116) departs from 113 and runs in a bore (later potted) to below the surface of 110.
- An external temperature sensor (115) Degends from 114 and passes through a bore on the outer surface of one of the permanent magnets (118), which are glued on both sides 110 laterally. The probe end is located in a central recess of the bonded PEEK molding (125).
- Figure 2 Graphical representation of the temperature profile which was registered in the containers a) - e) according to Example 2, in a test with a Laborrrockerloomplatte (2A) and with an induction current heating unit (2B).
- Figure 3 A and B Components of the EM energy transmitter unit from Example 3.
- Figure 3D shows the excavation 313 in the top view, with the components mounted: 314: HF induction current generator; 315: RF induction coil with attached contact sheets; 316: bracket of 315, on the shaft are each mounted a brass ring with electrical connection; an RF radio transmitter with antenna (117), as well as connection connections.
- Figure 3E Graphical representation of the temperature setpoints and the measured temperature values from Example 3, for heating with a hotplate and the induction current heating unit.
- Figure 4 A) Lateral oblique view of the EM energy absorber element according to Example 4.
- FIG. 400 EM energy absorber in the form of tubes; 401: Frame construction for enclosing the EM energy absorber and receiving the electronic components in one of the connecting regions (401a), in which the compound only in the form of two outer webs erflogt, the resulting excavation was finally sealed watertight by a stainless steel sheet.
- Figure 4B shows an enlargement of 401a. Shown are the wall surfaces of the excavation with the mounted thereon electronic components: 402: RF radio transmitter; 403: HF alternator; 404: RF induction coil; 405: conductor plate and brass sleeve. The connection connections are not shown.
- FIG. 5 A and B show a cross-section and the top view of the EM energy emitter according to Example 5, which consists of a ferrite molding (500) with a base plate, rectangular shaped webs and a shell core sheath.
- the lands are provided with coils (501) of insulated copper wire connected via side outlets to the HF (501a) AC generator.
- Circular are 6 electromagnetic coils (502) having upwardly directed pole pieces mounted on supports of the molding, 4 inside and 2 outside the core shell shell.
- the electronic components RF alternator, RF radio receiver unit, DC generator, control unit and their electrical connections are not shown.
- FIGS 5 C - E EM energy absorber unit according to example 5.
- 5C cross section with lateral view
- 5D top view
- 5E partial enlargement of one of the 3 discs of the EM energy absorber.
- 510 Two tips of outer temperature probes projecting beyond the outer edge of the uppermost disk (the terminal extends within the disk and enters the middle mounting fixture in the housing (511) which is mounted on top with the fixture).
- the housing contains the components not shown here: HF induction coil, HF induction current generator, RF radio transmitter, RF antenna.
- One internal temperature sensor is inserted under the top graphite plate and is connected to the RF radio transmitter (not shown).
- the 3 panes each consisted of 10 graphite plates (512) bordered on the free edge with a C-shaped copper sheet (513). The plates were additionally held together by the holders (514). At the bottom were attached to 514 permanent magnets (515).
- Figure 6A Side oblique view of the EM energy absorber element according to Example 6.
- 600 Base plate of the ferrite molding; 601: curved bridges; 602: central, here approximately represented, middle web; 603: permanent magnets fixed on the underside; 604: the components: RF induction coil, RF induction current generator and RF radio transmitter are located in the center at the bottom of the base plate in a removable housing.
- FIG. 6B Side oblique view of the EM energy delivery unit according to Example 6.
- 610 Part of the housing bottom plate, with the thereon EM energy generator (nickel-zinc-ferrite molding) consisting of a base plate (611a), 8 cores (611b) and a Kernschalenwand (611c), which is centrally located below the mold bottom plate.
- the pivot bearing of the right-angled webs which in turn are supports for the end-mounted bar magnets (612) (the drive device and the components: RF alternator, RF radio receiver and control unit and their connections are not shown)
- the RF coil is shown by way of example only on a core (613).
- Figure 7A Cross-sectional view of the cylindrical EM energy delivery unit according to Example 7.
- 700 HF alternator; 701: core of the energy provider; 702: Annular recess of the container base footprint for receiving the ring magnet. 703: ring magnet; 704: RF radio receiver; 705: RF induction coil of the EM energy generator; 706: installation surface for a bottom spacer of a vessel; 707: Installation surface for the bottom of the vessel.
- Figure 7B Lateral oblique view and top view of the EM-Energieau fashionü according to Example 7.
