EP3610699A1

EP3610699A1 - Method and devices for contactlessly and directly heating liquids and solids

Info

Publication number: EP3610699A1
Application number: EP18717582.3A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Max DIETZ
Original assignee: Drei Lilien Pvg & Co KG GmbH
Current assignee: Drei Lilien Pvg & Co KG GmbH
Priority date: 2017-04-10
Filing date: 2018-04-10
Publication date: 2020-02-19
Also published as: WO2018189209A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for contactlessly and directly heating and/or controlling the temperature of liquids and/or solids in a controlled manner, said device being characterized by: - an electromagnetic power generator unit, comprising at least one high-frequency voltage generator, at least one high-frequency alternating current generator, at least one electromagnetic power generator consisting of at least one coil of an electric conductor and at least one ferrite, and at least one functional unit comprising at least one electromagnetic receiver, at least one regulating and control unit and/or at least one magnet- or electromagnet-based drive device, wherein the at least one ferrite consists of a base and at least one projection, and the electric conductor is wound around at least one part of the base and/or the at least one projection at least once, thereby forming a coil, and the electric conductor is coupled into at least one oscillating circuit with an oscillating circuit frequency between 10 Hz and 1 MHz of the at least one high-frequency alternating current generator, thereby generating an electromagnetic energy field in the region of the coil, said energy field being bundled by the at least one ferrite and being emitted in a power output region which is located opposite the base and, if more than one projection is present, opposite the base and in a region between the projections; and - an electromagnetic energy absorber element, comprising at least one electromagnetic energy absorber, at least one heat transfer element, and at least one functional unit, comprising at least one temperature measuring device, a high-frequency transmitter, a high-frequency induction coil, a magnet, a magnetizable material and/or a magnetizable coil, and/or a sensor for determining physical states, in particular temperature, pressure, and speed, wherein the electromagnetic energy absorber element is located in the electromagnetic near field and/or far field of the electromagnetic power generator of the electromagnetic power generator unit, and the planes of the electromagnetic power output region and the electromagnetic energy absorber are surface-parallel.

Description

Methods and apparatus for contactless direct heating

of liquids and solids

background

The heating or heating of liquids in a container can be done by an external source of energy in the form of an open flame or by an external electric-powered heat source. This requires that the container, which contains a liquid and / or a solid, has sufficient heat resistance, which usually requires a metallic container wall. Alternatively, an electric heat generator can be introduced into the container to be heated, for. In the form of an electrical resistance heater. The disadvantage here is that the heater must be connected inside the container with a line for power supply. With only temporarily required energy input, this may be impractical, z. B. because the container can not be properly closed by this. So it is impractical, z. As a soup or a hot drink, such as a coffee to keep warm with an immersion heater or keep it tempered.

In the aforementioned types of heating is also disadvantageous that in the region of the heat energy input is usually an undefined temperature, which often leads to a local overheating, which damages the liquid or contained in it components. So it comes without the additional means of mixing liquid to a local overheating in the field of energy input, which can lead to the undesirable changes in ingredients of the fluids, eg. B. denaturation of proteins.

It is therefore desirable to have a heating and tempering devices for liquids and / or fusible solids and / or solids in containers in which the heating takes place directly and thus directly and without contact in the liquid and in which it is not necessary, an energy conductor connection to have to produce outside, so on the one hand the container can be closed and on the other hand, any container can be used. It is furthermore desirable to have a method and / or a device by means of which, in addition to the aforementioned heating, mixing of the liquid and / or of the solid to be melted is also possible at the same time. Such a method or a device for this do not yet exist. Also unsatisfactory are processes according to the prior art for heating and temperature control of solids or solids. Here is a wide range of methods available, such as heating by means of a heat radiation source, hot air or contact with a heated pad. Common to this process is that they do not uniformly heat the solid and this depends strongly on the positioning of the solid to be heated. Furthermore, undesirable effects occur. So it comes for example. In the case of foods that are present as solids, dehydration and consistency changes of the solids very quickly. In all processes, local overheating effects easily occur.

By means of electromagnetic energy it is possible to heat metallic and some non-metallic compounds. This physical principle can be used to heat pots and pans made of metal to cook food. For this purpose, devices are known from the prior art, in which the heating principle is to introduce the metallic or non-metallic object to be heated into the electromagnetic field. However, the electromagnetic induction energy can also be used to a metallic object, which is located in the immediate vicinity of the induction plate to heat. According to this principle, induction hotplates work. The disadvantage of this is that specially suitable metallic containers are required for this application. While the use of such metallic containers in the form of pots and pans in the preparation of food due to their robustness are very suitable, the dependence of the heating principle of a metallic container in other applications is in turn disadvantageous. This is true for. As for the heating or keeping warm of small amounts of liquid, which are prepared for mobile consumption. These include in particular hot drinks, such as coffee or tea, which are filled for transport in containers for single use, which consist of plastics or cellulosic materials. A disadvantage of this transport form of hot drinks is that such drinks are initially too hot for immediate consumption, then for one, depending on the isolation of the container, short phase have an optimal consumption temperature and then, especially at smaller residual amount very quickly comes to a cooling , whereby such cooled drinks are associated with an unacceptable taste experience. As a result, in particular, hot drinks have to be drunk relatively quickly and completely in the temperature range acceptable for consumption, or a residual amount which has undergone unacceptable cooling is discarded. This problem could lead to the development of devices in which containers that are suitable in their form and function for mobile transport are equipped with a metallic area over which, by means of electromagnetic induction, a heating of this area and the liquid in the container , The disadvantage here would be that these containers, especially because of their material value, would not be provided as disposables. Hot drinks or other liquids, such as soups, which can be purchased at outlets, are issued for mobile transport in single use containers. Although these can be transferred into containers for inductive heating, this would be impractical, since it can lead to a spilling of the liquid, on the other hand, the volume of the vessels can not match and further characteristic beverage characteristics (eg, at a cafe Latte Macchiato) can be lost through the transfer. Therefore, it is desirable that the hot drink or a liquid for consumption that is already in a disposable unit remain therein but can still be kept warm or heated therein without requiring immersion of an external electric heat source. It is therefore the object of the following technical teaching and technical drawings to provide a method and devices with which by an electromagnetic energy source liquids and / or solids to be melted and / or solid in any containers contactlessly heated and / or tempered and / or mixed so that the use of special containers is not required.

description

Two forms can be distinguished for the heating and temperature control of liquids: direct and indirect. Indirect heating / tempering takes place by heating / tempering a container in which the liquid is located, by means of an externally located energy source, and by means of convection transferring the thermal energy to the liquid. The amount of energy required for this is always and usually much greater than the amount of energy needed to heat / temper the liquid, as part of the energy is not transferred. Another disadvantage is that when using a device that has a certain area of Heated container, it can come at very different amounts of liquid to be heated to the same temperature, at the interface between the heated container and the liquid to overheat, which can be recognized, for example, a formation of boiling bubbles. Thus, an adjustable surface temperature of the container used for heating / tempering can not be achieved by means of indirect heating / tempering processes for different amounts of liquid or different containers or heating powers.

A direct heating / tempering takes place by introducing a device for heating / temperature control into the liquid contained in a container and to be heated / tempered and connected to an external energy source. The available according to the prior art devices such. As an immersion heater, which are based on the principle of an electrical resistance heater, are not suitable to prevent local overheating of liquids and usually have only a small surface area. Furthermore, the need for a cable connection is a limitation for many applications.

The principle of inductive heating of metals and some nonmetals by an electromagnetic energy field is known in the art in many embodiments. In this case, a current flow, which takes place through an electrical conductor, generates a magnetic field in the form of field lines, which are aligned perpendicular to the direction of current flow. In an arrangement of the electrical conductor about an axis, there is an overlap of the electromagnetic field lines. This leads to an electro-magnetic eddy current in compounds which are able to adsorb electro-magnetic field lines, whereby in the case of electrically conductive and magnetisable compounds, recurring alignment processes take place, which thereby change into a thermal energy form. There is a high degree of energy efficiency of heat generation because no thermal energy is lost in the heating process.

It is known from the prior art that metals and metal compounds which can adsorb electromagnetic energy are suitable for this purpose. According to the prior art, copper and iron compounds are used for this purpose. The degree of heating in inductive heating is not measured in the prior art. This is unfavorable since, in an application in which a vessel is used for heating eg a liquid, local overheating may occur in the contact area of the inductively heated material and the liquid. Electromagnetic induction is used in many industrial sectors for heating, hardening, annealing, welding or brazing, etc. of metal pieces. Here, the material to be heated is within the electromagnetic field of an AC coil, ie the workpiece or areas of the workpiece are within a closed or semi-open coil or at least in some areas in the immediate vicinity of an open coil with round, semi-circular or even flattened shape. Due to the short range of the alternating electromagnetic field are applications in which an electromagnetic energy field for heating metallic or non-metallic compounds that adsorb electro-magnetic energy in the near field, ie within a few millimeters outside of the electromagnetic coil and where there are no Connection to portions of the coils are, or is not enclosed by the electromagnetic coil in parts, significantly less efficient. From the prior art, no method or apparatus is known, with which an energy-efficient direct heating / temperature control of liquids by means of inductive heating with continuous control of the temperature of the medium to be heated and the temperature at the interface between the inductively heated Body and the medium is present, and in which the inductively heated body is in the near or far field of an induction coil. In particular, no method or device is known in which this can be done without contact, ie without the need for a line-based contact with the medium to be heated / tempered. In particular, no method or device is known in which this takes place without contact and at the same time a mixing of the medium to be heated / tempered, while increasing the convection of the registered thermal energy can be done.

Surprisingly, it has been shown that it is possible and practicable to directly and controllably heat and temper liquids, fusible solids and / or solids in the electromagnetic near field and / or far field of an electromagnetic energy generator by the use of an induction current heating unit according to the invention.

It is therefore the object of this invention to provide a method and apparatus with which an adjustable and controllable heating of Energieaufnehmerelementen that are not in direct contact with an EM energy generator and outside a coil that generates an electromagnetic energy field, and are Thus, near and / or far field of an electromagnetic field energy can be done. The near field is preferably less than 5 mm, more preferably less than 4 mm and more preferably less than 3 mm away from the energy generator, while the far field is preferably at a distance to the energy generator of more than 10 cm, more preferably more than 4 cm and more preferably more than 5.1mm. For the term "electromagnetic" in the sequence also the abbreviation "EM" is used. With the method according to the invention, objects or compounds which can adsorb the applied electromagnetic energy and which are subsequently referred to as EM energy absorbers are heated / heated by the adsorption of the electromagnetic energy, which is passed through at least one separation layer to one or more energy generator (s). Electromagnetic energy (EM energy source) are separated and have only one or more points of entry to one or more EM energy provider (s) / have. Furthermore, the heating and temperature control of energy absorbers according to the invention can take place up to a contactless distance of at least 4 cm, more preferably of at least 6 cm and more preferably of at least 10 cm.

Preferred is a method in which the EM energy field of the near and far field of the energy emitter, which causes a measurable heating of an energy absorber, is in a range between 3 mm and 10 cm above the energy delivery surface of an EM energy generator.

Preference is given to methods and devices for direct and contactless induction current heating and / or induction current temperature control of liquids and / or fusible solids and / or solids, which are characterized by

a) at least one EM energy generator unit and b) at least one EM energy absorber element, which is located without contact in the electromagnetic near and / or far field of the EM energy generator unit.

Further preferred is a method for the direct and contactless induction current heating of liquids and / or fusible solids and / or solids, which is characterized by an EM energy generator unit and an EM energy absorber element, which is contactless in a liquid or a fusible solid in a container made of glass, ceramic, a plastic or cellulosic materials, which is located in the electromagnetic near and / or far field of the energy generator unit is located.

An advantage of the method is that a heating / tempering directly in a liquid or directly on a solid and thus can be done directly. In contrast to prior art methods, however, no line-based connection, e.g. B. for a power supply required, so that the process can be done without contact.

Preferred is a method for direct and contactless heating / temperature control of liquids and / or solids.

It has been found that the energetic and economic efficiency of induction current heating and / or induction current temperature control of liquids and / or fusible solids and / or solids can be significantly increased by various process elements or even makes applicability possible in the first place.

Ferritic materials consist of a cubic-body-centered lattice structure of pure iron and its mixed crystals. Workpieces made of ferritic material, referred to below as ferrite or ferrite body, are obtained by a sintering process. They have paramagnetic and / or ferromagnetic properties. Due to the very good adsorption of electromagnetic energy, they are used to shield electrical lines, which can reduce or eliminate emission of an electromagnetic energy field. Surprisingly, it has been found that ferrites are particularly suitable for generating and concentrating an electromagnetic energy field, whereby a directed delivery of the focused energy field in a near and far field of one is possible.

Preference is given to a method in which a generation and bundling of an electromagnetic energy field takes place with a ferrite, and an emission of the bundled energy field takes place in a near and far field.

It has been found that, in a suitable arrangement, the concentrated electromagnetic energy field is capable of inductively heating adsorption materials.

Preference is given to a method in which a ferrite for generating and bundling an electromagnetic energy field and emission of the bundled energy field is used and in which an inductive heating of an energy absorber takes place through the concentrated electromagnetic energy field into a near and far field.

Surprisingly, it has been found that by using a ferrite as the coil core for the generation and emission of an electromagnetic energy field, which allows inductive heating of an EM energy absorber in a near and far field of an EM energy generator, the length and the cross section of an electrical conductor, which is arranged in the form of a coil, itself significantly lower than a configuration of an electrical conductor used in the prior art for inductive heating. It has also been found that this can further improve the energy efficiency of the process.

Preferred is a method in which a ferrite is used as a coil core for the generation and emission of an electromagnetic energy field for inductive heating of an EM energy absorber in a near and far field of the EM energy generator. The use of an EM energy generator is a preferred process element.

In the following, EM energy generator, consisting of a ferrite and an electrical conductor, also referred to as RF induction coil.

Furthermore, it has surprisingly been found that further advantageous effects arise from the arrangement of the material or components with which a preferred adsorption of the electromagnetic energy, which is applied in a near and far field of an EM energy generator, as well as a conversion into thermal energy, can be enabled.

It has been found that films and / or thin slices of adsorbent materials, which are connected via a thermally conductive bonding layer, which does not lead to the adsorption of electromagnetic energy, with a suitable material for heat release, creating an adsorption-free gap space, for an energy-efficient process execution are particularly well suited.

Preference is given to a method in which an adsorption of electromagnetic energy and its conversion into thermal energy in a near and far field of an EM energy donor by films and / or thin slices of adsorbent materials by means of a thermally conductive, but not electromagnetic energy adsorbing material a heat transfer body are connected. The use of films and discs of adsorbent material is an essential process element.

The invention is therefore based on various process elements, which lead to the embodiment of the invention and to particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention. In this case, the method elements according to the invention, inventive materials / components, and inventive arrangements of the materials / components and the integrative function / function control of the materials / components.

Another aspect of the invention, or another method element relates to the arrangement of the components of the energy generator unit and the Energieaufnehmerelements.

By an inventive arrangement of the components for inductive heating previously unknown effects in the implementation of an electromagnetic field and an associated control can be achieved. As a result, several functionalities can be achieved side by side or simultaneously and an improvement in energy efficiency. Moreover, the method may be practiced without physical contact between the EM energy generator unit, which is outside of a liquid medium, and an EM energy pickup element that is in a liquid medium.

Detailed description

The inventive method and the hereby ausgestaltetbaren devices for direct and contactless induction current heating and / or Induktionsstromtemperierung of liquids and / or fusible solids and / or solids, hereinafter referred to as Induction current heating unit to be referred to, include the 2 main process elements, or main components: 1. EM energy generator unit and 2. EM Energieaufnehmerelement. In the following, they are singularized, but one or both of the main components or other components may also be present in 2 or more times in an induction current heating unit.

The direct heating / heating of an EM energy absorber element according to the invention is effected by an electromagnetic energy field which is provided by an EM energy generator unit. In the simplest embodiment, the latter consists of a conductor of electromagnetic energy (core) and a coil wound therefrom of an electrically conductive material / wire (coil). In the following, this arrangement is also referred to as RF coil. Such an arrangement can both generate and adsorb electromagnetic energy. Therefore, for clarity, hereinafter an arrangement of a core and a coil according to the present invention with which an electromagnetic energy field is generated and emitted will be called an EM energy generator, and such an arrangement with which an electromagnetic energy field is adsorbed and converted into an electric energy will be described HF induction coil referred to or induction current generator, if in addition electronic components for generating a DC voltage present, or are connected thereto. The required for heating / heating of the energy absorber electromagnetic energy field is produced by the RF coil of the EM energy generator is supplied with a high-frequency electrical AC voltage, d. H. is coupled in an RF voltage resonant circuit and closes it. The resulting magnetic field of the RF coil generates an eddy current in / at the core, which bundles and directs the electromagnetic energy field and thus becomes the electro-magnetic conductor. As a result, the electromagnetic energy field required for energy transmission arises at the pole ends of the electromagnetic conductor.

The core material that can be used for an EM energy generator can in principle be any element or compound that allows conductivity of electro-magnetic energy. Preference is given to materials that allow the induction of an eddy current and thereby have a low heating of the material (power loss). The compounds may consist of or include the following elements, such as silver, copper, gold, iron, aluminum, brass, chromium, stainless steel, lead, tungsten, tin, zinc, gadolinium or indium. It has been found that ferritic material can be used in a very advantageous manner as the conductor of an electromagnetic energy field. In a preferred embodiment, ferrites are used as the core material. Also preferred are ferrites with additives, such as manganese-zinc ferrites (Mn _a Zn (i_ _a ) Fe ₂ 0 ₄ ) or nickel-zinc ferrites (Ni _a Zn (i_ _a ) Fe ₂ 0 ₄ ). The core can in principle have any shape. Preferred is a straight rod shape. More preferred is a U-shape of a rod, tube or molding. Further particularly preferred are molded parts with an E-shape or so-called shell cores. Most preferred is an arrangement of shell cores with protrusions consisting of ducts or webs or cylindrical or polygonal, with different diameters, and which can be provided with the same or each with a different coil. In a particularly preferred embodiment, such an arrangement is achieved by ferrite moldings. Particular preference is given to ferrites which have at least one base and one projection.

Preference is given to coil cores which have a layer-like or shell-like arrangement. Preference is given to EM energy generators which have a plurality of core coils.

Preference is given to EM energy donors whose core material is a ferrite.

The electrical conductor of the coil is preferably made of a material which has a high electrical conductivity, at the same time low resistance in the passage of a high-frequency alternating current. The metals are preferably silver, copper, aluminum or compounds with these metals. Particularly preferred is copper. The electrical conductor can be made as a wire or tape or foil. There is no electrical contact between the core and the coil. In a preferred embodiment, the electrical conductor is sheathed with a preferably thin insulating layer. Particularly preferred is a jacket with an insulating varnish. In a preferred embodiment, the insulated wires are grouped into bundles which may be in parallel arrangement or intertwined. Such materials are also known as HF stranded wire.

The coil may consist of a wrap of the electrical conductor or of a plurality of convolutions arranged one above the other. The material thickness of the conductor and the Umwindungszahl depend on the application and are to be aligned to the strength of the required electro-magnetic energy field. For use, the conductor is connected to both ends of the RF alternator.

Preferred is the use of an EM energy generator having a core of a ferrite and a coil of an RF strand.

One aspect of the invention relates to the improvement of the energy efficiency of an inductive heating / heating process possible by a preferred method embodiment. Thus, it was found, on the one hand, that a higher thermal energy input into one of the EM energy sensor elements according to the invention using identical setting parameters of a high-frequency current generator with a method embodiment according to the invention, than is possible with a device and a method according to the prior art. It has been found that the spatial arrangement of the elements / components of the EM energy generator is of great importance.

Thus, it has been found that using a coil core, high transmission power of electromagnetic energy has been achieved when it is made of a ferritic material and when one or more strip (s) / land (s) / ing (s) are used to the at least one electrical conductor was wound 1 time or were surrounded by half or full shells of a ferritic material, parts of a shell or the base with at least one turn of an electrical conductor. The high energy transfer performance was carried out via the end surface plane of the one or the plurality of strip (s) / web (s) / ring (s), which in the case of a shell or the presence of a base on the opposite side of the shell bottom or the base plane is / are located, as far as an arrangement of the EM energy absorber existed that a possible surface parallel alignment to the end surface plane, which is also the EM energy release level, was present. Furthermore, it could be shown that the energy transfer performance could thereby be increased by at least 100% compared to a test setup with the same electrical conductor and an identically shaped winding and orientation of this winding, but without using a ferritic material, using the identical settings of the energy generator unit , It was then found that the transmittable amount of energy disproportionately compared to one identical arrangement of an electrical conductor, but without the use of a ferritic component, can be increased by the electrical conductor describes more than one turn around one or more of the strips / webs / rings and / or portions of a shell, provided that they are made of a ferritic material consist. It has also been found that the spatial orientation of the one or more RF coil (s), which in a ferrite body, such as a shell core, has no effect on the amount of energy that can be emitted in the energy delivery range of the EM energy generator. It has then also been found that even when using fewer such turns of one or more electrical conductors, no further increase in the amount of transmissible electromagnetic energy can be achieved. Therefore, the required length of the electric conductor required for carrying out the inventive process execution can be reduced to a minimum while improving the transmission of electromagnetic energy, which is particularly converted into heat energy. It has been shown that it is sufficient in most applications, if preferably <20, more preferably <15, more preferably <12, more preferably <10, more preferably <8 and even more preferably <6 turns of an electrical conductor by at least one (n) bar / web / ring and / or a shell portion of a shell core of the coil are placed.

Preference is given to a method in which an electrical conductor with <than 20 turns is placed around at least one strip / web / ring and / or a shell portion of a shell core, or a base of the ferrites of the EM energy generator.

Various arrangements of EM energy sources compared to coils used in prior art induction hobs have been investigated. Such coils consist of a flat and spirally arranged winding of a multifilament copper wire strand with a wire cross-sectional diameter between 2.5 and 5 mm ² . The wire cross-section diameter of such coils was greater than that of the electrical conductor in the EM energy sources. The EM energy generator according to the invention had a significantly smaller diameter, which accounted for only 1/3 of the surface of the energy absorber. The EM energy generator according to the invention consisted of ferrite pot cores, which had an E-type or as a closed shell core with one or more herein projections in the form of one / more strips / webs (s) or rings (n) were present. Experiments were carried out with 1 to 4 turns of a copper wire with a cross section between 0.1 and 1.2 mm ² , which were arranged around a central, aligned perpendicular to the base web or ring. In this case, the EM energy generator according to the invention was aligned surface parallel to the EM energy absorber, wherein the scope EM energy generator was completely covered by a part of the EM energy absorber. The distances between the EM energy sources and the EM energy absorber were varied. It was found that in such an arrangement in which the length of the electrical conductor was 70% smaller and the cross-sectional area of the copper wire was> 50% lower than that in the conventional coil and the energy transfer area was 25% of that of a conventional coil , a higher amount of electromagnetic energy that has been converted into heat energy has been transmitted.

It is known from the prior art that it is also concluded in a load-free HF resonant circuit of an electrical voltage which is conducted via an electrical conductor, resulting in an energy loss, which is also referred to as "internal power loss." The internal power dissipation can be determined be determined by a determination of the flowing current of the HF voltage transmitter is recorded during an unloaded operation of an RF resonant circuit with an electrical conductor. The extent of internal power dissipation depends on numerous factors, such as the geometry of the electrical conductor or the excitation frequency of the resonant circuit and must be determined individually. It has also been found that the internal power dissipation can also change during transmission of an electromagnetic energy field with respect to the internal power loss that exists without transmission of an electromagnetic energy amount. This became clear in studies to calculate the total energy used to heat a liquid through inductive heating devices. From the calculated difference of the calculated energy demand required for the heating of a liquid and the actually required amount of energy consumed by the energy transmitter unit, taking into account the respective internal power dissipation which existed and was determined without transmission of electromagnetic energy , recognizes that the proportion of energy consumed but not transmitted to an energy user and converted to thermal energy has been significantly increased in a prior art process implementation, while this has not been the case for electromagnetic energy transmission , which was carried out with a device according to the invention. In a method embodiment of the method according to the invention, it has been found that the proportion of the internal loss line is reduced even during a transmission of electromagnetic energy. In this respect, by a transmission according to the invention of electromagnetic energy, with the same energy consumption of the EM energy generator unit compared to a method according to the prior art, a larger proportion of energy transferred and converted into a thermal energy form.

