EP3602206A1 - Piece d'horlogerie mecanique comprenant un mouvement dont la marche est amelioree par un dispositif de correction - Google Patents
Piece d'horlogerie mecanique comprenant un mouvement dont la marche est amelioree par un dispositif de correctionInfo
- Publication number
- EP3602206A1 EP3602206A1 EP18710877.4A EP18710877A EP3602206A1 EP 3602206 A1 EP3602206 A1 EP 3602206A1 EP 18710877 A EP18710877 A EP 18710877A EP 3602206 A1 EP3602206 A1 EP 3602206A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mechanical
- braking
- oscillator
- resonator
- pulses
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/26—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of the impulses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B15/00—Escapements
- G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mechanical timepiece comprising a movement whose progress is improved by a device for correcting a possible time drift in the operation of the mechanical oscillator which speeds the movement.
- the mechanical timepiece is formed, on the one hand, by a movement comprising:
- a mechanism indicating at least one temporal data a mechanism indicating at least one temporal data
- a mechanical resonator capable of oscillating along a general axis of oscillation around a neutral position corresponding to its state of minimum potential energy
- a maintenance device for the mechanical resonator forming with the latter a mechanical oscillator which is arranged to clock the operation of the indicating mechanism, each oscillation of this mechanical oscillator defining a period of oscillation,
- a device for correcting a possible time drift in the operation of the aforementioned mechanical oscillator by a device for correcting a possible time drift in the operation of the aforementioned mechanical oscillator.
- Such a time drift occurs especially when the average natural oscillation period of said mechanical oscillator is not equal to a set period.
- This set period is determined by an auxiliary oscillator which is incorporated in the correction device.
- Patent CH 597 636 published in 1977, proposes such a timepiece in The movement is equipped with a resonator formed by a sprung balance and a conventional maintenance device comprising an anchor and an escape wheel in kinematic connection with a barrel provided with a spring.
- This watch movement further comprises an electronic device for regulating the frequency of its mechanical oscillator.
- This control device comprises an electronic circuit and a magnetic assembly formed of a flat coil, arranged on a support under the beam shank, and two magnets mounted on the balance and arranged close to each other so as to both pass over the coil when the oscillator is on.
- the electronic circuit comprises a time base comprising a crystal resonator and for generating a reference frequency signal FR, this reference frequency being compared with the frequency FG of the mechanical oscillator.
- the detection of the frequency FG of the oscillator is performed via the electrical signals generated in the coil by the pair of magnets.
- the control circuit is arranged to be able momentarily to generate a braking torque via a magnet-coil magnetic coupling and a switchable load connected to the coil.
- the arrangement of permanent magnets on the balance means that a magnetic flux is constantly present in the watch movement and that this magnetic flux spatially varies periodically. Such a magnetic flux may have a detrimental effect on various members or elements of the watch movement, in particular on magnetic material elements such as parts made of ferromagnetic material. This can have repercussions on the proper functioning of the watch movement and also increase the wear of rotated elements.
- shielding requires particular elements that are carried by the pendulum. Such shielding tends to increase the bulk of the mechanical resonator and its weight. In addition, it limits the possibilities of aesthetic configurations for the sprung balance.
- the finger being provided to be able to momentarily block the pendulum which is then stopped in its movement during a certain period of time (the abutment bearing against the finger moved in its direction during a return of the pendulum towards its neutral position), or limit the amplitude of oscillation when the finger comes against the stop while the rocker rotates towards one of its two extreme angular positions (defining its amplitude), the finger then stopping the oscillation and the pendulum starting directly in the opposite direction.
- the movement of the finger is provided to stop the balance by contact with the stop, but the finger is arranged not to come into contact with the balance beam.
- the instant of an interaction between the finger and the stop also depends on the amplitude of the oscillation of the sprung balance.
- the desired synchronization seems improbable. Indeed, in particular for a sprung balance whose frequency is greater than the reference frequency setting the back and forth of the finger and with a first interaction between the finger and the abutment which temporarily holds the pendulum returning from one of its two extreme angular positions (correction reducing the error), the second interaction, after many oscillations without the stop touching the finger during its reciprocating movement, will certainly be a stop of the pendulum by the finger with immediate inversion of its sense of oscillation, in that the stop abuts against the finger while the rocker rotates towards said extreme angular position (correction increasing the error).
- An object of the present invention is to find a solution to the technical problems and disadvantages of the prior art mentioned in the technological background.
- a general object of the invention is to find a device for correcting a time drift of a mechanical movement, namely a device for correcting its progress to increase its accuracy, without giving up what it is. it can operate autonomously with the best accuracy that it is possible to have thanks to its own characteristics, that is to say in the absence of the correction device or when the latter is inactive.
- Another object of the present invention is to achieve the aforementioned aims without having to incorporate electrical and / or electronic devices in the timepiece according to the invention, that is to say using organs and systems specific to so-called mechanical watches, the latter being able to integrate, according to various developments in the field of mechanical watchmaking, magnetic elements such as magnets and ferromagnetic elements, but no devices requiring a power supply and therefore a source of electrical energy.
- the present invention relates to a timepiece as defined above in the technical field, in which the mentioned mechanical oscillator is a slave oscillator and the correction device is of the mechanical type, this mechanical correction device being formed by a mechanical auxiliary oscillator, which defines a master oscillator, and by a mechanical braking device of the mechanical resonator of the slave oscillator.
- the mechanical braking device is arranged to be able to apply to the mechanical resonator of the slave oscillator a mechanical braking torque during periodic braking pulses which are generated at a braking frequency selected only as a function of a reference frequency for the slave oscillator and determined by the master oscillator.
- the mechanical system formed of the mechanical resonator of the slave oscillator and the mechanical braking device is configured to allow the mechanical braking device to be able to start the periodic braking pulses at any position of said mechanical resonator in a position range, along the general axis of oscillation of this mechanical resonator, which extends at least a first of two sides of the neutral position of said mechanical resonator over at least a first range of amplitudes that the The slave oscillator is likely to have this first side for a useful operating range of this slave oscillator.
- the mechanical system mentioned is configured such that said range of positions of the mechanical resonator of the slave oscillator, in which the periodic braking pulses can begin, also extends from the second of the two sides of the neutral position. of said mechanical resonator over at least a second range of amplitudes that the slave oscillator is likely to have second side, along the general axis of oscillation, for the useful operating range of this mechanical oscillator.
- each of the two parts of the range of positions of the mechanical resonator identified above, incorporating respectively the first and second ranges of the amplitudes that the slave oscillator is likely to have respectively on both sides of the neutral position of its mechanical resonator, has a certain extent on which it is continuous or almost continuous.
- the mechanical braking device is arranged in such a way that the periodic braking pulses each have essentially less than a quarter of the corresponding reference period, the inverse of the reference frequency.
- the periodic braking pulses have a duration less than 1/10 of the reference period.
- the duration of the periodic braking pulses is essentially less than 1/40 of the reference period.
- the slave mechanical oscillator is synchronized to the master mechanical oscillator in an efficient and fast manner, as will become clear later in the detailed description of the invention.
- the mechanical correction device constitutes a synchronization device of the mechanical oscillator slave on the master mechanical oscillator, and this without closed-loop servo and without measuring sensor of the movement of the mechanical oscillator.
- the mechanical correction device thus operates with an open loop and it makes it possible to correct both an advance and a delay in the natural course of the mechanical movement, as will be explained later. This result is quite remarkable.
- synchronization on a master oscillator here comprises a servo (open loop, without feedback) of the mechanical oscillator slave to the master mechanical oscillator.
- correction device is such that the braking frequency derived from the reference frequency of the master oscillator is imposed on the slave oscillator which clock the operation of the indicator mechanism of a given time.
- the braking frequency of the mechanical braking pulses determines the average frequency of the slave oscillator.