- 710 base plate of the EM energy absorber (casting)
- 711 star-like cone shape of the energy absorber.
- the components: RF induction coil, RF power generator, RF radio transmitter and the electrical connections are located in an excavation in the center of the bottom plate with bottom opening (not shown).
- 712 The internal temperature probe is located in a superficial recess of the base plate, which extends radially to the outer edge and was then potted with tin.
- 713 The outer temperature probe is located at the top of the cone and is connected to a cable that passes through the heat transfer body for excavation.
- FIG. 8A Cross-sectional view of the EM energy absorbing element according to Example 8.
- 800 Energy absorber, 801 exemplary representation of the internal temperature probes embedded in the surfaces of an aluminum coating and located on all 3 levels.
- 802 ring magnet;
- 803 RF radio transmitter with connections;
- 804 RF induction coil;
- 805 HF induction current generator;
- 806 external temperature sensor.
- the induction current heating unit consists of an EM energy delivery unit ( Figure 1A) and an EM energy absorption element ( Figure 1B).
- the energy delivery unit consists of the following components: the EM energy generator (100), consisting of the core (100a) and the coil (100b), the HF alternator (101), a DC generator (102), the measurement and control module (103 ), the display unit (104), the RF radio receiver unit (105), and the connection cables (106) to the control element (108) and the mechanically driven magnetic rotary device (109).
- the EM energy receiving element consists of the following components: the EM energy receiver (110), the RF induction coil (111), the RF induction current generator (112), the RF radio transmitter (113), the RF antenna (114), the Outside temperature sensor (115), the surface temperature sensor (116), the connecting cables (117) and the permanent magnet (118).
- the EM energy receiving element further includes an excavation 1 (119), an excavation 2 (120) and an excavation 3 (121). Also included are sliding contact plates (122), contact sleeves (123), a shaft (124) and PEEK fittings (125).
- the EM energy absorber consists of a graphite block (SGL, Germany) in which 3 excavations were milled. At each end of the graphite block, a permanent magnet was attached in each case.
- the RF induction coil In the central excavation (119) is the RF induction coil, with the steel core suspended by a shaft (material: PEEK) traversing it, so that the core always aligns perpendicular to the plane of the support of the Energyaufrichelements.
- PEEK material
- Both sides of the core brass sleeves are attached, which are connected with connecting cables.
- the field coil consists of several layers of an insulated copper wire, whose ends are each connected to a sliding contact plate. The sliding contact plates abut the brass contact sleeves.
- connection cables are embedded in a superficial notch of the power receiver and connected to the RF induction current generator mounted in the excavation 2. From this runs an electrical connection cable through the surface notch to the excavation 3 and is here connected to the radio transmitter which is mounted therein. The radio transmitter is connected to the electrical connections of the two temperature probes.
- the sensor wires were inserted into shallow indentations of the energy absorber.
- the sensor area of the surface sensor was brought into contact with the graphite block in the notch by liquid tin.
- the outer temperature sensor runs in the sensor area through a molded piece of PEEK, which has been glued to one of the permanent magnets and has a central exit point for the sensor wire.
- the core of the EM energy transmitter consists of a manganese-zinc ferrite (BFM8) with a frequency range of ⁇ 500kHz and a power loss of 400KW / m 3 at 100kHz and 100mT (Blinzinger, Germany).
- the coil consists of a litz wire (Elektrisola, Germany; diameter 0.25 mm, 3.7 mm 2 cross-sectional area, simple enveloped) which is placed in 2 layers each having 5 turns around the core.
- the RF cable is connected to the HF alternator (Cobes, Germany, 100W, 550kHz).
- a 2-channel F-radio receiver (Vellemann, Germany) with integrated antenna is connected to the measuring and control module (DMT, Germany).
- a DC generator which is connected to a primary AC power source, provides the working current for the aforementioned electronic components.
- the measurement and control module is connected to the HF alternator and the control unit.
- the EM energy generator unit is surrounded by a molded housing made of polypropylene, in which the control unit is integrated.
- Below the EM energy transmitter is a web (material: PEEK), which projects laterally beyond the energy generator and is mounted centrally on a shaft, which allows unbalance-free rotation of the web.
- a web material: PEEK
- the EM energy absorber element was placed in a beaker filled with 200 ml of water.
- the beaker was placed on the energy delivery area of the EM energy generator unit and set a target temperature at the outer temperature sensor of 80 ° C on the control. Further, a revolution frequency of 100 rpm was preselected at the control unit and the power output was started.
