EP3600767B1 - Water-abrasive-suspension cutting system and method for water-abrasive-suspension cutting - Google Patents
Water-abrasive-suspension cutting system and method for water-abrasive-suspension cutting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3600767B1 EP3600767B1 EP17717102.2A EP17717102A EP3600767B1 EP 3600767 B1 EP3600767 B1 EP 3600767B1 EP 17717102 A EP17717102 A EP 17717102A EP 3600767 B1 EP3600767 B1 EP 3600767B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- valve
- lock chamber
- abrasive
- pump
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- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims description 90
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims description 89
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/04—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass
- B24C1/045—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass for cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
- B24C7/0007—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a liquid carrier
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
- B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
- B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
- B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
- B26F3/004—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a water-abrasive suspension cutting system with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1 and a method for water-abrasive suspension cutting.
- a system according to the preamble of claim 1 is from the document EP 1 208 944 A known, and a method for water-abrasive suspension cutting with the steps: providing water under high pressure in a high pressure line by means of a high pressure source, providing a high pressure abrasive suspension in a pressure vessel, cutting a material by means of a high pressure jet, which at least partially Contains abrasive suspension, with removal of the abrasive suspension from the pressure vessel.
- Water-abrasive suspension cutting systems are used to cut materials by means of a high-pressure water jet to which an abrasive has been added.
- Water-abrasive suspension cutting systems are to be differentiated from water-abrasive injection cutting systems, in which the abrasive is only introduced into the already very strongly accelerated water in or at an outlet nozzle.
- the high-pressure water is first mixed with the abrasive and then the water-abrasive suspension is accelerated in the outlet nozzle.
- the abrasive-water ratio can be selected to be higher and a higher cutting force can be achieved because the water is mixed with the abrasive in a controlled manner under high pressure upstream of the outlet gland without air inclusions.
- part of the water flow can be passed through an abrasive container which is designed as a pressure container.
- abrasive container which is designed as a pressure container.
- Such a system is z. B. from the EP 1 199 136 known.
- a technical challenge with these systems is the refilling of the abrasive, since the system has to be taken out of operation, the abrasive container has to be depressurized and only then can it be filled.
- continuous cutting is often desired, in which the system does not have to be taken out of operation for filling the abrasive.
- the EP 2 755 802 B1 and WO 2015/149867 A1 describe lock solutions to ensure continuous operation of the system. Due to the particularly high pressures of over 2,000 bar in some cases, the cyclical pressure and release of pressure in a lock chamber is a technical challenge. Filling the lock chamber leads to blockages and time-consuming filling cycles in the previously known systems and in the previously known methods.
- high pressure is intended to mean a pressure above 100 bar and “low pressure” a pressure below 100 bar.
- the low pressure is preferably the ambient air pressure.
- the lockable pump is preferably not exposed to high pressure and can therefore be designed in the form of a diaphragm pump for low pressure.
- the pump is as fluidly connected as possible to an area of the lock chamber in which there is less abrasive, for example an upper side area of the lock chamber, the pumped water can contain abrasive, which promotes pump wear. If the pump were exposed to high pressure, this pump wear would be many times higher.
- a pump shut-off valve is arranged between the pump and the lock chamber, which is preferably a needle valve which is preferably designed to be flushable.
- the needle valve can be shut off pneumatically via a pressure plate.
- the needle can be arranged coaxially to a high pressure inlet and opposite this in order to press sealingly on a valve seat at the high pressure inlet.
- a flushing inlet can lead to the side of the valve seat opposite a low-pressure outlet so that a flow of flushing agent can run from the flushing inlet via the valve seat to the low-pressure outlet in order to clean the valve seat and the needle tip of abrasive residues, preferably before closing the valve.
- the pump can optionally be connected on the pressure side to a refill funnel, which is fluidly connected on the output side to an input side of the filling valve.
- the refill funnel is preferably arranged above the filling valve so that abrasive can sink through the filling valve into the lock chamber with the aid of gravity.
- the pump can push, support and / or accelerate this vertical flow of abrasive by means of a negative pressure generated by it at least temporarily in the lock chamber.
- the water displaced by the abrasive and pumped out of the lock chamber by the pump can be fed back to the refill funnel via the circuit. If the refill funnel is closed at least during the filling of the lock chamber, the pump can generate a corresponding overpressure in the refill funnel with the pressure on the outlet side and thus increase the pressure difference between the refill funnel and the lock chamber, which can accelerate the flow through the fill valve.
