EP3608474B1 - Artificial turf - Google Patents

Artificial turf Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3608474B1
EP3608474B1 EP19190202.2A EP19190202A EP3608474B1 EP 3608474 B1 EP3608474 B1 EP 3608474B1 EP 19190202 A EP19190202 A EP 19190202A EP 3608474 B1 EP3608474 B1 EP 3608474B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
color
filaments
line
artificial turf
field
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP19190202.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3608474A1 (en
Inventor
Antonius van der Wende
Hannu Salmenautio
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saltex Oy
Original Assignee
Saltex Oy
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3608474A1 publication Critical patent/EP3608474A1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C19/00—Design or layout of playing courts, rinks, bowling greens or areas for water-skiing; Covers therefor
    • A63C19/04—Mats or carpets for courts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C19/00—Design or layout of playing courts, rinks, bowling greens or areas for water-skiing; Covers therefor
    • A63C19/06—Apparatus for setting-out or dividing courts
    • A63C19/065—Line markings, e.g. tapes; Methods therefor

Definitions

  • the current disclosure relates to artificial turf, to a method of manufacture of artificial turf, and to a use thereof.
  • Artificial turf systems generally contain a support layer, a large number of artificial grass fibers attached to the backing, and possibly an infill layer of granular material distributed on the backing between the grass fibers.
  • the artificial grass fibers which can be tufted or knitted to the backing or cowoven therewith, protrude substantially perpendicularly to the backing.
  • Line markings on an artificial turf field are oftentimes permanently produced.
  • a single field may be used by various sports, and also the same sport may be played on alternative field sizes.
  • a full-size adult football field may additionally contain two junior fields that are positioned side-by-side crossways on the adult field.
  • the field may thus contain more than one set of markings, in which case the different fields may be marked with different colors.
  • the clarity of line markings is important for the ability of the spectators to appropriately follow the game.
  • the spectators view the field from various angles, depending on the height at which they are seated. This angle affects the visibility of the line markings.
  • the viewing experience is different when the games are broadcasted through television and internet, which also affects the properties required from the line markings.
  • document AU-A-2014100372 discloses a mat of artificial grass including a plurality of tufts of fibres secured to a substrate.
  • the artificial turf for a sports field comprises a support layer and tufts formed by a multi-filament ribbon penetrating the support layer and forming tufts. At least some tufts comprise filaments of a first color and filaments of a second color, the first and the second color being obviously different.
  • the tufts comprising filaments of a first color and filaments of a second color are arranged to form a line of predetermined width, wherein the width of the line is 8 cm to 14 cm, for example 10 cm to 12 cm.
  • the method of manufacturing artificial turf according to the present disclosure comprises providing a support layer and at least one multi-filament ribbon for forming tufts, the at least one ribbon comprising filaments of a first color and filaments of a second color, the first and the second color being obviously different.
  • the method further comprises tufting the at least one ribbon into to the support layer to obtain a tufted artificial turf.
  • the ribbon comprising filaments of a first color and filaments of a second color is tufted to form a line of a pre-determined width, wherein the width of the line is 8 cm to 14 cm, for example 10 cm to 12 cm.
  • a sports field according to the present disclosure comprises line markings made of artificial turf according to any of claims 1 to 7.
  • artificial turf for a sports field comprises a support layer and tufts formed by a multi-filament ribbon penetrating the support layer and is characterized in that at least some tufts comprise filaments of a first color and filaments of a second color.
  • a method of manufacturing artificial turf comprises providing a support layer and at least one multi-filament ribbon for forming tufts, the at least one ribbon comprising filaments of a first color and filaments of a second color; and tufting the at least one ribbon into to the support layer to obtain a tufted artificial turf.
  • the artificial turf according to the current disclosure is meant for practicing sports. Many different sports, most notably football (both association football and American football) and rugby may be played on artificial turf surface. High quality requirements are posed on the surface, especially in professional-level games.
  • the surface should be wearresistant and retain its original properties sufficiently over extended use. For example, the piles forming the "grass blades" should not be easily released, and the color of the field should remain relatively unaltered, despite being exposed to sunshine and other weather conditions. Certain demands are also made on the glare of the surface to avoid unpleasant reflections or inaccurate reproduction of the game in television or internet.
  • a tufted artificial turf is generally produced by providing a support layer, which may be, for example a mesh, a woven fabric or other net structure. Suitable materials for the support layer are known in the art. Then, a ribbon comprising multiple filaments is repeatedly stitched through the support layer to form a row of loops.