- the mechanical system formed of the mechanical resonator and the mechanical braking device is configured to allow the mechanical braking device to start, within the useful operating range of the slave mechanical oscillator, a pulse of mechanical braking substantially at any time of the natural oscillation period of this slave mechanical oscillator.
- one of the periodic braking pulses can begin substantially at any position of the mechanical resonator of the slave mechanical oscillator along the general axis of oscillation of this mechanical resonator.
- the braking pulses have a dissipative nature because part of the energy of the oscillator is dissipated by these braking pulses.
- the mechanical braking torque is applied substantially by friction, in particular by means of a mechanical braking member exerting a certain pressure on a braking surface of the mechanical resonator which has a certain extent (non-point) along the axis of oscillation.
- the braking pulses exert a braking torque on the slave resonator whose value is provided to not momentarily block this slave resonator during periodic braking pulses.
- the mechanical system mentioned above is arranged to allow the mechanical braking torque generated by each of the braking pulses to be applied to the slave resonator during a continuous or quasi-continuous time interval (non-zero or one-time). but having a certain significant duration).
- FIG. 1 shows, in part schematically, a first embodiment of a timepiece according to the invention
- FIGS. 2A to 2D partially show a second embodiment of a timepiece according to the invention and a sequence of its operation
- FIG. 3 partially shows a third embodiment of a timepiece according to the invention
- FIG. 4 schematically shows a first configuration of the general arrangement of a timepiece according to the invention
- FIG. 5 schematically shows a second configuration of the general arrangement of a timepiece according to the invention
- FIG. 6 shows the application of a first braking pulse to a mechanical resonator in a certain alternation of its oscillation before it passes through its neutral position, as well as the angular speed of the balance of this mechanical resonator and its position. angular in a time interval during which the first braking pulse occurs,
- Figure 7 is a figure similar to Figure 6 but for the application of a second braking pulse in a certain alternation the oscillation of a mechanical oscillator after it has passed through its neutral position
- FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C respectively show the angular position of a sprung balance during a period of oscillation, the variation of the movement of the watch movement obtained for a fixed duration braking pulse, for three values a constant braking torque, depending on the angular position of the balance spring, and the corresponding braking power,
- FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 show respectively three different situations that may occur in an initial phase following the engagement of the correction device in a timepiece according to the invention
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory graph of the physical process occurring following the engagement of the correction device in the timepiece according to the invention and leading to the desired synchronization for the case where the natural frequency of the slave mechanical oscillator is greater than the set frequency,
- FIG. 13 represents, in the case of FIG. 12, an oscillation of the slave mechanical oscillator and the braking pulses in a stable synchronous phase for a variant in which a braking pulse occurs in each alternation,
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory graph of the physical process occurring following the engagement of the correction device in the timepiece according to the invention and leading to the desired synchronization for the case where the natural frequency of the slave mechanical oscillator is less than the set frequency,
- FIG. 15 represents, in the case of FIG. 14, an oscillation of the slave mechanical oscillator and the braking pulses in a stable synchronous phase for a variant where a braking pulse occurs in each alternation
- FIGS. 16 and 17 give, respectively for the two cases of FIGS. 12 and 14, the graph of the angular position of a mechanical oscillator and the corresponding oscillation periods for a mode of operation of the correction device where a braking pulse intervenes every four periods of oscillation
- Figures 18 and 19 are respectively partial enlargements of Figures 16 and 17,
- FIG. 20 represents, in a manner similar to the two previous figures, a specific situation in which the frequency of a mechanical oscillator is equal to the braking frequency
- FIG. 21 shows, for a variant of a timepiece according to the invention, the evolution of the oscillation period of the slave mechanical oscillator as well as the evolution of the total temporal error
- FIG. shows, for another variant of a timepiece according to the invention, the graph of the oscillation of the mechanical oscillator slave in an initial phase following the engagement of the correction device of a possible time drift
- FIGS. 23A to 23C partially show a fourth embodiment of a timepiece according to the invention and a sequence of its operation
- Figures 24A to 24C partially show a fifth embodiment of a timepiece according to the invention and a sequence of its operation.
- Figure 1 is shown, in part schematically, a first embodiment of a mechanical timepiece 2 according to the present invention. It comprises a mechanical clock movement 4 which comprises a mechanism 12 indicating a time data.
- the mechanical movement further comprises a mechanical resonator 6, formed by a balance 8 and a hairspring 10, and a main device for maintaining this mechanical resonator which is formed by a main exhaust.
- This main exhaust 14 and the mechanical resonator 6 form a mechanical oscillator 18 which speeds the operation of the indicator mechanism.
- the main escapement 14 is formed for example by an anchor and an escape wheel which is kinematically connected to a main source of mechanical energy 16.
- the mechanical resonator is able to oscillate around a neutral position (position of rest / zero angular position) corresponding to its state of minimum potential energy, along a circular axis whose radius corresponds for example to the outer radius of the strut 9 of the balance.
- a neutral position position of rest / zero angular position
- the radius of the circular axis here is unimportant. It defines a general axis of oscillation which indicates the nature of the motion of the mechanical resonator, which can be linear, for example, in another particular embodiment.
- the timepiece 2 further comprises a mechanical device 20 for correcting a possible time drift in the operation of the mechanical oscillator 18, this mechanical correction device comprising for this purpose a mechanical braking device 24 and a mechanical oscillator master 22 (later also called Master Oscillator ').
- the master oscillator is associated / coupled to the mechanical braking device to provide a reference frequency which controls its operation and determines the braking frequency of the mechanical braking pulses provided by the mechanical braking device.
- the master oscillator 22 is an auxiliary mechanical oscillator insofar as the main mechanical oscillator, which directly rates the march of the watch movement, is the mechanical oscillator 18, the latter thus being a slave oscillator.
- the auxiliary mechanical oscillator is by nature or by construction more accurate than the main mechanical oscillator.
- the master oscillator 22 is associated with an equalization mechanism of the force exerted on it to maintain its oscillation.
- the master oscillator 22 comprises an auxiliary mechanical resonator 28, conventionally formed here by a rocker 30 and a hairspring, and an auxiliary maintenance device formed by an auxiliary escapement 32, which comprises for example an anchor 33 and an escape wheel 34 which rotates in steps, a step being made at each alternation of the master oscillator.
- the average rotational speed of the wheel 34 is determined by the reference frequency of the master oscillator 22.
- the braking device 24 comprises a control mechanism 48 and a braking pulse generator mechanism 50 (also called pulse generator 'thereafter) arranged to generate mechanical braking pulses at a braking frequency determined by the control mechanism.
- This control mechanism comprises a control wheel 37, which is integral with a mobile 36 or forming thereof.
- the mechanism for generating braking pulses comprises a braking member, formed by a pivoting member 40, and a spring 44 associated with the pivoting member.
- the mobile 36 is kinematically connected to an auxiliary source of mechanical energy 26.
- This mobile 36 is a mobile for transmitting the mechanical energy of the auxiliary source 26, on the one hand, to the master oscillator 22 and, on the other hand, secondly, to the braking pulse generator 50.
- This is an advantageous variant insofar as the mechanical correction device requires a single source of mechanical energy.
- the exhaust 32 maintains the resonator 28 via the mobile 36 which meshes with a pinion of the escape wheel 34, the latter communicates to the mobile 36 a rhythm and thus determines its average angular velocity (because advance step-by-step) which is a function of the reference frequency of the master oscillator.
- the pivoting member 40 is mounted on an axis of rotation 43 and thus forms a rocker with two arms.
- the first end 41 of the rocker cooperates with the control wheel 37, which carries pins 38 arranged to come successively in contact with said first end to actuate the rocker so as to first arm the generator pulse by pressing laterally against this first end to thereby pivot the rocker by compressing the spring 44.