Preferred is a method in which the internal power dissipation is not increased or decreased during transmission of electromagnetic energy by an EM energy generator.

Preferred is a method in which the energy efficiency is increased in an inductive heating.

Preferred is a method for reducing the internal loss line of an electrical RF resonant circuit.

Corresponding to an increase in internal power dissipation during transmission of electromagnetic energy, these prior art induction current devices have experienced heating of the coil, or reel wire, which was also significantly greater than a temperature increase associated with transmission electromagnetic energy, using an EM energy generator according to the invention occurred.

It has also been found that bundling of the electromagnetic energy field is achieved with an EM energy generator produced according to the invention, wherein the radiation plane is parallel to the plane of completion of a / a bar / web / ring of the ferrite, in which at least one wrap of an electrical conductor is executed is, or is located parallel to the surface of the opposite side of a shell core. It could be determined that more than 90% of the electromagnetic energy generated by the EM energy generator emanates from the radiation plane or is emitted and can be adsorbed by an energy absorber in the near and far field of the EM energy generator and converted into thermal energy , A bundling of the electromagnetic energy field can be achieved, in particular, if a ferrite body / ferrite component, comprising a base and a projection projecting therefrom, whose lateral boundary is an angle of 45 to 135 ° to the base describes exists. As a projection, hereinabove, a protrusion originating from the level of the base of the ferrite body / ferrite member is referred to. This can have any geometry. Preferred are geometric shapes in the sense of a (s) bar / web / ring. The projection according to the invention preferably has a minimum height above the level of the base of 1 mm and preferably a maximum height of 10 cm. A base may have any geometry, such as a disk or a block. Preferred is a flat embodiment in the sense of a plate or disc. This may have any surface geometry, preferably a round or square-cornered design. Advantageously, the base can also be made in the surface geometry that is to correspond to the geometry of the desired electromagnetic energy field in an individual application. It has been found that when an RF coil describes at least one turn around the base or protrusion, the beneficial effect of focusing the emitted electromagnetic energy field occurs and the collimated electromagnetic energy field is emitted from the region of the protrusion.

It has also been found that bundling can also be produced in particular by the fact that a ferrite / ferrite component consists of a base and at least 2 protrusions, which depart from the same side of the base at an angle between 45 and 135 ° from the base, and at least a portion of the base or outgoing cantilever is / are enclosed at least once by the RF coil. It has been found that the bundling of an electromagnetic energy field can be further increased if the base of a ferritic body / component is designed in the form of a shell. Further, an improvement in the bundling of the electromagnetic energy field could be documented by one or more protrusions (s) emerging from the base at an angle of 45 to 135 degrees from a base and located within a half shell or a solid shell. The protrusions referred to herein are preferably ledges or ridges or rings or other shaped protrusions extending from the base. In particular, an increase in a bundled electromagnetic energy transfer power has been found when an RF coil was placed around one or more of the cantilever (s). It has been found that there is a concentration of the electromagnetic energy emitted in the portion of the ferrite body / ferrite member bounded by the projections within which the base and / or one of the projections is wound around a coil at least once. In such an arrangement, the radiation plane of the electromagnetic energy field is located on the opposite side to the base. The electromagnetic energy field is located outside of the ferritic component.

The top of the highest outgoing from the base highest projection represents thereby the beginning of the near field of the EM energy generator.

Therefore, an EM energy generator is preferred, consisting of a ferrite, wherein at least one / a bar / web / ring, in the sense of a projection / extension, which is preferably arranged perpendicular to a base, and at least one (e) further (r ) Strip / web / ring, preferably with a vertical arrangement, is connected to the base / are. In the simplest case, it is a U-shape. More preferred is an E-type. Further preferred is a partially closed shell design. Even more preferred are half shells with an enclosing, with respect to the base vertical boundary within which at least one / a bar / web / ring is arranged. The Area which is located between the outer vertical boundaries of a base of the ferrite and on the opposite side to the base, is the radiating surface. The emerging at the radiating surface electromagnetic energy field describes, for example, a rectangular to oval exit surface in a U- or E-design and a round exit surface in a round shell core. The outer vertical boundary of the base can have any geometry, which is for example round or square. It is preferred that on the basis of 2 or more strips / webs / rings, which are arranged in the same manner as described above, are present. Preferred are coil core shells with a closed, ie not interrupted by a recess base and a closed shell edge or in which the base, partially open and / or the shell edge is partially open, in which a bundling of electromagnetic energy, which is located through a within the coil core RF coil is generated, and preferably> 75%, more preferably> 80%, more preferably> 85%, more preferably> 90%, more preferably> 95% and even more preferably> 98% of the generated electromagnetic energy field from the radiating surface enters a near and / or far field. Preference is given to coil shell cores for bundling an electromagnetic energy field and its provision in a near and / or far field, the EM energy generator.

Preference is given to a method in which, by means of a ferrite coil shell core, bundling of an electromagnetic energy field, which is generated by means of an electrical HF oscillating circuit, takes place and> 75% of the energy output of the electromagnetic energy field is emitted by the exit surface of the coil core shell.

This results in extremely advantageous effects for the process execution and the energy efficiency of the process. As a result, very small and compact EM energy generator can be provided for the process implementation. By bundling the electro-magnetic energy field, the length of the electrical conductor can be further shortened, whereby the internal power loss can be further reduced. Geometries of the radiated electromagnetic energy field can be set up, which can be optimally adapted to a design of an EM energy transmitter unit and / or an EM energy receiver unit, or can be tuned thereto. In particular, this makes it possible to transmit the amount of electromagnetic energy on a very small area.

Preferred is a method in which an electromagnetic energy field is focused and emitted into a near / far field and is adsorbed by an EM energy absorber in the bundled form in the near / far field and converted into a thermal energy. Preferred is a process embodiment in which the EM energy absorber is in a liquid medium. A device is preferred in which an electromagnetic energy field is focused and emitted into the near / far field and is adsorbed by an EM energy absorber in the bundled form in the near / far field of the EM energy generator and converted into thermal energy.

In another preferred embodiment, the EM energy generator consists of only one coil. This can have only one turn in the simplest case. In this embodiment, the EM energy delivery region is located predominantly in the region of the coil, so that in this case a container or a part of a container in which the energy absorption element is located is enclosed by the coil. In another preferred embodiment, an energy generator is used which consists of a core and an RF coil as described above. In addition, the RF coil continues over the energy delivery surface of the core or becomes another RF coil arranged above the energy delivery surface of the core. In this case, it is advantageous if the container or part of the container in which the energy receiving element is located, the energy delivery range is approximated and is simultaneously enclosed by the RF coil.

The above-described embodiments of the energy generator are part of an EM energy generator unit, also referred to below as the EM energy delivery unit, which in the simplest case is composed of an EM energy transmitter, an HF alternating voltage generator and a voltage transmitter, together with the electrical connection.

The EM energy generator unit includes a high frequency (RF) AC generator of the prior art. The AC frequency should be adjustable between 10 kHz and 5 MHz. Preferably, alternating frequency ranges are between 10 and 1,000 kHz, more preferably between 50 and 750 kHz, and most preferably between 80 and 450 kHz.

The EM energy generator unit also includes a voltage generator / power supply for providing the electrical voltage of the HF alternator. The power supply and the HF alternator are electrically connected to each other, there are also connections to a module for measurement and control technology, about which the setting parameters, such as voltage and maximum possible current flow (A) / power consumption (W) can be set. The power consumption can be between 1 W and 10 kW, preferably between 10 W and 4000 W, more preferably between 20 W and 1000 W and more preferably between 30 W and 500 W. The voltage and current to be applied depend on the strength of the electromagnetic field to be induced and are to be determined for the individual application and specification of the EM energy generator.

As a voltage generator, a known from the prior art DC generator, with a direct current from a primary AC power source with defined voltage and current is converted, are taken.

In a preferred embodiment, the energy generator unit contains a device for receiving and transforming radio signals, referred to hereinafter as RF radio receivers, which are preferably located in the radio frequency range (RF). The RF radio receiver unit may be composed of an RF radio antenna and an associated RF radio receiver of the prior art. The terms RF radio receiver and RF radio receiver unit are also used synonymously herein. The object of this radio receiver unit is to convert the temperature readings sent via the radio transmitter of the EM energy pickup element, but also other measured values, into a digital or analog signal and to use it for a measuring and control technique that takes place in the module for measurement and control technology close. The signal output is connected to the measuring and control module described below.

Preferred is an EM energy delivery unit which includes a device for receiving RF radio signals for transmitting the measured with the EM Energieaufnehmerelement temperatures and / or other measured values.

The use of the measured temperature values transmitted via an RF radio signal of the EM energy absorption element and / or other measured values for a control technique of the EM energy generator unit is preferred. In a further preferred embodiment, the EM energy generator unit comprises a measurement and control technology. In a preferred embodiment, this has the task to control the amount of energy that is emitted from the RF voltage generator to the RF AC generator and / or from this to the EM energy generator. Preferably, this can be used to ensure and monitor an adjustment of the temperature to be achieved with the EM energy absorber in the liquid or solid to be heated. This object is achieved by using a module for measurement and control technology from the prior art. For this purpose, the module for measurement and control technology is preferably connected electrically between the RF voltage generator and the HF AC generator. In one embodiment, the temperature (s) measured by one or more temperature sensors of the EM energy sensing element (s), e.g. As the liquid or the solid to be melted or the EM-Energieaufnehmers, which was transmitted for example by RFID to the radio receiver unit (s), passed to the module for measurement and control technology. The measurement and adjustment parameters are transmitted via an electrical connection to a display unit, in the form of a digital or analog signal. Such display units are known in the art and z. B. in the form of an LED display available. The display unit may be mounted on the outside of the energy transmitter unit or in the course of the power supply or to an external operating voltage generator.

In a further particularly advantageous embodiment, the temperature to be reached or kept constant or the temperature range can be adjusted by the module for measuring and control technology and the temperature setting can be made by this automated. Such modules are known in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the visual display unit is provided with a digital or manual control. The task of this control is to be able to make setpoint settings of different parameters. The control is electrically connected to the module for measurement and control technology. Examples of such controls are known to those skilled in the art. Which parameters can be set depends on which components were included in the EM energy receiving element as well as in the EM energy delivery unit. In a preferred embodiment, it is possible to regulate at least the temperature of the liquid / solid in which the EM energy absorption element is located and / or at least the temperature of the EM energy absorption element and / or at least the rotational frequency of the energy absorber. It is particularly advantageous if additional parameters for a processor-controlled regulation of the energy output of the energy generator can be set. Thus, it may be advantageous to limit the temperature which is to be present in the interior or on an outer surface of the EM energy absorbing element or to limit it to minimum and maximum values and / or to set a defined temperature. It is also advantageous to determine the increase in the temperature of the liquid / article to be heated with the EM energy sensor, as well as the temperature to be reached or maintained. Furthermore, a control of the rotational speed of the EM energy absorption element is particularly advantageous. In this case, it is particularly advantageous if conditions or time and function sequence protocols dependent on the setting parameters can be predetermined and controlled by an integrative control technique. Examples of the control parameters are the duration of the energy output, protocols for the temperature profile, minimum and maximum temperature values. Preference is given to an EM energy delivery unit with a measurement and control technology that adjusts the EM energy release in a feedback-controlled manner. The control unit, consisting of the measuring and control module and the control element and the display unit, then regulates the power supply for the EM energy generator in dependence of predetermined or adjustable temperature ranges. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the EM energy output of the EM energy generator can be regulated so that preset temperature values that are to be present at the EM energy receiver and / or the heat transfer body and / or the surrounding liquid can be set (desired temperature).

Preference is given to an EM energy delivery unit, which has a measurement and control technology for the automated adjustment of the EM energy release and for adjusting the temperature of the liquid to be heated / heated and / or a solid.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the EM energy delivery unit includes a magnetic rotation device for generating a movable magnetic field. The object of the movable magnetic field is to magnetically bond magnetic or magnetizable regions of the EM energy-receiving element and the EM energy receiving element, for. B. in the form of a rotation to move. In one embodiment, this is accomplished by a mechanical magnetic rotation device in which one or more magnets or magnetizable regions are mechanically circularly moved. For this purpose, permanent magnets or induction magnets can be used. The poles should be located just under the bearing surface for the receptacle housing the energy absorbing element. Since an increase in the distance between the energy generator and the container bearing surface leads to a deterioration in the efficiency of the electromagnetic energy transmission, it is advantageous to place the magnets or magnetizable regions to be used for the movement of the EM energy absorption element around the EM energy generator. If a permanent magnet is used, it can be used in a C-shape with the center of the axis of rotation at the geometric center of the EM energy delivery area and the pole ends directed against the bearing surface of that area. As the EM energy delivery range herein is meant the range that is above the range of the EM energy donor that is effectively usable for electro-magnetic energy delivery. In one embodiment, the pole ends frame the EM energy generator and the center piece, which may also consist of a non-magnet, is located below the energy generator. The magnetic device, which is rotatably mounted on a bearing at the center of the axle, is then rotated by means of an electrical drive unit using techniques known from the prior art. The electric drive is connected via a cable system with the control unit and a DC generator. This is where the power supply and the controller take place.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the magnetic rotation of the energy absorbing element is effected by an electromagnetic rotating device in which a movable electromagnetic field is produced by electromagnets. Such can be achieved by a geometric arrangement of electromagnets, which are driven in alternating sequence. Such devices are known in the art and preferably have at least 3, more preferably at least 4, and more preferably at least 5 magnetic coils whose pole pieces have a concentric arrangement around the EM energy generator. The solenoids are equipped with a control unit located inside or outside the EM Energy delivery unit can be located, connected by a cable plant. On the one hand, this control unit supplies direct current for the magnet coils and, on the other hand, ensures a consecutive actuation of the magnet coils. In this case, preferably rectangular pulses are delivered to the magnetic coils. In the described embodiments, the pole shoes are preferably aligned towards the EM energy delivery region of the energy delivery unit. It is preferred that the pole pieces be placed outside the EM energy delivery area, around the EM energy generator, under the support surface for a container. In a further preferred embodiment, passage openings for receiving previously-mentioned pole shoes, which are placed therein and terminate with the surface of the EM energy generator, are located in the EM energy transmitter. These passage openings are arranged so that hereby a rotating magnetic field is made possible.

In a further particularly advantageous embodiment, the rotational frequency of the energy absorber / energy absorption element can be adjusted with the control unit. An adjustment preferably takes place via a digital display and preferably with the same display with which the temperature is also controlled and monitored. Setting parameters here are, for example, the revolution frequency, protocols for revolution frequency patterns, including the minimum and maximum frequencies or the duration of the operation.

Preference is given to EM energy delivery units, with a device for generating a mechanically or electronically moved magnetic field.

Preferably, the use of a movable magnetic field generated by an EM energy generator unit for rotation of one or more EM Energieaufnehmerelement (s).

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a direct-current power source is used to supply energy to the electromagnetic energy generator unit. It may be z. B. to a power source in a motor vehicle or an electronic device such. A computer. Suitable electrical connections are known to the person skilled in the art.

In a further preferred embodiment, the power supply terminal of the energy generator is designed in the form of a standardized plug-in contact, so that either a power supply terminal that connects to a DC voltage source, as well as a power supply terminal that allows connection to an AC power source can be made. When connected to an AC power source is directed to a DC voltage known from the prior art direct current generator, which may be located directly on the connector or in the course of the conductor cable.

In a preferred embodiment, the housing of the energy transmitter unit consists of a plastic which is known from the prior art. Examples of these are acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Housing can be produced by known casting and molding techniques.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the outer casing shape is cylindrical. In this case, the diameter is preferably 0.2 mm, more preferably 1.0 mm and more preferably 1.5 mm smaller than the diameter of a cup or Behälteraufnehmers, which is in a motor vehicle of any make and any car brand or of a truck. As a result, in a particularly advantageous manner, the energy transmitter unit can be placed in beverage holder depressions so that it can not slip.

Containers for holding liquids, such as paper cups for hot drinks, often have, for Purpose of spacing the vessel bottom to rest a circumferential edge extraction in the extension of its outer shell, hereinafter referred to as Bodenabstandshalter. In a further preferred embodiment, the housing of the EM energy generator unit is shaped such that it protrudes wholly or partly into the depression formed by such a bottom spacer so that there is direct contact between the upper boundary of the housing of the EM energy delivery unit and the container bottom , This reduces a loss of inductive energy. In addition, the stability of the erected container is increased. Preferred is an EM energy delivery unit having an outer shape that allows for direct contact therebetween and a vessel bottom on which the EM energy acceptor element is located. Also preferred are EM energy delivery units which have a topside shape that corresponds to an inverse mold imprint of disposable cups and containers.

In other preferred embodiments, the EM energy delivery unit may have any shape and dimension determined by the location of use and the energy delivery capacity. When using the induction current heating unit for heating and tempering liquids in analytical, biological or chemical laboratories, a flat shape configured in a round or square geometry is preferred. Rectangular geometries are advantageous in particular when a plurality of EM energy delivery units are integrated in a common housing in order to simultaneously and / or independently heat and, if necessary, move EM energy absorption elements. In other advantageous applications, such as the heating and tempering of storage vessels or frying containers, where a large amount of energy must be provided by the energy delivery unit and / or the use of large forms of the energy absorption element to be used, it may be necessary, the contact surface to be heated container to choose as big as the container itself is. In a preferred embodiment, the construction height of the EM energy delivery unit is to be limited to the requirements, preferably to a height of <10 cm, more preferably <8 cm and more preferably <3 cm. This can be achieved by arranging several EM energy donors or EM energy donor systems next to each other. In these cases, one or more EM energy absorption element (s) can be inserted into the container to be heated. When used for mobile food preparation, it is advantageous if the bearing surface of the EM energy dispensing unit is large enough to accommodate one or more commercial cooking pots. The housing should ensure sufficient stability, eg. B. by the use of a metallic floor and border area and the use of a ceramic plate for the container installation. This device is particularly suitable for containers made of cellulose, plastic, ceramic or glass. The use of the induction current heating unit for heating and / or tempering hot beverages and ready meals is preferred.

Preference is given to a method in which none of the surfaces of the EM energy delivery unit and of the EM energy absorption element touch and the EM energy absorption element is located in a liquid and / or solid to be heated and / or tempered, which is present in a container, that does not adsorb the electromagnetic energy field of the energy transmitter unit. Preference is given to a method in which the heating and / or temperature control of hot drinks and ready meals is carried out in containers made of cellulose, plastic, ceramic or glass of an induction current heating unit. The EM energy absorber element according to the invention preferably consists of at least 2 of the following components which are to be arranged in a preferred arrangement:

- EM energy absorber

- Heat transfer body

- HF induction current generator

- F-radio transmitter

- Function element / functional unit

In this case, one or more of the components can also be contained / arranged several times. More preferred are EM energy acceptor elements containing at least 3 of the aforementioned components, more preferred are EM energy acceptor elements that are at least 4 of the aforementioned components, and most preferred are EM energy acceptor elements that contain all of the aforementioned components.

The EM energy absorber as referred to herein refers to an area / section in which adsorption of electromagnetic energy, an applied electromagnetic energy field, occurs and this is converted into thermal energy. The applied electromagnetic energy field herein is the energy field provided by one of the EM delivery units of the present invention. Since electromagnetic energy fields that have arisen due to a different excitation, physically different, which is suitable for adsorption of an applied electromagnetic field and its conversion into a thermal energy material that allows an optimum of adsorption and conversion to determine under the given process conditions.

The pure substances and combinations which are suitable in principle include silver, copper, gold, iron, magnetized iron, aluminum, brass, chromium, stainless steel, lead, tungsten, tin, zinc, nickel, gadolinium, indium, cobalt, chromium, vanadium, molybdenum or other elements or compounds without being limited thereto. Furthermore, admixtures can be contained which do not adsorb electromagnetic energy.

The aforementioned compounds can be used in various aggregate forms. These can be present in the form of very small particles, granules in free or complexed form, but also be joined together by sintering, pressing or fusion methods to form compact structures. When using magnetic-wave adsorbing particles, they can be introduced into any matrix. Such a z. B. be liquid, such as an oil, or in particulate form. More preferred is a complexation that makes intimate contact with the non-magnetic wave adsorbing compounds to ensure good heat transfer. This can be z. B. by introducing the magnetic wave adsorbing compounds in a solution with organic monomers and subsequent initialization of a polymerization reaction.

Surprisingly, it was found in further investigations that an adsorption of the electromagnetic energy, which was generated by an inventive arrangement of the materials / components of the EM energy generator as an electromagnetic energy field, by Films or thin slices of adsorbent materials of the EM energy absorber is possible and thereby heat them. This was the case in particular for foils or thin panes consisting of aluminum, graphite and tinplate.

As set forth below, this property of an EM energy absorber according to the invention can be used for a highly advantageous embodiment of the method. As already explained, it could be shown that, by means of the arrangement of the elements / components according to the invention, by means of bundling an electromagnetic energy field, transmission of electromagnetic energy into a near / far field can be ensured, which takes place on a very small area. The preferred near / far field is in a liquid medium. In one embodiment, the preferred transfer surface <5cm ^2, more preferably <3cm ^3, more preferably <1cm. ² It has been found that the arrangement and use of an inventive EM energy absorber consisting of one or more films or thin disks is outstandingly suitable for the adsorption of the bundled electromagnetic energy field. The adsorption materials which are preferred for the method embodiment have an outstanding thermal conductivity in one of the configurations or arrangement forms according to the invention. In this case, films of natural graphite by far the highest lateral thermal conductivity, which is preferably> 100 W / (mK), more preferably 150 W / (mK), more preferably> 200 W / (mK). In contrast, the lateral heat conductivity of a tinplate is considerably lower. In a preferred embodiment, the films / sheets according to the invention, which are used for adsorption and conversion of an electromagnetic energy field, are arranged in such a way that optimum adsorption of the electromagnetic energy field as well as conversion into thermal energy and optimal lateral heat conduction takes place. For this purpose, an aluminum foil or a tinplate is preferably combined with a graphite foil or graphite plate. In this case, it is preferable to position the graphite foil / plate on the side facing the heat-transfer body, or to join it with the thermally conductive composite material, which produces a gap formation to the heat-releasing body, and heat-conductively.

Preference is given to an EM energy absorption element, in which at least one film / disk consisting of aluminum or tinplate is combined / connected with at least one film / disk consisting of graphite.

Surprisingly, it has been shown that with the arrangement according to the method, further extremely advantageous effects result. Thus, it has been found that the thermal conductivity capacity achievable with graphite foils or graphite plates is excellent for rapidly conducting and releasing the thermal energy generated at / with the EM energy absorber to all areas of a heat transfer body that are at a significant spatial distance to the EM energy absorber or to the location of the adsorption of the electromagnetic energy and conversion into thermal energy can be located. The spatial distance referred to herein is preferably> 1 cm, more preferably> 3 cm, more preferably> 5 cm, even more preferably> 10 cm and even more preferably> 15 cm. It has been found that, in particular, thin and therefore very flexible graphite foils are very well suited for directing the heat generated to areas remote from the place of generation of the heat energy and to deliver it here to a surrounding medium. For example, it has been shown that when a flexible graphite foil having a heat conduction velocity of 125 W / (mK) and an area of 20 cm was placed in a water tank and heated in a portion of 1.5 cm ^{2 in the present} invention A rapid warming of the water was carried out, with currents of 3 - 5 A of the current flow within the RF resonant circuit were measured. There was no local overheating, especially in the area of the conversion of the electromagnetic energy into thermal energy, which was also evident from the fact that there was no formation of boiling bubbles here. In further investigations it could be documented by means of a thermocamera that nonetheless an adsorption of the electromagnetic energy takes place only on a small area, a surface heating of EM energy absorbers consisting in particular of foils (aluminum, tinplate or graphite) takes place. Such films allowed for rapid lateral heat transfer and were heated in a liquid medium as a whole workpiece, although the energy transfer was limited to a range that made up about 30% of the total area of the films.