- a temperature measuring probe connected to a temperature measuring device for continuous temperature recording (Greisinger, Germany). A continuous increase in temperature up to 80.2 ° C was registered. After reaching the maximum, the temperature of the liquid remained constant at 80.1 ° C over the measurement period of 30 minutes, with a fluctuation range of ⁇ 0.2 ° C.
- the rotational frequency of the energy absorbing element was 100 rpm.
- the containers were a) a Erlenmeyer flask made of glass (floor area 5.9 cm 2 ), b) a laboratory flask made of borosilicate glass, which had a corrugated surface (floor area 5.8 cm 2 ), c) a plastic laboratory flask (floor area 5 , 8 cm 2 ), d) a crystallizing dish (bottom area 5.0 cm 2 ) and e) a bottle made of polyethylene (floor area 5.8 cm 2 ).
- a stirring rod 50 mm was inserted. Both devices had a rotation frequency of 100 rpm.
- the EM energy absorption element consisted of a round tinplate (area 3 cm 2 , material thickness 300 ⁇ ) by means of a bathleitfolie (Kerafol, WLF 86/50, 225 ⁇ material thickness) over the entire surface with an aluminum cone, the design of Example 7 (surface about 5 cm 2 ) corresponded, was thermally conductively connected.
- the EM energy absorber had a central recess in which the functional units: HF induction current generator and RF radio transmitter were inserted and connected to the aluminum cone. Through the cone ran a temperature sensor, which was connected to the HF induction current generator and the RF radio transmitter and in which the measuring range towered over the conical surface. The rest of the construction and the components corresponded to / from Example 1.
- the EM energy delivery unit was constructed according to Example 1, the maximum power output was 200 watts.
- the temperature of the liquids to be heated in the containers was determined 2 cm below the liquid level with a temperature probe and recorded the temperature profile continuously. The final temperature was determined after 40 minutes. Furthermore, the heating of the containers was observed with an infrared camera.
- the internal temperature sensor wire was led through the energy absorber to the top and connected here in a groove with the graphite by liquid tin.
- the external temperature sensors were mounted with a 3 mm spacer in the area of the orbital edge and the top.
- the EM energy absorber was graphite and had a mass of 18 g. All components of the EM energy absorption element were coated with a 20 ⁇ thick layer of PTFE.
- the induction current heating unit further consisted of an EM energy delivery unit consisting of the following components: an RF radio receiver unit, 6 annularly arranged electromagnets whose pole shoes were flattened and arranged in a circle equidistant from each other around the coil core and a vertical orientation to the footprint had.
- the EM energy source consisted of a nickel-zinc ferrite fitting.
- the remainder of the construction of the energy donor unit corresponded to that of Example 1.
- Test Part A In each of 2 Erlenmeyer flasks (capacity 200 ml), 50 ml of a solution of horseradish peroxygenase (12.5 kU) containing 0.1 mmol / l sodium citrate were added.
- the solutions were overcoated with inert gas. There was a heating, in which a temperature of 65 ° C should be reached and maintained over the duration of 24 hours.
- a flask was heated with a laboratory hot plate controlled by an external temperature sensor superficially immersed in the suspension to be heated. Further, a stirring magnet was inserted in the piston, which was rotated continuously at 100 rpm. The second flask was heated with an EM energy absorber.
- the following settings were made on the control unit: setpoint temperature of the external temperature sensor 65 ° C, maximum temperature of the internal temperature sensor 67 ° C, rotation frequency of the energy absorption element 100 rpm.
- the temperature of the solution was determined continuously with a temperature probe. From the registered values, the limit and mean values were determined. The experiments were repeated 3 times with both methods.
- Experimental part A Using a laboratory hot plate or induction current heating unit, the temperature was maintained at 65.1 ° C and 65.0 ° C, respectively. The standard deviation was 3.2% and 0.8 ° C, respectively. The maximum temperature values per hour were 68.7 ° C and 66.2 ° C, respectively. The enzyme activity in the reference sample was reduced by 17%. The enzyme activities of the solution heated with the hot plate or induction current heating unit were reduced by 60% and 21% from baseline, respectively.
- the energy absorber was composed of 2 x 12 parallel tubes of stainless steel, each 1cm in diameter and 15cm in length, joined by a stainless steel frame ( Figure 4).
- the glass container was placed on the energy delivery area of the energy delivery unit, which consisted of the components according to Example 1.
- the EM energy generator was of its design similar to that of Example 5, but in contrast had a larger floor area and a greater height. Further, the coil was arranged with 20 turns and in 5 layers around the cores.