- the pulse generator is armed when the step-by-step advance of the control wheel to a step triggering a braking pulse when the pin in contact with the first end passes beyond this first end which is then released.
- the braking device will be adjusted so that this release occurs positively during a determined step of the control wheel.
- the latch 40 here forms a kind of hammer.
- the rocker 40 has at its second end a relatively rigid leaf spring 42 which forms a braking pad.
- the rocker is rotated, thanks to the pressure exerted by the spring 44 then compressed, in the direction of the shank 9 of the beam and the spring blade undergoes a substantially radial movement relatively to the axis of rotation of the pendulum as it approaches the serge.
- the pulse generator is configured so that the braking pad comes into contact with the lateral surface 46 of the serge 9 during the first swing of the rocker after its release and so that it exerts on the balance a certain amount of torque. force to stop him momentarily.
- the braking pulse generator is preferably configured so that the movement of the rocker is sufficiently damped so as to avoid rebounds which would generate a series of braking pulses instead of having a single braking pulse at the frequency of the braking pulse. braking. However, this damping is adjusted so that the brake shoe comes into contact with the rocker during the first swing of the rocker following its release.
- the braking pulse generator is arranged so that the periodic braking pulses can have a certain duration, mainly by a dynamic dry friction.
- the stiffness and the mass of the leaf spring 42 can be selected appropriately.
- the leaf spring 42 dampens the shock during the impact of it on the beam while extending the contact time and generating frictional braking between the leaf spring and the braking surface provided on the beam.
- We will also choose an adequate stiffness for the spring 44 and determine the position of the latch relative to the braking surface when the spring is at rest (position 'not deformed').
- other parameters of the pulse generator will advantageously be adjusted, in particular the length of each of its two arms and the position of the anchoring of the spring on one of its two arms.
- the balance of the master resonator is mounted on flexible blades.
- the anchor of the exhaust may be formed of flexible blades defining a bistable system and do not have a rotated shaft.
- the coupling between the anchor and the escape wheel is magnetic. In this case, we have a magnetic escapement with stop. Any high precision mechanical oscillator can therefore be incorporated into a timepiece according to the invention.
- the master oscillator 22 oscillates at a natural frequency of 10 Hz and has an intrinsic accuracy greater than the slave oscillator 18 whose reference frequency is equal to 3 Hz.
- the escape wheel 34 comprises twenty teeth and thus it performs a half turn per second (1/2 turn / s).
- the control wheel carries five pins 38 regularly spaced on its serge.
- the reduction ratio between the pinion of the escape wheel and the control wheel being provided here at 7.5 (6-tooth pinion and 45-toothed wheel), the control wheel 37 performs 1/15 turn per second (1). / 15 revolution / s) and the pulse generator is thus armed and released every third of a second, thus generating braking pulses at a frequency of 1/3 Hz (called 'braking frequency').
- the mechanical correction device 20 generates a mechanical braking pulse every nine set periods, which corresponds substantially to one pulse per nine periods. oscillation of the main oscillator whose natural frequency is best adjusted to the target frequency.
- the control wheel carries only one pin so as to generate a single braking pulse per revolution.
- the braking frequency is equal to 1/15 Hz and a braking pulse occurs every forty-five periods.
- the control wheel has two pins diametrically opposite. In this case, the braking frequency is equal to 2/15 Hz and a braking pulse occurs every twenty-two and a half periods, that is to say only every forty-five alternations (odd number) of the main oscillator slave 18.
- the mechanical braking device 24 is arranged to be able to periodically apply to the mechanical resonator 6 braking pulses at a braking frequency selected only as a function of the reference frequency for the main oscillator slave and determined by the oscillator master auxiliary 22.
- the mechanical braking device comprises a braking member capable of momentarily coming into contact with a braking surface of the slave mechanical resonator 6.
- the braking member is movable and has a movement of va-and -which is controlled by a mechanical control device that periodically actuates it at a braking frequency, so that the braking member periodically comes into contact with the braking surface of the slave mechanical resonator to apply braking pulses thereto .
- the mechanical system formed of the slave mechanical resonator 6 and the mechanical braking device 24, is configured so to allow the mechanical braking device to be able to start the periodic braking pulses at any position of the slave mechanical resonator at least in a certain continuous or quasi-continuous range of positions by which this mechanical slave resonator is likely to pass along. its general axis of oscillation.
- the variant represented in FIG. 1 corresponds to a preferred variant in which the mechanical system is configured so as to allow the mechanical braking device to apply a mechanical braking pulse to the slave mechanical resonator at any instant of an oscillation period. in the useful operating range of the slave oscillator.
- the outer lateral surface 46 of the serge 30 defines a continuous and circular braking surface, so that the pad 42 of the braking member 40 can exert a mechanical braking torque at any angular position of the sprung balance.
- a braking pulse can begin at any angular position of the slave mechanical resonator between the two extreme angular positions (the two amplitudes of the slave oscillator respectively on both sides of the neutral position of its mechanical resonator). is likely to reach when the slave oscillator is functional.
- the braking surface may be other than the external lateral surface of the balance beam. In a variant not shown, it is the central shaft of the balance which defines a circular braking surface. In this case, a pad of the braking member is arranged to exert a pressure against this surface of the central shaft during the application of the mechanical braking pulses.
- the mechanical braking device 24 is arranged so that the periodic braking pulses each have essentially less than a quarter of the reference period for the oscillation of the mechanical slave oscillator 18.
- the range of values for the average braking torque is between 0.2 ⁇ and 10 ⁇
- the range of values for the duration of the braking pulses is between 5 ms and 20 ms and the range of values relative to the braking period for the application of the periodic braking pulses is between 0.5 s and 3 s.
- the range of values for the average braking torque is between 0.1 ⁇ and 5 ⁇
- the range of values for the duration of the periodic braking pulses is between 1 ms and 10 ms
- the range of values for the braking period is between 3 s and 60 s, ie at least once a minute.
- the slave main oscillator is not limited to a version comprising a balance-spring and an escapement with a stop, in particular of the Swiss anchor type.
- Other mechanical oscillators may be provided, in particular with a flexible leaf rocker.
- the exhaust may include a stop or be of continuous rotation type.
- the auxiliary mechanical oscillator forming the master oscillator.
- the master oscillator is the one that finally gives the high precision required for the march of the mechanical movement, we will try to select for him a mechanical oscillator that is as accurate as possible, knowing that this oscillator does not have to train the mechanism or mechanisms of the watch movement, including a mechanism indicating the time. This is illustrated by the second embodiment of the invention described hereinafter.
- FIG 2A a second embodiment of a timepiece according to the invention.
- the correction device is formed by a master mechanical oscillator 54 and a mechanical braking device 56 which comprises a braking pulse generating mechanism 50 similar to that presented in the context of the first embodiment.
- the resonator 6, similar to that of Figure 1, and the pulse generator 50 will not be described here again in detail.
- the master oscillator 54 is of the magnetic escaping type. It comprises a resonator 60 formed of a rocker 62 and a hairspring 66 (shown schematically). In a variant, the balance is mounted on flexible blades.
- This balance has two arms which are located on two sides of its pivot axis and which carry at their respective ends two magnets 63 and 64. These two magnets are used to couple the resonator 60 to an escape wheel 68.
- This wheel of exhaust and the magnets 63 and 64 form the magnetic escapement of the master oscillator 54.
- the escape wheel comprises a magnetic structure formed of two annular tracks 70 and 72. Each of the two annular tracks has an alternation of annular sectors 74 and 76, a sector 74 and an adjacent sector 76 together defining an angular period of the magnetic structure. Both tracks are angularly out of phase by half a period.
- a sector 74 has at least one physical characteristic or defines at least one physical parameter, relative to the magnets carried by the pendulum, which is different from a similar physical characteristic of a sector 76 or of a similar physical parameter defined by a sector 76.