It has been found that depending on the excitation frequency of the RF AC circuit and the magnetic field strength, the materials suitable for adsorbing the electromagnetic energy have different adsorptive behavior. Thus, for each of the suitable adsorption materials, an optimum of the adsorption could be represented, which was recognizable by achieving the highest power output of the RF voltage generator. This varied for different material thicknesses of the investigated adsorption materials as well as for different examination conditions. Furthermore, it could be shown that some of the materials (eg aluminum or graphite) achieved an optimum due to the superimposition of individual thin foils, whereby a higher adsorption performance was achieved than through a foil / disk having a material thickness equal to the sum of the Material thicknesses of the individual films / discs corresponded. Thus, by superimposing 2 or more films and / or disks of the same or a different material thickness or different adsorption materials, it is possible to increase the degree of efficiency of a transmission of electromagnetic energy. In particular, by an inventive arrangement of the adsorption materials, the degree of efficiency in the adsorption of the electromagnetic energy and conversion of the electromagnetic energy into a heat energy can be increased.

Preference is given to a process in which the EM energy absorber is produced from one or more films / disks of one or more adsorption materials which allow adsorption of electromagnetic energy.

A device is preferred in which EM energy receivers consist of one or more films / disks of one or more adsorption materials which enable adsorption of electromagnetic energy.

Surprisingly, it has been shown that by materials or material components which have very good adsorption properties for electromagnetic energy fields known from the prior art, adsorb in a test arrangement according to the invention only a small proportion of the amount of electromagnetic energy, which are ensured by an inventive arrangement of the adsorptive materials can. In particular, it has been shown that with an arrangement according to the invention of an EM energy generator and an EM energy absorber, ferromagnetic adsorption materials which are not or only weakly suitable for the adsorption of electromagnetic energy are much better suited than is the case with a ferromagnetic adsorption material. Thus, it could be shown that with a low power output of the voltage transmitter with a ferrite sheet as well as films made of mu metal, no adsorption of electromagnetic energy occurred and these were not heated. At a As with the use of an iron sheet, there was only a slight adsorption of the electromagnetic energy which was 350 to 680% lower than that with one or more foils / disks made of aluminum or graphite, at a higher maximum energy output of the voltage sensor Total identical material thickness to the ferromagnetic materials, has been achieved.

The preferred adsorbent materials include aluminum, tinplate, and graphite, which are in the form of a film or disk. The graphite sheets may be high density or lightweight natural graphite or synthetic film and composite materials. The preferred graphite content is> 50% by weight, more preferably> 60% by weight, more preferably> 70% by weight, more preferably> 80% by weight, more preferably> 90% by weight and even more preferably> 95% by weight. Aluminum foils / slices may be rolled or cast aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The preferred aluminum content is> 50% by weight, more preferably> 60% by weight, more preferably> 70% by weight, more preferably> 80% by weight, more preferably> 90% by weight and even more preferably> 95% by weight. The preferred tinplates, which are herein subsumed under the term "slices", have low ferromagnetism and are in the form of an alloy in which the alloy preferably consists of tin, chromium or chromium oxide or zinc at a variable ratio is an alloy with a layer thickness of> Ιμιη, more preferably of> 3μιτι and more preferably of> 5μιτι.

The preferred films herein have a thickness and a composite structure that allows for easy and kinkless formability of such films. The preferred material thicknesses are in a range between 20μιτι and 2.5 mm, more preferably between 50μιτι and 1mm, more preferably between ΙΟΟμιτι and 500μιτι. The preferred and preferred discs herein are rigid unlike the slides herein. Nonetheless, the discs can be easily bent without kinking using prior art methods, so that different geometries can be produced. The preferred material thicknesses are in a range between 250 μιτι and 4 mm, more preferably between 500μιτι and 3mm, more preferably between 800μιτι and 1.5mm.

The number of foils / disks of which an EM energy absorber is composed or can be combined is freely selectable and depends on the conditions of use.

The adsorption materials according to the invention make possible further advantageous effects by means of an arrangement according to the invention. Thus, an EM energy delivery unit and an EM energy absorption element can be designed so that the EM energy absorption, which takes place for heat generation, takes place only at one or more points of the energy absorption level and other functional elements / functional units are present in the area of this level / area. In order to ensure the highest possible and homogeneous heat transfer to the entire heat transfer body, however, it is advantageous to dimension the EM energy absorber in the area so large that the largest possible proportion of the EM energy absorption surface of the EM energy absorber element consists of the EM energy absorber and in which there is no restriction of the functionality of the functional elements arranged in the energy absorbing surface. The surface referred to herein as an EM energy receiving surface is the surface of the EM energy receiving element facing the EM discharge surface of the EM delivery device in the process implementation. Preferably, the proportion of the surface of the EM energy absorber> 20%, more preferably> 40%, more preferably> 60%, further preferably> 80% of the total area of the EM energy absorption surface of an EM energy absorption element. This embodiment is particularly advantageous when the EM energy absorbing element is to be heated quickly and to a high temperature (eg> 60 ° C). In a further preferred embodiment, as far as possible no area proportion of the EM energy absorber is selected, which is advantageous, for example, when the EM energy delivery unit only has a correspondingly small area in which a delivery of electromagnetic energy takes place. In a further advantageous embodiment, therefore, the area fraction of the EM energy absorber is <50%, more preferably <40%, more preferably <30%, more preferably <20% and even more preferably <10% as the total area of the EM energy absorption surface of an EM - Energy absorption element.

Preference is given to a method in which an electromagnetic energy field takes place by absorption / adsorption of one or more EM energy absorbers / EM energy receivers whose total area fraction over which this takes place is <50%, more preferably <40%, more preferably <30%, more preferably <20% and even more preferably <10% of the total area of the EM energy absorption surface of an EM energy absorption element.

This is particularly advantageous in process embodiments in which further functional elements are located in the region of the energy absorption side, in particular if they adsorb in parts or completely the applied electromagnetic energy or, as a result, the function can be disturbed. This is true, for example, for very thin designed permanent magnets that can be heated by an adsorption of electromagnetic energy and thus the magnetism is lost.

In a further preferred embodiment, uniform heating of even a large-volume energy absorber or portions thereof, which are located in the far field of the electromagnetic energy field of the EM energy generator, achieved by in areas of the EM energy absorber located in the electromagnetic near field of EM - are energy generator, the magnetic wave adsorbing compounds consist of complexes of magnetizable compounds that have lower electromagnetic ad- pass properties, as the compounds that are located in the electromagnetic far field. Such elements and compounds are known in the art. Examples of these are zinc, nickel, cobalt or gadolinium. Examples of compounds that limit the power loss and thus the heating temperature, z. B. in ferrites lead, for example, Zn _x Fe ₃ . _x 0 _4, Nii_ _x Zn _x Fe ₂ 0 ₄ or Coi. _x Zn _x Fe ₂ 0 ₄ .

For this, however, it is necessary that the spatial arrangement / orientation, which allows such uniform heating, is complied with. If the EM Energieaufnehmerelement is placed manually, it may be sufficient to identify the side of the EM energy absorption plane / surface or a portion of this. If self-alignment is desired after incorporation of the EM energy absorbing element into a liquid, the self-alignment of the energy absorbing unit can be effected by having regions of different mass weights and / or different densities in one type of energy absorber, resulting in a descent of the EM Energieaufnehmerelements in a liquid, it comes to a sel nst alignment, which causes this preferably comes up with the side of the EM energy absorption level on a support. For this purpose, z. As a compression of the magnetic wave adsorbing compounds used or a surcharge of Low mass compounds (eg, polymer compounds or air) are made. Different geometries of the EM energy absorption unit can accelerate the self-alignment (eg hemispherical shape in conjunction with a flat bottom).

Preference is given to a device in which an EM energy absorption element performs a self-alignment in a liquid as a result of its geometry and / or its center of gravity or in which a manual positioning of the electromagnetic energy absorption element is controlled by a sensor-based position detection of the electromagnetic energy absorption element, whereby a surface-parallel alignment of the Electromagnetic energy delivery area and the electromagnetic energy absorber takes place.

Preference is given to EM energy absorber elements which carry out a self-alignment in the electromagnetic energy field, as a result of which a spatial approximation of the side of the EM energy absorption plane to an EM energy generator unit is achieved.

Preferred are EM energy receivers or EM energy absorber elements made of different magnetic wave adsorbing compounds and / or compositions or containing gates with different magnetic wave adsorbing compounds.

Preferred is the use of EM energy receivers or EM energy absorber elements made of different magnetic wave adsorbing compounds and / or compositions or containing portions with different magnetic wave adsorbing compounds resulting in uniform adsorption of the electro-magnetic energy of an EM energy absorber , which are located in the near and / or far field of an electromagnetic energy field leads.

In a further preferred embodiment, the EM energy absorber is connected to components which allow a rapid dissipation of heat. These, hereinafter called heat transfer body, may also consist of magnetic-wave adsorbing compounds or non-magnetizable substances. For the purpose of heat dissipation, these heat transfer bodies are connected in a heat-conducting manner to the EM energy absorber at at least one point. Suitable materials are known in the art and include elements as well as compounds which have a thermal conductivity preferably of 50 W (nr K), more preferably of 100 (nr K), and more preferably of 150 W (nr K). As examples of its elements called aluminum, copper, gold, silver, as well as carbon in the form of graphites. The design of the largest possible surface of the heat transfer body is advantageous in order to increase the amount of heat released, but also the heat transfer surface of the energy absorbing element. As a result, the amount of heat released per unit time can be increased by preferably 100%, more preferably by 300% and more preferably by 600% in relation to a heat release which can be ensured solely by the EM energy absorber.

Preference is given to an EM energy absorber element in which an EM energy absorber is connected in a heat-conducting manner to a heat transfer body and the resulting heat is conducted away or passed on through the heat transfer body.

In this way, it is also possible to heat or heat regions of an EM energy absorber element which are located outside the far region of the applied electromagnetic energy field. The mass to be selected of the heat transfer body, or an EM Energieaufnehmerelements, depending on the application and the power range of the EM energy generator used. Preferably, a mass of the EM energy absorbing element is between 1g and 1,500g, more preferably between 10g and 300g, and more preferably between 20g and 150g. The heat transfer body can in principle have any external shape. But are preferred forms or geometries with which the largest possible outer surface is achieved. Preferred dimensions of the heat transfer body of 1 x 1 x 0.5 cm to 50 x 50 x 50 cm. Furthermore, the shape and dimensions of the EM energy absorbing element should be adapted to the particular application. Preferred are conical or disc shapes. For other applications, bar shapes may be more suitable, especially if additional mixing of the liquids is desired. However, star or lattice forms are also preferred. Another preferred embodiment of the energy absorber is the production of aggregates, for example in the form of interconnected lamellae, which can then be manufactured in a 3-dimensional arrangement, for example as a cubic or other geometric shape. The fins may themselves be suitable for inductive energy absorption or consist of a good heat-conducting material to increase the energy delivery surface. The EM energy absorbing surface should be adapted to the respective application and EM energy delivery device. Preferably used are top / contact surfaces between 1cm ² and 1.000cm ^2, more preferably between 5 cm ² and 500 cm ² and more preferably between 15cm and 300cm ^2. ² Smaller and larger areas are also applicable in special cases.

Preference is given to EM energy absorber elements which have a large outer surface and are geometrically arranged in the form of grids, disks or layers, two or three-dimensionally. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the heat transfer body contains tubes or other cavities communicating with each other on at least two sides. As a result, z. B. a liquid to pass through the heat transfer body. This embodiment is also advantageous because, on the one hand, the heating surface is thereby increased and, on the other hand, a medium passing through such a porous heat-transfer body can be heated.

Preference is given to heat transfer bodies with a porous design.

Surprisingly, it has been found that when there is a gap-free compound of an adsorptive material according to the invention with a material suitable for heat transfer, but consisting of a metal or material which causes adsorption of the applied electromagnetic energy, the previously described beneficial effects of high energy transfer performance lost through films or slices of adsorbent material. Thus, for example, it has been shown that in an aluminum foil with a material thickness of 250μιτι, in which an energy transfer of electromagnetic energy of 3 A / h, at 75W energy output of the RF voltage generator, using an inventive RF coil and superstructure construction, and the rapid heating of the film to> 200 ° C resulted in a decrease in energy transfer performance to 0.8 A / h, otherwise identical examination conditions, came when the film over its entire surface on an aluminum / copper or iron workpiece with a material thickness of 10mm was applied. Surprisingly, there was no decrease in energy transfer performance when a gap was left between one of the aforementioned workpieces and the film. Such a decline in Also, transmission power of electromagnetic energy did not occur when a film or disk suitable for adsorption was gap-free bonded with a material that does not cause adsorption of electromagnetic energy with the applied magnetic field characteristics, as in ceramic films functionalized for heat transfer, or Pastes are the case.

It has then been found that the provision of a clearance / gap space, between a film / disk suitable for adsorption of the applied electromagnetic energy and a workpiece which prevents adsorption in direct contact with such a film / disk, causes an unrestricted EM energy transfer to the foil / disc is restored. Furthermore, it has been found that heat conducting materials which themselves do not adsorb the applied electromagnetic energy field and fill a gap between a film / disk suitable for adsorption and the aforementioned workpiece also do not impair the adsorption of the electromagnetic energy field of these films / disk. Therefore, in a particularly preferred embodiment, gap formation / gap formation occurs between an EM energy absorber and a workpiece, such as a workpiece. a heat transfer body, which is preferably filled with a heat transfer material, so that a gap / gap space between an EM energy absorber and a workpiece / heat transfer body is made, preferably> ΙΟΟμιτι, more preferably> 150μιτι, more preferably> 200μιτι, more preferably> 250μιτι, more preferably> 300μιτι and even more preferably> 400μιτι amounts, It has been shown that such a sufficient space to allow an unrestricted absorption of the electromagnetic energy and its conversion into thermal energy through said film / disc. An aluminum / copper or iron workpiece with a material thickness of 10 mm, which in this way was connected to the film / disk, then had no effect on the adsorption performance of the EM Energiesehmer. Preference is therefore given to thermal conductivity materials which produce a preferably full-surface heat-conductive composite between an inventive EM energy absorber and a heat transfer body and thereby a gap between the two bonding surfaces of preferably> ΙΟΟμιτι, more preferably> 150μιτι, more preferably> 200μιτι, more preferably> 250μιτι, on preferably> 300μιτι and even more preferably> 400μιτι cause and do not require adsorption of electromagnetic energy of an applied electromagnetic energy field. Thus, in a preferred method embodiment, an arrangement of the EM energy absorber and a heat transfer body in the form of a composite by a gap space between them produced and with a material that is suitable for heat conduction, but no adsorption of an adjacent EM energy field conditionally, preferably over the entire surface is filled thermally conductive.

Preference is given to a method in which there is a gap space between the adsorption material of electromagnetic energy and a heat release body, in which there is no material with or through which adsorption of the applied electromagnetic energy field takes place. Preference is given to a method in which a thermally conductive connection between an EM energy absorber or a plurality of EM energy absorbers and a heat release body or bodies through a thermally conductive material, in which no adsorption of the applied EM energy field takes place and this material is a gap formation and / or a distance between the one EM energy absorber or several EM Energy receivers and the one heat release body or more heat release bodies conditional.

Preferred is a device in which there is a gap between the EM energy absorber and a heat-emitting body of the EM Energieaufnehmerelements in which there is a heat-conducting material with / through which no adsorption of the applied electromagnetic energy field.

It has been shown that it is possible with the inventively arranged films / discs, a heat transfer over a gap space with a sufficiently rapid heat conduction by suitable materials for heat conduction, which cause no adsorption of electromagnetic energy, and wherein there is a backlog of Heat comes in the area of the EM energy absorber and / or the thermal conductivity material, which leads to a local overheating. In this context, the term "sufficiently rapid heat conduction" means, in particular, that when the EM energy absorbing member is used in a liquid medium, there is no difference in the surface temperature between the EM energy absorber and the heat transfer body of> 30 ° C, more preferably> 20 ° C and more preferably> 10 ° C comes. This can be ensured in a very advantageous manner by heat conduction materials of the prior art. Particularly suitable for this purpose are materials which preferably permanently produce a planar connection between the surface of the EM energy absorber facing the heat-emitting body and a surface of the heat-emitting body and in this case have a low heat transfer coefficient of preferably> 50 W / (m ² -K), more preferably of > 80 W / (m ² -K), more preferably> 150 W / (m ² -K) and more preferably> 250 W / (m ² -K).

Surprisingly, compared to a workpiece of the same material with a material thickness of 1cm, even a significantly higher adsorption of electromagnetic energy that could be converted into heat energy, in films or discs before, if they are not aligned surface parallel to the EM energy generator. It could even be achieved by a spiral arrangement of a disk whose longitudinal axis was parallel to the vertical of the EM energy delivery surface, a transfer of electromagnetic energy, which corresponded to 40-60% of the amount of energy, which was transmitted by the surface parallel alignment of the flat disc. This results in further advantageous embodiment possibilities of the method embodiment according to the invention. It has thus been shown that the region of the electromagnetic energy absorption plane of the EM energy absorber can be formed in a very advantageous manner into various geometries without restricting the electromagnetic transmission power. In this case, for example, an aluminum foil can be combined in a meandering manner and arranged in the region of the EM receiving plane so that one of the two sides, where the envelope of the meandering shape is present, is in this area, while the opposite side is located in clear spatial distance. It turned out that individual webs, the same or another adsorption material, which are directly connected to a film or disc of the adsorbent, not or only to a small extent hinder the adsorption of an electromagnetic energy field. Thus, further advantageous geometries of an EM energy absorber can be configured. Thus, for example, a high transmission power of electromagnetic energy and its conversion into a thermal energy could be documented for a design of the films or disks as a pipe, with a square to round cross-sectional geometry. It has also been found that pressed or sintered graphite also makes possible, as a workpiece up to a layer thickness of 10 mm, an advantageous adsorption of electromagnetic energy. An energy-efficient transmission performance was especially for non-planar geometries of a graphite material such. B. a massive rod with a diameter of <15mm, documented. In such an arrangement, or space expansion can be made of a material / workpiece seamlessly in one embodiment, the EM-Energieaufnehmer and the heat transfer body. Preference is given to an EM energy absorption element, in which the EM energy absorber and the heat transfer body consist without transition of an adsorption material.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the EM energy absorber consists of an electrically leifähigen and / or magnetic wave adsorbing compounds.

In a preferred embodiment, the energy absorbers are manufactured in such a way that they have a different composition and / or arrangement of the magnetic-wave-adsorbing compounds and / or the Curie point in different sections.

This graduation can take place continuously or in stages, for example in the form of different levels. With a suitable selection of the compounds and their mass ratios and the distance to the energy generator and the electromagnetic oscillation frequency and the field strength, a uniform heating of such an energy absorber can be ensured. In a preferred embodiment, an EM energy sensor element converts an applied electromagnetic energy field into an electrical current. In a preferred embodiment, an RF induction current generator is provided for this purpose which is located in the energy receiving element. The electric current that is provided by the RF induction current generator is preferably generated inductively by an externally applied electromagnetic energy field. Devices for an inductive power supply are known from the prior art, preferably coils are used for this, as they are also described herein. The induction of an electric field voltage by an electromagnetic field in an aqueous medium is subject to the same limitations as described herein for the adsorption of electromagnetic energy fields and their conversion into thermal energy and are known from the prior art. In order to ensure an uninterrupted and sufficient power supply for one or more present in an RF energy sensor element (s) functional unit (s) and make this in the smallest possible space, an RF induction current generator is preferably provided, consisting of a ferromagnetic core and a wound thereon consists of electrical conductor. In a preferred embodiment, the HF induction current generator or the core and the coil are / is supported in such a way that they can be freely rotated in the three spatial dimensions with respect to the EM energy absorption element. It is further preferred that the storage takes place so that a self-alignment of the ferromagnetic core of the HF induction current generator can take place, which results in that the longitudinal axis of the core is aligned perpendicular to the gravity field. This allows for an uninterruptible power supply when placing the EM Energieaufnehmerelements above an EM energy dissipation unit, of which an electromagnetic energy field for generating an induction current is provided in the RF induction current generator. In a preferred embodiment of the method, an or is located in or on the EM energy absorber unit a plurality of coils for generating an electromagnetic energy field used to generate an induction current in the RF induction current generator.

In a preferred embodiment, the current available from adsorbed electromagnetic energy in the EM energy absorbing element is utilized to provide further highly advantageous functionalities.

Such functional elements comprise, in particular, EM energy absorption units, which consist in particular of a coil and are suitable for adsorption and / or the emission of electromagnetic energy. Further preferred are functional elements which are electromagnetizable, e.g. a coil with a ferromagnetic core and / or a permanent magnet. Further preferred functional elements are, for example, sensors that can detect / quantify, for example, a temperature, a movement or a pressure.

In a preferred embodiment, the system components are identified by a controller. It can u. a. it is determined which EM energy absorption element of the EM energy delivery surface rests, in which distance and / or which spatial position it is located to the EM energy delivery surface. This is particularly advantageous when the surface (s) of the EM energy generator and / or the EM energy absorber only a (small) proportion of the total energy delivery surface and / or the surface of the EM Energieaufnehmerelements at which the energy absorption takes place ( s). This can u. a. be ensured that an electromagnetic energy output, which is provided for heat generation in the EM energy absorption element, only takes place when a suitable for the EM energy delivery unit, possibly approved, EM energy absorption element has been detected. However, this may also result in incorrect operation, e.g. by improper positioning / alignment of the EM energy absorbing element, or the operator may be prompted to reorient. The transferable information about the spatial position and the model of the energy absorption element used can also be used for a selection of the system presets, eg. B. the initial maximum power of the RF voltage generator, are used.

In a preferred embodiment, the one or more functional units are shielded from the electromagnetic energy field used to generate heat or a malfunction is prevented by providing spatial decoupling from the EM energy absorber and / or the heat transfer body. For example, it could be shown that there was no interference / disturbance in the transmission of electromagnetic signal transmission in a radio frequency range (eg, 12.5 MHz) between an EM energy receiving element and an EM energy transmitter unit when signal transmission within a recess of the RF coil core , respectively inside a bar / bridge / ring, in which the transmitter / receiver was inserted for the signal transmission, came and the functional unit of the EM energy absorption element was placed over this area, provided that the EM energy absorber in this area a recess and the RF transmitter contained therein had no contact with the EM energy absorber. If a contact existed between them or if the areas overlapped, signal transmission was no longer possible. Thus, it has been found that by the inventive arrangement of elements / components of the EM induction current heating unit, the parallel operation of 2 or more electromagnetic energy fields is possible without interference, wherein the at least one further electromagnetic energy field is located within or directly adjacent to one of the other electromagnetic energy fields. It was particularly astonishing that a trouble-free operation of an F signal transmission, which takes place in or out of an aqueous medium between an EM energy absorption element and an EM energy delivery unit, is possible with simultaneous application of an electromagnetic energy field suitable for generating heat is and is immediately adjacent.

Preferred is a method in which interference-free RF signal transmission occurs between an RF signal transmission unit of an EM energy generator unit and an EM energy receiving element located in a liquid medium, and simultaneously with and immediately adjacent to / adjacent to the electromagnetic radiation field the RF signal transmission takes place, an electromagnetic energy field, which is suitable for heat generation and / or power generation is applied.

A device is preferred in which the temperature of a surface of the electromagnetic energy receiving element and / or of the surrounding medium is determined by at least one functional unit of the electromagnetic energy receiving element and is transmitted without interference and continuously by means of a radio signal from the electromagnetic energy receiving element to a radio signal receiver of the electromagnetic energy generator unit and herewith a control the electromagnetic energy transfer performance of the electromagnetic energy generator unit is made.

In another embodiment, there is a spatial delimitation of the EM energy absorber and / or the heat transfer body by the functional element is partially or completely surrounded by a ferritic material and is connected thereto with the EM energy generator unit without a further contact point.