- the HF alternator had a maximum power consumption of 4kW.
- the components of the EM energy transmitter unit were connected to an external control unit.
- the control unit had a digital display and control panel.
- the target temperature, the minimum and maximum temperatures that should be present at the internal and external temperature sensor were set.
- a target temperature of the medium of 190 ° C was set. 250 ° C and 185 ° C were set on the control unit as maximum and minimum temperatures of the energy absorber. The experiments were finished after 15 minutes. The temperatures of the frying oils were measured continuously 2 cm below the liquid level. Furthermore, the operating energy of the systems was determined during the heating phases.
- the target temperature of the frying oil was reached faster by 47 seconds (A) or by 58 (B)) and by 135 (C)) seconds with the induction current heater than with conventional fryers.
- the temperature variations after reaching the target temperature were ⁇ 1.8% for the induction current heating unit and ⁇ 11.3% for the fryers, for A) ⁇ 16.8% and for C) ⁇ 14.3%.
- the energy consumption for the induction current heater which was determined over the duration of the test, was significantly lower than that of the fryers (- 22% compared to A), - 28% compared to B) and - 34% compared to C)).
- the power receiving element (Figure 5C - E) of the induction current heating unit consisted of the following components: an internal and 2 external temperature sensors, an RF radio transmitter, an RF induction coil, an HF induction current generator, 4 permanent magnets, and terminal connections.
- the Energyberger reviewing consisted of 3 each 10mm thick discs with a diameter of 10 cm.
- the discs consisted of 10 1mm thick graphite plates (SGL, Germany, electrical resistance 18 ⁇ / ⁇ , thermal conductivity 200 W / (m 'k)), which were bordered by an outer circumferential ring and held together by the holding devices.
- the outer surface of the EM energy absorber was calculated to be 54cm 2 .
- the disks were arranged parallel to each other and connected at a distance of 10 mm at 5 points to each other by a continuous holding device.
- the radio transmitter with the terminals for the temperature sensors, was located in a housing which was mounted on the surface in the middle of an outer disk of the energy absorbing element.
- the following electronic components were mounted and interconnected: RF induction coil, RF induction current generator, RF radio transmitter, RF antenna.
- the locations of the external temperature sensors are shown in Figure 5C.
- the Energy Delivery unit consisted of the components: EM energy generator, RF alternator, RF radio receiver unit, electromagnetic rotary device according to example 3, DC generator, control unit and electrical connections.
- the EM energy sink unit consisted of a ferrite block formed by a 3-D mill ( Figures 5A and B).
- the control unit were 2 controllers for the set temperature of the medium and the maximum temperature of the EM energy absorber.
- the HF alternator had a maximum power consumption of 1000 W.
- the energy is supplied by a 220V DC generator.
- a target temperature of the medium of 55 ° C and a maximum temperature of the EM Energyauf fielements of 60 ° C were set.
- Cocoa butter mass which had been refrigerated for storage and which was a solid mass should be liquefied.
- 1 kg of the mass was placed in a metal container with a surface of 180 cm 2 and in a plastic container with a flat bottom.
- the metal container was placed to the rim in a water bath constantly at a temperature of 60 ° C. immersed.
- the energy absorbing element was placed in the plastic container so that it was located immediately above the EM energy delivery area of the EM energy delivery unit and then placed over the cocoa butter mass.
- the stirrer was turned on after 1 minute and set at a revolution frequency of 40 rpm.
- the time required for the cocoa butter to melt completely was determined. Further, the final temperature of the molten butter was measured. The experiments were repeated 3 times and the mean value calculated from the determined values.
- the EM energy receiving element of an induction heater had the following components: an EM energy receiver, an internal and an external temperature probe, an RF induction coil, an RF induction current generator and a radio transmitter, 6 permanent magnets and connection connections.
- the EM energy absorber consisted of an aluminum molded part with a round bottom plate of 1 mm thickness with perpendicularly departing comma-like curved bars, which were arranged around a star-shaped middle bar ( Figure 6A). On the underside of the bottom plate, the magnets were mounted circular and in the center was a removable housing for receiving the other system components.
- the outer temperature probe was mounted on top of the bottom plate.
- the EM energy transmitter unit consisted of an EM energy generator, a mechanical magnetic rotation device according to Example 1, an HF alternator (400 W max.), An RF radio receiver and a control unit together with terminals.