- the magnetic potential for any of the two magnets passing over a sector 74 is different from the magnetic potential that it has when passing over a sector 76.
- the escape wheel rotates, it causes the resonator 60 to swing to its own oscillation frequency (natural frequency) which then imposes a continuous rotational speed on the escape wheel according to the value of this frequency of oscillation, here called 'reference frequency'.
- the escape wheel advances an angular period of the magnetic structure per oscillation period of the balance 62. It will be noted that if the resonator is directly excited and oscillates at its resonant frequency (natural frequency ), then the escape wheel is rotated at the above-mentioned continuous rotational speed.
- continuous rotation speed it is understood here that the wheel rotates without stopping; but there may be a periodic variation in speed.
- the sectors 74 are formed of a ferromagnetic material while the sectors 76 are formed of a non-magnetic material.
- the sectors 74 are formed of a magnetic material while the sectors 76 are formed of a non-magnetic material.
- the sectors 74 are formed of a material magnetized in a first direction while the sectors 76 are formed of a magnetized material in a second direction opposite to the first direction (opposite polarities). In the latter case, each of the two magnets 63 and 64 undergoes a magnetic repulsion force above one of the two sectors and a magnetic attraction force above the other sector.
- Other improved variants are described in the patent application EP 2 891 930. Reference can be made to this document to understand in more detail the operation of the master oscillator 54.
- the escape wheel carries at its periphery a finger 58 arranged to be able to actuate the pulse generator 50 at each turn made by the escape wheel.
- This finger belongs to the braking device 56 and its role is similar to a pin 38 of the first embodiment. So, the escape wheel and the actuating finger 58 together form a control mechanism of the pulse generator 50.
- a sequence of the operation of the correction device of the second embodiment is given in Figures 2A to 2D.
- the pulse generator 50 is at rest and the actuating finger 58 is progressively rotating in its direction.
- Figure 2B the actuating finger has contacted the end 41 of the latch 40 and the latch 40 has begun to rotate in a clockwise direction. The pulse generator is thus armed.
- the finger slides along the end 41 until it loses contact with this end, which releases the rocker and then triggers the generation of a braking pulse, an event which is represented in FIG. Figure 2C.
- the spring 44 compressed in advance causes, during a first swing, the rocker in a counterclockwise direction and the spring blade 42, defining a braking pad, press against the braking surface 46 of the balance rod during a certain time interval.
- the rocker turns clockwise again during a second swing and then it oscillates around the rest position of the pulse generator undergoing damping, as shown in Figure 2D. Finally, the rocker stabilizes until the actuating finger has completed a new turn.
- the reference frequency of the master oscillator 54 is equal to 12 Hz and the magnetic structure of the escape wheel has magnetic periods of 30 °, ie 12 periods in total.
- the brake pulse generating mechanism is therefore actuated at a braking frequency of 1 Hz because the escape wheel performs one revolution per second.
- the number of magnetic periods is equal to 24 so that the braking frequency is then equal to 2 Hz.
- FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of a timepiece according to the invention.
- Timepiece 80 (represented in part) is distinguished from that of Figure 1 by only a few characteristics of the slave main resonator 6A and the braking pulse generating mechanism 50A.
- the resonator 6A comprises a serge 9A having cavities 84 (in the general plane of the balance) in which are housed screws 82 for balancing the balance.
- the outer lateral surface 46A of the beam no longer defines a continuous circular surface, but a discontinuous circular surface with four continuous angular sectors.
- the leaf spring 42 has a contact surface with an extent such that braking pulses remain possible for any angular position of the beam 8A, even when a cavity is opposite the leaf spring, as shown. in Figure 3.
- the flip-flop 40A of the pulse generator 50A is held in a central portion by two elastic strips 86A and 86B which respectively extend on both sides of the rocker, which can thus pivot about an axis fictitious defined by the two elastic blades.
- the two resilient blades are fixed to two studs each having a slot in which is rigidly inserted a blade end.
- a damper 88 is associated with the flip-flop 40A so as to sufficiently damp the oscillation of this flip-flop, after the generation of a first braking pulse, in order to prevent other significant braking pulses from being applied to the resonator 6A in a braking period following this first braking pulse.
- Figures 4 and 5 are schematically shown two alternative configurations for the general arrangement of a timepiece according to the invention.
- Figure 4 relates to a preferred arrangement that has been implemented in the previously described embodiments.
- a main source of mechanical energy formed by a main cylinder, transmits its energy, via a main transmission, to a slave oscillator 92 and to a mechanical mechanism. indication of the time whose operation is clocked by this slave oscillator.
- a braking device is arranged to brake the slave resonator, the intensity of this braking periodically varying at a braking frequency, as already exposed.
- This braking device is part of a mechanical correction device independent of the elements of the main part of the mechanical movement.
- the mechanical correction device comprises an auxiliary source of mechanical energy formed by an auxiliary barrel which is distinct from the main barrel.
- This auxiliary barrel supplies its energy, via an auxiliary transmission, on the one hand to the master oscillator 94 and on the other hand to the braking device.
- the energy is supplied to the braking device through the auxiliary transmission (version V1), a mobile of this auxiliary transmission forming a control mechanism of the pulse generator which not only determines the instants of triggering the braking pulses but in addition transmits the energy necessary to arm this pulse generator.
- the escape wheel which performs directly with the actuating finger these two functions (version V2).
- This arrangement has the advantage of completely separating mobiles in connection with the slave oscillator of mobiles in connection with the master oscillator. This makes it possible to avoid any coupling between the two oscillators which could possibly influence the operation and accuracy of the master oscillator.
- the only interaction expected between the slave oscillator and the master oscillator is constituted by the braking pulses.
- Figure 5 shows an alternative general arrangement that may be considered. It is characterized in that the main part of the watch movement and the correction device have in common a single source of energy, namely a barrel supplying its energy, via a possible common transmission, to a differential mechanism which distributes this energy on the one hand to the slave oscillator 92 and the time indicating mechanism and, on the other hand, to the master oscillator 94 and the braking device. It should be noted that this alternative does not prevent several barrels in series or in parallel supplying energy to the differential mechanism.
- the first graph indicates the instant tpi at which a braking pulse P1, respectively P2, is applied to the mechanical resonator considered to effect a correction of the operation of the mechanism which is clocked by the mechanical oscillator formed by this resonator.
- the last two graphs respectively show the angular velocity (values in radians per second: [rad / s]) and the angular position (values in radian: [rad]) of the oscillating organ (later also 'the pendulum') of the mechanical resonator over time.
- the curves 90 and 92 respectively correspond to the angular speed and the angular position of the freely oscillating rocker (oscillation at its natural frequency) before the intervention of a braking pulse.
- the speed curves 90a and 90b corresponding to the behavior of the resonator respectively in the case disturbed by the braking pulse and the undisturbed case.
- the position curves 92a and 92b correspond to the behavior of the resonator respectively in the case disturbed by the braking pulse and the undisturbed case.
- the instants tpi and tp2 to which the braking pulses P1 and P2 correspond to the temporal positions of the middle of these pulses.
- the beginning of the braking pulse and its duration are considered as the two parameters which define a braking pulse temporally.
- the pulses P1 and P2 are represented in FIGS. 6 and 7 by binary signals.
- mechanical braking pulses applied to the mechanical resonator and not control pulses are considered.
- the control pulse can intervene at least in part before the application of a mechanical braking pulse.
- the braking pulses P1, P2 correspond to the mechanical braking pulses applied to the resonator and not to previous control pulses.
- the braking pulses may be applied with a constant force torque or a non-constant force torque (for example substantially in a Gaussian or sinusoidal curve).