In a further preferred method embodiment, the EM energy absorption element contains a functional unit, by means of which an inductive generation of an electrical current takes place. Power generation may be accomplished by adsorbing the electromagnetic energy that is concurrent with generating the thermal energy delivered by an EM energy delivery unit. The power generation can be carried out with the method as described herein. The transmitter / receivers for a signal transmission are located spatially away from one or more coil (s), which provides the current for the functional elements of an electromagnetic energy field (s). In this case, the transmitter (s) may be located anywhere in the energy delivery element. For a method implementation according to the invention, an inventive provision of the inventive integrative function / function control is to be ensured. Integrative means in this context that a, preferably performed by a controller, setting of system parameters takes place, which performs an automatic target-actual Wertadjustierung based on setpoint specifications, using actual values, which are obtained by a delay-free transmission of actual values present at the EM energy absorber element. The method implementation is preferably carried out by, takes place by a transfer of parameters / data between the EM energy generator unit and the EM Energieaufnehmerelement, a control of system parameters, such as the maximum power output of the RF voltage generator or the power output of the electromagnetic Energy, according to the setting specifications that can be made to the control module of the EM energy generator unit, such as the temperature of the liquid to be reached or the maximum surface temperature of the EM energy absorbing element. It is known from the prior art that the range of electromagnetic waves in an aqueous medium is considerably lower than in air or a gas. In particular, a high-frequency electromagnetic radiation, which is in the megahertz range, has only a range of a few millimeters in water. A range of electromagnetic waves that have a frequency range in the kilohertz range, have a range of <1cm in an aqueous medium. Therefore, it is also the object of the invention to provide a method and apparatus with which a transmission of data / measured values from the EM energy receiving element to / to the EM energy generator unit can be accomplished.

Surprisingly, it has been found that the range of electromagnetic wave radiation in an aqueous medium can be extended by increasing the electromagnetic field strength. Since the use of radio frequency electromagnetic transmitters is strictly regulated globally, and only certain frequency ranges may be used for designated applications, as well as for the various uses / applications of Radio Frequency Magnetic (RF), maximum allowable ranges / levels in the atmosphere, ie the air emitted, must not be exceeded, the increase of an electromagnetic field strength is limited for this application. It has been found that an RF transmitter, positioned in an aqueous medium and connected to an internal or external electrical voltage source, can achieve electromagnetic field strengths that interfere with RF magnetic waves in an RF external to the aqueous medium - Enable receiver antenna. The required field strength and thus required voltage conditioning on the transmitter antenna varies depending on the position of the transmitter in the aqueous medium and the orientation of the transmitting and receiving antenna to each other. Therefore, it is desirable to provide, firstly, an RF transmitter in an aqueous medium that achieves a high field strength of RF magnetic waves that can be received outside of an aqueous medium from which they are sent, without the allowable maximums for to exceed the emission of RF magnetic waves and, secondly, to provide an RF receiver antenna outside the aqueous medium which will transmit the RF transmit signal at a random position of the RF transmitter in the aqueous medium to the RF receiver and without interference with a RF transmitter electromagnetic energy field applied to heat an EM energy receiving element at which the RF transmitter is located. The use of a so-called "active" RF-ID transmitter is problematic because for the supply voltage of the RF transmitting antenna to be used in relation to the size of the EM energy absorbing elements of the invention large energy storage and such in the case of interchangeability difficult can electrically isolate from the liquid media in which the EM Energieaufnehmerelemente are located, and because it can cause a functional impairment by heating such energy storage during an application Surprisingly, by the inventive elements / components and the inventive arrangement of the elements / components the problem can be solved in a very advantageous manner. Preferred is a device for the controlled and contactless and direct heating and / or temperature control of liquids and / or solids, which is characterized by, a) an electromagnetic energy generator unit comprising at least one high-frequency voltage generator, at least one high-frequency alternator, at least one electromagnetic energy output comprising at least one coil of an electrical conductor and at least one ferrite, and at least one functional unit comprising at least one electromagnetic receiver, at least one control and / or control unit and / or at least one manget or electromagnet-based drive device,

wherein the at least one ferrite consists of at least one base and at least one projection and wherein the at least one electrical conductor surrounds at least a portion of the base and / or the at least one projection at least once, with formation of a coil surrounds and wherein the electrical conductor in at least one Resonant circuit is coupled with a resonant circuit frequency between 10 Hz and 1 MHz of at least one high-frequency AC generator, generating an electromagnetic energy field in the coil, which is bundled by the at least one ferrite and the electromagnetic energy field is emitted in a power delivery area, which is opposite to the Base, and in the case of the presence of more than one projection, located opposite the base and in an area between the projections;

and

b) an electromagnetic Energieaufnehmerelement comprising at least one electromagnetic Energieaufnehmer and at least one heat transfer body and at least one functional unit comprising at least one temperature measuring device, a high-frequency transmitter, a high-frequency induction coil, a magnet, a magnetizable material and / or a magnetizable coil and / or a sensor for determining physical conditions, in particular temperature, pressure, speed,

and where

the electromagnetic Energieaufnehmerelement is located in the electromagnetic near and / or far field of the electromagnetic Energieabgebers the electromagnetic energy generator unit and the planes of the electromagnetic energy delivery area and the electromagnetic Energieaufnehmers are aligned surface parallel.

One of the beneficial effects resulting therefrom is achieved by providing feedback control of the RF magnetic field strength necessary to maintain uninterrupted transmission and reception of one or more RF transmit signals. In a preferred method embodiment, the RF signal strength, which is preferably determined / determined by an RF receiver or if there is an electronic control of an RF receiver unit, is forwarded to a controller and the intensity (field strength ) of the electromagnetic energy field emitted by the energy delivery unit to generate an electric current in the EM energy receiving element. As a result, in addition to an uninterrupted transmission and reception of RF signals, it is also possible to emit RF signals into the atmosphere in a non-permissible signal strength, by regulating the generation of the electrical voltage in the EM energy absorption unit or by triggering the RF signal. Signal transmitter in the EM Energieaufnehmerelement be prevented. Thus, with an embodiment of the present invention, a method may be provided whereby the operation of an RF transmitter located in a liquid medium may be performed with sufficient RF signal field strength without the need for power storage or wired connection. In an extremely advantageous manner, this can be used to control the heating and / or temperature control of liquids or fusible solids.

Preference is given to a method and devices in which by a functional unit or a plurality of functional units of the EM Energieaufnehmerelements a measurement of the actual temperature present in the surrounding medium, which is transmitted by a radio signal to the EM energy generator purity and here an automatic control of the energy output of electromagnetic energy of the EM energy generator based on a target / actual value determination is carried out, which ensures an adjustable degree accurate heating / temperature control of liquids and / or solids.

Preferred is a method of controlling the maximum power consumption of the high frequency AC generator of the EM energy generator unit, wherein the pulse or electrical voltage obtainable by the RF receiver is the actual value of a signal level or signal strength of the radio signal the radio transmission unit of the EM energy absorption unit, which is determined outside of the liquid medium or the solid by the radio receiver unit, and the control by means of an adjustment for the setpoint range of the signal level and / or the signal strength of the radio signal, outside the liquid medium or outside of the solid is measured by the control unit is made.

Preference is given to a method in which the transmission of the measured data by means of electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency range and in which the signal strength electromagnetic radiation or a signal level of the electromagnetic radiation of the radio transmitter, which is emitted from the liquid or liquefiable solid, held in a predetermined range of signal intensity is set by adjusting the signal strength measured by the radio receiver and / or the signal level measured by the radio receiver by controlling the amount of energy generated and delivered by one or more energy sources.

In principle, the same electromagnetic energy field may be used by the EM energy delivery unit for generating heat energy and electrical current in the EM energy acceptor element, as long as the EM energy absorber and the RF induction current generator are optimized for the applied electromagnetic energy field. This is particularly true when a sufficient voltage supply by the RF induction current generator at an electromagnetic energy field strength, which does not lead to generation of heat in the EM energy absorber, can still be guaranteed, so that a process control can still be done if no other thermal energy input should take place. If this can not be ensured, in a preferred method embodiment, at least 2 electromagnetic energy fields are provided by the EM energy delivery unit, with which, on the one hand, a generation of heat energy and, on the other hand, an electrical voltage in an EM energy absorption element are performed. Preferably, these are electromagnetic energy fields that emerge from a different excitation frequency of a resonant circuit of an electrical voltage and thereby in one varying extent of adsorption materials of the EM energy absorber, as described herein and the electrical conductor of the RF induction current generator adsorbed or converted into heat or electric current. In a preferred embodiment, the provision of 2 or more electromagnetic energy fields by the same EM energy generator. It has been found that this can be achieved, for example, by winding, in addition to the one electrical conductor, at least once around the strip (s) / land (s) / ing (e) of a ferritic material or at half - or full shells of a ferritic material, the electrical conductor parts of this shell wraps around at least once, another electrical conductor is arranged parallel to this or in another arrangement at least once around the bar (s) / bridge ( e) / ring (s) of a ferritic material is wound or in half or full shells of a ferritic material parts of this shell, from which weitern electrical conductor is wound at least once. The various electrical conductors are connected to different HF alternators. The installation of an RF alternating voltage to the 2 or more electrical conductors can be done at the same time, overlap or time offset / alternating.

In a further preferred method embodiment, the identical electrical conductor is used for the generation of the two or more electromagnetic energy fields. This can preferably be done by connecting the electrical conductor in phases with the oscillating circuits of FIG. 2 or other HF alternators, so that in time sequence the 2 or more electromagnetic energy fields can be generated with the one electrical conductor.

In another preferred embodiment, one or more electromagnetic energy fields are generated by one or more other EM energy generators. In this case, an identical arrangement of the elements / components or a different configuration can be selected. It has been shown that with an arrangement according to the invention of the components / elements, interference-free and uninterrupted RF signal-controlled operation of an induction current heating / tempering unit according to the invention can take place, in which an EM energy absorber element in a liquid medium, such as water or melted chocolate, in the near and far field of an EM energy provider is possible.

Preferred is a method in which at least 2 different electromagnetic energy fields are provided at the same time and / or alternately.

Preferred is a method in which at least two electromagnetic energy fields are provided by the EM energy delivery unit, which is obtained by an identical or different frequency of the electrical oscillation circuit, which flows through the one coil or the plurality of coils and in which the electromagnetic energy fields are superimposed and / or over spatially separated areas and the at least two electromagnetic energy fields in the EM energy absorption unit are converted into heat and electrical energy.

A device is preferred in which the device provides the EM energy generator unit with at least two different EM energy fields at the same time and / or alternately.

In another preferred embodiment of the method, the RF induction current generator is located in another region of the EM energy receiving element, if outside the aqueous one Medium is an EM energy generator, which provides an electromagnetic energy field, by means of the RF induction current generator, an electric current can be generated. This RF induction current generator is one of the functional units described herein and is preferably in the region of the EM energy absorption level of the EM energy absorption element.

A device is preferred in the device in which interference-free high-frequency signal transmission is effected between a high-frequency signal transmission unit of an EM energy absorption element which is located in a liquid medium and an EM energy generator unit, and at the same time and immediately adjacent to / adjacent to the EM Energy field, with which the high-frequency signal transmission takes place, an EM energy field, which is suitable for heat generation, is created.

Thus, by an inventive arrangement of components / materials of an EM energy generator unit and an EM Energieaufnehmerelements can provide over the prior art much more efficient induction current heating with improved energy efficiency.

Furthermore, can be produced by an inventive arrangement of the components / materials very light and compact EM Energieaufnehmerelemente.

It has been found that with the inventive arrangement of an EM energy generator according to the invention and an inventive EM energy sensor, a much higher transmission of electromagnetic energy in the near and far field is possible, as can be achieved with a coil of the prior art ,

Surprisingly, the above-described energy-efficient effects which have been found in an arrangement of the components / elements according to the invention can be realized, in particular, when a small power line is to be transmitted by an electromagnetic energy field. Thus, for example, in an experimental procedure, an electromagnetic energy field transmission was performed in which a copper wire coil with 25 planar windings as energy source and an aluminum cone with a diameter of 5cm and a height of 3cm as energy absorbers at a distance of 10mm parallel to the surface in a water-filled glass were arranged. Under the same experimental conditions and settings was an electromagnetic field energy delivery, with a corresponding arrangement of an EM energy generator, which consisted of an EM energy generator, which was in the form of a ferrite E core with 4 turns of a thin copper wire, and the electrical conductor with was coupled to an RF voltage resonant circuits, and an EM-Energieaufnehmers, consisting of an aluminum foil with a material thickness of 300μιτι, which was connected by means of a ceramic heat transfer foil with a thickness of 200μιτι, the entire surface with an identical aluminum cone was used. At a resonant circuit frequency of 55 kHz, an electromagnetic energy transmission with a maximum output line of the RF voltage generator between 5 and 5,000 W was carried out. It has been found that the transmission power in a prior art inductive heating device correlated almost linearly with the output power. The transmittable amount of energy in a low voltage range was significantly lower than the amount of energy that could have been transferred at the given output line provided by the RF voltage generator. In contrast, it came in an inventive arrangement of the elements / components of the EM energy generator and the EM energy absorber, even at a low voltage / maximum Output power of the voltage transmitter to a maximum possible energy transfer performance. The difference in the energy transfer of the two experimental arrangements, which was determined, for example, by determining the amperage of the oscillating circuit, was greatest at a low maximum output power (5 to 500W) and was between 280 and 850%. There was an adjustment of the effective energy transfer, when a high maximum output power of the RF voltage generator was applied in a range between 3,000 and 5,000W. Therefore, a method is preferred in which an inventive arrangement of the elements / components of an EM energy generator and an EM energy absorber is present and an electromagnetic energy transfer at a maximum possible output power of an RF voltage generator of preferably <3,000W, more preferably <2,500W, more preferably <2,000W, more preferably <1,500W, more preferably <1,000W, further preferably 800W, more preferably <600W, further preferably <400W, more preferably <200W and even more preferably <100W. It was determined that this law or this difference in the maximum amount of energy that could be transferred was also present at different frequency ranges of the HF resonant circuit. Particularly preferred is an inventive energy-efficient transmission of electromagnetic energy at an excitation frequency of the RF resonant circuit between 10 and 500 kHz.

Preference is given to a method in which an energy-efficient transmission of electromagnetic energy takes place and in which the maximum possible energy transmission power does not exceed 3,000W.

The frequency of the RF resonant circuit, which enables optimum transmission and conversion of the electromagnetic energy into thermal energy for an inventive arrangement of the elements of the EM energy absorber unit can be examined very easily by a test method. It should first be determined in which power range per unit area between the EM energy generator and the EM energy absorption element, the energy transfer is to take place. Hereinafter, the selection and configuration of einsetzbarer EM energy generator, since, for example, in a too small cross-section of the electrical conductor of the RF coil, or the arrangement in a coil core, with a high amount of energy (eg> 3A / h), it to a Heating of the conductor and / or the coil core during power transmission occurs. In an arrangement according to the invention there is no or only slight increase in temperature of the EM energy delivery unit, which is preferably <90 ° C, more preferably> 80 ° C, more preferably <70 ° C, more preferably <60 ° C and even more preferably 40 ° C is so that a forced ventilation / cooling is not required. If there is no restrictive material specification, for the determination of the / the suitable film / disc for adsorption of the electromagnetic energy foils, which preferably have a thickness between 100 to 2,000μιτι, more preferably between 200 and Ι.ΟΟΟμιτι and more preferably between 300 and 500μιτι have and preferably one of the materials comprising aluminum, tinplate or graphite, are used, individually or in any combination, for the investigation. For this purpose, these individually or in any combination of different material thicknesses and materials are superimposed gap space and over the entire surface of the EM energy generator of the EM energy delivery unit at a defined distance, preferably between 0.5mm and 10 cm, more preferably between 1mm and 8cm, more preferred between 1.5mm and 5cm and even more preferably between 2mm and 3cm, placed surface parallel. In the distance range, air or a Solid / liquid that is not suitable for receiving the applied electromagnetic energy (such as glass or wood or water). Under the same conditions of adjustment for the HF alternating frequency, the electrical voltage and the maximum power of the RF voltage transmitter then an investment of an electromagnetic energy field with an EM energy generator unit according to the invention for a period that allows detection of the surface temperature of the films. The speed of a temperature increase and the maximum temperature of the film / film structure investigated are determined. Further, the difference is calculated from the power consumption of the EM energy emitting unit that occurred at the time before and after transmission of electromagnetic energy and during such transmission.

Another particular advantageous effect resulting from the arrangement of the elements according to the invention relates to the possibility of applying different electromagnetic energy fields simultaneously / parallel / sequentially and to transmit electromagnetic energy. Thus, in one embodiment, one or more EM energy generators in the region of the EM energy delivery field (see FIG. 1) are preferably arranged parallel to the surface, in addition to the at least one EM energy generator according to the invention for transmitting electromagnetic energy. This EM energy generator can / have a design according to the invention or a design from the prior art. They can be operated with the same or another alternating frequency of an HF resonant circuit. Preferably, this provides electromagnetic energy that is converted into electrical energy in the energy receiving element. Preferably, the electromagnetic energy field is also used to induce ferromagnetism. Thus, using a preferred ferritic coil core, collimation of the electromagnetic energy, with a minimum length of electrical conductor, can be achieved which enables point-like transmission of the energy field. This point energy field can be transferred to a very high degree of efficiency by the use of a film capable of adsorbing the electromagnetic energy and converted into thermal energy and transferred to a large delivery surface in a compound fabrication with a heat-conducting / dispensing body. This arrangement makes it possible in a particularly advantageous manner for the region of the EM energy absorption element, which preferably faces the EM energy generator unit, to be parallel to the surface, next to one or more sections for receiving electromagnetic energy in which a conversion into thermal energy takes place, may include one or more further portions having a different functionality. In a preferred method arrangement, one or more regions are present in which an adsorption of electromagnetic energy takes place, which is converted into electrical energy. In another preferred embodiment, there is a region for adsorbing electromagnetic energy, wherein the electromagnetic energy is converted into a magnetic energy field. The various regions that can be used for a different conversion of the adsorbed electromagnetic energy can be present in any number and arrangement next to each other. In this case, the electromagnetic energy field, which is adsorbed in the various areas and converted into another form of energy, from the same source of the electromagnetic energy field of the EM- Originate from the energy transmitter unit or the EM energy transmitter unit has two or more sections / areas in which electromagnetic energy is generated and directed to the EM energy receiving element / will be delivered. In this case, the two or more electromagnetic energy fields can be generated by the identical or different RF frequency ranges of the / RF oscillatory circuits (s) of the energy generator unit, which are delivered simultaneously or overlapping or at different time intervals.

Thus, in a particularly advantageous manner, transmission of electromagnetic energy in the near and far field of an EM energy generator to an EM energy sensor located in a liquid medium can be carried out and converted into thermal energy, thereby achieving high energy efficiency in a low power range.

Preference is given to a method in which the energy efficiency is achieved in particular by carrying out a method using an EM energy absorber, which consists of one or more films and / or slices, preferably consisting of aluminum, tinplate or graphite, individually or in combination exist a composite, and in which there is a gap between the EM energy absorber and the heat transfer body and / or distance, which contains a suitable material for heat transfer, which performs no adsorption of the applied electromagnetic energy field.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, solids or solids are heated and / or tempered with the induction current heating unit. Surprisingly, it has been shown that a uniform and precise heating of solids by the use of suitable EM energy absorption elements can be achieved. It has thus been possible to show that by controlling the temperature of foodstuffs by supporting and / or supporting a planar EM energy absorbing element, it is possible to avoid undesirable effects which occur in prior art heating processes and to ensure even and product-warming of solids or solids Solid bodies takes place. The fusible solids herein may be liquefied when heated to 100 ° C. It is particularly advantageous if, for example, a foodstuff to be heated is placed in layers between individual EM energy absorption elements or in an association of a plurality of consecutively arranged EM energy receivers of an EM energy absorption element. On the other hand, workpieces can also be processed and / or processed by the method. Thus, it is particularly advantageous if a workpiece is to be thermally treated to place it on, under or between one or more EM energy absorbing elements. Preferably, a pressure is exerted which ensures a close contact between the / the EM energy absorption element (s). Thus, these methods can be particularly advantageous z. B. be used for a melting of a coating or for a thermal bonding of materials. Applicability is limited only if the workpiece itself has adsorption of the applied electro-magnetic energy field. For the aforementioned applications are particularly suitable EM energy absorption elements, which have a flat shape. The surface may also have a grid shape or have differently configured interruptions. For these applications, it is particularly advantageous if the EM energy absorption element has a plurality of temperature sensors distributed over the entire surface. As a result, local overheating can be avoided. Especially for surface applications, heat transfer bodies are preferred which have a high thermal conductivity have, such as copper, silver or graphite. Especially preferred are graphites with a high electrical conductivity. The electronic components / functional units, such as an RF induction coil, an RF induction current generator, an F-type radio transmitter and an RF antenna, may be located within or attached to a planar EM energy absorbing element. In one embodiment, planar or otherwise shaped EM energy receiving elements have only one or more internal temperature probes but no external temperature sensor.

Preference is given to EM energy absorption elements which are used for heating and / or temperature of solids which are liquefied when heated to 100 ° C or solids have a flat shape.

In one embodiment, the EM energy absorber is shaped or arranged so that the magnetic wave adsorbing compounds are predominantly in the near field of the energy generator by within the EM energy absorber or the EM Energieaufnehmerelements in the region of the bottom, or the Support surface, which is located above the EM energy delivery range of the EM energy generator, whereby the majority of the mass of the magnetic wave adsorbing compounds a distance to the support surface of the container preferably <5 cm and more preferably <2 cm, and most preferably of <1cm. In another preferred embodiment, however, a predominant mass fraction of magnetic-wave-adsorbing compounds can also be located in the far field of the electromagnetic energy field of the energy generator, for. B. in large-volume EM energy absorbers or EM energy absorbers for narrow-base containers. This can also be advantageous in particular if a high amount of electromagnetic energy can be absorbed by the EM energy absorber and at the same time a high degree of heating should take place. The majority of the magnetic wave adsorbing compounds in these applications is> 5 cm and more preferably> 8 cm above the energy delivery surface of the EM energy generator in a container.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the surface of the EM Energieaufnehmerelements is coated with a different material. The coating material should be adapted to the respective application. Thus, for an application in an aqueous solution having a pH range between 5 and 12, a metallic surface alloy may be suitable, as this achieves a rapid release of heat energy. Preference is given to alloys based on nickel, for example Inconel, zinc, for example titanium-zinc, copper, eg gunmetal or brass, gallium, silver, gold, aluminum or alloys containing z. As chromium, nickel, molybdenum, titanium, niobium, tungsten, vanadium, cobalt, more preferred are alloys that exhibit greater inertness, such as. Tin-nickel, molybdenum-chromium. Further preferred alloys of noble metals, such as silver, gold or platinum. Also preferred are ceramic coating, paints, eg of polyacrylic as well as enamels. Particularly preferred are coatings that can be applied over the entire surface in very thin layers (one or a few atomic / molecular layers), for. By methods such as ALD or CVD. This can z. As silicon and carbon are applied particularly advantageous. Silicon in amorphous form is further preferred. The surfaces of the EM energy absorber and the heat transfer body may be coated in the same or different ways. Preference is given to heat transfer bodies or EM energy absorber elements which are surface-coated.

In a further embodiment, reaction-promoting elements or compounds can also be applied to the surface of an EM energy-absorbing element or the surfaces consist of a reaction-promoting compound. This embodiment is particularly advantageous since many reactions which are caused by reaction-promoting compounds (such as catalysts or enzymes) have a temperature dependence and possibly a temperature optimum. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the effectiveness of such compounds is increased by an application according to the invention. Thus, it could be shown that in the presence of a comparable amount of a catalyst suspended in a reaction liquid or immobilized on the surface of a heat transfer body, reaction was faster and more effective when tempering the surface of an EM energy absorbing member Reaction promotion optimum temperature is set, in comparison to an indirect heating of the suspension, despite reaching the same final temperature of the reaction medium. The reaction promoting elements or compounds may be part of an inorganic or organic coating or matrix and / or be physically or chemically bonded to the surface. The reaction promoting compounds can be immobilized on the surfaces of the EM energy absorbing member by various known methods. The connection of one or more compounds to the surface of an EM energy absorber element can be chemical, physico-chemical or purely physical. The reaction-promoting compounds may be elements such as rhodium, platinum, silver, tungsten, iodine, bromine, iron, palladium or sasarium and / or compounds such as Hopcalite, V ₂ 0 ₅ , CuO / Cr ₂ 0 ₃ , ZnO / Cr ₂ 0 ₃ or CuO / ZnO, platinum / rhodium or a-iron / Al ₂ 0 ₃ , uam act. In this case, the reaction-promoting compounds may be inorganic, organic or a combination thereof. Combinations are z. Example, if on an inorganic base material such as silicon, zirconium, titanium or gold, organic compounds are chemically, physico-chemically or physically bound. Particularly preferred are zeolites or silica gels as inorganic base material. Organic compounds having catalytic or biological activity are known to those skilled in the art, as examples thereof called compounds derived from amino acids, Chinaalkaloiden, or tartaric acid, such as Taddole. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the reaction-promoting compounds are enzymes or coenzymes. Therefore, applications for promoting the reaction of biological reactions or processes are particularly preferred, especially since a very accurate adjustment of the surface temperature can be made with an EM energy absorbing element.