- the EM energy source consisted of a nickel-zinc-ferrite molding ( Figure 6B). For the coils (5 turns in 2 layers each) an HF strand was used. For applications with more than one liter of media, several of the square EM energy transmitter elements were juxtaposed. In this case, the same number of EM energy absorption elements were inserted into the container.
- the rotational frequency of the rotating device, the target temperature of the medium and the minimum and maximum temperatures of the EM-Energieetzillon be set.
- one or more EM energy absorption element was placed in the containers and then filled with the sauces.
- the filled trays were placed directly on the energy delivery area of the EM energy generator unit, as the target temperature of the medium, a temperature of 85 ° C for experiments 1 and 2 and 65 ° C for experiment 3 was set.
- a revolution frequency of 30 rpm was set.
- a water temperature of 90 ° C was set for experiments 1 and 2 and of 70 ° C for experiment C.
- each 3 liters of a freshly prepared hunter sauce (experiment) and a custard (experiment 2) and 500ml of a hollandaise sauce (experiment 3) were filled into ceramic dishes of the same shape.
- One dish each was heated with the water bath and with the induction current heater.
- the sauces had a temperature of 90 ° C (experiments 1 and 2), or 70 ° C (experiment 3).
- the sauces were then tempered without coverage for 3 hours by both methods.
- the temperature of the sauces which was present in the middle of the containers, was determined continuously with a temperature probe. Subsequently, the formation of a skin formation as well as an adhesion of solids to the shells was determined.
- the temperature of the sauces was kept constant in a range between 82 ° and 87 ° C. in experiments 1 and 2 over the experimental period.
- the temperature for water bath heating was lower than for induction current heating, 55 ° C. 68 ° C.
- the sauces which had been kept warm in a water bath, a skin had formed, as well as varying degrees of firm adhesion in the area of the liquid levels on the container walls.
- the sauces that had been tempered with the induction current heating unit neither skin formation nor noticeable adhesion to the container occurred.
- each 200ml of coffee (1), latte macchiato (2) and 150ml cappuccino (3) were filled in cups, as they are commonly used for the sale of entrainment drinks and were made of coated paper with a 1cm high bottom spacer (Trendsky premium coffee mug).
- the EM energy transmitter unit consisted of an EM energy transmitter, an HF power generator (max 60W) and an F radio receiver as well as the electrical connections.
- the energy generator housing was cylindrically shaped ( Figure 7A). The upper edge area was lowered by 1 cm from the central top.
- the central upper side had a circular recess 8 mm wide in the edge area for receiving an annular magnet.
- the magnet could be easily attracted by a metallic object and could be removed with it.
- the EM energy absorbing member located at the bottom of the beverage cup was, after placing the cup on the casing, attracted to the magnet therein, thereby fixing the EM energy absorbing member to the cup bottom. When removing the cup of the magnet was lifted with and remained fixed to the bottom of the cup. When tilting or turning the cup, there was no slippage of the EM energy absorbing element or the magnet on the cup bottom. The EM energy absorbing element could be solved by removing the round magnet from the bottom of the cup and recover by dumping.
- the EM energy transmitter unit was connected by a cable to an external control unit.
- the control unit was electrically connected to a power take-off for a car fire igniter.
- the EM energy absorbing element consisted of a conical stainless steel fitting with star-shaped extensions as shown in Figure 7B and had a base diameter of 4 cm and a height of 3 cm. The surface was determined to be 4.6 cm 2 .
- the base plate was heat-conductively bonded to a heat-conductive sheet. The latter were then heat-conductively connected to a 150 ⁇ thick aluminum foil.
- an RF induction coil, an RF power generator, a radio transmitter and the electrical connections were installed in a recess in the lower central area. Further, on one side surface, the internal and external temperature probes were electrically connected to the radio transmitter.
- a maximum temperature of 80 ° C was set for the internal temperature sensor and a target temperature of 60 ° C for the external temperature sensor.
- the temperature of the hot beverage was continuously measured by a 2 cm deep immersion temperature probe.
- the investigations were carried out with (A) and without (B) an energy absorbing element on capped cups under the same conditions at 22 ° C outside temperature.
- the beakers containing the freshly prepared drinks were placed on the energy delivery unit for 1 hour.
- a tasting was carried out by 3 trained persons, wherein over the duration of 40 minutes, at a distance of 3 minutes a sip was drunk. The taste experience was noted. Further, at the end, the temperature of the residual amount of the beverage was measured.
- Experiment 1 The temperature of the beverages in the unheated cups dropped rapidly and after 60 minutes was in a temperature range between 28 ° and 36 ° C.