  • the length of a stich in a tufted artificial turf typically varies between 0.5 and 3 centimeters. The selection of a suitable stich length may be selected by the skilled person for each application.
  • the ribbon is typically made of synthetic material, such as plastics, for example polyethylene.
  • the multi-filament ribbons used for producing the artificial turf according to the present disclosure may contain a variable number of filaments. There may be, for example 6 to 12 filaments in the ribbon, for example 8 or 10 filaments. In one embodiment of the artificial turf, each ribbon contains six filaments, or eight filaments, or ten filaments. Accordingly, each tuft comprises twice the number of piles as the ribbon.
  • the ribbon is cut to open up each loop, resulting in a multiplicity of ribbon ends extending from the support layer and forming piles.
  • Each filament in the ribbon forms a pile (i.e. "a grass blade") in the artificial turf.
  • the cut loop forms one tuft, each having a number of free filament ends (piles) corresponding to the number of filaments contained in two ribbons. All the filaments in the tuft have a common penetration point in the support layer, i.e. the point at which the ribbon went through the support layer. All the piles in the artificial turf are thus of the same length. Although slight variation in length is inherent due to cutting accuracy, all the piles are exhibited as the surface of the artificial turf.
  • the side with the tufts forms the playing surface.
  • the surface from which the piles extend is positioned upwards in the installed artificial turf field. Therefore, for the purposes of the current disclosure, the surface from which the ribbon ends (i.e piles) extend, is called the upper surface.
  • the support layer may be backed by a rubber- and/or plastic-based coating on the opposite side of the support layer from the tufts. This secures the piles in the support layer. Also the thickness and flexibility of the ready product may be adjusted through backing.
  • the backed surface faces downwards in a ready artificial turf field. It is therefore called the lower surface in this disclosure.
  • the artificial turf may be produced as a carpet having a width of several meters (for example four meters), having numerous rows stitched of loops running next to each other in the direction of turf production.
  • the distance between neighboring rows of stitches may be, for example 0.5 to 3 cm, for example 1, 1.5 cm or 2 cm.
  • the tufts run in rows having constant distance.
  • the artificial turf surface When in use, the artificial turf surface may be supplemented with infill material, such as rubber pieces and/or sand.
  • infill material such as rubber pieces and/or sand.
  • the infill material affects the elasticity of the playing surface, and may also take part in keeping the piles upright.
  • Artificial turf fields with and without the infill material are known.
  • At least some tufts comprise filaments of a first color and filaments of a second color.
  • One of the two colors in the tufts may be the same as the color of the tufts comprising only one color. In other words, there may be areas in which there are only tufts with filaments of a first color, whereas in some areas there are tufts with filaments of the first color and a second color.
  • the line-marking colors are often bright colors, such as white, glare produced by an all-white surface may produce unwanted glare in bright light. Especially in situation in which an object followed in the game, such as the football, which often contains white areas itself, is close to the line, the visibility of details could be reduced.
  • the visually identifiable areas may be formed as lines in the direction of stitching.
  • the tufts comprising filaments of a first color and filaments of a second color are arranged to form a line of predetermined width.
  • the ribbon comprising filaments of a first color and filaments of a second color is tufted to form a line of a pre-determined width. There may be one line of a predetermined with, or there may be three or more lines of predetermined width in a carpet of artificial turf.
  • the width of the line depends of how many parallel rows of tufts contain a given color or a combination of two colors.
  • the artificial turf may contain one or more lines containing ribbons having filaments of two colors.
  • the ribbons comprise filaments of a first color and filaments of a second color, while the rest of the carpet has only filaments of the first color.
  • the carpet may contain two or three such lines.
  • the lines formed on the artificial turf may be used as permanent line markings of a sports field.
  • line markings is herein meant the visually identifiable markings that are required on the field for a given sport to be practiced. Examples of line markings are the goal lines, touchlines, center ring, the penalty box and center and penalty spots of a football field. Line markings may be straight or curved.
  • the goal line and the centerline may be made by using the lines on the artificial turf.
  • Making the line markings on a field is very time-consuming. Thus, if even a part of them are integrated into the turf beforehand, significant monetary saving may be achieved.
  • the width of the at least one line can be, for example 8 cm, 10 cm or 12 cm or 14 cm.
  • the width of a line is 8 cm to 14 cm, for example 10 cm to 12 cm.
  • Different sports, as well as different organizations may have different requirements for the line width. Due to the manufacturing method, the width of the line may be selected as basically any multiple of the distance between neighboring rows of stitches.
  • the first color may be, for example, green, white, blue or yellow.
  • the second color may be, for example, green, white, blue or yellow.
