EP3602124A1 - Système lidar à base de spad (photodiodes avalanche à photon unique) - Google Patents

Système lidar à base de spad (photodiodes avalanche à photon unique)

Info

Publication number
EP3602124A1
EP3602124A1 EP18712567.9A EP18712567A EP3602124A1 EP 3602124 A1 EP3602124 A1 EP 3602124A1 EP 18712567 A EP18712567 A EP 18712567A EP 3602124 A1 EP3602124 A1 EP 3602124A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
lidar system
transmitting device
horizontally
vertically polarized
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP18712567.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Annemarie Holleczek
Tobias PETERSEIM
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP3602124A1 publication Critical patent/EP3602124A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
    • G01S17/10—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
    • G01S17/18—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves wherein range gates are used
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/486—Receivers
    • G01S7/4861—Circuits for detection, sampling, integration or read-out
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/486—Receivers
    • G01S7/4865—Time delay measurement, e.g. time-of-flight measurement, time of arrival measurement or determining the exact position of a peak
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/486—Receivers
    • G01S7/487—Extracting wanted echo signals, e.g. pulse detection
    • G01S7/4876—Extracting wanted echo signals, e.g. pulse detection by removing unwanted signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/491—Details of non-pulse systems
    • G01S7/493—Extracting wanted echo signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/499—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00 using polarisation effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a LiDAR system (Light Detection And Ranging: distance determination by means of optical scanning).
  • the invention relates to a LiDAR system with a SPAD detector (Single Photon Avalanche Detector: 1 -photon avalanche effect detector).
  • Current LiDAR systems consist of a transmitting and receiving device of laser light.
  • the transmitter sends CW (Continuous Wave modulated) or pulsed, mostly infrared laser light in the transmission direction. If this light strikes a movable or stationary object, for example a moving or stationary motor vehicle or a pedestrian, it is reflected and thrown back in the direction of the receiving unit.
  • TOF Time Of Flight: according to the transit time method
  • a detector may be, for example, an Avalanche Photo Diode (APD), a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS), or an SPAD detector.
  • a SPAD detector may be so sensitive that background light in the area of the scanned object may interfere.
  • an extremely narrow band optical filter is required to reduce the backlight to an acceptable level.
  • the LiDAR system can be complicated and expensive.
  • DE 10 201 1 005 746 A1 shows a LiDAR system in which the receiving device has a plurality of pixels, each comprising a SPAD detector and whose signals can be dynamically grouped for evaluation.
  • US 2015 0 192 676 A1 proposes a LiDAR system with a SPAD detector, in which only photons are detected which originate from a predetermined geometric measuring field.
  • An object underlying the invention is to provide a SPAD-based LiDAR system with reduced sensitivity to background light.
  • the invention solves this problem by means of the subjects of the independent claims. Subclaims give preferred embodiments again.
  • a LiDAR system comprises a transmitting device for light; a receiving device for light, comprising a first and a second photon detector; and an evaluation device, which is set up to determine a time duration between the emission of light by means of the transmitting device and the arrival of the light reflected at an object at the receiving device.
  • the transmitting device is set up to emit a superposition of horizontally and vertically polarized light
  • the first photon detector is set up to detect only horizontally polarized light and the second photon detector to detect only vertically polarized light
  • the evaluation device is configured to determine the time duration on the basis of light that arrives at both photon detectors within a predetermined interval.
  • the invention is based on the finding that background light, which does not originate from the transmitting device, but is polarized by a different light source, such as the sun, with a far higher probability of horizontal (H) than vertical (V).
  • H and V polarized portions of the background light are incident usually not together in time.
  • an improved discrimination between backlight and reflected light can be realized.
  • a standard filter can be used.
  • a costly, extremely narrow band optical filter may not be required.
  • the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the sensor can be improved so that the LiDAR system can have increased range.
  • the object can thereby be located better, that is, its direction or distance can be determined with improved accuracy.
  • the optical aperture of the LiDAR system can be reduced to a point where only single photons of the emitted light actually strike the photon detectors. Dimensions of the LiDAR system can thereby be reduced.
  • Microstructuring of a semiconductor material may be improved Scanning of a plurality of closely spaced photon detectors ("macropixels") may be required, a smaller number of measurements may be required to scan the object, and an effort of determining the correspondingly reduced number of samples may also be reduced
  • the result of the determination can be faster and the technical complexity of the LiDAR system described can be manageable, since less light can be emitted, which makes it easier to ensure eye safety, among other things.
  • the transmitting device is set up in particular to emit horizontally and vertically polarized light to as equal an extent as possible. Both components are linearly polarized, so that the transmitting device can in particular emit linearly polarized light in the approximately 45 ° angle. In one embodiment, linearly polarized light is provided, which is rotated, for example, by means of a lambda half-plate in the predetermined polarization angle.
  • the transmitting device is adapted to emit coherent light.