- Experiment 2 During the tasting, a taste evaluation of the drink was only possible after cooling to 60 ° - 65 ° C and thus only after 12 minutes. The taste experience was rated as consistently good over unheated drinks over a 15 minute period. After that, there was a progressive deterioration of the taste experience, which was related to the beverage cooling.
- the taste experience of the beverages tempered with the induction current heating unit remained consistently good until the end of the experiment, with no difference in the evaluation of the well-felted taste result of the unheated hot beverage.
- the final temperature was between 23 ° C and 27 ° C for the unheated drinks and between 57 ° C and 60 ° C for those who had been tempered with induction current heating.
- the EM energy generator unit corresponded to that of Example 5, but had no stirring device. Two forms of planar induction current heating units were used.
- the EM energy absorber consisted of 2 graphite foils, each of which was placed around a glass rod (5 mm in diameter) and which were guided above this winding through the bottom region of a copper fitting, in which case the foils were fixed.
- the fitting had a U-shape with side surfaces of 10 x 10cm each of a 4mm thick sheet. Between the side surfaces there was a distance of 1.5cm.
- the graphite foils were thermally conductively connected to the side surfaces.
- RF induction coil In the area of the bottom plate of the molded part was a closable excavation for receiving the following components: RF induction coil, RF induction current generator, RF radio transmitter and RF antenna. Between the graphite foils and the copper sheet, three temperature sensors were arranged on both sides over the entire surface and connected to the radio transmitter. The EM energy absorbing element was sealed with a thin PTFE layer.
- the heated with heat lamp meat cheese had a top temperature of 62 ° C and 52 ° C below.
- the surface of the top was brownish with a firmer consistency, the corners were slightly bent upwards.
- the tempered with the induction current heater meat cheese had a temperature of 60 ° C on both sides. Both sides were the same in color and consistency as a freshly cut piece. During the tasting, it was not possible to differentiate the meat cheese tempered with the induction heating from a fresh slice, while the meat cheese tempered by the heat radiator had a markedly different taste.
- Cyclohexane can be oxidized by the catalyst cobalt acetate in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide to the corresponding alcohol and ketone.
- the cobalt acetate complex was synthesized by a known method (Nowotny M, Pedersen LN, Hanefeld U, Mashmeyer T. Increasing the Ketone Selectivity often Cobalt-Catalyzed Radical Chain Oxidation of Cyclohexane, 2002, Chem Eur J) to mesoporous material (MCM-41 ) covalently bound.
- MCM-41 mesoporous material
- the EM energy absorber consisted of the following components: EM energy absorber ( Figure 8), RF induction coil, RF induction current generator, RF radio transmitter, RF antenna, and 3 internal temperature sensors mounted in a circle on each level of the discs and enclosed in the full aluminum alloy.
- EM energy absorber Figure 8
- RF induction coil As a reaction promoting compound, 250 mg of the powdered MCM-41 cobalt acetate complexes were applied to and immobilized on the entire surface of the energy acceptor on a fresh thin film of an epoxy resin adhesive. After curing of the adhesive, detachable residues of the powder were removed in an ultrasonic bath. The dried surfaces had a homogeneous white coating.
- the EM energy generator unit corresponded to that of Example 1.
- the maximum temperature of the surfaces of the EM energy releasing member was set at 96 ° C.
- the stirrer was set at both devices to a rotation frequency of 50U / min. set. The experiment was ended after 1 hour. At intervals of 10 minutes, the temperature of the reaction liquid was measured and taken samples for analysis. The conversion rate was determined by the concentration of the resulting alcohol.
- an EM energy generator unit For the investigation, an EM energy generator unit according to Example 1 was used. There were arrangements of films and discs of different adsorption materials. There were films of aluminum (AF), expanded graphite (eGF) and copper (KF) in the material thicknesses: 50, 100 and 200 ⁇ , and discs of a tinplate (WB) and a pure steel sheet (SB) in the material thicknesses 100 and 200 ⁇ , and plates of non-expanded graphite (nGP) with a material thickness of 150 ⁇ used, which were individually and in combination with each other and examined in the different thicknesses. The films / discs were placed on top of each other in a combination. In each case round formats with a diameter of 5cm were used.
- AF aluminum
- eGF expanded graphite
- KF copper
- WB tinplate
- SB pure steel sheet
- nGP non-expanded graphite
- Foils were made of aluminum (AF), expanded graphite (eGF) and slices of tinplate
- the EM energy generator unit and the experimental arrangement according to Example 11 were used / executed.