  • the first color is green and the second color is white, or yellow, or blue or red.
  • the first color is a field color
  • the second color is a line-marking color
  • a field color is meant the color of the playing field.
  • the field color may be green.
  • the field color may alternatively be blue.
  • other colors, such as red may be used as field color.
  • a logo, decorative pattern or other ornament not directly related to the sports being played on the field may be located in the vicinity of the playing area. In such situations, it may be desired to repeat the line-marking color also in the ornamental patterns.
  • the color of the ornament may function similarly to the field color.
  • a line-marking color is meant the color of the line markings.
  • the line-marking color may be white.
  • the line-marking color may alternatively be yellow or blue or red.
  • White, blue, yellow and red filaments that are commonly used in line-marking, are more sensitive to UV radiation than green filaments. Therefore, they are commonly treated with larger amounts of UV protectants than green filaments. This may be necessary to achieve appropriate UV tolerance of color and/or structure of the filaments. Larger chemical use adds to the cost of the field. It may also increase the chemical load of the manufacturing process. When filaments of line-marking colors are mixed with green ones, the manufacturing cost of the artificial turf may be reduced. It is also possible that the UV tolerance is increased, as the fading of the line-marking color may be less clearly visible. Also the mixing of the white, blue, yellow and/or red filaments with darker ones may as such contribute to the improvement in UV tolerance.
  • a color in the meaning of the current disclosure should be understood as a general color containing various shades.
  • a color contains a range of wavelengths interpreted by a viewer as being green, white, yellow or blue, for example.
  • Especially green color may include shades such as "pine green", “field green” or “olive green”.
  • the first color comprises two shades of the color.
  • a field color may be created by mixing two shades of the desired color (typically green) to achieve a natural-looking result. Even three shades of a given color may be included in a field color. Since it is the meaning of lines to be readily discernible from the surrounding field, the skilled person uses colors that are obviously different as the field color and line-marking color. Therefore, the mixture of different shades of a color can be considered being one color.
  • An artificial turf carpet can be positioned so that a side line of the field is formed entirely of a line in the carpet. If two such carpets are appropriately positioned, both the side lines of a field may be marked through the lines in the artificial turf carpet.
  • all the ribbons comprise filaments of a first color and filaments of a second color.
  • the first color may be a field color
  • the second color may be a line-marking color.
  • all the ribbons comprise filaments of the first color and of the second color to form a line marking on a sports field.
  • the field color such as green
  • the field color matches the color of a separately produced carpet that is used for the majority of the playing field.
  • a carpet composed of only tufts having filaments of two colors can be cut to strips of desired width.
  • the desired width may be, for example, 5 to 15 cm, such as 7, 10 or 12 cm.
  • the strips are preferably cut in the direction of the stiches.
  • the strips may be used as line markings. This is effected by removing parts corresponding to the line markings from an otherwise ready-installed artificial turf field, and inserting the strips containing the two colors in the freed space as line markings. With this system, all line markings of a sports field can be produced. When curved lines are produced, typically line marking strips are used and they are bent appropriately to produce the desired line curvature. Alternatively, curved pieces of a carpet can be cut for fitting into the desired position.
  • line marking strip is disclosed.
  • the line-marking strip is characterized in that it comprises the artificial turf according to the present disclosure.
  • the line-marking strip may comprise additional components meant to adhere the strip to the surface of the field.
  • the strip may be attached to the field may be attached by a layer of adhesive on-site.
  • an artificial turf carpet in which only a portion of the tufts comprises filaments of a first color and filaments of a second color, but the single-colored and two-colored tufts are not separated spatially.
  • every other parallel row of stiches could have a single color, and every other row two colors. This could be especially suitable if the rows of stiches are close to each other.
  • Such an artificial turf could be used as the previous embodiment, in which all the tufts contain two colors.
  • the first color may be a field color and the second color may be a line-marking color. Strips of the artificial turf may be cut out and used as the line markings.
  • the ratio of the filaments of a first color to the filaments of the second color is typically constant, since all the line markings on a field should have similar intensity and/or contrast to surrounding areas.
  • the consumption of the two-color artificial turf is correspondingly smaller than the consumption of the field-colored turf.
  • a part of the carpet being produced may have tufts having green and white filaments, a part having green and blue filaments, and a part having green and yellow filaments.
  • the different color combinations are produced as segments along the length of the produced carpet.