  • the transmitting device may in particular comprise a laser light source.
  • a low-cost semiconductor laser, solid state, fiber laser or a powerful tube laser can be used.
  • the transmitting device is adapted to emit light whose horizontally polarized portion forms a quantum mechanical entanglement state with the vertically polarized portion. This can be realized, in particular, by diverting the light which is linearly polarized at an angle of approximately 45 ° from a common, coherent laser light source.
  • the photon detectors each comprise a SPAD detector.
  • the SPAD detector amplifies an incident photon avalanche-like to provide a detection signal.
  • the SPAD detector must then be attenuated or throttled (active or passive quenching). This process creates a dead time in the range of usually several tens of nanoseconds until a new measurement is possible.
  • the position of the measuring window in time can usually be controlled by means of a control terminal (gate). In this way, the predetermined interval can be synchronized at both photon detectors.
  • the distinction between light components that hit both photon detectors within the same interval, of light that is uncorrelated in time, can be hit so easily.
  • the LiDAR system comprises a polarizing beam splitter to divide incident light at the receiving device into a horizontally polarized portion and a vertically polarized portion.
  • a beam splitter can be formed from two prisms, which are similar to a pitch.
  • PBS Polarizing
  • the transmitting device emits light of a predetermined band
  • the receiving means an optical filter for Discrimination outside of the band lying light includes. This can be designed integrated with the polarizing beam splitter.
  • a method for determining a time duration between the emission of light and the arrival of the light reflected at an object comprises steps of emitting a superposition of horizontally and vertically polarized light; receiving a horizontally polarized portion of the reflected light and a vertically polarized portion of the reflected light within a predetermined interval; and determining the time duration based on the portions of the light arriving within the interval.
  • the relative simultaneity of the incoming different portions of the light can be controlled by the length of the interval.
  • the degree of reduction of the sensitivity of the method to background light can be influenced thereby.
  • a computer program product comprises program code means for carrying out the method described above when the computer program product runs on a processor or is stored on a computer-readable medium.
  • the method can, in particular, run completely or partially on the evaluation device of the LiDAR system described above.
  • the evaluation device may comprise a programmable microcomputer or microcontroller.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of a LiDAR system.
  • Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method
  • Fig. 3 is an illustration of measurements by means of the LiDAR system of Fig. 1; 4 is an illustration of measurements of a LiDAR system with multiple photon detectors.
  • the LiDAR system 100 is configured to optically determine a direction or distance of an object 105.
  • the LiDAR system 100 can be used in particular for scanning an environment of a motor vehicle.
  • the object 105 may include, for example, another road user or another vehicle.
  • a LiDAR system takes place by means of a light beam, which is pivoted and / or rotated as a function of time.
  • a so-called solid state system or a flash LiDAR system can be used. In both systems, no moving parts are used and the field of view (FOV) is illuminated as a whole.
  • FOV field of view
  • the LiDAR system 100 comprises a transmitting device 110 for emitting light and a receiving device 115 for receiving light, which in particular was previously emitted by the transmitting device 110 and reflected on the object 105.
  • the receiving device 115 preferably comprises a first photodetector 120 and a second photodetector 125.
  • the first photodetector 120 is configured to detect only horizontally polarized light
  • the second photodetector 125 is adapted to detect only vertically polarized light. It is particularly preferred that light arriving at the receiving device 1 15 is split into its horizontal and vertical components by means of a polarizing beam splitter 130 and directed to the respective photodetector 120, 125.
  • the beam splitter 130 may in particular comprise a so-called pole cube.
  • the transmitting device 110 may comprise a laser light source 135 which is adapted to emit coherent light of a predetermined wavelength band.
  • the light provided by the transmitting device 110 is preferably linearly polarized, portions of the light which are horizontally polarized and those which are vertically polarized preferably having the same size. This can result in a polarization angle of the light emitted by the transmitting device 1 10 in the direction of the object 105 of about 45 °.
  • the thus linearly polarized light is provided by rotating the coherent light provided by the light source 135 into the desired polarization plane by means of a polarizer 140.
  • An evaluation device 145 is set up to control the transmitting device 110 and the receiving device 15 to control the optical scanning process. It is controlling the provision of the light by means of
  • the evaluation device 145 is in particular configured to control the photon detectors 120, 125 to detect incident photons (components of the light incident in the receiving device 15) within a time window synchronous to both photon detectors 120, 125.
  • FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram of a method 200 for optical scanning of the object 105.
  • the method 200 can be carried out in particular in the sense of the LiDAR system 100 of FIG.
  • the method 200 may be present in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product, which may run in particular on a processing device of the evaluation device 145.
  • a step 205 horizontally and vertically polarized light is emitted, for example by means of the transmitting device 110 in the manner described above.
  • the emitted light is preferably linearly polarized, comprising a horizontally and a vertically polarized portion, which are entangled with each other, and preferably within a predetermined wavelength band.