In another embodiment, the reactive / reaction promoting compounds are adsorbed or adhered to the surface of an EM energy acceptor element and can be released from the surface during the reaction process. This is particularly advantageous when an entry of these compounds in a reaction mixture can be done better under heating. In a particular embodiment, air and / or gases are also heated by an induction current heating unit. This is particularly advantageous if in the air / gas phase, a chemical reaction is to take place, which takes place by contact with a surface of a Induktionsstromerhitzungseinheit, which was provided with a reaction promoting compound, upon heating of the Energieaufnehmers. Preferred are an EM energy generator unit and an EM energy absorber element for contactless induction current heating of air and / or gases.

As a result of the application forms described above, reactive surfaces can be provided which can be heated to the degree, so that a reaction taking place at a specific temperature can be brought about thereby. Preferably, the reaction is carried out with one of the above-described coated EM Energieaufnehmerelemente by the surface target temperature is set to the control unit on the value of the temperature optimum of the reaction to be delivered. It is also advantageous that, for the purpose of limiting a reaction and / or keeping a reaction constant, the temperature of the surface of the energy absorber can also be adjusted to a temperature which differs slightly or significantly from the temperature which causes an optimal reaction promotion. This is particularly advantageous in reactions that are to proceed successively, as desired in many biological or biochemical processes.

Preferred are an EM energy generator unit and an EM energy absorber element for contactless and direct induction current heating of chemical and / or biological reaction mixtures. Preference is given to the use of an EM energy generator unit and an EM energy sensor element for the reaction control in a chemical and / or biological reaction mixture.

By the above-described embodiments, an EM energy absorbing element becomes a thermocatalyst. It is also advantageous that thermally induced reactions can be controlled very accurately with the Induktionsstromerhitzungseinheit, the reaction can be terminated by exposing a further EM energy output of the EM energy generator almost immediately, if the EM Energieaufnehmer consists of a compound that a has high electrical and / or thermal conductivity and at the same time a low mass. The abovementioned embodiments are also advantageous and practicable because such a thermocatalyst can be removed very easily and in one piece from a reaction mixture after the reaction has taken place. Also, the purification of the catalytic surfaces of the energy receiving element for its reuse can be much simpler than with the presence of suspended reaction promoting compounds, thereby imparting further practicality to the process.

Preference is given to heat transfer bodies or EM energy absorption elements which have surface coatings with a reactive and / or reaction-promoting effect. Preference is given to the use of an EM energy absorber or EM energy absorber element for promoting the reaction of physical, physico-chemical and / or chemical processes.

Further preferred are heat transfer bodies or EM energy acceptor elements with surface coatings that are chemically inert.

Preferred is the use of an EM energy acceptor or EM energy acceptor element having a surface or surface coating which has a reactive / reaction promoting effect on a reaction mixture.

The use of an induction current heating unit as a laboratory heater and / or as a laboratory mixer is preferred.

Preference is given to the use of an EM energy absorption element as a thermocatalyst. Preference is given to the use of a thermocatalyst for initiating, stabilizing and / or improving a biological, chemical and / or bio-chemical reaction.

In a further embodiment, the surfaces of the EM Energieaufnehmerelements be coated with a coating of organic or inorganic compounds. This coating may be partial (eg, to improve lubricity) or complete (eg, to protect the energy absorber material from aggressive substances). In principle, all known from the prior art organic film-forming compounds can be used. Again, the choice of material depends on the application. However, compounds which are themselves not toxic or from which no toxic compounds can escape are preferred. As another requirement, these compounds are required to be heat resistant. Therefore, preferred are also inorganic compounds, such as alloys, particularly preferred are metallic alloys, e.g. made of cobalt-chrome. Preference is furthermore given to compounds which have a high impact and tensile strength and can be applied in a thin layer in a flat and closed manner. Particular preference is given to compounds which have a high modulus of elasticity so as not to break when thermally induced expansion of the EM energy absorber occurs. Furthermore, the inorganic or organic compound should be substantially chemically inert and in particular should not be decomposed by acids or alkalis. Preferred are enamels, PTFE, PEEK. Particularly preferred are materials which have a high thermal conductivity and / or require a very low material application.

In a further preferred embodiment, ultrathin temperature- and chemical-resistant coatings or seals are used, which at the same time have a low heat resistance. These include coating processes with carbon or carbon compounds, such. As a carbon coating, which is applied by CVD method (diamond-like-carbon). Also preferred are coatings of silicon carbide, aluminum nitrite, platinum, gold or silver.

Preference is given to heat transfer bodies or EM energy absorbing elements, with thin surface coatings, which are produced by means of a vapor deposition method. Preference is given to EM energy receivers consisting of an element or compounds which have / have a high electrical conductivity and / or are coated with such an element / compound.

Preference is given to EM energy absorbers which consist of an element or compounds which / have a high thermal conductivity and / or are coated with such an element / compound.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the temperature of the EM energy absorption element is adjustable via a feedback control. This refers to both the temperature of the surface of any point of the EM energy receiving element and the temperature present within the EM energy absorbing element.

Preference is given to devices for determining the temperature in the energy absorption element or on its surface by means of one or more temperature sensor (s).

In a further preferred embodiment, a temperature sensor is located directly on or in the EM energy receiver, whereby the temperature of the EM energy absorber can be recorded without delay. For this purpose, it may be necessary to establish a gapless connection of the sensor to the EM energy absorber. Suitable temperature probes, z. B. in the form of a wire which is applied to the EM energy absorber, are known in the prior art, those skilled in methods for delay-free transmission of solid-state temperatures are known. In a preferred embodiment, the EM energy absorbing element includes a plurality of temperature sensors. The temperature measurement on the surface of the heat transfer body is preferred. Furthermore, this preferably includes the EM energy absorbing element one or more temperature measuring devices for determining the temperature of the surrounding medium.

Preferred is an EM energy acceptor element containing at least one device for determining the temperature of the liquid or solid in which it is located. In a preferred embodiment, a determination of the temperature of the medium to be heated and / or the EM energy absorber by means of one or more temperature probe (s), which is / are integrated in the EM energy absorption element. In a preferred embodiment, a temperature sensor available from the prior art is mounted on the surface of the energy receiving element. Preferably, the sensor region is not directly on the surface of the EM energy absorber, but has a distance to this, which measures at least 1 mm, more preferably at least 2 mm and more preferably at least 3 mm. It may be advantageous to carry out a thermal shield of the heat transfer body. For this purpose, materials known in the art can be used. The sensor can be held by the wire connections of the sensor or by its own support, which can be made of any heat-stable material, which can be firmly connected to the heat transfer body. Advantageously, the coating of the sensor and the electrical connection of the temperature sensor by a coating, as listed herein. Particularly advantageous are coatings which have a high thermal conductivity, such as. B. diamond-like-carbon or silicon carbide.

Preferred is an EM energy absorber element with an integrated device for temperature detection of the EM Energieaufnehmerelements and / or the surrounding medium. In one embodiment, a measurement of the temperature of the medium to be heated by one or more independent of the EM energy absorption element temperature measuring device (s). This is particularly advantageous if large volumes are to be heated / tempered in relation to the surface of the EM energy absorption element. In this case, the measurement signal (s), the measured temperature value can be supplied to the control unit by an additional input to the EM energy generator unit and used integratively to control the EM energy output. In another embodiment, the temperature of the medium is measured only by a separate measuring device and the EM energy receiving element does not have a temperature probe. In this case, the regulation of the energy release quantity takes place on the basis of the measurement / control method described above. This can be advantageous in particular when the EM energy absorption element may only be very small and is therefore used only as a heat transfer body. But there are also other constellations advantageous. For example, EM energy absorption elements which are only available via an HF induction current generator and one or more internal and / or one or more have external temperature probes. The selection and arrangement of the temperature probes depends on the application.

In one embodiment, the temperature sensor (s) is / are connected to a radio transmitter. The temperature sensor (s) is / are connected in one embodiment to an RF induction current generator (s.o.) for the power supply. In another embodiment, the F-radio transmitter is connected to the RF induction current generator for the power supply. By combining these embodiments, the electronic components of the EM Energieaufnehmerelements can be operated electrically and temperature readings are transmitted as an RF radio signal.

The heating / heating method according to the invention in the electromagnetic near field and / or far field of an EM energy generator takes place in a particularly advantageous embodiment by controlling the energy output of the EM energy generator to a defined temperature of the liquid to be tempered, a fusible solid and / or a To adjust solid state. For this purpose, the temperature values which occur in or on the surface of the energy absorber and the temperature values present in the surrounding medium are determined by means of temperature sensors and the determined values are transmitted to a control unit by radio transmission, which preferably takes place in the radio frequency range (see below). Preferred is a direct inductive heating / heating process in which the values of the temperature probe measurement of the EM energy receiving element are continuously transmitted by means of a radio transmission to an external receiver unit.

Further preferred is a method for controlling the amount of electromagnetic energy for heating an EM energy absorption element based on the temperature values transmitted by the EM energy absorption element.

The method according to the invention makes it possible for the first time to provide a contactless direct heating and tempering method of liquids, fusible solids and / or solids in vessels located in the near and / or far field of an electromagnetic field of an EM energy generator. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the tempering method for stationary or mobile use is applicable, without the need to use special containers for this purpose, provided that the material from which they consist does not adsorb electromagnetic energy. In a further preferred embodiment, the temperature sensor (s) are / are connected to a radio transmitter unit. The radio transmission unit preferably consists of a radio antenna and an RF radio transmitter, which are connected to each other. Such structures are known in the art. Any other type of wireless signaling is also a preferred embodiment. The RF radio antenna may preferably be applied to the outside of the energy absorbing element.

In a preferred embodiment, the operating current of this radio transmitter unit is provided by an inductive power generation unit, as described above, to which it is electrically connected. In one embodiment, the energy supply for the electrical supply of electrical or electronic components of the EM energy absorption element takes place by a Battery or a rechargeable battery, which is (s) mounted in a socket in or on the energy absorbing element / are. In this case, the power receiving element may not include an RF induction coil or RF induction current generator. Preference is given to EM energy absorption elements which contain a radio transmission unit for signal transmission.

The electronic components (RF induction coil, RF induction current generator, radio transmitter unit and their connections) are preferably introduced into one or more cavities of the EM energy absorber element, which is preferably located in the center of the EM energy absorber element. Preferably, such a cavity is not covered from one side by a magnetic wave adsorbing structure of the EM energy absorber. More preferably, the 2-side electronic components are not covered by a magnetic wave adsorbing structure. This has the advantage that the electromagnetic energy field required to generate the induction current is not weakened or only slightly attenuated by overlapping structures. For this purpose, it is advantageous if the cavity for receiving the RF induction coil at a position of the EM Energieaufnehmerelements is that ensures the greatest possible spatial approximation to the near field of EM energy delivery area, preferably by a self-alignment of the EM energy absorption element after the Insertion in a liquid container. This object is achieved in particular in EM energy absorption elements which are to be used for agitation of liquids for rotation, characterized in that the cavity is preferably in or along the axis of rotation of the energy absorber. Should a spherical or cubic embodiment of the energy absorber have more than one axis of rotation, it is advantageous to place the cavity for the electronic components in the region of the center of gravity of the EM energy absorber and to connect the adjacent magnetic wave adsorbing components of the energy absorber only via support bridges, so that an immediate transmission of the electromagnetic energy field for inductive power generation is made possible at any axis of rotation. Preference is given to EM energy absorption elements which have / have one or more cavities for receiving electronic components.

In a further preferred embodiment, the electronic components are introduced into a cavity of the EM energy absorption element, which are located in the far field or outside the electromagnetic energy field. In this case, only the RF induction coil

placed in the near or far field of the electromagnetic field.

In a further preferred embodiment, permanent magnetic or magnetizable regions are located in and / or on the EM energy absorption element. For this purpose, z. As a bar magnet or an iron part of the prior art.

Preferably, at least two magnetic or magnetizable regions are provided which are positioned in / on the energy receiving element such that the magnetic or magnetizable regions extend as far as possible to the surface of the EM energy absorbing element or protrude above it and the axis forming two of these sections together , the center of gravity and / or the axis of rotation of the energy absorber passes through the center. In the In the simplest and preferred embodiment, the EM Energieaufnehmerelement consists of a permanent magnet. In another embodiment, one or more magnets are located in the lower (pad-facing) region of the EM energy absorbing element and are here superimposed on the energy absorption element or embedded in a depression. In another preferred embodiment, the pole regions of a rod-shaped energy absorption element are made of a magnetic or magnetizable material. These devices allow rotation of the EM energy absorbing element by an external moving magnetic field. This is particularly advantageous if the EM energy absorption element is also to be used for mixing the medium in which it is located. It is also advantageous that by combining a heating of the surfaces of the EM energy absorption element with a movement of these in a medium, a significantly better convection of the introduced heat energy can be achieved than is the case with an indirect heating with a heating / stirring mixer.

Preference is given to EM energy absorber elements which consist of a magnetic or magnetizable material or have areas containing magnetic or magnetizable materials.

With the method, for the first time, a liquid, a solid to be melted, and / or a solid can be heated and / or tempered and at the same time mixed without contact (without a line-supported power supply) and without external heating.

Preferably, therefore, a method for Induktionsstromerhitzung of liquids and / or fusible solids, which is characterized by an EM energy generator unit and an EM Energieaufnehmerelement, wherein the EM Energieaufnehmerelement contactless in the electromagnetic near and / or far field of the EM energy generator of EM-energy transmitter unit is located and in which, in addition to a heating and / or tempering at the same time a thorough mixing of the liquid, a fusible solid and / or a solid is carried out by the EM Energieaufnehmerelement.

Preference is given to a device in which the EM Energieaufnehmerelement in addition to a heating / tempering also performs a mixing of a liquid in a container.

Preference is given to a device in which, in addition to the heating and / or temperature control, mixing of the liquid and / or the fusible solid takes place simultaneously, whereby a manget- or electromagnet-based drive device of the EM energy delivery unit is rotated or controlled electronically, whereby a moving Magnetic field in the EM energy delivery region is generated, which is magnetically coupled to at least one magnetic or magnetizable region of the EM Energieaufnehmerelements and whereby a movement of the EM Energieaufnehmerelements is performed.

In another particularly preferred embodiment, instead of or in addition to the permanent magnet, a device is installed with which a magnetic field can be inductively produced. For this purpose, techniques can be used which are known to the person skilled in the art. Thus, in one embodiment, instead of permanent magnets, a magnetic coil, the z. B. of a copper wire and a core of iron or other magnetizable substance or compound, will be used, which on a rotational axis of the Energieaufnehmerelements be positioned in the same manner as described above. The power supply for generating an induction current is thereby ensured by an electrical connection to an RF induction current generator, as described herein. In a further particularly preferred embodiment, the EM energy absorption element contains additional components in addition to or instead of the described components. In a preferred embodiment, the EM energy receiving element includes an electronic component for detecting a centrifugal acceleration. Preferably, the power supply via the above-described components and advantageously the measurement signal is transmitted with a radio transmitter as described herein to the EM energy generator unit. In a particularly advantageous manner can be determined so immediately with which frequency the EM energy absorbing element rotates. This is particularly advantageous when the EM energy absorbing element in the container or medium in which it is located, can not be seen from the outside.

An EM energy sensor element which contains a device for detecting rotational frequency and in which these measured values are transmitted via a radio signal to the EM energy generator unit is preferred.

Other components can be installed, such. b. for the determination of the pH or the pressure. Such measuring elements are very advantageous, for example, in chemical processes which are to take place in a closed container.

The task of non-contact heating a liquid or a solid, located in a non-metallic container with an electromagnetic energy absorber, is carried out with the previously described embodiments by placing the container, with the EM energy-absorbing element located therein, in close proximity to an EM sensor. Energy transmitter is placed on the EM energy delivery area and the power is turned on.

The heating / tempering process according to the invention with an induction current heating unit is particularly advantageous in the case of heating and / or tempering tasks of liquid ketene and solids which are present in different containers, since the degree of heating does not depend on the type, shape or size of the installation surface or the container material. It could thus be shown that the same amount of liquid, which was in different containers, was heated at different rates with an indirect heating method, whereas an induction heating unit according to the invention always resulted in a similar heating behavior.

Preferred is a method for contactless inductive direct heating / heating of liquids, fusible solids and / or solids, which are located in non-metallic containers.

Preferred is a device in which the EM Energieaufnehmerelement is in a / a liquid / solid, which / is present in a container which consists of a material that does not or only slightly adsorbs the applied EM energy field.

With the induction current heating unit according to the invention and the multiplicity of embodiments disclosed herein, there are unexpectedly advantageous effects in the heating and temperature control of liquids, fusible solids and solids. Thus, it has been shown that, compared to prior art methods of heating liquids, faster and more uniform heating of liquids and fusible solids he follows. Furthermore, it is possible by the contactless determination of the temperature of the EM Energieaufnehmerelements and the surrounding liquid to ensure a pinpoint temperature setting, without the need for an external temperature probe must be introduced into the medium to be tempered. Furthermore, with the heating system according to the invention, a local overheating of the medium to be heated can be reliably prevented, at a comparable or faster heating rate to externally located heat sources. A faster heating of liquids compared to conventional heating systems is made possible, in particular, by the use of laminar or stacked (3-dimesional) EM-engieaufnahmeelemente. Such EM-Engergieaufnahmeelemente have installed in a container and electrically operated heaters the advantage that they can be easily removed and cleaned after an application. This also facilitates the cleaning of the container. In addition, the EM energy absorbing elements can be sealed with a large number of surface coating materials, so that depending on the application, coatings can be selected, the z. B. prevent adhesion of components of the liquid or solids to be heated. On the other hand can be produced in previously unknown degree and simplicity heated surfaces that can be used to z. B. to selectively effect biological and chemical reactions and / or to accelerate or to keep constant. Furthermore, in the prior art devices with which a liquid or a solid can be heated and mixed simultaneously via an inductive energy transfer are not known. From this combination, further advantageous effects. Thus, it could be shown that the tempering of foodstuffs was a preservation of taste properties and no changes in their consistency, which was not the case with tempering, which was done with the method of the prior art. Another significant advantage over the prior art results from the fact that with the Induktionsstromerhitzungseinheiten invention reliable heating and temperature control of liquids and / or solids is possible, which is independent of the nature and dimensions of the bearing surfaces of the containers in which they are. Furthermore, no contactless heating devices for containers consisting of cellulosic materials or plastics are known from the prior art. The herein disclosed and highly advantageous effects in the heating and temperature control of liquids and solids are particularly by the combination of an inductive energy generator and energy absorber, an inductive energy converter and a temperature sensor and a telemetric signal transmission system of EM Energieaufnehmerelements, a magnetic rotary drive and a non-contact Control and control, together with control technology, possible.

Surprisingly, it has further been shown that the process of direct induction current heating has lower energy consumption than conventional heating or tempering processes. For example, it could be shown that it was possible to heat a medium with an induction current heating unit according to the invention with a considerably lower energy consumption when the same temperature was reached than was the case with indirect heating.

Preference is given to an induction current heating element for contactless and direct degree accurate heating / temperature control of liquids / solids, which are present in any non-metallic containers, in which a continuous determination of the actually present Temperature of the medium to be heated / tempered and actual temperature-controlled automatic control of the EM energy release takes place, with simultaneous mixing of the / to be heated liquid / solid by agitation of the EM energy absorption element.

Preference is given to a method in which overheating-free heating and / or temperature control of liquids or liquefiable solids is ensured.

The combination of an EM energy absorber or a plurality of EM energy receivers, as described herein, with one or more inner and / or outer temperature sensors whose measurement signal is passed to a control unit for the EM energy generator, e.g. As with a radio transmission system as described herein, represents a particularly preferred embodiment, since it is thereby possible to regulate the EM energy supply and thus the heating of the energy absorber and thereby (1) the heating conditions of the liquid / article, in which the EM energy absorber element is to control and (2) to control the surface temperature of the EM energy absorber element. In a particularly advantageous manner, this can be used to ensure contactless direct heating or temperature control of liquids according to adjustable criteria. It is also advantageous that a heating of the contact surface to the liquid or an object is adjusted so that undesirable thermal reactions fail and / or desired thermal reactions are brought about and overheating of the EM Energieaufnehmerelements can be prevented. Furthermore, the EM energy absorbing element can be heated to a freely selectable and controllable temperature, depending on the set by feedback of the temperature signals electromagnetic energy field. Preferably, the heating / temperature of the surrounding medium in a temperature range between 10 ° and 350 ° C, more preferably between 25 ° and 100 ° C and more preferably temperatures between 40 ° and 85 ° C. Further preferred are temperatures at the surface of the energy absorbing element, which can be limited to maximum values between 25 ° and 450 ° C, more preferred are maximum values between 30 ° and 180 ° C and particularly preferred are maximum values between 37 ° and 99 ° C.

Preference is therefore given to a method and devices for contactless inductive heating and / or temperature control of liquids and / or fusible solids using at least one EM Energieaufnehmerelements consisting of an EM energy absorber and at least one temperature measuring device and / or a radio transmitter and / or a HF - Induction coil and / or an RF induction current generator and / or a magnet / magnetizable material and the associated compounds and at least one EM energy delivery unit, consisting of at least one EM energy generator and an RF alternator and a radio receiver and / or a measuring and Control module and / or a control element and the associated connections.