- braking pulse it is understood the momentary application of a force torque to the mechanical resonator which brakes its oscillating member (balance), that is to say which opposes the oscillating movement of this oscillating member.
- the duration of the pulse is generally defined as the portion of this pulse that has a significant torque force to brake the mechanical resonator.
- a braking pulse can have a large variation. It can even be chopped and form a succession of shorter pulses.
- each braking pulse can either brake the mechanical resonator without stopping it, as in Figures 6 and 7, either stop it during the braking pulse and stop momentarily during the rest of this braking pulse.
- Each free oscillation period T0 of the mechanical oscillator defines a first alternation A0 1 followed by a second alternation AO 2 each intervening between two extreme positions defining the amplitude of oscillation of this mechanical oscillator, each alternation having an identical duration TO / 2 and having a passage of the mechanical resonator by its zero position at a median time.
- the two successive alternations of an oscillation define two half-periods during which the rocker is respectively subjected to an oscillation movement in one direction and then an oscillation movement in the other direction.
- an alternation here corresponds to a rocking of the balance in one direction or the other direction between its two extreme positions defining the amplitude of oscillation.
- a new alternation A1 during which a braking pulse P1 occurs.
- ÎDI begins the alternation A1
- the resonator 14 occupying a maximum positive angular position corresponding to an extreme position.
- the braking pulse P1 at the instant tpi which is located before the median moment tm at which the resonator passes through its neutral position and therefore also before the corresponding median instant ÎNO of the undisturbed oscillation.
- the alternation A1 ends at the final instant ÎFL
- the braking pulse is triggered after a time interval TAI following the time ÎDI marking the beginning of the alternation A1.
- the duration TAI is less than half-alternation TO / 4 less the duration of the braking pulse P1. In the example given, the duration of this braking pulse is much less than a half-alternation TO / 4.
- the braking pulse is generated between the beginning of an alternation and the passage of the resonator by its neutral position in this alternation.
- the angular speed in absolute value decreases at the moment of the braking pulse P1.
- Such a braking pulse induces a negative phase shift Tci in the oscillation of the resonator, as shown in FIG. 6 the two curves 90a and 90b of the angular velocity and also the two curves 92a and 92b of the angular position, that is, a delay relative to the undisturbed theoretical signal (shown in broken lines).
- the duration of the alternation A1 is increased by a time interval Tci.
- the oscillation period T1, comprising the alternation A1 is therefore extended relative to the value TO.
- the braking pulse P2 at time tp2 which is located in the alternation A2 after the median time tN2 at which the resonator passes through its neutral position. Finally, after the braking pulse P2, this alternation A2 terminates at the final time tF2 at which the resonator again occupies an extreme position (maximum positive angular position in the period T2) and therefore also before the corresponding final instant ÎFO de undisturbed oscillation.
- the braking pulse is triggered after a time interval TA2 following the initial time tD2 of the alternation A2.
- the duration TA2 is greater than a half-alternation TO / 4 and less than an alternation TO / 2 less the duration of the braking pulse P2.
- the duration of this braking pulse is much less than half a half cycle.
- the braking pulse is thus generated, in an alternation, between the median instant at which the resonator passes through its neutral position (zero position) and the final instant at which this alternation ends.
- the angular speed in absolute value decreases at the moment of the braking pulse P2.
- the braking pulse here induces a positive time phase shift Tc2 in the oscillation of the resonator, as shown in Figure 4 the two curves 90b and 90c of the angular velocity and also the curves 92b and 92c of the position angular, an advance relative to the undisturbed theoretical signal (shown in broken lines).
- the duration of the alternation A2 is reduced by the time interval Tc2.
- the oscillation period T2 comprising the alternation A2 is therefore shorter than the value T0. This consequently generates a point increase in the frequency of the mechanical oscillator and a momentary acceleration of the associated mechanism whose operation is clocked by this mechanical oscillator. This phenomenon is surprising and unintuitive, which is why the skilled person ignored it in the past. Indeed, get an acceleration of the mechanism by a braking impulse is a priori surprising, but such is the case when this step is clocked by a mechanical oscillator and the braking pulse is applied to its resonator.
- the aforementioned physical phenomenon for mechanical oscillators is involved in the synchronization method implemented in a timepiece according to the invention. Unlike general education in the horological field, it is possible not only to reduce the frequency of a mechanical oscillator by braking pulses, but it is also possible to increase the frequency of such a mechanical oscillator also by braking pulses. The person skilled in the art expects to be able to practically only reduce the frequency of a mechanical oscillator by braking pulses and, as a corollary, to be able only to increase the frequency of such a mechanical oscillator by the application of driving pulses. during a supply of energy to this oscillator.
- the application of a braking torque during an alternation of the oscillation of a sprung balance causes a negative or positive phase shift in the oscillation of this sprung balance depending on whether this braking torque is applied respectively before or after the sprung balance has passed through its neutral position.
- FIG. 8A is shown the angular position (in degrees) of a resonator mechanical watch oscillating with an amplitude of 300 ° during a period of oscillation of 250 ms.
- FIG. 8B shows the daily error generated by millisecond (1 ms) braking pulses applied in successive oscillation periods of the mechanical resonator as a function of the moment of their application within these periods and therefore according to the angular position of the mechanical resonator.
- the mechanical oscillator operates freely at a natural frequency of 4 Hz (undisturbed case).
- FIG. 8C is given the braking power consumed for the three aforementioned force torque values as a function of the time of application of the braking pulse during an oscillation period.
- braking power also decreases.
- the error generated in FIG. 8B may correspond to a correction in the case where the mechanical oscillator has a natural frequency that does not correspond to a reference frequency.
- braking pulses occurring in the second or fourth quarter of the oscillation period can allow correction of the delay taken by the free oscillation (undisturbed), this correction being more or less strong depending on the moment of the braking pulses within the oscillation period.
- braking pulses occurring in the first or third quarter of the oscillation period may allow a correction of the advance taken by the free oscillation, this correction being more or less strong depending on the moment of the braking pulses in the oscillation period.
- the braking frequency is thus proportional to the reference frequency for the master oscillator and depends only this reference frequency as soon as the positive integer N is given.
- the braking frequency is therefore proportional to the reference frequency and determined by this reference frequency, which is provided by the auxiliary mechanical oscillator which is by nature or by construction more accurate than the main mechanical oscillator.
- FIG. 9 is represented on the top graph the angular position of the slave mechanical resonator, in particular the spiral balance of a clock resonator, oscillating freely (curve 100) and oscillating with braking (curve 102).
- the first mechanical braking pulses 104 (hereinafter also referred to as "pulses") occur here once per half-wave oscillation period. between the passage through an extreme position and the passage through zero. This choice is arbitrary because the planned system does not detect the angular position of the mechanical resonator; it is therefore just one possible hypothesis among others that will be analyzed later. We are here in the case of a slowing down of the mechanical oscillator.
- the braking torque for the first braking pulse is provided here greater than a minimum braking torque to compensate for the advance that the free oscillator takes over an oscillation period. This has the consequence that the second braking pulse takes place a little before the first inside the quarter period where these pulses occur.
- Curve 106 which gives the instantaneous frequency of the mechanical oscillator, in fact indicates that the instantaneous frequency decreases below the reference frequency at the first pulse.
- the second braking pulse is closer to the foregoing extreme position, so that the effect of braking increases and so on with subsequent pulses.
- the instantaneous frequency of the oscillator thus gradually decreases and the pulses are gradually approaching an extreme position of the oscillation.
- the braking pulses include the passage through the extreme position where the speed of the mechanical resonator changes direction and the instantaneous frequency then begins to increase. Braking is unique in that it opposes the movement of the resonator whatever the direction of its movement. Thus, when the resonator goes through an inversion of the direction of its oscillation during a braking pulse, the braking torque automatically changes sign at the moment of this inversion. There are then braking pulses 104a which have, for the braking torque, a first part with a first sign and a second part with a second sign opposite to the first sign. In this situation, there is therefore the first part of the signal which comes before the extreme position and which opposes the effect of the second part which comes after this extreme position.