- the pump can be fluidly connected to an upper area of the lock chamber on the suction side in a lockable manner in order to convey only clear water without abrasives if possible.
- a filter or separator can also be provided in order to minimize the load on the pump with abrasives. Since the abrasive flowing into the lock chamber settles in the form of a cone in the lower area up to a certain filling level, a connection to the pump is preferably arranged laterally at the top, where there is as little abrasive as possible. It can Baffles or baffle plates can be provided in the lock chamber in order to avoid suction of abrasive to the pump as far as possible.
- the pump can be a membrane pump, which only needs to be designed for operation in low pressure.
- the lock chamber can optionally be pressure-relieved via a pressure relief valve in the form of a flushable needle valve. Similar to the pump shut-off valve, the pressure relief valve wears less and closes better if it is designed to be flushable. In contrast to the pump shut-off valve, however, the pressure relief valve must open while there is high pressure at a high pressure inlet of the valve. It is therefore advantageous if the pressure relief valve has a check valve at a flushing inlet so that the high pressure cannot discharge into the flushing inlet, but only into a low-pressure outlet, which can be fluidly connected to an outlet.
- the pump can be shut off from the lock chamber using a pump shut-off valve in the form of a needle valve.
- a pump shut-off valve in the form of a needle valve.
- the valve wear and the tightness of the valve can be improved by a further step of flushing this pump shut-off valve, which preferably takes place shortly before the shut-off when the valve is open.
- the filling, blocking, printing and refilling can take place one after the other and cyclically during the continuous cutting.
- the pressure in the lock chamber is relieved from high pressure to low pressure. This is preferably done via a pressure relief valve in the form of a flushable needle valve in a drain.
- a water-abrasive suspension cutting system is provided with a high pressure source for providing water under high pressure, a high pressure line connected to the high pressure source, a pressure vessel for providing a pressurized water Abrasive medium suspension, a lock chamber with a pressure inlet, and a filling valve for refilling abrasive via the lock chamber into the pressure vessel.
- the system also has a pressure accumulator, which is connected to the pressure inlet of the lock chamber in such a way that it can be shut off, the pressure accumulator being designed to discharge pressure into the lock chamber.
- the energy required to pressurize the lock chamber can, for example, be taken from the pressurized lock chamber while the pressureless lock chamber is being filled with abrasive or water-abrasive suspension and / or the pressure vessel is refilled by loading the pressure accumulator relatively slowly using a throttle in the high-pressure line.
- the amplitude of the pressure drop in the high pressure line can thus be reduced to a level at which the cutting performance remains essentially unaffected.
- Printing on the lock chamber does not have to be done completely by unloading the pressure from the pressure accumulator, but can only contribute 40% or 50% to the printing by means of an initial pressure pulse from the pressure accumulator into the lock chamber, for example.
- the rest of the printing can be carried out at the same time or at different times via the high pressure line.
- the pressure accumulator can have a pressure accumulator unit or a plurality of pressure accumulator units which are connected in parallel or in series.
- the pressure accumulator can be connected to the high pressure line via at least one throttle and can be pressurized via the at least one throttle.
- the pressure loading can follow directly after the printing of the lock chamber or it can take place with a time delay.
- a shut-off valve can be provided to shut off the pressure accumulator after the pressure has been discharged so that the lock chamber can initially experience residual pressure from the high-pressure line without loading the high-pressure line at the same time as pressure loading the pressure accumulator. This further reduces the amplitude of the pressure drop in the high pressure line.
- the printing inlet can be arranged in a lower area of the lock chamber.
- the printing inlet is below the abrasive level when the lock chamber is filled with abrasive.
- a pressure surge introduced through the pressure input which is preferably generated by the pressure discharge of the pressure accumulator, can thus loosen and stir up any abrasive agent located in the lock chamber. Subsequent refilling of the pressure vessel from the lock chamber with abrasive occurs faster after such loosening or whirling up.
- the pressure input can be connected to the high-pressure line in a shut-off manner via at least one throttle.
- the lock chamber can be at least partially pressurized via the high pressure line in order not to have to design the pressure accumulator too large or with too many pressure accumulator units.
- a pressure drop in the high-pressure line can indeed be tolerated without the cutting performance being significantly impaired.
- the extraction of energy from the high-pressure line is slowed down via the at least one throttle and it is ensured that the amplitude of the pressure drop does not exceed a certain level.
- a balance of interests is preferably made between the speed of the printing and the maximum pressure drop in the high-pressure line, whereby it has been found that it is advantageous to generate about 40% of the pressure in the lock chamber quickly from the pressure discharge of the pressure accumulator and the rest slowly from the high pressure line.