- the measurements were carried out at a distance between the EM energy delivery surface of the EM energy donor and the surface, the films / disk arranged as EM energy absorber, of 8 mm (Al) and 20 mm (A2) (compare Experiment 11). It The current intensity of the RF resonant circuit was measured and recorded. Heating of the EM energy absorbers and the workpieces was recorded with an infrared camera.
- a copper wire with a cross-sectional area (QF) of 0.1 xxmm 2 (KD1) and 0.5 mm 2 (KD2) of a multifilamentary copper wire strand with a QF of 2.5 mm 2 (KL) was used as the electrical conductor.
- QF cross-sectional area
- KD1 and KD2 0.5 mm 2
- KD2 multifilamentary copper wire strand with a QF of 2.5 mm 2
- KL 2.5 mm 2
- Wire lengths of 25cm (LI), 50cm (L2) and 100cm (L3) were used, and the wire ends closed the resonant circuit of an HF alternator (55kHz resonant circuit frequency).
- the maximum possible energy transfer performance was limited to 100W (PI) and 500W (P2) by setting the RF voltage transmitter accordingly.
- the wires were placed in a different arrangement on a solid wooden board, or arranged by plastic clamping devices in a defined geometry / spatial orientation: AI) arcuate-planar with maximum possible removal of the wire parts with each other, A2) as in AI) but in a range circular, A3) as A2) but 2 circular winding of the wire, which were superimposed.
- AI arcuate-planar with maximum possible removal of the wire parts with each other, A2) as in AI) but in a range circular, A3) as A2) but 2 circular winding of the wire, which were superimposed.
- the experiments were repeated with a cylindrical piece of 1 cm diameter and 10 mm length placed in a wire section located at A2 and A3 within the coil (s), consisting of: iron (E), glass (G. ), sintered ferrite (F), the experimental procedure was correspondingly marked.
- an EM energy absorber consisting of a tinplate, in a tenacity of 10mm over a portion of the wire in AI) and over the winding (A2 and A3)) or over the region of the inserted cylinder piece by means of a mounting device was arranged.
- the current intensity of the RF resonant circuit was measured and recorded.
- the current flow (ampere) present in the resonant circuit without transmission of an electromagnetic energy field to an EM energy absorber has been termed internal power dissipation (IVL). Heating of the wire or cylinder piece was detected with an infrared camera.
- an IVL was between 0.22 and 0.44A.
- the IVL increased significantly to 0.45 to 1.3A.
- the IVL continued to rise and led with all wires to a significant warming, so that the attempt had to be prematurely terminated at P2 with the wires KD2 and KL.
- the addition of a glass cylinder had no effect on the IVL
- the current was not less than 2.5A. Due to the heating to> 80 ° C of the wire and / or the iron cylinder, the experiments were terminated prematurely.
- ferrite mold bodies were used, which had an E-shape and either in open form (Fl) or in closed form (F2), i. in the form of a half shell with a central ring, templates.
- An EM energy absorber consisting of a composite of an aluminum foil and a graphite foil approximated the ferrite mold bodies from all sides: from the side, to the side of the base plate and to the open side opposite to the base, at a distance from each other 10mm.
- the IVL was in all arrangements in a range between 50 to 200mA.
- the current increased to 3.3 to 5A and the EM energy absorber became instantaneously hot.
- the EM energy absorber With an approach of the EM energy absorber from one side, there was an increase in the current intensity up to a maximum of 1.2A at F2) with F2), there was only a minimal increase, which was a maximum of 0.6 A.
- F2 When approaching the side of the base plate, there was no increase in F2) and minimal increase in Fl).
- the EM energy absorber was virtually not heated in these experiments.
- EM energy transmitter unit comprising: a power supply, 2 RF voltage generators + HF alternators, an RF receiver, a control module.
- the EM energy generator consisted of a ferrite-shaped piece in the form of a half-shell (diameter 5 cm), which had centrally an annular projection with a diameter of 1.5 cm. The projection and the edge of the shell had a height above the base plate of 10mm. Between the shell edge and the ring an insulated copper wire strand with 5 turns was inserted. A field coil was placed in the space bounded by the annular projection. The terminals of the coil wires to the RF alternators were passed through passages in the base plate.
- the field coil was coupled into a 180kHz resonant circuit and the copper wire strand into a 50kHz resonant circuit.
- the received signal from the RF radio receiver was sent to the control module to which it was connected.