- the second part decreases the instantaneous frequency of the mechanical oscillator
- the first part increases it.
- the correction then decreases to stabilize finally and relatively quickly to a value for which the instantaneous frequency of the oscillator is equal to the reference frequency (corresponding here to the braking frequency).
- the oscillation frequency is substantially equal to the target frequency and where the first and second portions of the braking pulses has a substantially constant and defined ratio.
- the first pulses 104 intervene in FIG. the same half-wave as in Figure 9.
- the graphs of FIG. 11 are analogous to those of FIG. 10.
- the major difference comes from the fact that the first braking pulses 14 occur in another half-waveform than in FIG. 10, namely in a half wave. alternation between the zero crossing and the passage through an extreme position.
- an increase in the instantaneous frequency given by the curve 1 12 is observed here in a transient phase.
- the braking torque for the first braking pulse is provided here greater than a minimum braking torque to compensate. the delay that the free mechanical oscillator takes over a period of oscillation. This has the consequence that the second braking pulse takes place a little after the first inside the quarter period where these pulses occur.
- the curve 1 12 indicates that the instantaneous frequency of the oscillator increases above the reference frequency from the first pulse.
- the second braking pulse is closer to the end position that follows, so that the effect of braking increases and so on with subsequent pulses.
- the instantaneous frequency of the oscillation with braking 1 14 therefore increases and the braking pulses are gradually approaching an extreme position of the oscillation.
- the braking pulses include the passage through the extreme position where the speed of the mechanical resonator changes direction. From that moment, we have a phenomenon similar to that explained above.
- the braking pulses 1 14a then have two parts and the second part decreases the instantaneous frequency.
- This decrease in the instantaneous frequency continues until it has a value equal to the value of setpoint for the same reasons as given with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.
- the frequency decrease stops automatically when the instantaneous frequency is substantially equal to the reference frequency. This results in a stabilization of the frequency of the mechanical oscillator at the reference frequency in a synchronous phase.
- Figure 12 shows a period of oscillation with the curve S1 of the positions of a mechanical resonator.
- the natural oscillation frequency F0 of the free mechanical oscillator (without braking pulses) is greater than the reference frequency FOc (F0> FOc).
- the oscillation period conventionally comprises a first alternation A1 followed by a second alternation A2, each between two extreme positions (tm-i, Am-i; tm, Am; tm + i, A m + i) corresponding to the amplitude oscillation.
- a braking pulse 'Imp1' whose middle time position intervenes at a time ti and, in the second alternation, another braking pulse 'Imp2' whose middle time position intervenes at a moment t2.
- the pulses Imp1 and Imp2 have a phase shift of TO / 2, and they are particular because they correspond, for a given profile of the braking torque, to corrections generating two unstable equilibriums of the system.
- pulses Imp1 and Imp2 are both first pulses, each being considered for herself in the absence of the other. It will be noted that the effects of pulses Imp1 and Imp2 are identical.
- the pulse will quickly drift to the extreme position A m .
- the following pulses will progressively approach the next extreme position A m .
- the same behavior is observed in the second alternation A2. If a pulse occurs to the left of pulse Imp2 in zone Z2a, the following pulses will progressively move closer to the previous extreme position A m . On the other hand, if a pulse occurs to the right of pulse Imp2 in zone Z2b, the following pulses will progressively approach the next extreme position A m + 1.
- Figure 13 shows the synchronous phase corresponding to a final stable situation occurring after the transient phase described above.
- this extreme position will be stalled on the braking pulses provided that these braking pulses are configured (the torque and the duration) to be able to sufficiently correct the time drift of the free mechanical oscillator at least by a braking pulse occurring entirely, as the case may be, just before or just after an extreme position.
- the extreme position A m -i of the oscillation is locked to the impulses Impl a, or the extreme position A m of the oscillation is set on impulses Impl b.
- the impulses Impl a and Impl b each have a first part whose duration is shorter than that of their second part, so as to correct exactly the difference between the too high natural frequency of the slave main oscillator and the set frequency imposed by the master auxiliary oscillator.
- the extreme position A m of the oscillation is locked to the pulses Imp2a, or the extreme position A m + i of the oscillation is set to Imp2b pulses.
- Imp2a and Imp2b occupy stable relative time positions. Indeed, a slight deviation to the left or right of one of these pulses, due to an external disturbance, will have the effect of reducing a next pulse to the initial relative time position. Then, if the time drift of the mechanical oscillator varies during the synchronous phase, the oscillation will automatically undergo a slight phase shift so that the ratio between the first part and the second part of the impulses Impl a, respectively Impl b, Imp2a and Imp2b varies in a measure which adapts the correction generated by the braking pulses to the new frequency difference. Such behavior of the timepiece according to the present invention is truly remarkable.
- Figures 14 and 15 are similar to Figures 12 and 13, but for a situation where the natural frequency of the oscillator is lower than the target frequency. Therefore Imp3 and Imp4 pulses, corresponding to an unstable equilibrium situation in the correction made by the braking pulses, are respectively located in the second and fourth quarter period (times t3 and U) where the pulses cause an increase in the oscillation frequency.
- the explanations in detail will not be repeated here because the behavior of the system follows from the preceding considerations.
- the transient phase (FIG. 14) if an impulse occurs in the alternating A3 on the left of the pulse Imp3 in the zone Z3a, the previous extreme position (tm-i, A m -i) will progressively approach the subsequent pulses.
- the pulses Imp3a and Imp3b each have a first portion whose duration is longer than that of their second part, so as to correct exactly the difference between the natural frequency too low of the oscillator main slave and the set frequency imposed by the master auxiliary oscillator.
- the correction device of the The invention is effective and rapidly synchronizes the frequency of the mechanical oscillator, timing the movement of the mechanical movement, to the reference frequency which is determined by the reference frequency of the master auxiliary oscillator, which controls the braking frequency at which the Braking pulses are applied to the resonator of the mechanical oscillator. This remains true if the natural frequency of the mechanical oscillator varies and even if it is, in certain periods of time, greater than the reference frequency, while in other periods of time it is lower than this reference frequency.
- the teaching given above and the synchronization obtained thanks to the characteristics of the timepiece according to the invention also apply to the case where the braking frequency for the application of the braking pulses is not equal to the setpoint frequency.
- the pulses occurring at the unstable positions correspond to corrections to compensate the temporal drift during a single oscillation period.
- the predicted braking pulses have a sufficient effect to correct a time drift during several oscillation periods, it is then possible to apply a single pulse per time interval equal to these several oscillation periods. We will then observe the same behavior as for the case where a pulse is generated by oscillation period.
- Figures 16 and 17 show the synchronous phase for a variant with a braking frequency FFR equal to one quarter of the target frequency, a braking pulse therefore occurring every four periods of oscillation.
- Figures 18 and 19 are partial enlargements respectively of Figures 16 and 17.
- Figure 17 relates to a case where the natural frequency of the main oscillator is greater than this reference frequency. It is observed that only the oscillation periods T1 * and T2 * , in which intervene braking pulses Impl b or Imp2a, respectively Imp3b or Imp4a, have a variation relative to the natural period T0 * .
- the braking pulses generate a phase shift only in the corresponding periods.
- the periods snapshots oscillate around an average value that is equal to that of the set period.
- the instantaneous periods are measured from a zero crossing on a rising edge of the oscillation signal to such a next pass.
- the synchronous pulses that occur at the extreme positions are fully encompassed in periods of oscillation.
- Figure 20 shows the specific case where the natural frequency is equal to the target frequency.