Thus, there may be provided a method of controlled and energy efficient and direct heating and / or temperature control of liquids and / or liquefiable solids which is practicable by the devices described herein and which comprises the following steps:

1. generating at least one collimated and directed electromagnetic energy field and delivering the electromagnetic energy field into an electromagnetic energy delivery area provided by an electromagnetic energy delivery device of an electromagnetic energy delivery unit, wherein the electromagnetic energy emitter comprises at least one coil, which is made of at least one electrically conductive wire or an electrically conductive foil, in particular which is in the form of an at least simple circular arrangement, which is wound around at least one component of a ferrite at least once, and

wherein the at least one wire or the at least one film is connected to a high-frequency AC generator and the at least one wire or the at least one film is coupled to an electrical current of an electrical resonant circuit or by coupling with the at least one electrical resonant circuit of a high-frequency AC generator an alternating current is applied, wherein the alternating electrical current takes a frequency between 10 Hz and 1 MHz, and

wherein a ferrite body has at least one base and at least one projection, and the at least one wire or sheet at least partially wraps around at least part of the base and / or the projection and the energy delivery area faces the base, and in the event of more than a projection, opposite the base and located in an area between the projections;

2 arranging and aligning an electromagnetic Energieaufnehmerelements consisting of at least one electromagnetic Engergieaufnehmer and a heat transfer body and at least one functional element, comprising a temperature measuring device, an RF induction current generator and a radio transmitter, in a liquid medium or fusible solid, wherein

an arrangement of the Energieaufnehmerelements in the near or far field region of the electromagnetic energy field of the electromagnetic energy generator takes place and wherein the electromagnetic energy absorption plane or the electromagnetic Energieaufnehmer the Energieaufnehmerelements surface parallel to the surface of the electromagnetic radiation range or the electromagnetic energy delivery area, in particular horizontally to the propagation direction of the electromagnetic energy field, that of delivered to the energy provider,

3-la. Absorption or adsorption of the at least one electromagnetic energy field by at least one energy absorber of the energy absorption element, wherein a conversion of the electromagnetic energy into thermal and / or electrical energy takes place, and

wherein the at least one energy absorber is configured for the absorption or adsorption of the electromagnetic energy and generation of thermal energy, in the form of at least one film and / or disc, which consists of a metal and / or carbon, and wherein the absorption or adsorption of the electromagnetic energy and conversion into electrical energy by a high-frequency induction coil takes place, and

3-1 b transferring the thermal energy provided in the at least one energy absorber to a heat release body, the transmission being effected by a thermally conductive connection, and delivery of the thermal energy to the surrounding medium, and

3-1 la wherein the absorption and adsorption of the electromagnetic energy field by a high-frequency induction coil of the RF induction current generator of the energy absorbing element takes place and the adsorbed electromagnetic energy is converted by the RF induction current generator into a direct electrical current and

3-11 providing a DC electrical voltage for at least one electronic functional unit of the energy absorbing element, wherein the at least one electronic Functional unit comprises in particular a temperature measuring device and a radio transmitter for transmitting measurement data by means of electromagnetic waves,

3-111 continuously determining at least one temperature of the medium / solid surrounding the energy receiving element and transmitting the measurement data to a radio transmitter,

4 transmission of the measurement data from at least one of the functional units of the energy receiving element to at least one radio receiver unit of the energy delivery unit, wherein in particular the measurement data are transmitted to a temperature determination,

5a reception of the radio signal of the radio transmitter by the radio receiver and conversion of the radio signals into an electrical voltage or pulse and transmission of the voltage / pulse to a control and control unit of the energy transmitter unit,

FIG. 5b Control of the maximum power consumption of the at least one high-frequency AC generator of the energy transmitter unit on the basis of a nominal / actual value calculation by the control and control unit, using the measured data transmitted in step 4 as the actual value and a setpoint value at a control unit the energy transmitter unit is adjustable,

6 heating / tempering of the surrounding medium by the EM Energieaufnehmerelement in step 3-1 b to a temperature according to the target default in step 5b and / or keeping constant the target temperature in the surrounding medium / solid. definitions:

As an EM energy generator is herein understood a device which consists of one or more core / cores of a magnetic wave-conducting material and / which is surrounded by an electrical conductor / in which / by an electrical voltage resonant circuit, the electrical Conductor traverses, an electromagnetic energy field is induced. The electrical conductor is electrically isolated from the core.

As an EM energy absorber herein is meant a device consisting of a composite of one or more magnetic wave adsorbing material (s) that adsorbs and converts an electromagnetic energy field into heat energy.

A radio transmitter is understood herein to mean an electronic device which converts an electrical pulse or voltage value into a radio signal and emits it.

As a radio receiver herein is meant an electronic device which converts a radio signal into an electrical pulse or voltage value and forwards it as an electrical signal.

As an induction current heating unit is meant herein, a device comprising an EM energy generator unit and an EM Energieaufnehmerelement.

The liquids listed herein are all liquid media, this includes water, oils, solvents, suspensions, dispersions and emulsions. The solids listed herein are preferably fusible solids, which is why the terms are also used interchangeably, which are compounds / mixtures which have a liquid state of aggregation at temperatures up to 100 ° C and at room temperature or in a cooled state have solid state of aggregation. As examples of this his listed: fats, waxes, resins, bitumen.

As solid is defined herein any mass that does not behave like a liquid or fusible solid defined herein and that has a solid state of aggregation. Examples include foods such as meat, lanyards, foils, wood, metals, plastics, glass.

The term contactless heating and / or tempering is understood to mean any form of wireless or non-conductive contact transmission of energy. In this case, contactless means that there is no line-connected connection to the medium to be heated. The contactless heating and / or tempering also refers to a direct heating and / or temperature, which is present when the heat energy input takes place within the medium to be heated / tempered.

The term contactless is thus also used herein for a heat energy input, which does not occur by an indirect / external heat source. As used herein, the term reactive / reaction promoting compound means any element or compound of elements whose presence results in other elements and / or compounds being physically and / or chemically altered to an extent that would not be the case in their absence. Examples of applications of such reactions are substance syntheses or catalysis, addition reactions, reductions, oxidations, structural transformations but also activations, passivation or degradation of biological substances. Examples of the reactive / promoting compounds herein are, for example, catalysts, enzymes, coenzymes, cofactors, ligands.

By the term reaction mixture is meant herein a plurality of one or more elements / compounds which physically / chemically interact / react under suitable conditions. These reactants may have any state of aggregation and be in a solid, liquid or gaseous medium and in a vacuum or be themselves the medium. By the terms electro-magnetic near field and far field is meant herein, the area in which decoupling / adsorption of electromagnetic waves emitted by an EM energy generator is through a substance / compound. For the determination of the area in which the adsorption takes place, the distance between the emission level of the EM energy generator and the location / level at / in which an adsorption of the electromagnetic energy is decisive.

The term magnetic-wave-adsorbing compounds is understood herein to mean elements and / or compounds of elements which adsorb electromagnetic waves in the form of an eddy-current loss line or of magnetization losses and which are heat up by this. The process is known as inductive heating. The physical process is also referred to herein as adsorption.

materials

EM energy absorber

In principle, all elements or compounds which are suitable for the adsorption of electromagnetic energy can be used to produce an EM energy absorber according to the invention. This includes the following pure substances and compounds: silver, copper, gold, iron, magnetized iron, aluminum, brass, chromium, stainless steel, lead, tungsten, tin, zinc, gadolinium, indium and carbon, in particular in the form of graphites.

Included are complexes and compounds of several of these elements. Also included are connections and the like. a. with oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus.

Preferred are energy absorbers having an electrical conductivity of preferably from 10 ⁶ to 150 '10 ⁶ S / m, more preferably from 30' 10 ⁶ to 150 '10 ⁶ S / m, and more preferably between 60' 10 ⁶ to 150 x 10 ⁶ S / m have.

Preference is given to EM energy receivers which have a thermal conductivity of preferably> 100 W / (m-K), more preferably 150 W / (m-K), more preferably> 200 W / (m-K). More preferred are EM energy absorbers, which had both a high electrical conductivity, as well as high thermal conductivity.

Preferred is graphite formed by rolling, pressing, sintering or other methods. Particularly preferred is an expanded graphite mold. In this case, graphites are preferred with a high thermal conductivity. Particularly preferred are graphite foils. Further preferred are graphite foils of expanded and subsequently pressed graphite. Preferred are thin films (<1.0 mm) which have an electrical conductivity of> 80 '10 ⁶ S / m.

The listed elements or compounds / complexes can be used individually or combined with each other. Furthermore, surcharges and / or the incorporation of binders are possible.

The related elements / compounds are brought into the desired form by established methods. This can be z. B. in the form of a melt-casting process, sintering or pressing. A layered structure is also possible. Furthermore, components can be embedded in the material of the EM energy absorber such. B. a permanent magnet.

The elements or compounds suitable for adsorbing the electromagnetic energy may be continuously, e.g. B. in the form of a melt or a sintering or discontinuous, z. B. in the form of granules, particles or particles of any size and shape, which are interrupted by other substances or compounds.

Preference is given to elements and compounds which have a high electrical conductivity, such as. As graphite, copper, iron, silver and aluminum.

Preference is also given to elements and compounds which have a high thermal conductivity, such. As graphite, copper and aluminum.

Particularly preferred are elements or compounds which have both high electrical and thermal conductivity. Preference is given here to graphites which have been expanded and subsequently pressed into films.

EM energy donor In the preferred method embodiment, the EM energy generator consists of a coil and a coil core, which emit electromagnetic energy in the applications according to the invention and thus represent an EM energy generator.

The coil consists of an electrical conductor. In principle, all elements or connections which are suitable for conducting an electrical energy can be used. This includes the following pure substances: silver, copper, gold, iron, aluminum, chromium, stainless steel, tungsten, tin, zinc, gadolinium, indium, graphite.

The coil core is preferably made of a material that can cause a conversion of an electromagnetic energy field. Umrichtung means that the Vektorgram the emanating from a coil electromagnetic field lines is changed by the suitable material for forming a material. Particularly suitable for this purpose are ferrites, wherein ferrites with additives, such as manganese-zinc ferrites (Mn _a Zn (i. _A) Fe ₂ 0 ₄₎ or nickel-zinc ferrites (Ni _a Zn (i. _A) Fe ₂ 0 ₄ ) are preferred.

Also preferred are complexes and compounds of several of these elements. Also included are compounds for. B. with oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus.

The related elements / compounds are brought into the desired form by established methods. This can be z. B. in the form of a melt-casting process, sintering or pressing. A layered structure is also possible. uses

In principle, the devices according to the invention can be used for all heating or tempering tasks of liquids or fusible solids, as defined herein, in containers. This is especially true if this indirect heating, or contact with a fireplace / heat source is not possible or not wanted. Further, in applications where a direct heating is desired and / or where a contact with a connecting cable or a temperature measuring device should not take place. Particularly advantageous is a device according to the invention in the heating and / or temperature of hot drinks, such as coffee or coffee drinks, tea, but also soups, desweitern of food, such as sauces or vegetables. It is particularly advantageous that in addition to the heating and a metered mixing of the liquids can be made. Furthermore, it is advantageous that when using an EM energy absorbing element suitable for this purpose, local overheating does not occur which leads to an impairment of the taste and / or the consistency of the heated liquid. Such positive effects are also found in the heating / tempering of solids, so it comes for example in food neither to a "drying out" nor to consistency changes, when using a suitable energy absorber, a "burning" or an adhesion of food or other ingredients that due to local overheating can be completely avoided. Furthermore, a constant maintenance of the preselected temperature can be ensured in a medium. The method is also particularly suitable for heating and tempering liquid reservoirs, such as those used, for example, for heating food. Also advantageous is the heating of oils or fats. Such applications can be used for the preparation of food, eg for frying. Heating and tempering of aqueous media or oils can also be used in industrial processes. Particularly advantageous applications also exist the heating of fusible solids or highly viscous substances, which become liquid at a temperature increase. If an EM energy absorbing element with a large surface area is introduced into such a solid mass, a faster heating of the mass can thereby be effected, than with an indirect heating which takes place via a container surface. Such an application is particularly suitable for temperature-sensitive foods, such as butter or cocoa mass.

However, applications in biological or chemical laboratories are also particularly advantageous. It is particularly advantageous that the energy input is introduced directly and within a liquid. In particular, by means of EM energy donor elements which are coated with reaction-promoting compounds, it is possible to control temperature-sensitive reactions in reaction mixtures very precisely. When using an embodiment in which the EM Energieaufnehmeelement has the additional function of mixing by a magnetokinetic agitation of the EM Energieaufnehmerelements, can be entered in a very advantageous manner, the heat energy quickly into the medium without a local overheating of the heated or tempered Liquid that can be reliably avoided. In a particularly advantageous manner, local overheating is prevented by the EM energy absorbing element having an external and / or internal temperature sensor. As a result, the surface temperature of the EM energy absorber can be limited so that temperature-labile compounds or living cells are not thermally damaged.

The temperature range suitable for the various applications can vary considerably. Thus, for heating liquids with heat-labile compounds and cell suspensions, temperature ranges between 15 ° C and 45 ° C are preferred, more preferably between 20 ° and 40 ° C, and most preferably between 25 ° and 37 ° C. In hot beverages, in turn, the preferred temperature ranges are between 40 ° and 100 ° C, more preferably between 50 ° and 85 ° C, and most preferably between 60 ° and 75 ° C. For non-aqueous media, such as. For example, oils or ionic liquids, it may be necessary to set temperatures preferably between 80 ° and 350 ° C, more preferably between 90 ° and 200 ° C, and most preferably between 99 ° and 150 ° C. Further advantageous embodiments include:

1. A process for the induction current heating and / or induction current temperature control of liquids and / or solids, characterized by

a) an energy transmitter unit and

b) a Energieaufnehmerelement that is contactless in the electromagnetic near and / or far field of the energy generator unit.

2. devices for contactless heating of liquids and / or solids,

marked by,

a) an energy transmitter unit and

b) a Energieaufnehmerelement located in the electromagnetic near and / or far field of the energy generator unit.

3. One of the aforementioned methods or devices, wherein the liquid and / or a solid in a container made of glass, ceramic, a plastic or

Cellulosic materials is / are located. One of the aforementioned methods or devices, in which, in addition to the heating and / or temperature, mixing of the liquid and / or of the fusible solid takes place at the same time.

A Energieaufnehmerelement, consisting of an energy absorber and at least one temperature measuring device and / or a radio transmitter and / or an RF induction coil and / or an RF induction current generator and / or a

Magnets / magnetizable material and associated compounds.

An energy delivery unit, comprising an energy generator and an HF alternator and at least one radio receiver and / or a measuring and control module and / or a control element and the associated connections.

One of the aforementioned methods or devices, wherein the control of the amount of electromagnetic energy for heating the energy absorbing element based on the transmitted by the energy receiving element temperature values.

One of the aforementioned methods or devices, wherein the

Energy absorption element has a reactive / reaction promoting surface coating. An application of any of the aforesaid apparatus in which a liquid / solid to be heated, in any non-metallic container, is heated / heated with an induction current heating element in a contact-free and degree-accurate manner, measuring the actual temperature and automatic control the energy delivery, with or without simultaneous (mixed) by agitation of the energy absorbing element.

List of Figures:

Figure 1A. EM energy generator unit according to Example 1.

Figure 1B: EM energy absorber unit according to Example 1.

Figure 2: Graphical representation of the temperature profile in containers of the experiment in Ex. 2.

Figure 3 A and B: Components of the EM energy transmitter unit according to Example 3.

Figure 4 A: View of the EM energy absorber element according to Example 4.

Figure 4 B: Enlarged view of a component in Figure 4 A.

Figures 5 A and 5 B: Cross-section and top view of the EM energy supplier in accordance with Example 5.

Figures 5 C - E: EM energy absorber unit according to Example 5.

Figure 6A: View of the EM energy absorber element according to Example 6.

Figure 6B: View of the EM energy delivery unit according to example 6.

Figure 7A: View of the cylindrical EM energy delivery unit according to Example 7.

Figure 7B: View and top view of the EM energy absorber unit according to Example 7.

Figure 8A: Cross-sectional view of the EM energy absorbing element according to Example 8

Figure 8B: Graphical representation of the temperature curve of the experiment according to Ex. 9.

Figure 8C: Graphical representation of the conversion rate of the alcohol in the experiment according to Ex. 9.

Figure 9: Table 1: Results of individual (VI) and combined use of slides and

Washers, as well as massive workpieces (10mm) of these materials, in the experimental setup

AI - S3. The internal power dissipation in this process arrangement was 0.3 A. The maximum

Power consumption of the HF voltage generator was limited to 4.5 A. Figure descriptions:

Figure 1A: An oblique view of the EM energy delivery unit according to Example 1. 100a: Core of the EM energy provider; 100b: EM energy generator; 101: HF alternator; 102: DC generator; 103: measuring and control module; 104: display unit; 105: RF radio receiver unit; 106: connection cable (not shown in this perspective); 107: EM energy delivery area; 108: control; 109: mechanical magnetic rotary device (109) (the holding and driving device is located below the energy generator and is therefore not shown). Figure 1B: EM-Energieaufnehmereinheit according to Example 1, lateral oblique view. 110: EM energy absorber whose 2 halves are connected by a shaft (124). This creates a free space called excavation 1 (119). On the shaft, the HF induction coil (111) is freely rotating attached and laterally 2 brass rings (123) are firmly mounted. At 111 two strips of copper sheet are mounted, which is shaped so that the free ends on both sides contact the 123. The discs are connected to the ends of the spool. The connection cables extend through a notch (127) of 110 into the excavation 2 (120). Here there is a connection with the mounted here HF induction current generator (112). From this goes from a connecting cable and extends in 127 to the excavation 3 (121) and is here connected to the RF radio transmitter (113). From 113, the RF radio antenna (114) goes off and goes to 127. An internal temperature sensor (116) departs from 113 and runs in a bore (later potted) to below the surface of 110. An external temperature sensor (115) Degends from 114 and passes through a bore on the outer surface of one of the permanent magnets (118), which are glued on both sides 110 laterally. The probe end is located in a central recess of the bonded PEEK molding (125). Figure 2: Graphical representation of the temperature profile which was registered in the containers a) - e) according to Example 2, in a test with a Laborrührerheizplatte (2A) and with an induction current heating unit (2B).

Figure 3 A and B: Components of the EM energy transmitter unit from Example 3. A) Oversight; B) Cross section. 300a: ferrite core of the EM energy generator; 300b: coil of the EM energy generator (not graphically shown in A); 301: electromagnets, with pole shoes and holder; 302: Connecting cable. Figure 3 C: EM energy absorber element according to Example 3: 310: EM energy absorber (graphite compact); 311a: upper and 311b laterally protruding outer temperature sensor, 312: magnet (1 of 4) mounted on the underside of the EM energy absorber; 313: Excavation in the center of the lower-side plateau region of the EM energy absorber. Figure 3D shows the excavation 313 in the top view, with the components mounted: 314: HF induction current generator; 315: RF induction coil with attached contact sheets; 316: bracket of 315, on the shaft are each mounted a brass ring with electrical connection; an RF radio transmitter with antenna (117), as well as connection connections. Figure 3E: Graphical representation of the temperature setpoints and the measured temperature values from Example 3, for heating with a hotplate and the induction current heating unit. Figure 4: A) Lateral oblique view of the EM energy absorber element according to Example 4. 400: EM energy absorber in the form of tubes; 401: Frame construction for enclosing the EM energy absorber and receiving the electronic components in one of the connecting regions (401a), in which the compound only in the form of two outer webs erflogt, the resulting excavation was finally sealed watertight by a stainless steel sheet. Figure 4B shows an enlargement of 401a. Shown are the wall surfaces of the excavation with the mounted thereon electronic components: 402: RF radio transmitter; 403: HF alternator; 404: RF induction coil; 405: conductor plate and brass sleeve. The connection connections are not shown.

Figure 5: A and B show a cross-section and the top view of the EM energy emitter according to Example 5, which consists of a ferrite molding (500) with a base plate, rectangular shaped webs and a shell core sheath. The lands are provided with coils (501) of insulated copper wire connected via side outlets to the HF (501a) AC generator. Circular are 6 electromagnetic coils (502) having upwardly directed pole pieces mounted on supports of the molding, 4 inside and 2 outside the core shell shell. The electronic components RF alternator, RF radio receiver unit, DC generator, control unit and their electrical connections are not shown.

Figures 5 C - E: EM energy absorber unit according to example 5. 5C: cross section with lateral view, 5D: top view, 5E: partial enlargement of one of the 3 discs of the EM energy absorber. 510: Two tips of outer temperature probes projecting beyond the outer edge of the uppermost disk (the terminal extends within the disk and enters the middle mounting fixture in the housing (511) which is mounted on top with the fixture). The housing contains the components not shown here: HF induction coil, HF induction current generator, RF radio transmitter, RF antenna. One internal temperature sensor is inserted under the top graphite plate and is connected to the RF radio transmitter (not shown). The 3 panes each consisted of 10 graphite plates (512) bordered on the free edge with a C-shaped copper sheet (513). The plates were additionally held together by the holders (514). At the bottom were attached to 514 permanent magnets (515).

Figure 6A: Side oblique view of the EM energy absorber element according to Example 6. 600: Base plate of the ferrite molding; 601: curved bridges; 602: central, here approximately represented, middle web; 603: permanent magnets fixed on the underside; 604: the components: RF induction coil, RF induction current generator and RF radio transmitter are located in the center at the bottom of the base plate in a removable housing.

Figure 6B: Side oblique view of the EM energy delivery unit according to Example 6. 610: Part of the housing bottom plate, with the thereon EM energy generator (nickel-zinc-ferrite molding) consisting of a base plate (611a), 8 cores (611b) and a Kernschalenwand (611c), which is centrally located below the mold bottom plate. In this support is the pivot bearing of the right-angled webs, which in turn are supports for the end-mounted bar magnets (612) (the drive device and the components: RF alternator, RF radio receiver and control unit and their connections are not shown) , The RF coil is shown by way of example only on a core (613). Figure 7A: Cross-sectional view of the cylindrical EM energy delivery unit according to Example 7. 700: HF alternator; 701: core of the energy provider; 702: Annular recess of the container base footprint for receiving the ring magnet. 703: ring magnet; 704: RF radio receiver; 705: RF induction coil of the EM energy generator; 706: installation surface for a bottom spacer of a vessel; 707: Installation surface for the bottom of the vessel.

Figure 7B: Lateral oblique view and top view of the EM-Energieaunehmereinheit according to Example 7. 710: base plate of the EM energy absorber (casting), 711: star-like cone shape of the energy absorber. The components: RF induction coil, RF power generator, RF radio transmitter and the electrical connections are located in an excavation in the center of the bottom plate with bottom opening (not shown). 712: The internal temperature probe is located in a superficial recess of the base plate, which extends radially to the outer edge and was then potted with tin. 713: The outer temperature probe is located at the top of the cone and is connected to a cable that passes through the heat transfer body for excavation.

Figure 8A: Cross-sectional view of the EM energy absorbing element according to Example 8. 800 Energy absorber, 801: exemplary representation of the internal temperature probes embedded in the surfaces of an aluminum coating and located on all 3 levels. 802: ring magnet; 803: RF radio transmitter with connections; 804: RF induction coil; 805: HF induction current generator; 806: external temperature sensor.

Examples

example 1

Induction current heating unit

A) Construction: The induction current heating unit consists of an EM energy delivery unit (Figure 1A) and an EM energy absorption element (Figure 1B).

The energy delivery unit consists of the following components: the EM energy generator (100), consisting of the core (100a) and the coil (100b), the HF alternator (101), a DC generator (102), the measurement and control module (103 ), the display unit (104), the RF radio receiver unit (105), and the connection cables (106) to the control element (108) and the mechanically driven magnetic rotary device (109).

The EM energy receiving element consists of the following components: the EM energy receiver (110), the RF induction coil (111), the RF induction current generator (112), the RF radio transmitter (113), the RF antenna (114), the Outside temperature sensor (115), the surface temperature sensor (116), the connecting cables (117) and the permanent magnet (118). The EM energy receiving element further includes an excavation 1 (119), an excavation 2 (120) and an excavation 3 (121). Also included are sliding contact plates (122), contact sleeves (123), a shaft (124) and PEEK fittings (125).

The EM energy absorber consists of a graphite block (SGL, Germany) in which 3 excavations were milled. At each end of the graphite block, a permanent magnet was attached in each case. In the central excavation (119) is the RF induction coil, with the steel core suspended by a shaft (material: PEEK) traversing it, so that the core always aligns perpendicular to the plane of the support of the Energieaufnehmerelements. On the wave On both sides of the core brass sleeves are attached, which are connected with connecting cables. The field coil consists of several layers of an insulated copper wire, whose ends are each connected to a sliding contact plate. The sliding contact plates abut the brass contact sleeves. The connection cables are embedded in a superficial notch of the power receiver and connected to the RF induction current generator mounted in the excavation 2. From this runs an electrical connection cable through the surface notch to the excavation 3 and is here connected to the radio transmitter which is mounted therein. The radio transmitter is connected to the electrical connections of the two temperature probes. The sensor wires were inserted into shallow indentations of the energy absorber. The sensor area of the surface sensor was brought into contact with the graphite block in the notch by liquid tin. The outer temperature sensor runs in the sensor area through a molded piece of PEEK, which has been glued to one of the permanent magnets and has a central exit point for the sensor wire. In the region of this exit point, there is a depression of the shaped piece, into which the sensor area protrudes. This well was then filled with liquid tin. The excavations 2 and 3 and the superficial notches were finally filled with synthetic resin. The excavation 2 was closed with a sleeve made of PEEK. The entire Energieaufnehmerelement was then provided with a 50μιτι thick full-surface coating of PTFE.