  • the visual effect of the area in which the tufts comprise filaments of two colors depends on the ratio of the filaments of a first color to the filaments of the second color. For example, is the second color is white, the area containing the ribbons with white filaments appears the brighter and whiter the larger the proportion of white filaments to the filaments of the first color is. Also the contrast between the area of the artificial turf in which the tufts comprise filaments of two colors to the area comprising only filaments of one color may increase the larger the proportion of the filaments of differing color is in the two-colored tufts. For example, when a field color and a line-marking color are used, the contrast to between the playing field and the line markings is increased when the proportion of the filaments of the line-marking color is increased.
  • two of the filaments are of the second color, or four of the filaments are of the second color, or six of the filaments are of the second color, or eight of the filaments are of the second color, with the proviso that the ribbon comprises at least one filament of the first color. If a field color and a line-marking color are used, this means that two of the filaments may of the line-marking color, or four of the filaments may be of the line-marking color, or six of the filaments may be of the line-marking color, or eight of the filaments may be of the line-marking color, as long as the ribbon comprises at least one filament of the field color.
  • the filaments are of the line-marking color.
  • 50% to 85% of the filaments in a ribbon are of the second color.
  • six of twelve filaments, or six of ten filaments may be of the line-marking color.
  • eight of ten filaments, or eight of twelve filaments may be of the line-marking color.
  • the rest of the filaments may be of the field color.
  • the ribbon comprises ten filaments, four of which are of the field color, and six of which are of the line-marking color.
  • a smaller proportion of the filaments may be of the second color. This may be the case, for example, when the second color is a line-marking color, and the lines to be produced are secondary lines on the sports field.
  • Possible combinations of the number of field-color filaments and line-marking color filaments in a multi-filament ribbon are indicated in table 1.
  • the cross indicates a possible combinations of field-color filaments and line-marking color filaments in the artificial turf according to the present disclosure.
  • a sports field is disclosed.
  • the sports field is characterized in that it comprises line markings made of artificial turf according to the current disclosure.
  • the line markings may be formed during the manufacture of the artificial turf, when lines are stitched in the artificial turf. Alternatively or in addition, line markings may be made during or after the installation of the artificial turf by replacing some of the field-colored turf with the turf according to the present disclosure.
  • a sports field is herein meant the surface on which sports is practiced and the additional structures necessary for its functionality, such as the foundation and possible drainage systems.
  • the sports field is a football field.
  • Artificial turf a method of manufacturing artificial turf, as well as the use of the artificial turf, to which the disclosure is related, may comprise at least one of the embodiments described hereinbefore.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a portion of the artificial turf from the side. A portion of a row of stitches is shown.
  • the artificial turf comprises a support layer 1.
  • a multi-filament ribbon 2 is stitched in the support layer.
  • the ribbon 2 comprises filaments of first color (dashed line) and filaments of second color (solid line). All the filaments extend from the support layer substantially the same distance. In other words, all the piles in the artificial turf have the same length.
  • the ribbon penetrates the support layer 1 at several penetration points 3. On the upper side, the ribbon forms tufts 4. One of the tufts 4 is boxed with a dashed line for visualization. The length of the filament ends forming the tufts is approximately constant.
  • the material of the ribbon affects how the tufts extend from the support layer, and this has not been indicated in the drawing.
  • Figure 2 is a detail of the embodiment of artificial turf of figure 1 .
  • the multi-filament ribbon 2 running from the upper surface to the lower surface of the artificial turf, and back again is shown.
  • the ribbon comprises two filaments of the first color and four filaments of the second color.
  • the first color may be a field color, such as green
  • the second color may be a line-marking color, such as white.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic presentation of an embodiment according to the current disclosure from the direction of the lower surface. Four rows of stitches running parallel to each other are shown.
  • the multi-filament ribbon 2 penetrates the support layer 1 (grey background) at penetration points 3 and forms tufts on the upper surface of the artificial turf (not visible in this viewing direction).
  • backing known in the art may be provided on the lower surface.
  • FIG. 4 panels A to D, displays the organization of areas containing variable ribbon colors schematically. Individual rows of stitches are not visible, but the vertical hatching depicts the various colors and color combinations.
  • the artificial turf is produced as a carpet 5. The direction in which the carpet 5 extends from a tufting machine 6 is depicted with a vertical arrow. The wavy end of the carpet 5 indicates that the end of the carpet is not drawn in the figure.
  • the whole area of the carpet comprises ribbons containing filaments of first color and filaments of second color.
  • the color of the carpet is thus uniform.
  • the carpet may be cut into strips of suitable length and used to form line markings on a sports field.
  • the overall color of the artificial turf may be line-marking color, although the tufts comprise filaments of field color as well.