- the oscillation periods T0 * remain all equal, the impulse pulses Imp5 occurring exactly at extreme positions of the free oscillation with first and second parts of these pulses which have identical durations (case of a constant braking torque), so that the effect of the first part is canceled by the opposite effect of the second part.
- the total temporal error increases linearly as a function of time, whereas this error stabilizes rapidly after the activation of the correction device.
- the total error also called 'cumulative error'
- the timepiece indicates by the following an hour with a precision corresponding to that of the oscillator master incorporated in this timepiece and associated with the braking device.
- Figure 22 shows the evolution of the amplitude of the slave mechanical oscillator after the engagement of the correction device according to the invention.
- the transient phase there is a relatively marked decrease in amplitude in a case where the first pulse is near the zero position (neutral position).
- the various braking pulses occurring in particular in a first part of this transient phase generate relatively high energy losses, which follows from the graph of FIG. 8C. Subsequently, the energy losses decrease rather quickly and finally become minimal for a given correction in the synchronous phase.
- the part according to the invention also has the benefit of stabilizing in a synchronous phase for which the energy dissipated by the oscillator, due to the braking pulses provided, is minimal. Indeed, the oscillator has after stabilization of its amplitude the smallest possible amplitude decrease for the braking pulses provided.
- the device for correcting the gait of a mechanical movement that generates the synchronization according to the invention therefore has a minimized influence for the power reserve.
- the braking pulses each have a duration less than 1/10 of the reference period.
- the braking pulses each have a duration between 1/250 and 1/40 of said set period. In the latter case, for a reference frequency equal to 4 Hz, the duration of the pulses is between 1 ms and 5 ms.
- timepieces with mechanical resonators having a circular braking surface enabling the braking device to apply a mechanical braking pulse to the slave mechanical resonator substantially at all times of a moment. oscillation period in the useful operating range of the slave oscillator.
- the stable synchronization can already be obtained, after a certain period of time, with a mechanical system, formed of the slave mechanical resonator and the mechanical braking device, which is configured to allow the mechanical braking device to be able to start periodic braking pulses at any position of the slave mechanical resonator only in a continuous or quasi-continuous range of positions of this defined resonator, of a first of two sides of the neutral position of the slave mechanical resonator, by the range of amplitudes of the slave oscillator for its useful operating range.
- this range of positions is increased, on the minimum amplitude side, at least by an angular distance corresponding to the duration of a braking pulse, so that allow for a minimum amplitude a braking pulse by a dynamic dry friction. So that the mechanical system can act in all the alternations and not only in all periods of oscillation, it is then necessary for this mechanical system to be configured so as to allow the mechanical braking device to also be able to start the periodic braking pulses. at any position of the mechanical resonator of the second of two sides of said neutral position, in the amplitude range of the slave mechanical oscillator for its useful operating range.
- the range of positions is also increased, on the minimum amplitude side, at least by an angular distance substantially corresponding to the duration of a braking pulse.
- the above-mentioned continuous or quasi-continuous range of positions of the slave mechanical resonator extends, from a first of two sides of its neutral position, at least over the amplitude range that the slave oscillator is capable of having on this first side for a useful operating range of this slave oscillator and advantageously in addition, on the side of a minimum amplitude of the amplitudes range, at least over an angular distance substantially corresponding to the duration of the pulses of braking.
- the aforementioned mechanical system is configured to allow the mechanical braking device it is also possible to start the periodic braking pulses at any position of the slave mechanical resonator, the second of the two sides of its neutral position, at least in a second continuous or quasi-continuous range of positions of this slave mechanical resonator extending over the amplitude range that the slave oscillator is likely to have from this second side for said useful operating range and advantageously in addition, on the side of a minimum amplitude of the latter range of amplitudes, at least on said first angular distance.
- two categories of periodic braking pulses can be distinguished in relation to the intensity of the mechanical force torque applied to the slave mechanical resonator and the duration of the periodic braking pulses.
- the braking torque and the duration of the braking pulses are provided, for the useful operating range of the slave oscillator, so as not to momentarily block the mechanical resonator slave during the periodic braking pulses at the less in most of the possible transitional phase that has been described previously.
- the system is arranged so that the mechanical braking torque can be applied to the slave mechanical resonator, at least in the major part of the possible transient phase, during each braking pulse.
- the oscillating member and the braking member are arranged in such a way that the periodic braking pulses can be applied, at least during most of the possible transient phase, mainly by a dynamic dry friction between the braking member and a braking surface of the oscillating member.
- the mechanical braking torque and the duration of the periodic braking pulses are provided so as to block the mechanical resonator during periodic braking pulses at least in their terminal part.
- a momentary blocking of the slave mechanical resonator by the periodic braking pulses is provided in the synchronous phase whereas, in an initial part of the eventual transient phase, where the periodic braking pulses occur. outside the extreme positions of the slave mechanical resonator, the latter is not blocked by these periodic braking pulses.
- FIGS. 23A to 23C show a sequence of the operation of a correction device in a fourth embodiment of a timepiece according to the invention. Only the slave main resonator 6 and the mechanical correction device 52A have been represented.
- the correction device is formed by a master auxiliary oscillator 96 and by a braking device 56A, similar to that presented in the context of the first embodiment, which comprises a braking pulse generating mechanism 50A.
- the master oscillator 96 is related to the oscillator 54 of the second embodiment. Its operation is analogous and will not be described here again. It is distinguished by its resonator 98 formed by a tuning fork which carries at the free ends of its two vibrating branches respectively two magnets 99 and 100 which have an axial magnetization.
- the tuning fork has a fundamental resonance mode with its two branches oscillating in phase opposition and that the two magnets 99 and 100 that it carries are arranged at rest diametrically opposite to the axis of rotation of the escape wheel, the number of magnetic periods of the magnetic structure of the escape wheel is planned pair.
- the tuning fork may have a relatively high natural frequency, so that it is envisaged in a variant to arrange the actuating finger 58 on a mobile of an auxiliary transmission train with the mechanical energy necessary for the operation of the device. correction 52A, this mobile rotating at a lower speed than the escape wheel 68.
- the operation of the correction device differs from that of the preceding embodiments in that the control mechanism formed by the escape wheel 68 and the actuating finger 58 acts as the reverse on the brake pulse generating mechanism 50A.
- the control mechanism formed by the escape wheel 68 and the actuating finger 58 acts as the reverse on the brake pulse generating mechanism 50A.
- the force of the spring 44A can here be very small, but preferably sufficient damping is provided to prevent oscillation of the rocker, following its release, generating a second parasitic braking pulse during the braking period following the first pulse.
- the duration of the braking pulses is determined by the angular distance on which the actuating finger remains in contact with the end of the rocker following the moment when the leaf spring touches the braking surface. This angular distance can be adjusted to a given value by adjusting in particular the length of the actuating finger. It will be noted that the braking torque increases here during the braking pulse and then decreases almost instantaneously as soon as the rocker is released. This force torque can be adjusted to a given value in particular according to the stiffness of the leaf spring and the length ratio between the two arms of the rocker.
- FIGs 24A-24C is shown a sequence of the operation of a correction device in a fifth embodiment of a timepiece according to the invention. Only the slave main resonator 6 and part of the mechanical correction device has been shown.
- the correction device is formed by a master auxiliary oscillator 22A, of which only the escape wheel 34A has been shown (its resonator and the anchor being similar to those shown in FIG. 1), and by a braking device 56A.
- the escape wheel rotates step by step with an angular velocity determined by the reference frequency of the master resonator.
- the braking device comprises a braking pulse generating mechanism 50A similar to that presented above in the context of the fourth embodiment. This pulse generator operates in the same manner as that of the fourth embodiment.
- the control mechanism 48A of the braking device is formed here by the escape wheel and by two pins 38 fixed on this wheel diametrically opposite.
- the control mechanism advances by step.