The core of the EM energy transmitter consists of a manganese-zinc ferrite (BFM8) with a frequency range of <500kHz and a power loss of 400KW / m ³ at 100kHz and 100mT (Blinzinger, Germany). The coil consists of a litz wire (Elektrisola, Germany; diameter 0.25 mm, 3.7 mm ² cross-sectional area, simple enveloped) which is placed in 2 layers each having 5 turns around the core. The RF cable is connected to the HF alternator (Cobes, Germany, 100W, 550kHz). A 2-channel F-radio receiver (Vellemann, Germany) with integrated antenna is connected to the measuring and control module (DMT, Germany). A DC generator, which is connected to a primary AC power source, provides the working current for the aforementioned electronic components. The measurement and control module is connected to the HF alternator and the control unit. The EM energy generator unit is surrounded by a molded housing made of polypropylene, in which the control unit is integrated. Below the EM energy transmitter is a web (material: PEEK), which projects laterally beyond the energy generator and is mounted centrally on a shaft, which allows unbalance-free rotation of the web. At the outer edges of the bridge permanent magnets are attached, which complete with the upper edge of the energy generator.

B) Function: The EM energy absorber element was placed in a beaker filled with 200 ml of water. The beaker was placed on the energy delivery area of the EM energy generator unit and set a target temperature at the outer temperature sensor of 80 ° C on the control. Further, a revolution frequency of 100 rpm was preselected at the control unit and the power output was started. Into the liquid was immersed a temperature measuring probe connected to a temperature measuring device for continuous temperature recording (Greisinger, Germany). A continuous increase in temperature up to 80.2 ° C was registered. After reaching the maximum, the temperature of the liquid remained constant at 80.1 ° C over the measurement period of 30 minutes, with a fluctuation range of ± 0.2 ° C. The rotational frequency of the energy absorbing element was 100 rpm. Example 2

Investigation of the effectiveness of the induction current heating unit in different containers compared to an external heat source.

The heating performance of a laboratory hotplate with a magnetic stirrer (1) (Basicmagmix 002, Froebel, Germany) was compared with an induction current heating unit (2) examined in different containers. Both devices were set to a set temperature of 60 ° C. Various containers were filled, each with 200 ml of water, which had a starting temperature of 25 ° C. The containers were a) a Erlenmeyer flask made of glass (floor area 5.9 cm ² ), b) a laboratory flask made of borosilicate glass, which had a corrugated surface (floor area 5.8 cm ² ), c) a plastic laboratory flask (floor area 5 , 8 cm ² ), d) a crystallizing dish (bottom area 5.0 cm ² ) and e) a bottle made of polyethylene (floor area 5.8 cm ² ). In the experiments with the laboratory heating plate, a stirring rod (50 mm) was inserted. Both devices had a rotation frequency of 100 rpm.

The EM energy absorption element consisted of a round tinplate (area 3 cm ² , material thickness 300μιτι) by means of a Wärmeleitfolie (Kerafol, WLF 86/50, 225μιτι material thickness) over the entire surface with an aluminum cone, the design of Example 7 (surface about 5 cm ² ) corresponded, was thermally conductively connected. The EM energy absorber had a central recess in which the functional units: HF induction current generator and RF radio transmitter were inserted and connected to the aluminum cone. Through the cone ran a temperature sensor, which was connected to the HF induction current generator and the RF radio transmitter and in which the measuring range towered over the conical surface. The rest of the construction and the components corresponded to / from Example 1. The EM energy delivery unit was constructed according to Example 1, the maximum power output was 200 watts.

The temperature of the liquids to be heated in the containers was determined 2 cm below the liquid level with a temperature probe and recorded the temperature profile continuously. The final temperature was determined after 40 minutes. Furthermore, the heating of the containers was observed with an infrared camera.

Results (summarized in Figures 2A and 2B):

The increase in temperature when heated with a laboratory stirrer was in the related containers, with the same volume of liquid and a comparable floor area and identical set temperature specification, very different in the various containers. By means of the heat detection could be determined as the cause for this, that the degree of heating in the glass vessels was dependent on the size of the direct contact surface between the glass shelves and the heating plate. In the case of the plastic container, there was a flat but somewhat lower heating. The final temperature reached also varied significantly. In contrast, with the induction current heating unit having a comparable heatable surface, the heating of the same volume of liquid in the various containers took place with a virtually identical time course. The preset setpoint temperature was kept constant after it had been reached with the induction current heating unit.

Example 3

Investigation of the heating behavior and the temperature control of an induction current heating unit as well as their effects on thermolabile compounds. Enzymes, like other proteins, are only stable up to a critical temperature in their spatial structure. If a critical temperature is exceeded, the enzymes lose their enzymatic activity. It was to be investigated whether there is a differential effect on thermodegeneration of proteins using conventional heating and heating by an induction current heating unit.

The following experimental set-up was chosen for the experiment: 1) A laboratory hotplate with magnetic stirring device and an external temperature sensor for controlling the heating power (HP20D, Witeg, Germany). 2) An induction current heating unit (Figure 3) consisting of the following components: An EM energy receiving element whose energy absorber had the shape of a flattened sphere. The outer surface was calculated to be 2.6 cm ² . In the ME energy absorbing member, there were the following above-described built-in components: an EM energy absorber, an RF induction coil, a radio transmitter, an internal and external 2 temperature sensor, an RF induction current generator, and terminal connections (see Example 1). The components were located in a lower central excavation, which was closed with a lid. At the bottom 2 permanent magnets were mounted so that they reached the contact surface. The internal temperature sensor wire was led through the energy absorber to the top and connected here in a groove with the graphite by liquid tin. The external temperature sensors were mounted with a 3 mm spacer in the area of the orbital edge and the top. The EM energy absorber was graphite and had a mass of 18 g. All components of the EM energy absorption element were coated with a 20μιτι thick layer of PTFE. The induction current heating unit further consisted of an EM energy delivery unit consisting of the following components: an RF radio receiver unit, 6 annularly arranged electromagnets whose pole shoes were flattened and arranged in a circle equidistant from each other around the coil core and a vertical orientation to the footprint had. The EM energy source consisted of a nickel-zinc ferrite fitting. The remainder of the construction of the energy donor unit corresponded to that of Example 1. Test Part A: In each of 2 Erlenmeyer flasks (capacity 200 ml), 50 ml of a solution of horseradish peroxygenase (12.5 kU) containing 0.1 mmol / l sodium citrate were added. The solutions were overcoated with inert gas. There was a heating, in which a temperature of 65 ° C should be reached and maintained over the duration of 24 hours. A flask was heated with a laboratory hot plate controlled by an external temperature sensor superficially immersed in the suspension to be heated. Further, a stirring magnet was inserted in the piston, which was rotated continuously at 100 rpm. The second flask was heated with an EM energy absorber. The following settings were made on the control unit: setpoint temperature of the external temperature sensor 65 ° C, maximum temperature of the internal temperature sensor 67 ° C, rotation frequency of the energy absorption element 100 rpm. In both experiments, the temperature of the solution was determined continuously with a temperature probe. From the registered values, the limit and mean values were determined. The experiments were repeated 3 times with both methods.

At the end of the study, samples were taken to analyze the enzyme activity [Gallati H, Brodbeck H, horseradish peroxidase: kinetic studies to optimize the activity determination with the substrates H ₂ O ₂ and o-phenyldiamine; J. Clin. Chem.Cin. Biochemistry, 1982]. The measurements were carried out at 22 ° C under the same conditions. The enzymatic activity level was in relation to the enzymatic activity of the starting solution. Further, the enzyme activity of a reference sample stored under inert gas at 22 ° C was determined after 24 hours.

Experimental Section B: With the same experimental set-up, the temperature profile of different temperature control protocols was to be investigated. For this purpose, an aqueous medium should be heated to 40 °, 60 ° and 80 ° C in 3 stages, wherein the specified temperature level should be kept for 5 minutes. Afterwards, the liquid should be cooled in 2 stages to 70 ° C and 50 ° C, whereby the temperature at the respective stage should be kept for 5 minutes.

Results: (Results of Experiment B are summarized in Figure 3E)

Experimental part A. Using a laboratory hot plate or induction current heating unit, the temperature was maintained at 65.1 ° C and 65.0 ° C, respectively. The standard deviation was 3.2% and 0.8 ° C, respectively. The maximum temperature values per hour were 68.7 ° C and 66.2 ° C, respectively. The enzyme activity in the reference sample was reduced by 17%. The enzyme activities of the solution heated with the hot plate or induction current heating unit were reduced by 60% and 21% from baseline, respectively.

Experimental part B. With the induction current heating unit, a much faster heating of the liquids could be achieved, as with the laboratory heating plate with an external temperature control. Furthermore, a much more accurate adjustment of the liquid temperature was possible hereby. The cooling phase was much faster when using the induction current heating unit than when using a laboratory hot plate that did not plateau.

Example 4

Investigating the use of an induction current heating unit for a

High temperature application for oils and fats.

The speed of heating of frying oil was investigated with an induction current heating unit in comparison with 3 conventional deep fryers. For this purpose, in each case 4 liters of a frying oil were placed in the fryers A) ("SNACK I", Bartscher, Germany, B) (D0452FR, Domo, Germany), C) (00-00146, Neumärker, Germany) and in a similarly shaped glass container , Into the glass container was placed an EM energy absorber containing the following components: EM energy sensor, external and internal temperature sensor, RF induction coil, RF induction current generator and RF radio transmitter, and connection connections (Figure 4: 401a). The energy absorber was composed of 2 x 12 parallel tubes of stainless steel, each 1cm in diameter and 15cm in length, joined by a stainless steel frame (Figure 4). The glass container was placed on the energy delivery area of the energy delivery unit, which consisted of the components according to Example 1. The EM energy generator was of its design similar to that of Example 5, but in contrast had a larger floor area and a greater height. Further, the coil was arranged with 20 turns and in 5 layers around the cores. The HF alternator had a maximum power consumption of 4kW. The components of the EM energy transmitter unit were connected to an external control unit. The control unit had a digital display and control panel. The target temperature, the minimum and maximum temperatures that should be present at the internal and external temperature sensor were set. For all devices a target temperature of the medium of 190 ° C was set. 250 ° C and 185 ° C were set on the control unit as maximum and minimum temperatures of the energy absorber. The experiments were finished after 15 minutes. The temperatures of the frying oils were measured continuously 2 cm below the liquid level. Furthermore, the operating energy of the systems was determined during the heating phases.

Results: The target temperature of the frying oil was reached faster by 47 seconds (A) or by 58 (B)) and by 135 (C)) seconds with the induction current heater than with conventional fryers. The temperature variations after reaching the target temperature were ± 1.8% for the induction current heating unit and ± 11.3% for the fryers, for A) ± 16.8% and for C) ± 14.3%.

The energy consumption for the induction current heater, which was determined over the duration of the test, was significantly lower than that of the fryers (- 22% compared to A), - 28% compared to B) and - 34% compared to C)).

Example 5

Investigation of the use of an induction current heating unit for heating fusible solids.

The power receiving element (Figure 5C - E) of the induction current heating unit consisted of the following components: an internal and 2 external temperature sensors, an RF radio transmitter, an RF induction coil, an HF induction current generator, 4 permanent magnets, and terminal connections. The Energieaufnehmer consisted of 3 each 10mm thick discs with a diameter of 10 cm. The discs consisted of 10 1mm thick graphite plates (SGL, Germany, electrical resistance 18μΟΙιιτι / ιτι, thermal conductivity 200 W / (m 'k)), which were bordered by an outer circumferential ring and held together by the holding devices. The outer surface of the EM energy absorber was calculated to be 54cm ² . The disks were arranged parallel to each other and connected at a distance of 10 mm at 5 points to each other by a continuous holding device. The radio transmitter, with the terminals for the temperature sensors, was located in a housing which was mounted on the surface in the middle of an outer disk of the energy absorbing element. In the housing, the following electronic components were mounted and interconnected: RF induction coil, RF induction current generator, RF radio transmitter, RF antenna. The locations of the external temperature sensors are shown in Figure 5C. The Energieaufnehmerelement was the entire surface with a ΙΟμιτι thick PTFE coating provided. The EM energy delivery unit consisted of the components: EM energy generator, RF alternator, RF radio receiver unit, electromagnetic rotary device according to example 3, DC generator, control unit and electrical connections. The EM energy sink unit consisted of a ferrite block formed by a 3-D mill (Figures 5A and B). In the control unit were 2 controllers for the set temperature of the medium and the maximum temperature of the EM energy absorber. The HF alternator had a maximum power consumption of 1000 W. The energy is supplied by a 220V DC generator. At the control unit, a target temperature of the medium of 55 ° C and a maximum temperature of the EM Energieaufnehmerelements of 60 ° C were set.

Cocoa butter mass which had been refrigerated for storage and which was a solid mass should be liquefied. For this purpose, 1 kg of the mass was placed in a metal container with a surface of 180 cm ² and in a plastic container with a flat bottom. The metal container was placed to the rim in a water bath constantly at a temperature of 60 ° C. immersed. The energy absorbing element was placed in the plastic container so that it was located immediately above the EM energy delivery area of the EM energy delivery unit and then placed over the cocoa butter mass. The stirrer was turned on after 1 minute and set at a revolution frequency of 40 rpm.

The time required for the cocoa butter to melt completely was determined. Further, the final temperature of the molten butter was measured. The experiments were repeated 3 times and the mean value calculated from the determined values.

Results: The conventional melt in a water bath was completed in 36 ± 3 minutes, whereas in inductive heating it was after 16 ± 2 minutes. The final temperature for the thermal bath melt was 52 ± 0.6 ° C and for the induction current heating 58 ± 0.2 ° C. The induction current heating, which takes place within a fusible mass of solid material, allows a faster heating than is the case with the heating of a container. The liquefied mass showed no evidence of temporary overheating. Example e

Investigation of the temperature and consistency of liquid foods.

The EM energy receiving element of an induction heater had the following components: an EM energy receiver, an internal and an external temperature probe, an RF induction coil, an RF induction current generator and a radio transmitter, 6 permanent magnets and connection connections. The EM energy absorber consisted of an aluminum molded part with a round bottom plate of 1 mm thickness with perpendicularly departing comma-like curved bars, which were arranged around a star-shaped middle bar (Figure 6A). On the underside of the bottom plate, the magnets were mounted circular and in the center was a removable housing for receiving the other system components. The outer temperature probe was mounted on top of the bottom plate.

The EM energy transmitter unit consisted of an EM energy generator, a mechanical magnetic rotation device according to Example 1, an HF alternator (400 W max.), An RF radio receiver and a control unit together with terminals. The EM energy source consisted of a nickel-zinc-ferrite molding (Figure 6B). For the coils (5 turns in 2 layers each) an HF strand was used. For applications with more than one liter of media, several of the square EM energy transmitter elements were juxtaposed. In this case, the same number of EM energy absorption elements were inserted into the container. At the control unit, the rotational frequency of the rotating device, the target temperature of the medium and the minimum and maximum temperatures of the EM-Energieaufnehmereinheit be set.

For the investigations, one or more EM energy absorption element (s) was placed in the containers and then filled with the sauces. The filled trays were placed directly on the energy delivery area of the EM energy generator unit, as the target temperature of the medium, a temperature of 85 ° C for experiments 1 and 2 and 65 ° C for experiment 3 was set. At the energy transmitter unit, a revolution frequency of 30 rpm was set. For the conventional holding a water bath was used, which was kept at a constant temperature level by a temperature-controlled heating. A water temperature of 90 ° C was set for experiments 1 and 2 and of 70 ° C for experiment C. To investigate the tempering properties of various sauces and their consistency changes during a hot keeping, each 3 liters of a freshly prepared hunter sauce (experiment) and a custard (experiment 2) and 500ml of a hollandaise sauce (experiment 3) were filled into ceramic dishes of the same shape. One dish each was heated with the water bath and with the induction current heater. During filling, the sauces had a temperature of 90 ° C (experiments 1 and 2), or 70 ° C (experiment 3).

The sauces were then tempered without coverage for 3 hours by both methods. The temperature of the sauces, which was present in the middle of the containers, was determined continuously with a temperature probe. Subsequently, the formation of a skin formation as well as an adhesion of solids to the shells was determined.

Results:

With both tempering processes, the temperature of the sauces was kept constant in a range between 82 ° and 87 ° C. in experiments 1 and 2 over the experimental period. In experiment 3, the temperature for water bath heating was lower than for induction current heating, 55 ° C. 68 ° C. In the sauces, which had been kept warm in a water bath, a skin had formed, as well as varying degrees of firm adhesion in the area of the liquid levels on the container walls. For the sauces that had been tempered with the induction current heating unit, neither skin formation nor noticeable adhesion to the container occurred.

Example 7

Studies on the tempering of hot drinks in disposable dishes.

The heatability of coffee hot drinks by means of an induction current heating unit was examined in terms of their practicality and their influence on the taste. For this purpose, each 200ml of coffee (1), latte macchiato (2) and 150ml cappuccino (3) were filled in cups, as they are commonly used for the sale of entrainment drinks and were made of coated paper with a 1cm high bottom spacer (Trendsky premium coffee mug). The EM energy transmitter unit consisted of an EM energy transmitter, an HF power generator (max 60W) and an F radio receiver as well as the electrical connections. The energy generator housing was cylindrically shaped (Figure 7A). The upper edge area was lowered by 1 cm from the central top. The central upper side had a circular recess 8 mm wide in the edge area for receiving an annular magnet. The magnet could be easily attracted by a metallic object and could be removed with it. The EM energy absorbing member located at the bottom of the beverage cup was, after placing the cup on the casing, attracted to the magnet therein, thereby fixing the EM energy absorbing member to the cup bottom. When removing the cup of the magnet was lifted with and remained fixed to the bottom of the cup. When tilting or turning the cup, there was no slippage of the EM energy absorbing element or the magnet on the cup bottom. The EM energy absorbing element could be solved by removing the round magnet from the bottom of the cup and recover by dumping. The EM energy transmitter unit was connected by a cable to an external control unit. This included a measuring and control module as well as a control and display field. The target temperature at the external temperature sensor and the maximum surface temperature at the internal temperature were adjustable Temperature sensor was measured. The control unit was electrically connected to a power take-off for a car fire igniter.

The EM energy absorbing element consisted of a conical stainless steel fitting with star-shaped extensions as shown in Figure 7B and had a base diameter of 4 cm and a height of 3 cm. The surface was determined to be 4.6 cm ² . The base plate was heat-conductively bonded to a heat-conductive sheet. The latter were then heat-conductively connected to a 150μιτι thick aluminum foil. In a recess in the lower central area, an RF induction coil, an RF power generator, a radio transmitter and the electrical connections were installed. Further, on one side surface, the internal and external temperature probes were electrically connected to the radio transmitter.

On the control unit, a maximum temperature of 80 ° C was set for the internal temperature sensor and a target temperature of 60 ° C for the external temperature sensor. The temperature of the hot beverage was continuously measured by a 2 cm deep immersion temperature probe. The investigations were carried out with (A) and without (B) an energy absorbing element on capped cups under the same conditions at 22 ° C outside temperature. In the first experiment, the beakers containing the freshly prepared drinks were placed on the energy delivery unit for 1 hour. In experiment 2, a tasting was carried out by 3 trained persons, wherein over the duration of 40 minutes, at a distance of 3 minutes a sip was drunk. The taste experience was noted. Further, at the end, the temperature of the residual amount of the beverage was measured.

Results:

Experiment 1: The temperature of the beverages in the unheated cups dropped rapidly and after 60 minutes was in a temperature range between 28 ° and 36 ° C. The temperature in the beakers heated by the induction current heater initially dropped in the same way to 57 ° C. Thereafter, the temperature varied between 58 ° and 61 ° C over the entire study period. Experiment 2: During the tasting, a taste evaluation of the drink was only possible after cooling to 60 ° - 65 ° C and thus only after 12 minutes. The taste experience was rated as consistently good over unheated drinks over a 15 minute period. After that, there was a progressive deterioration of the taste experience, which was related to the beverage cooling. In contrast, the taste experience of the beverages tempered with the induction current heating unit remained consistently good until the end of the experiment, with no difference in the evaluation of the well-felted taste result of the unheated hot beverage. The final temperature was between 23 ° C and 27 ° C for the unheated drinks and between 57 ° C and 60 ° C for those who had been tempered with induction current heating.

At the end of the experiment, the cups were poured out, while the EM Energieaufnehmerelement remained by the outside round magnet in its position on the cup bottom. By detachment of the outside of the cup bottom magnet, the EM Energieaufnehmerelement could be solved and removed separately. With a cellulose cloth, a complete and residue-free cleaning of the EM energy absorption element could be achieved. Example 8

Investigation of thermal effects in the tempering of solid foods.

The EM energy generator unit corresponded to that of Example 5, but had no stirring device. Two forms of planar induction current heating units were used. The EM energy absorber consisted of 2 graphite foils, each of which was placed around a glass rod (5 mm in diameter) and which were guided above this winding through the bottom region of a copper fitting, in which case the foils were fixed. The fitting had a U-shape with side surfaces of 10 x 10cm each of a 4mm thick sheet. Between the side surfaces there was a distance of 1.5cm. The graphite foils were thermally conductively connected to the side surfaces. In the area of the bottom plate of the molded part was a closable excavation for receiving the following components: RF induction coil, RF induction current generator, RF radio transmitter and RF antenna. Between the graphite foils and the copper sheet, three temperature sensors were arranged on both sides over the entire surface and connected to the radio transmitter. The EM energy absorbing element was sealed with a thin PTFE layer.

In each case 3 examinations a 1cm thick slice of a meat cheese was placed in the molding between the two side surfaces. The EM energy absorber element was placed in a sealable glass container and placed on the EM energy delivery surface, the EM energy delivery unit. It was set a target temperature of the surfaces of 60 ° C. In a reference study, the meat cheese was kept warm by means of a suitable heat lamp. The heat lamp was adjusted so that a temperature of about 60 ° C was reached in the area of the meat cheese. The experiment ended after one hour. The optical, physical and sensory properties as well as the temperatures of the tempered material were evaluated in both experiments.

Results:

The heated with heat lamp meat cheese had a top temperature of 62 ° C and 52 ° C below. The surface of the top was brownish with a firmer consistency, the corners were slightly bent upwards. The tempered with the induction current heater meat cheese had a temperature of 60 ° C on both sides. Both sides were the same in color and consistency as a freshly cut piece. During the tasting, it was not possible to differentiate the meat cheese tempered with the induction heating from a fresh slice, while the meat cheese tempered by the heat radiator had a markedly different taste.

Example 9

Investigation of the catalytic activity of energy receptors coated with reaction-promoting compounds.

Cyclohexane can be oxidized by the catalyst cobalt acetate in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide to the corresponding alcohol and ketone. The cobalt acetate complex was synthesized by a known method (Nowotny M, Pedersen LN, Hanefeld U, Mashmeyer T. Increasing the Ketone Selectivity often Cobalt-Catalyzed Radical Chain Oxidation of Cyclohexane, 2002, Chem Eur J) to mesoporous material (MCM-41 ) covalently bound. The aforementioned publication discloses a temperature optimum of the catalytic reaction at 69 ° C.

The EM energy absorber consisted of the following components: EM energy absorber (Figure 8), RF induction coil, RF induction current generator, RF radio transmitter, RF antenna, and 3 internal temperature sensors mounted in a circle on each level of the discs and enclosed in the full aluminum alloy. As a reaction promoting compound, 250 mg of the powdered MCM-41 cobalt acetate complexes were applied to and immobilized on the entire surface of the energy acceptor on a fresh thin film of an epoxy resin adhesive. After curing of the adhesive, detachable residues of the powder were removed in an ultrasonic bath. The dried surfaces had a homogeneous white coating. The EM energy generator unit corresponded to that of Example 1. For the experiments, 100 ml of cyclohexane were introduced into each of an Erlenmeyer flask. In Experiment 1, the equivalent amount of the catalyst coated on the surface of the EM energy absorbing member was added in powdered form, in Experiment 2, the coated energy receiving member was used. In both vessels, the same amount of tert-butyl hydroperoxide was added. In Experiment 1, a magnetic stir bar was placed and the vessel placed on a laboratory stirrer which was controlled by a temperature probe in the reaction medium. The target temperature of the reaction mixture to be achieved was set to 69 ° C. in the case of the heating stirrer and the induction current heating unit. Further, the maximum temperature of the surfaces of the EM energy releasing member was set at 96 ° C. The stirrer was set at both devices to a rotation frequency of 50U / min. set. The experiment was ended after 1 hour. At intervals of 10 minutes, the temperature of the reaction liquid was measured and taken samples for analysis. The conversion rate was determined by the concentration of the resulting alcohol.