  • the previously emitted light is optionally scattered on the object 105, so that it falls in the direction of the receiving device 15.
  • the light incident on the receiving device 15 is preferably divided into a horizontally polarized and a vertically polarized component.
  • a detection of the horizontally polarized component takes place and, in a step 225, a detection of a vertically polarized component of the light incident in the receiving device 15 within a common time window or time interval. Only then, if both horizontally polarized and vertically polarized light is detected within the same interval, it can be concluded that the incident light was originally emitted in step 205 and is not background light.
  • a determination of a property of the object 105 may be performed based on the incoming light.
  • the travel time TOF (time of flight) of the light between the transmission by the transmission device 110 and the reception by means of the reception device 115 can be determined and from this the distance of the object 105 can be derived from the LIDAR system 100.
  • the scanning range is mechanically or optically adjusted (usually cyclically), additionally or alternatively, a direction of the object 105 can be determined.
  • a first diagram 305, a second diagram 310 and a third diagram 315 each have a horizontal time axis of the same time range and a vertical signal axis.
  • the first diagram 305 represents signals of incident light of the first photodetector 120 and the second diagram 310 signals incident light of the second photodetector 125.
  • the time axis is subdivided into consecutive equal intervals 320, each interval 320 having its own time window of both photon detectors 120, 125 equivalent. For improved visibility, 320 are covered in equal intervals Signals of the two photon detectors 120, 125 shown with richer lines as signals of time uncorrelated light.
  • the signals of the photon detectors 120, 125 in each interval 320 are linked by means of a logical AND condition.
  • this results in a signal S only in such intervals 320, in which there is both a signal S1 of the first photodetector 120 and a signal of the second photodetector 125.
  • Background light which has not been emitted by the transmitting device 110 and thus is not coherent, polarized or not superimposed in the intended manner, can thereby ideally be completely discriminated.
  • the optical scanning of the object 105 can thereby be performed with improved precision.
  • the receiving device 115 shown in Fig. 1 may be limited to a single (fixed predetermined) scanning range. This is also called a zero-dimensional measurement. However, the described technique can also be used for a one- or two-dimensional arrangement of photon detectors 120, 125.
  • first photon detectors 120 and second photon detectors 125 are usually associated with each other in pairs, and the pairs of photon detectors 120, 125 are preferably in a row (linear) staggered.
  • the photon detectors 120, 125 may be stacked, for example in the vertical direction, with respect to the plane of the drawing.
  • the illustration of FIG. 4 follows in principle that of FIG. 3.
  • the signals S11, S12 and S13 relate to (vertically) offset first photon detectors 120 and the signals S21, S22 and S23 to corresponding (vertically) offset second photon detectors 125 individual signals can be combined in pairs, whereby mxn different combinations can be formed.
  • the signal S11 is linked to the signals S21, S22 and S23 by means of a logical AND operation.
  • the result of the linkage is shown in the right-hand area of FIG. 4.
  • the above-described principle can be used to be used by means of a one-dimensional arrangement of photon detectors 120, 125 and, in a corresponding further development, also of a multi-dimensional arrangement of photon detectors 120, 125.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système LiDAR comprenant un système d'envoi de lumière, un système de réception de lumière pourvu d'un premier et d'un deuxième détecteur de photons, et un système d'analyse qui est mis au point pour définir une durée entre l'envoi de lumière au moyen du système d'envoi et l'arrivée sur le système de réception de la lumière réfléchie sur un objet. Le système d'envoi est mis au point pour envoyer une superposition de lumière polarisée horizontalement et verticalement. Le premier détecteur de photons est mis au point pour détecter une lumière polarisée seulement horizontalement, tandis que le deuxième détecteur de photons est mis au point pour détecter une lumière polarisée seulement verticalement. En outre, le système d'analyse est mis au point pour définir la durée sur la base de la lumière qui arrive sur deux détecteurs de photons dans un intervalle de temps prédéfini.
EP18712567.9A 2017-03-20 2018-03-19 Système lidar à base de spad (photodiodes avalanche à photon unique) Pending EP3602124A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017204586.8A DE102017204586A1 (de) 2017-03-20 2017-03-20 SPAD-basiertes LiDAR-System
PCT/EP2018/056843 WO2018172258A1 (fr) 2017-03-20 2018-03-19 Système lidar à base de spad (photodiodes avalanche à photon unique)

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3602124A1 true EP3602124A1 (fr) 2020-02-05

Family

ID=61750117

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18712567.9A Pending EP3602124A1 (fr) 2017-03-20 2018-03-19 Système lidar à base de spad (photodiodes avalanche à photon unique)

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US11567202B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3602124A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2020511658A (fr)
CN (1) CN110446944B (fr)
DE (1) DE102017204586A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018172258A1 (fr)

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DE102017205619A1 (de) * 2017-04-03 2018-10-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh LiDAR-System und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines LiDAR-Systems
KR102547049B1 (ko) * 2021-02-05 2023-06-26 경북대학교 산학협력단 광 시야각 플래시 라이다 장치

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20200064479A1 (en) 2020-02-27
CN110446944A (zh) 2019-11-12
US11567202B2 (en) 2023-01-31
DE102017204586A1 (de) 2018-09-20
WO2018172258A1 (fr) 2018-09-27
CN110446944B (zh) 2024-04-26
JP2020511658A (ja) 2020-04-16

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