- the generation of a braking pulse is provided during a step of the escape wheel (Figure 24B).
- This wheel has for example 15 teeth and the master oscillator 22A operates at a reference frequency of 7.5 Hz.
- the escape wheel performs 1/2 turn per second so that the braking pulses are made at a frequency of 1 Hz braking.
- the wheel 34A takes two steps and advances by an angular distance equal to 24 °, so that at least one of the two steps corresponds to a rotation of at least 12 °.
- the end 41 of the flip-flop 40 is configured and positioned relative to the circle described by the pins 38 in rotation so as to allow the braking pulse to be completely effected at a given pitch of the control wheel. Note that it is advantageous that the rocker is already rotated during a step of the control wheel preceding that which occurs to generate a braking pulse. In this case, care will be taken to arrange the braking device so that the leaf spring 42 rotates towards the braking surface 46 of the beam when said previous step without touching this braking surface, but stopping at a short distance from it (Figure 24A).
- FIG. 24A represents a first state of the braking device at the end of a determined pitch of the wheel 34A.
- Figure 24B shows a second state of the braking device at a first step following said determined step (application of a braking pulse to the balance 8).
- Fig. 24C corresponds to a third state where the wheel 34A has completed the first step shown in Fig. 24B, before a second step follows directly following said first step. Since during a step, the wheel 34A rotates very quickly (free rotation), the duration of the braking pulses can be thus relatively short.
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Abstract
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17163250 | 2017-03-28 | ||
| EP17172491 | 2017-05-23 | ||
| PCT/EP2018/056649 WO2018177774A1 (fr) | 2017-03-28 | 2018-03-16 | Piece d'horlogerie mecanique comprenant un mouvement dont la marche est amelioree par un dispositif de correction |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3602206A1 true EP3602206A1 (fr) | 2020-02-05 |
| EP3602206B1 EP3602206B1 (fr) | 2020-12-30 |
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| EP18710877.4A Active EP3602206B1 (fr) | 2017-03-28 | 2018-03-16 | Pièce d'horlogerie mécanique comprenant un mouvement dont la marche est améliorée par un dispositif de correction |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11480925B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3602206B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP6826673B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN110546581B (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018177774A1 (fr) |
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| PT3703750T (pt) | 2017-11-01 | 2025-01-17 | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Recetores de antigénio quimérico específicos para o antigénio de maturação das células b e polinucleótidos codificantes |
| US20230009341A1 (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2023-01-12 | The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd | Timepiece provided with a mechanical movement and a device for correcting a displayed time |
| EP3842876B1 (fr) * | 2019-12-24 | 2025-02-19 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd | Piece d horlogerie munie d'un mouvement mecanique et d'un dispositif de correction d'une heure affichee |
| CN111536184A (zh) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-14 | 许煌难 | 一种半周摩擦阻尼器 |
| WO2022022829A1 (fr) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-02-03 | Montres Breguet S.A. | Ensemble sympathique d'horlogerie |
| EP3971655A1 (fr) * | 2020-09-18 | 2022-03-23 | ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse | Protection antichoc a butee d'un mecanisme resonateur a guidage flexible rotatif |
| EP4063973B1 (fr) * | 2021-03-23 | 2025-03-26 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd | Pièce d horlogerie incorporant un actuateur comprenant un dispositif électromécanique |
| EP4174586B1 (fr) * | 2021-10-29 | 2024-05-29 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd | Ensemble horloger comprenant une montre et un système de correction de l'heure |
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| FR833085A (fr) | 1937-02-09 | 1938-10-11 | Junghans Geb Ag | Procédé et dispositif de synchronisation de l'organe régulateur de la marche d'une pendule au moyen d'un oscillateur normal |
| CH1801671A4 (fr) | 1971-12-10 | 1975-05-30 | ||
| CH597636B5 (fr) | 1972-11-21 | 1978-04-14 | Ebauches Sa | |
| CH622923B (fr) | 1977-02-22 | Ebauches Sa | Montre electromecanique. | |
| JPH09138286A (ja) * | 1995-11-16 | 1997-05-27 | Seiko Instr Inc | トルク調整機能付機械式時計 |
| EP1039352B1 (fr) | 1999-03-26 | 2003-10-08 | Rolex Sa | Spiral autocompensateur pour balancier-spiral de mouvement d'horlogerie et procédé de traitement de ce spiral |
| WO2001048565A1 (fr) | 1999-12-24 | 2001-07-05 | Seiko Instruments Inc. | Montre mecanique avec unite de commande de rouage |
| EP1158373A4 (fr) * | 1999-12-24 | 2005-06-15 | Seiko Instr Inc | Horloge mecanique comportant un mecanisme d'actionnement de regulateur |
| ATE363675T1 (de) * | 2003-10-01 | 2007-06-15 | Asulab Sa | Uhr mit einem mechanischen uhrwerk, das mit einem elektronischen regulator gekoppelt ist |
| JP4688627B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-24 | 2011-05-25 | セイコーインスツル株式会社 | ひげ棒構造体、並びにこれを備えた緩急針、てんぷ構造体及び機械式時計 |
| CH700459A2 (fr) * | 2009-02-24 | 2010-08-31 | Montres Breguet Sa | Pièce d'horlogerie comportant un chronographe et une montre. |
| CH707815B1 (fr) * | 2013-03-19 | 2017-05-31 | Nivarox Far Sa | Sous-ensemble de mécanisme d'échappement d'horlogerie comportant un ressort-spiral. |
| EP2998801A1 (fr) | 2014-09-19 | 2016-03-23 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. | Echappement magnétique horloger et dispositif régulateur de la marche d'un mouvement horloger |
| JP6087895B2 (ja) | 2013-12-23 | 2017-03-01 | ザ・スウォッチ・グループ・リサーチ・アンド・ディベロップメント・リミテッド | 磁気脱進機機構を含む時計ムーブメント内のホイールセットのための角速度調節デバイス |
| EP2908187B1 (fr) | 2014-02-17 | 2016-10-19 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. | Régulation d'un résonateur d'horlogerie par action sur la longueur active d'un spiral |
| EP2908188B1 (fr) | 2014-02-17 | 2018-06-27 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. | Régulation d'un résonateur d'horlogerie par action sur la rigidité d'un moyen de rappel élastique |
| EP2908184B1 (fr) * | 2014-02-17 | 2017-10-18 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. | Procédé d'entretien et de régulation d'un résonateur d'horlogerie |
| WO2015140332A2 (fr) | 2014-03-21 | 2015-09-24 | Hublot Sa, Genève | Organe tournant horloger, oscillateur horloger |
| CH711349A2 (de) | 2015-07-23 | 2017-01-31 | Uhrteil Ag | Antriebsmechanik für eine Uhr. |
| EP3130966B1 (fr) | 2015-08-11 | 2018-08-01 | ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse | Mouvement d'horlogerie mecanique muni d'un systeme de retroaction du mouvement |
-
2018
- 2018-03-16 WO PCT/EP2018/056649 patent/WO2018177774A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2018-03-16 EP EP18710877.4A patent/EP3602206B1/fr active Active
- 2018-03-16 CN CN201880022339.8A patent/CN110546581B/zh active Active
- 2018-03-16 US US16/494,496 patent/US11480925B2/en active Active
- 2018-03-16 JP JP2019553303A patent/JP6826673B2/ja active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US11480925B2 (en) | 2022-10-25 |
| CN110546581B (zh) | 2021-09-03 |
| CN110546581A (zh) | 2019-12-06 |
| JP6826673B2 (ja) | 2021-02-03 |
| EP3602206B1 (fr) | 2020-12-30 |
| US20200026240A1 (en) | 2020-01-23 |
| JP2020512557A (ja) | 2020-04-23 |
| WO2018177774A1 (fr) | 2018-10-04 |
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