- the printing process to the full printing height in the lock chamber can then take, for example, 5 to 10 seconds.
- the lock chamber can be printed during a first time window by depressurizing the pressure accumulator and during a second time window via at least one throttle from the High-pressure line, wherein the first and the second time window at least partially overlap.
- Both time windows preferably begin at the same time, in that a first shut-off valve is opened downstream from the pressure accumulator and from the high-pressure line and upstream from the pressure inlet. Downstream of the at least one throttle, the high pressure line and an outlet of the pressure accumulator can be brought together, so that both the pressure accumulator and the high pressure line can pressurize the lock chamber when the first shut-off valve is open. Because of the upstream throttle, however, the first time window is significantly shorter than the second time window. A pressure pulse for loosening the abrasive can thus be introduced into the lock chamber through the pressure discharge of the pressure accumulator, without generating a pressure drop in the high-pressure line which adversely affects the cutting performance.
- a second shut-off valve can be arranged between an outlet of the pressure accumulator and the high-pressure line downstream of the at least one throttle.
- the pressure loading of the pressure accumulator can be delayed after a pressure discharge process in order not to load the high-pressure line during the rest of the pressure on the lock chamber.
- the pressure loading of the pressure accumulator could begin immediately at a reversal point at which a loading pressure just exceeds the unloading pressure.
- the pressure accumulator can optionally be a spring accumulator or a bladder accumulator.
- the method can have a further step of pressure loading the pressure accumulator via at least one throttle from the high pressure line.
- An additional high pressure source can thus be dispensed with.
- the method can include at least partial printing of the lock chamber via at least one throttle from the high-pressure line.
- This step can at least partially overlap with the step of at least partially printing the lock chamber by depressurizing the pressure accumulator, and preferably begin at the same time as this, but preferably end later than this.
- the pressure accumulator can thus be designed to be smaller or with fewer pressure accumulator units than if the entire pressure of the lock chamber were fed from the pressure accumulator.
- the lock chamber can be printed by unloading the pressure of the accumulator and / or at least partially printing the lock chamber via at least one throttle from the High-pressure line take place in such a way that abrasive material located in the lock chamber is loosened by a pressure surge.
- the subsequent step of refilling the pressure vessel with abrasive from the lock chamber can take place more quickly.
- the lock chamber can be printed by unloading the pressure of the pressure accumulator and / or the lock chamber can be printed from the high pressure line into a lower area of the lock chamber. Since the abrasive sinks into the lower area of the lock chamber due to gravity, this ensures that the abrasive is loosened by a pressure surge. In addition, the risk of clumping is greatest in the preferably narrowed lower area of the lock chamber, which leads to the refill valve preferably arranged below.
- the lock chamber can be printed by unloading a pressure accumulator during a first time window and the lock chamber can be printed from the high-pressure line during a second time window, the first and second time windows at least partially overlapping.
- the lock chamber can be shut off from the pressure accumulator and / or the at least one high-pressure line during filling and refilling. This time can be used in particular for pressure loading the pressure accumulator.
- the pressure accumulator can be pressure-loaded via at least one throttle at least so quickly that the pressure accumulator is pressure-loaded again before the next printing step, and at least so slowly that the amplitude of the pressure drop in the high-pressure line caused by the pressure loading does not significantly impair the cutting performance.
- energy can optionally be stored in the pressure accumulator via spring or fluid compression.
- filling, printing and refilling can run cyclically while cutting can be carried out continuously.
- the pressure accumulator can first be shut off by depressurizing the pressure accumulator from the high pressure line, the pressure accumulator from the high pressure line only being pressurized again when the lock chamber has been at least partially pressurized via at least one throttle from the high pressure line.
- the water-abrasive-suspension cutting system 1 shown has a high-pressure source 3 which provides water in a high-pressure line 5 at a high pressure po of approximately 1,500 to 4,000 bar.
- the high pressure line 5 is connected to an outlet nozzle 7, from which the high pressure water emerges in a jet 9 at a very high speed. So that the jet 9 can be used effectively as a cutting jet for cutting material, the high-pressure line 5 is branched in such a way that at least part of the flow through the high-pressure line 5 is guided through a pressure vessel 11 in which a water-abrasive suspension 13 is located .
- the supply of the water-abrasive agent suspension 13 to the outlet nozzle can be switched on and off via a shut-off valve 15.