  • the carpet 5 of artificial turf comprises one line containing filaments of first color and filaments of second color (dashed lines).
  • the rest of the carpet comprises filaments of first color only (solid line).
  • the first color may be field color, for example green, while the second color may be a line-marking color, such as white. Any other line-marking color, such as blue, red or yellow, may be produced similarly.
  • the line width depends on the purpose for which the artificial turf is being produced. The width of the line may be selected according to the rules of the sport in question. For example the line width may be 10 cm.
  • the position of the line may be selected so that the line may function as a marking line of a sports field.
  • the line may be at the very side of the carpet being produced, or, as depicted in panel 4B, at a distance from the side of the carpet.
  • the line may be produced in the middle of the carpet.
  • the dashed hatching indicates a first combination of filaments of a first color and filaments of a second color.
  • the solid hatching indicates a second combination of filaments of a first color and filaments of the second color.
  • the first and second combination may differ from each other through the selection of colors.
  • the first and second combination may differ from each other alternatively through the ratio of first and second colors.
  • the dashed area may have a combination of six filaments of line-marking color to four filaments of field color.
  • the line-marking color may be white, and the field color may be green.
  • the solid area in panel C may have the same colors as the dashed area in a combination of eight filaments of a line-marking color to two filaments of a field color.
  • the solid area in panel C could have the same ratio of line-marking color to field color (six and four), but the line-marking color may be yellow.
  • the embodiment of panel D is similar to that of panel C, except three color combinations are produced simultaneously.
  • the color combinations and the ratio of filaments of a first color to filaments of a second color may be independently selected in each of the three segments.
  • the tightly dashed area on the left in panel D may be a combination of six filaments of a line-marking color to four filaments of field color, while the segment with solid dash may have a combination of eight filaments of a line-marking color to two filaments of field color.
  • the right-most segment in panel D with the loose hatching may comprise either of the previous ratios of a line-marking color and a field color, but the line-marking color may be different than in the other two segments.
  • each of the segments could have the same ratio of a line-marking color to a field color, for example six to six, eight to four or ten to two, but in each segment, a different line-marking color (for example white, yellow and blue) could be used.
  • a line-marking color for example white, yellow and blue
  • FIG. 5 panels A to C, depicts an embodiment of the artificial turf according to the current disclosure.
  • the support layer 1, as well as filaments of first color 21 and filaments of second color 22 are depicted in the figure.
  • each ribbon contains four filaments of the first color (the filed color, green) and six filaments of the second color (the line-marking color, white).
  • panel A an overview of a patch of the artificial turf according to the current disclosure is depicted.
  • a line comprising filaments of the first color an filaments of the second color is visible on the foreground of panel A.
  • an area of filaments of only the first color, i.e. the field color, is visible.
  • the piles of the tufts are of the same length throughout.
  • Panel B is a close-up photo of the artificial turf of panel A from one side.
  • the line comprising filaments of both colors is depicted.
  • a tuft 4 emerging from one penetration point is indicated with an arrow.
  • panel C the artificial turf is shown from above, displaying the clear contrast between the field-colored area (top part of the panel), and the line containing line-marking color (bottom part of the panel).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Carpets (AREA)
EP19190202.2A 2018-08-06 2019-08-06 Artificial turf Active EP3608474B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20185674A FI128620B (sv) 2018-08-06 2018-08-06 Konstgräs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3608474A1 EP3608474A1 (en) 2020-02-12
EP3608474B1 true EP3608474B1 (en) 2022-11-30

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EP19190202.2A Active EP3608474B1 (en) 2018-08-06 2019-08-06 Artificial turf

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EP (1) EP3608474B1 (sv)
DK (1) DK3608474T3 (sv)
FI (2) FI128620B (sv)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1030262C2 (nl) * 2005-10-25 2007-04-26 Ten Cate Thiolon Bv Kunststofvezel voor toepassing in een kunstgrasveld, in het bijzonder een kunstgrassportveld, een kunstgrasveld voorzien van een dergelijke kunststofvezel en een werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een dergelijke kunststofvezel.
AU2014100372A4 (en) * 2014-04-14 2014-05-15 Apt Asia Pacific Pty Ltd Artificial Grass
CN107190617A (zh) * 2017-06-30 2017-09-22 青岛青禾人造草坪股份有限公司 仿天然草的人造草坪

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DK3608474T3 (da) 2023-02-13
FI20185674A1 (sv) 2020-02-07
EP3608474A1 (en) 2020-02-12
FI3608474T3 (sv) 2023-03-14
FI128620B (sv) 2020-08-31

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