Results (shown graphically in Figure 8B and C):

The temperature increase of the reaction mixture was delayed in Experiment 2 compared to that of Experiment 1. In contrast, the catalytic reaction was much faster in Experiment 2 than in Experiment 1 and was already at the beginning of the energy input at a high conversion rate. There was a linear conversion rate in experiment 2.

Example 10

Investigation into the efficiency of heat generation by an electromagnetic energy field of EM energy absorbers.

For the investigation, an EM energy generator unit according to Example 1 was used. There were arrangements of films and discs of different adsorption materials. There were films of aluminum (AF), expanded graphite (eGF) and copper (KF) in the material thicknesses: 50, 100 and 200μιτι, and discs of a tinplate (WB) and a pure steel sheet (SB) in the material thicknesses 100 and 200μιτι, and plates of non-expanded graphite (nGP) with a material thickness of 150μιτι used, which were individually and in combination with each other and examined in the different thicknesses. The films / discs were placed on top of each other in a combination. In each case round formats with a diameter of 5cm were used. Furthermore, the same experiments were carried out with a workpiece made of aluminum (AW), copper (KW) and steel (SW) with the same diameter and a material thickness of 10 mm. To carry out the experiment, the individual or stacked films / disks were placed in a glass vessel on the flat bottom of the vessel. In the vessels, an equal amount of water was filled at a temperature of 18 ° C in all experiments. A temperature measuring probe of a temperature measuring device dipped into the water. The heating process was further monitored with an infrared camera. There were 2 test series, at one different distance between the EM energy delivery surface of the EM energy donor and the surface of the EM / EMERGENCY sheets / discs, which was 8mm (AI) or 20mm (A2). This distance was ensured by a Styrofoam plate, which was located between the EM energy generator and the vessel. In each case, an initial experiment was carried out with the adsorption material (VI). Then the different adsorption materials were combined. During the experiment, the power consumption of the RF voltage transmitter and the current of the RF resonant circuit were measured and recorded. In the experimental procedures, the maximum power output of the RF voltage generator was set to 25 W (S1), 50 W (S2), 100 W (S3), 500 W (S4) and 1,000 W (S5). The energy was given over 30 seconds for AI and over 2 minutes for A2.

Results (numerical results by way of example in Table 1)

With the examined films AF and eGF, a high adsorption of the electromagnetic energy was achieved for all material thicknesses, the maximum in Sl and S2 at a material thickness of 200μιτι at AF and ΙΟΟμιτι was at eGF. In an overlay with other film layers, the energy transfer performance decreased. By a combined layer structure between AF and eGF an increase of the energy transfer performance could be achieved, especially with S3 -S5. WB showed a similar adsorption behavior, the maximum of the adsorption was at a higher material thickness. NGP plates, especially when combined with AF and WB, resulted in an increase in energy transfer performance. In the same experiments, which were done with KF, there were no (Sl and S2) or only a very low energy transfer performance. An energy transfer performance of more than 0.5 A could be achieved with AW, KW or SW only at S5 in the experimental setup AI, with all other experimental procedures there was no (S1 - S3) or only minimal energy transfer performance. In the test procedure A2 no measurable energy transfer could be achieved by the workpieces. Analysis of the infrared camera showed that, corresponding to the energy transfer performance of the EM energy receivers, there was an immediate heating of the foils AF and eGF earlier than those of WB or nGP. This was true for all measurements where energy transfer occurred. In contrast, heating was only delayed with KF and no heating was detectable in the examined workpieces.

Example 11

Investigation of the adsorption behavior of films and disks of the adsorption material.

Foils were made of aluminum (AF), expanded graphite (eGF) and slices of tinplate

(WB) used in the material thicknesses 100 and 200μιτι, which were each available as round formats, with a diameter of 5cm. Furthermore, workpieces with the same diameter of aluminum (AW) and steel (SW) with a material thickness of 10 mm were examined. For the experiments, the films / disc were used individually (series 0) and in conjunction with one of the workpieces. For the combination was carried out in series 1 an immediate adhesive fixation of the films / disc on the workpiece, so that there was a gap between them gap <50μιτι, in series 2 -5 was a fixation by means of a thermal conductivity foil, with a material thickness of ΙΟΟμιτι in series 2, 250μιτι in series 3, 500μιτι in series 4 and 750μιτι in series 5. The EM energy generator unit and the experimental arrangement according to Example 11 were used / executed. The measurements were carried out at a distance between the EM energy delivery surface of the EM energy donor and the surface, the films / disk arranged as EM energy absorber, of 8 mm (Al) and 20 mm (A2) (compare Experiment 11). It The current intensity of the RF resonant circuit was measured and recorded. Heating of the EM energy absorbers and the workpieces was recorded with an infrared camera.

Results:

Using only the EM energy receivers (Series 0), there was a high transmission line of electromagnetic energy with a current> 3A. They became instantaneously hot. In contrast, there was no or only minimal transmission of electromagnetic energy in series 1, with an energy transfer performance of <1A. In Series 2, energy transfer performance was achieved that was between 55 and 80% of the Series 0 electromagnetic energy transmission line. In series 3 - 5 there was a power transmission line, which corresponded to the series 0. Both the EM energy absorbers and, consecutively, the workpieces heat-conductively connected via a gap were heated. The sole use of the Wärmeleitfolien in the same experimental arrangement caused no transmission of electromagnetic energy.

Example 12

Investigation of the bundling of an electromagnetic energy field.

For the production of a coil, a copper wire with a cross-sectional area (QF) of 0.1 xxmm ² (KD1) and 0.5 mm ² (KD2) of a multifilamentary copper wire strand with a QF of 2.5 mm ² (KL) was used as the electrical conductor. , which were each electrically insulated over the entire surface with a paint or plastic coating, related. Wire lengths of 25cm (LI), 50cm (L2) and 100cm (L3) were used, and the wire ends closed the resonant circuit of an HF alternator (55kHz resonant circuit frequency). The maximum possible energy transfer performance was limited to 100W (PI) and 500W (P2) by setting the RF voltage transmitter accordingly.

The wires were placed in a different arrangement on a solid wooden board, or arranged by plastic clamping devices in a defined geometry / spatial orientation: AI) arcuate-planar with maximum possible removal of the wire parts with each other, A2) as in AI) but in a range circular, A3) as A2) but 2 circular winding of the wire, which were superimposed. The experiments were repeated with a cylindrical piece of 1 cm diameter and 10 mm length placed in a wire section located at A2 and A3 within the coil (s), consisting of: iron (E), glass (G. ), sintered ferrite (F), the experimental procedure was correspondingly marked. In a repeat experiment, an EM energy absorber, consisting of a tinplate, in a tenacity of 10mm over a portion of the wire in AI) and over the winding (A2 and A3)) or over the region of the inserted cylinder piece by means of a mounting device was arranged. The current intensity of the RF resonant circuit was measured and recorded. The current flow (ampere) present in the resonant circuit without transmission of an electromagnetic energy field to an EM energy absorber has been termed internal power dissipation (IVL). Heating of the wire or cylinder piece was detected with an infrared camera.

Results:

In the AI arrangement, an IVL was between 0.22 and 0.44A. In arrangement A2), the IVL increased significantly to 0.45 to 1.3A. With the arrangement A3) the IVL continued to rise and led with all wires to a significant warming, so that the attempt had to be prematurely terminated at P2 with the wires KD2 and KL. The addition of a glass cylinder had no effect on the IVL When using an iron cylinder, there was a significant increase in IVL, the current was not less than 2.5A. Due to the heating to> 80 ° C of the wire and / or the iron cylinder, the experiments were terminated prematurely. When the ferrite cylinder approached, there was a marked reduction of IVL -35 to -65% for Al) and between -75 to -260% for A2) and A3). In none of the experiments here was it to a heating of the wire or the ferrites above 50 ° C. The experimental procedure with an EM energy absorber showed that in the arrangement AI) there was a minimum transmission of electromagnetic energy, recognizable by an increase of the current intensity by 15 to 28%. The energy transfer performance was moderately higher (+ 20 to 65%) in the arrangement A2) and was only slightly further increased by the arrangement A3) (+ 24 to 75% compared to Al)). The addition of a glass cylinder had no influence on this result. Experiments with an iron cylinder were not carried out due to the high IVL. When using a ferrite cylinder, there was a 72 to 125% increase in current for the AI) assembly and + 255 to 340% for the A2) assembly and about 420 to 735% for the A3) assembly. There was no heating of the wire or the ferrites above 55 ° C in any of the experiments. In contrast, there was an immediate heating / heating of the EM energy absorber to temperatures of> 100 ° C. Example 13

Investigations on the bundling and emission of an electromagnetic energy field.

For the investigation ferrite mold bodies were used, which had an E-shape and either in open form (Fl) or in closed form (F2), i. in the form of a half shell with a central ring, templates. An insulated copper wire with one (U1), two (U2) and three (U3) wound around the base plate of Fl or was placed around the central ring of F2 and closed with the wire ends a resonant circuit as in Ex. An EM energy absorber consisting of a composite of an aluminum foil and a graphite foil approximated the ferrite mold bodies from all sides: from the side, to the side of the base plate and to the open side opposite to the base, at a distance from each other 10mm. During the experiment, the current intensity of the RF resonant circuit was measured and, as in Example 12, the internal power loss IVL was determined and used for the estimation of the transmitted electromagnetic energy field on an EM energy absorber. A heating of the wire or a ferrites or the EM energy absorber was detected with an infrared camera. Results:

The IVL was in all arrangements in a range between 50 to 200mA. As the EM energy absorber approached the opposite side of the baseplate, the current increased to 3.3 to 5A and the EM energy absorber became instantaneously hot. With an approach of the EM energy absorber from one side, there was an increase in the current intensity up to a maximum of 1.2A at F2) with F2), there was only a minimal increase, which was a maximum of 0.6 A. When approaching the side of the base plate, there was no increase in F2) and minimal increase in Fl). The EM energy absorber was virtually not heated in these experiments. Example 14

Investigation for the control of functional units of EM energy absorber elements.

The following system components were used: EM energy transmitter unit comprising: a power supply, 2 RF voltage generators + HF alternators, an RF receiver, a control module. The EM energy generator consisted of a ferrite-shaped piece in the form of a half-shell (diameter 5 cm), which had centrally an annular projection with a diameter of 1.5 cm. The projection and the edge of the shell had a height above the base plate of 10mm. Between the shell edge and the ring an insulated copper wire strand with 5 turns was inserted. A field coil was placed in the space bounded by the annular projection. The terminals of the coil wires to the RF alternators were passed through passages in the base plate. The field coil was coupled into a 180kHz resonant circuit and the copper wire strand into a 50kHz resonant circuit. The received signal from the RF radio receiver was sent to the control module to which it was connected. The control module was connected via a control line to the RF voltage generators. The EM energy absorber element comprised the following components: an EM energy absorber, an RF induction coil, a temperature sensing wire, an RF transmitter.

The EM energy absorber consisted of a graphite foil (diameter 5cm), which had a circular recess (15mm) centrally. Furthermore, there was a recess in an edge region. The foil was bonded to an aluminum cone by means of a ceramic heat conducting foil. In the area of the central section of the film, the cone had a recess into which the RF induction coil was inserted and fixed. There was an electrical connection with the temperature measuring wire and the RF radio transmitter. The RF radio transmitter was mounted on a ferrite plate, which was directly connected to the cone in the area at the edge of the EM energy absorber.

To carry out the experiment, the EM transducer element was placed in a glass such that the cone base rested on the container bottom. The glass was laterally connected to a device which allowed for free height adjustment against the EM delivery area of the EM energy delivery unit above which it was located. There were tests at a distance between 1 and 10cm. At a distance of 50 cm, the field strength of electromagnetic waves emitted from the glass was determined in the radio-frequency range.

Results:

The electrical operation of the RF transmitter in the EM Energieaufnehmerelement could be guaranteed without interference and interruption in all positions and during the heating of the EM-Energieaufnehmers, which was evident in a continuously updated temperature measurement, the on a display of the control / regulating module was visible and was obtained by the RF radio signal transmission to the RF radio receiver of the EM Energy Sampling Unit. From the power consumption of the RF voltage generator of the coil resonant circuit it was seen that with increasing distance of the EM Energieaufnehmerelements of EM energy delivery unit, an automatically performed by the control / regulating module increase in the transmission power was made. Based on the measured temperature values, an adaptive control of the power consumption of the resonant circuit of the EM energy emitter could be controlled. Outside the water-filled glass, no permissible signal strength / signal level of electromagnetic wave radiation in the radio-frequency range was exceeded during all experimental conditions.

Claims

claims

Devices for the controlled and contactless and direct heating and / or temperature control of liquids and / or solids, characterized by

a) an electromagnetic energy generator unit comprising at least one

High-frequency voltage generator, at least one high-frequency AC generator, at least one electromagnetic energy output, comprising at least one coil of an electrical conductor and at least one ferrite, and at least one functional unit comprising at least one electromagnetic receiver, at least one control and control unit and / or at least one manget or electromagnetic based

Driving device

wherein the at least one ferrite consists of a base and at least one

Projection and wherein the electrical conductor at least part of the base and / or the at least one projection at least once surrounds forming a coil and wherein the electrical conductor in at least one resonant circuit with a resonant circuit frequency between 10 Hz and 1 MHz of at least one high-frequency alternator is coupled, generating an electromagnetic field energy in the coil, which is bundled by the at least one ferrite and the

electromagnetic energy field is emitted in an energy delivery area, which is opposite to the base, and in the case of the presence of more than one projection, against the base and in an area between the projections;

and

b) an electromagnetic Energieaufnehmerelement comprising at least one

electromagnetic energy absorber and at least one

Heat transfer body and at least one functional unit, comprising at least one temperature measuring device, a high-frequency transmitter, a high-frequency induction coil, a magnet, a magnetizable material and / or a magnetizable coil and / or a sensor for determining physical conditions, in particular temperature, pressure, speed , and where

the electromagnetic Energieaufnehmerelement in the electromagnetic near and / or far field of the electromagnetic Energieabgebers the

electromagnetic energy transmitter unit is located and the levels of

electromagnetic energy delivery area and the electromagnetic

Energieaufnehmers are aligned surface parallel.

2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic

Energieaufnehmerelement is located in a / a liquid / solid, which / is present in a container, which consists of a material that the adjacent

electromagnetic energy field not or only slightly adsorbed.

3. Device according to one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the temperature of a surface of the electromagnetic energy receiving element and / or the surrounding medium by at least one functional unit of the electromagnetic

Energieaufnahmelelements determined and by means of a radio signal from the

electromagnetic energy receiving element to a radio signal receiver of the electromagnetic energy generator unit is transmitted without interference and continuously and hereby a control of the electromagnetic energy transfer performance of the electromagnetic energy generator unit is made.

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the electromagnetic

Energieaufnehmerelement in addition to a heating / tempering also a thorough mixing of a liquid located in a container.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein by a functional unit or a plurality of functional units of the electromagnetic Energieaufnehmerelements a measurement of the actual temperature present in the surrounding medium, which is transmitted by a radio signal to the electromagnetic energy generator purity and here an automatic control of Energy release of the electromagnetic

Energy of the electromagnetic energy generator based on a target / actual value determination is carried out, which ensures an adjustable degree accurate heating / temperature control of liquids and / or solids.

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the electromagnetic

Energy generator unit at least two different electromagnetic energy fields at the same time and / or alternately provides.

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an interference-free high-frequency signal transmission, between a high-frequency signal transmission unit of an electromagnetic energy receiving element, which is located in a liquid medium and an electromagnetic energy transmitter unit and wherein simultaneously and immediately adjacent to / electromagnetic energy field, with which the high-frequency signal transmission takes place, an electromagnetic field of energy, which is suitable for heat generation, is applied.

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the electromagnetic

Energy absorber of one or more foils / slices of one or more

Adsorption materials that allow adsorption of electromagnetic energy consists.

9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein between the

electromagnetic energy absorber and a heat dissipation body of the

Electromagnetic Energieaufnehmerelements a gap space is present in which a thermally conductive material is located, with / through which no adsorption of the applied electromagnetic energy field.

10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein an electromagnetic

Energy field is bundled and emitted into the near / far field and of a electromagnetic energy absorber in the bundled form is adsorbed in the near / far field of the electromagnetic energy generator and converted into a thermal energy.

11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the electromagnetic

Energy absorption element self-alignment in a liquid due to its

Geometry and / or its center of gravity takes place or in which a manual positioning of the electromagnetic energy absorption element by a

sensor-based position detection of the electromagnetic energy receiving element is controlled, whereby an area-parallel alignment of the electromagnetic energy delivery area and the electromagnetic energy absorber takes place.

12. Device according to one of claims 1 - 11, in which in addition to the heating and / or temperature simultaneously mixing of the liquid and / or the fusible solid takes place, wherein a manget- or electromagnet-based drive device of the electromagnetic energy delivery unit rotates or electronically controlled which causes a moving magnetic field in the electromagnetic

Energy output range is generated, which is magnetically coupled to at least one magnetic or magnetizable portion of the electromagnetic Energieaufnehmerelements and whereby a movement of the electromagnetic Energieaufnehmerelements is carried out.

13. Device according to one of claims 1 - 12, wherein the electromagnetic

Energy absorption a reactive and / or reaction-promoting

Having surface coating.

14. Device according to one of claims 1-13, in which a liquid to be heated and / or a solid to be heated, in a non-metallic container, heated contactless and degree accurate and / or heated, while measuring the temperature actually present herein and automatic regulation of the electromagnetic

Energy release, with or without simultaneous mixing by agitation of the electromagnetic energy receiving element.

15. A method for the controlled and energy-efficient and direct heating and / or temperature control of liquids and / or liquefiable solids, in particular by means of a device according to one of claims 1 to 14, the method comprising the following steps:

1 Generation of at least one bundled and directed electromagnetic energy field and emission of the electromagnetic energy field into one

electromagnetic energy delivery area provided by an electromagnetic energy emitter of electromagnetic

Energy delivery device,

wherein the electromagnetic energy emitter comprises at least one coil, which is made of at least one electrically conductive wire or an electrically conductive foil, in particular which in the form of an at least simple circular

Arrangement is present, which is wound around at least one component of a ferrite at least once, and

wherein the at least one wire or the at least one film with a High-frequency alternator is connected and the at least one wire or the at least one film is coupled to an electrical current of an electrical resonant circuit or is acted upon by coupling with the at least one electrical resonant circuit of a high-frequency alternator with an alternating current, wherein the alternating electrical current is a frequency between 10 Hz and 1 MHz, and

Arranging and aligning an electromagnetic energy absorption element, comprising at least one electromagnetic energy sensor and a heat transfer body and at least one functional element, comprising a temperature measuring device, an HF induction current generator and a radio transmitter, in a liquid medium or fusible solid, wherein an arrangement of the Energieaufnehmerelements in the Nah- or far field region of the electromagnetic energy field of the electromagnetic energy generator takes place and wherein

the electromagnetic energy absorption level or the electromagnetic

Energieaufnehmer the Energieaufnehmerelements surface parallel to the surface of the electromagnetic Abstrahlungsbereiches or the electromagnetic

Energy delivery range, in particular horizontally to the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic energy field, which is emitted by the energy emitter,

-la. Absorption or adsorption of the at least one electromagnetic energy field by at least one energy absorber of the energy absorption element, wherein a conversion of the electromagnetic energy into thermal and / or electrical energy takes place, and

wherein the at least one energy absorber is configured for the absorption or adsorption of the electromagnetic energy and production of thermal energy, in the form of at least one film and / or disc, which consists of a metal and / or carbon, and

wherein the absorption or adsorption of the electromagnetic energy and conversion into electrical energy by a high frequency induction coil takes place, and

-1 b transmission of the provided in the at least one energy absorber

thermal energy to a heat delivery body, wherein the transfer is by a thermally conductive compound, and delivery of the thermal energy to the surrounding medium, and

-lla wherein the recording and adsorption of the electromagnetic energy field by a high-frequency induction coil of the RF induction current generator of the

Energy absorption element takes place and the adsorbed electromagnetic energy is converted by the HF induction current generator into a direct electrical current and

Provision of a direct electrical voltage for at least one electronic functional unit of the energy receiving element, the at least one electronic functional unit in particular comprising a temperature measuring device and a radio transmitter for transmitting measured data by means of electromagnetic waves,

3-111 Continuous determination of at least one temperature of the

Energy receiving element surrounding medium / solid and transmitting the measurement data to a radio transmitter,

4 transmission of the measurement data of at least one of the functional units of

Energieaufnehmerelements on at least one radio receiver unit of

Energy delivery unit, in particular the measurement data of a

Temperature determination are transmitted,

FIG. 5b Control of the maximum power consumption of the at least one high-frequency AC generator of the energy transmitter unit on the basis of a nominal / actual value calculation by the control and control unit, using the measured data transmitted in step 4 as the actual value and a setpoint value at a

Control unit of the energy generator unit is adjustable,

6 Heating / tempering of the surrounding medium by the EM Energieaufnehmerelement in step 3-1 b to a temperature according to the target specification in step 5b and / or keeping constant the target temperature in the surrounding medium / solid.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the electromagnetic energy field of the near and far field of the energy emitter, which causes a measurable heating of an energy absorber is in a range between 3 mm and 10 cm above the energy delivery surface of an energy generator.

17. The method according to claim 15 and 16, wherein a thermally conductive connection between a Energieaufnehmer or more Energieaufnehmer and a

Heat release body or more heat release bodies by a thermally conductive material takes place in which no adsorption of the applied electromagnetic energy field takes place and this material is a gap formation and / or a distance between the one or more energy absorbers and the one

Heat release body or more heat release bodies conditionally.

18. The method according to claims 15 to 17, wherein the transmission of the measured data by means of electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency range and in which the signal strength of the electromagnetic radiation or a signal level of the electromagnetic radiation of the radio transmitter, which is emitted from the liquid or the liquefiable solid, is maintained in a predetermined range of signal intensity by the signal strength measured by the radio receiver and / or that measured by the radio receiver Signal level by regulating the amount of energy by one or more

Energy generator is generated and delivered / will be set.

19. The method according to claims 15 to 18, wherein none of the surfaces of the

Energieabgabeeinheit and the energy receiving element touch and the

Energy absorption element is located in a to be heated and / or tempering liquid and / or solid, which / is present in a container that does not adsorb the electromagnetic energy field of the energy generator unit.

20. The method according to claims 15 to 19, wherein in step 5b, a regulation of

maximum power consumption of the high frequency alternator of

Energy generator unit is carried out, wherein the pulse or the electrical voltage in

Step 5a is available, the actual value of a signal level or a signal strength of the radio signal of the radio transmission unit of the energy absorption unit, which is determined outside of the liquid medium or the solid by the radio receiver unit, and the control by means of an adjustment for the setpoint range of the signal level and / or the signal strength of the radio signal outside the liquid medium or outside the

Solid is measurable by the control unit is made.

21. The method according to claims 15 to 20, wherein at least two electromagnetic energy fields are provided by the energy delivery unit, which is obtained by an identical or different frequency of the electrical oscillation circuit, which flows through the coil or the plurality of coils, and wherein the electromagnetic

Energy fields are superimposed and / or delivered over spatially separated areas and the at least two electromagnetic energy fields in the

Energy absorption unit are converted into heat and electrical energy.

22. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 21, wherein by step 5b a

overheating-free heating and / or tempering of liquids or liquefiable

Solids is ensured.

23. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 22, wherein the energy efficiency is achieved in particular by performing a method using an energy absorber, which consists of one or more films and / or slices, preferably consisting of aluminum, tinplate or graphite, the single or combined in a composite exists and in which there is a gap space and / or distance between the energy receiver and the heat transfer body, which contains a suitable material for heat transfer, which does not carry out adsorption of the applied electromagnetic energy field.

24. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 23, wherein the liquid and / or a

Solid is located in a container made of glass, ceramic, a plastic or cellulosic materials.

25. Use of an EM energy absorption element as a thermocatalyst, obtainable from one of claims 1 to 24.