- the proportion of the water / abrasive agent suspension 13 in the jet 9 can be adjusted via a throttle 17 by throttling the flow rate in the secondary branch of the high pressure line 5 that is guided through the pressure vessel 11.
- the throttle 17 can be configured statically, for example in the form of a perforated diaphragm, or adjustable or controllable.
- the throttle 17 is preferably adjustable, so that the throttle 17 can, if necessary, also completely shut off the flow into the pressure vessel 11, so that the shut-off valve 15 can be dispensed with.
- the throttle 17 is preferably controllable, with a signal characteristic of the abrasive agent withdrawal flow coming from a sensor or an available operating parameter can be obtained, is used as a control variable for regulating the opening of the throttle 17 (see Figures 7a-c ).
- a refill valve 19 in the form of a ball valve is arranged above the pressure vessel 11.
- the refill valve 19 connects a lock chamber 21 arranged above the refill valve 19 to the pressure vessel 11.
- a filling valve 23 is in turn arranged above the lock chamber 21, which connects a refill funnel 25 arranged above the lock chamber 21 to the lock chamber 21.
- the filling valve 23 can be designed essentially identically to the refilling valve 19 in the form of a ball valve.
- the refill funnel 25 is not under pressure, so that dry, moist or wet abrasive or a water-abrasive suspension can be filled in from above (see Figures 8-12 ). This can at least partially be an abrasive recycled from the cutting jet 9, which is transported via a conveying device (see Figures 8-12 ) can be filled into the refill funnel 25 from above in dry, wet, frozen, pelleted or suspended form.
- the lock chamber 21 can be temporarily depressurized. For example, a pressure in the lock chamber 21 can be released into an outlet 29 via a pressure release valve 27 in the form of a needle valve.
- the filling valve 23 can be opened so that abrasive material falls from the refill funnel 25 into the lock chamber 21.
- This gravity-related filling of the lock chamber 21 with abrasive can be supported and accelerated by a pump 31.
- the pump 31 can be connected to the suction side Lock chamber 21 and on the pressure side with the refill funnel 25. The pump 31 can thus suck abrasives into the lock chamber 21. This is particularly useful when the abrasive becomes clogged in the tapered lower area of the refill funnel 25 or at the fill valve 23.
- the pump 31 does not have to be designed for high pressure, it is advantageous if the pump 31 can be shut off from the lock chamber 21 by means of a pump shut-off valve 33 in the form of a needle valve.
- the pump shut-off valve 33 can be designed to be flushable in order to flush the valve seat and the valve body, for example in the form of a valve needle, free of abrasive (see FIG Figures 19a-b ). This ensures, on the one hand, that the pump shut-off valve 33 closes tightly and reduces material wear in the valve.
- the pump 31 can be largely protected from abrasives by means of an upstream filter and / or separator (both not shown).
- the pump shut-off valve 33 is only opened when the lock chamber 21 is already depressurized. Therefore, for the pump shut-off valve 33, a first embodiment of the needle valve according to FIG Figure 19a can be used in which a side flush inlet and an opposing side flush outlet are provided.
- the second embodiment of the needle valve is shown in FIG Figure 19b more advantageous in which a check valve is provided at the flushing inlet. Since the pressure release valve 27 is opened at high pressure, the check valve prevents pressure release in the direction of the flushing inlet.
- the flush outlet can open into the outlet 29, so that both the pressure release and the flushing agent outlet take place exclusively towards the outlet 29 and not towards the flush inlet.
- the lock chamber 21 has a printing input 35 in a lower area, via which the lock chamber 21 can be printed.
- the printing input 35 is in the exemplary embodiment Fig. 1 Can be shut off via a pressure valve 37 in the form of a needle valve to a pressure accumulator 39 and connected to the high pressure line 5 via throttles 41, 42.
- the pressure accumulator 39 has two pressure accumulator units in the form of spring accumulators, which are connected in parallel to the inlet of the pressure valve 37.
- the pressure accumulator 39 is connected to the high pressure line 5 via the throttle 41.
- the throttles 41, 42 can be configured statically, for example in the form of perforated diaphragms, or adjustable or controllable. If the throttles 41, 42 are adjustable up to a degree at which the connection between the high pressure line 5 and the printing inlet 35 can be completely shut off, the printing valve 37 can possibly be dispensed with.
- the pressure accumulator 39 is fully pressurized before the lock chamber 21 is printed. As soon as the pressure valve 37 is opened, the pressure accumulator 39 is pressure released into the lock chamber 21 and thus quickly prints it to about 40% of the high pressure po that is provided in the high pressure line 5 as a nominal high pressure from the high pressure source 3.