- the control module was connected via a control line to the RF voltage generators.
- the EM energy absorber element comprised the following components: an EM energy absorber, an RF induction coil, a temperature sensing wire, an RF transmitter.
- the EM energy absorber consisted of a graphite foil (diameter 5cm), which had a circular recess (15mm) centrally. Furthermore, there was a recess in an edge region.
- the foil was bonded to an aluminum cone by means of a ceramic heat conducting foil. In the area of the central section of the film, the cone had a recess into which the RF induction coil was inserted and fixed. There was an electrical connection with the temperature measuring wire and the RF radio transmitter.
- the RF radio transmitter was mounted on a ferrite plate, which was directly connected to the cone in the area at the edge of the EM energy absorber.
- the EM transducer element was placed in a glass such that the cone base rested on the container bottom.
- the glass was laterally connected to a device which allowed for free height adjustment against the EM delivery area of the EM energy delivery unit above which it was located. There were tests at a distance between 1 and 10cm. At a distance of 50 cm, the field strength of electromagnetic waves emitted from the glass was determined in the radio-frequency range.
- the electrical operation of the RF transmitter in the EM Energyier termed could be guaranteed without interference and interruption in all positions and during the heating of the EM-Energieaufdozenss, which was evident in a continuously updated temperature measurement, the on a display of the control / regulating module was visible and was obtained by the RF radio signal transmission to the RF radio receiver of the EM Energy Sampling Unit. From the power consumption of the RF voltage generator of the coil resonant circuit it was seen that with increasing distance of the EM Energyauf fielements of EM energy delivery unit, an automatically performed by the control / regulating module increase in the transmission power was made. Based on the measured temperature values, an adaptive control of the power consumption of the resonant circuit of the EM energy emitter could be controlled. Outside the water-filled glass, no permissible signal strength / signal level of electromagnetic wave radiation in the radio-frequency range was exceeded during all experimental conditions.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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DE102017003452 | 2017-04-10 | ||
PCT/EP2018/059210 WO2018189209A1 (de) | 2017-04-10 | 2018-04-10 | Verfahren und vorrichtungen zur kontaktlosen direkten erwärmung von flüssigkeiten und feststoffen |
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US20180346368A1 (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2018-12-06 | Nipro Corporation | Method of manufacturing glass vessel, and apparatus for manufacturing glass vessel |
DE102019122983A1 (de) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-03-04 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Verfahren zur generativen Fertigung von Bauteilen, Vorrichtung, Verfahren zur Steuerung und Speichermedium |
FR3100420B1 (fr) | 2019-09-03 | 2021-07-23 | Seb Sa | Ustensile de chauffage |
DE112019007927A5 (de) * | 2019-12-03 | 2022-09-22 | Wachtang Budagaschwili | Induktive Heizvorrichtung, insbesondere induktiver Tauchsieder |
IT202000014887A1 (it) * | 2020-06-22 | 2021-12-22 | I E E C Free Port Ltd | Apparecchiatura per solidificare zolfo liquido in cristalli ortorombici e relativo procedimento |
CA3200158A1 (en) | 2020-12-10 | 2022-06-16 | Meir Gershenson | Electromagnet for a thermography system |
CN114717584B (zh) * | 2022-03-29 | 2023-06-06 | 浙江大学杭州国际科创中心 | 一种基于无线电能传输技术的电化学合成装置及方法 |
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US6534753B1 (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2003-03-18 | Wilmington Research And Development Corporation | Backup power supply charged by induction driven power supply for circuits accompanying portable heated container |
EP1571889A1 (de) * | 2004-03-03 | 2005-09-07 | Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. | Kochfeld mit kontakloser Mehrzweck-Vorrichtung |
US7396153B2 (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2008-07-08 | Andersson Per-Olof K | Ultraclean magnetic mixer |
DE102008054904A1 (de) * | 2008-12-18 | 2010-06-24 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Haushaltsgerät zur induktiven Energieübertragung |
EP2797463B1 (de) * | 2011-12-29 | 2016-03-02 | Arçelik Anonim Sirketi | Auf einem induktionsherd betriebenes drahtloses küchengerät |
ES2590428B1 (es) * | 2015-05-21 | 2017-09-07 | Bsh Electrodomésticos España, S.A. | Batería de cocción y sistema de cocción |
AT517723B1 (de) * | 2015-09-15 | 2017-06-15 | Fluxron Solutions Ag | Kochhilfsvorrichtung |
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2018
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