- the pressure accumulator 39 is immediately reloaded from the moment in which it has been depressurized.
- the high pressure line 5 prints both the lock chamber 21 with the residual pressure and the pressure accumulator 39. This is particularly advantageous when the pressure loading of the pressure accumulator 39 is so time-consuming that the refill passage rate depends on the pressure loading time of the pressure accumulator 39.
- the pressure accumulator 39 can be shut off with a pressure accumulator valve 43 in the form of a needle valve.
- the pressure accumulator valve 43 can be shut off in order not to additionally load the high pressure line 5 with the pressure loading of the pressure accumulator 39 during the pressure on the lock chamber 21.
- Such a load could cause a pressure drop in the high pressure line 5, which could have a negative influence on the cutting performance at the outlet nozzle 7. It is therefore advantageous not to open the pressure accumulator valve 43 until the lock chamber 21 is completely pressurized and the pressure valve 37 is closed so that the pressure accumulator 39 can be pressurized from the high pressure line 5 via the throttle 41.
- the pressure loading of the pressure accumulator 39 is not so time-consuming that the refill passage rate depends on the pressure loading time of the pressure accumulator 39.
- the filling of the lock chamber 21 and the refilling of the pressure vessel 11 can usually take longer than the pressure loading of the pressure accumulator 39.
- the throttle 41 can be set so that the printing of the pressure accumulator 39 is as slow as possible, but fast enough so that before the next passage for printing on the lock chamber 21, the pressure accumulator 39 is completely pressurized.
- the pressure accumulator 39 is completely dispensed with and the lock chamber 21 is exclusively printed via the throttle 41 from the high-pressure line 5.
- the high pressure source 3 can react so quickly to an initial pressure drop, for example via a servo pump control, and can adjust the pump output accordingly quickly, so that there is no large amplitude of a pressure drop in the first place.
- An initial pressure drop can be communicated to the high pressure source 3 via pressure sensors, so that the high pressure source 3 can quickly counteract a further pressure drop with an increase in output or an increase in speed.
- the initial pressure drop can already be mitigated via the throttle 41, so that at no point in time does a pressure drop occur that would significantly impair the cutting performance.
- a conveying aid 45 for example in the form of a pump, is preferably provided, which is connected to the pressure vessel 11 on the suction side and to the lock chamber 21 on the pressure side.
- the conveying aid 45 supports or generates the flow of abrasive medium from the lock chamber 21 down into the pressure vessel 11. It can prevent or loosen blockages of abrasive medium and accelerate the refilling process which is caused or supported by gravity.
- the delivery aid 45 on the pressure vessel 11 works with water at the nominal high pressure po.
- a conveying aid shut-off valve 47 is between the Conveying aid 45 and the lock chamber 21, the conveying aid shut-off valve 47 in the form of a needle valve being able to shut off the pump 47 from the lock chamber 21 if the lock chamber 21 is not or not completely printed.
- the conveying aid shut-off valve 47 is preferably a flushable needle valve according to FIG Figure 19b with a check valve at the flush inlet, as it is actuated under high pressure.
- Figures 6a-c show various alternative embodiments for the conveying aid 45.
- the conveying aid 45 can, for example, have an impeller driven from the outside via a shaft (see FIG Figure 6a ) or an inductively driven impeller (see Figure 6b ).
- the delivery aid 45 can also support the refilling of abrasive into the pressure vessel 11 via a piston stroke (see FIG Figure 6c ).
- the delivery aid 45 can pump or deliver continuously or limited in time or pulsed. It may be sufficient if the flow of abrasive into the pressure vessel 11 is only supported initially and then continues to run quickly enough with the aid of gravity alone. As an alternative or in addition, the flow of abrasive into the pressure vessel 11 can be supported or generated continuously.
- the refill valve 19 In addition to an upper valve inlet 49 and a lower valve outlet 51, the refill valve 19 also has a lateral pressure inlet 53.
- a valve chamber in which a movable valve body is located can be printed via the pressure inlet 53. Without pressure on the valve chamber, when the system is started up, the very high pressures on the valve inlet 49 and the valve outlet 51 press the valve body so strongly into the valve seat that the valve body can no longer be moved.
- a pressure equalization can be established in the refill valve 19 via the lateral pressure inlet 53, so that the valve body is movable after being put into operation.
- a flush for the refill valve 19 is provided.
- a flushing source 55 can be connected to the pressure inlet 53 such that it can be shut off (see FIG Fig. 4 ).
- Three flushing valves 57, 59, 61 are preferably provided to enable flushing to be switched on and off or to be disconnected from the high pressure.
- a first flushing valve 57 in the form of a needle valve is arranged between the delivery aid 45 and the pressure inlet 53.
- a second flush valve 59 also referred to here as a flush outlet valve 59, is arranged in the form of a needle valve between a lateral flush outlet 63 and an outlet 65.
- a third flush valve 61 in the form of a needle valve is arranged between the flush source 55 and the pressure inlet 53.
- the refill valve 19 is preferably closed.
- the first flushing valve 57 is also closed so that pressure can be released from the pressure inlet 53 without releasing the pressure on the delivery aid 45.
- the second flush valve 59 is opened towards the outlet 65 so that any high pressure that may exist can be drained from the valve chamber. If the third flushing valve 61 is now opened, then water or a water-flushing agent mixture flows through the valve chamber to the outlet 65 and thus flushes it free of abrasive residues.
- the flushing of the refill valve 19 is preferably carried out as a service procedure when the system 1 is completely depressurized in order to be able to completely flush out the valve chamber and, if necessary, to be able to move the valve body.
- a flushing inlet 66 is provided separately from the pressure inlet 53 (see also Figures 15a-b and 17a-b ).
- the pressure inlet 53 can be arranged coaxially to a servomotor shaft 86 and opposite this, wherein the flushing inlet 66 and the Flush outlet 63 can be arranged transversely to the servomotor shaft 86 coaxially to one another and on opposite sides.
- the flushing is ended again by closing the three flushing valves 57, 59, 61 in the reverse order, i.e. the third flushing valve 61 is initially closed so that the flushing flow is stopped.
- the second flush valve 59 is then closed in order to close off the valve space from the outlet 65.
- the first flush valve 57 can be opened so that the valve chamber is pressurized with high pressure.
- Printing on the valve chamber is advantageous because a valve body in the refill valve 19 can be pressed so hard into a valve seat by the high pressure difference between the valve outlet 51 or valve inlet 49 and the valve chamber that it can no longer be moved.
- the pressure on the valve chamber creates a pressure compensation so that the valve body in the refill valve 19 remains movable.
- a branch of the high pressure line 5 is led through the pressure vessel 11 filled with abrasive suspension 13.
- An extraction point 68 located in the lower region of the pressure vessel 11 is connected to the outlet nozzle 7 via an abrasive line 70, and a branch of the high pressure line 5 is led into an upper region of the pressure vessel 11 via a control valve or adjustable throttle 17.
- the abrasive line is brought together again with the high pressure line 5 in front of the outlet nozzle 7 so that the cutting jet contains, for example, abrasive suspension and water in a mixing ratio of 1: 9.
- the mixing ratio can be regulated via the throttle or control valve 17 connected to the pressure vessel 11 on the inlet side.
- the control valve 17 When the control valve 17 is in the maximum open position, the abrasive agent withdrawal flow and the mixing ratio are maximum maximum.
- the minimum open or closed position see Fig. 7b or 7c ) of the control valve 17, the abrasive removal flow is minimal or zero and the mixing ratio is correspondingly low or the cutting jet 9 then contains only water.
- a certain mixing ratio can be optimal for cutting certain materials, workpieces or workpiece sections, in which only as much abrasive as necessary is removed to achieve the cutting performance.
- the cutting performance can be adjusted via the mixing ratio during cutting.
- the refilling of the pressure vessel 11 with abrasive can be controlled according to the abrasive removal flow so that there is always enough abrasive suspension 13 in the pressure vessel 11 for continuous cutting.
- four different levels of abrasive in the pressure vessel 11 are indicated by dashed cones.
- Two further fill level cones F 1 and F 2 are shown between a maximum fill level cone F max and a minimum fill level cone F min , where F max > F 1 > F 2 > F min . It should be pointed out again at this point that the entire system 1 and in particular the pressure vessel 11 are completely free of air. This means that the level cones are in highly pressurized water.
- the maximum fill level cone F max is defined by the fact that if the pressure vessel 11 is further refilled with abrasive, a back pressure into the refill valve 19 would result.
- the minimum fill level cone F min is defined by the fact that, with further abrasive removal, the abrasive content of the abrasive suspension in the abrasive line 70 on the outlet side would decrease.
- level sensors 72, 74, 76 can be arranged on the pressure vessel 11 in order to signal that a level cone has been reached.
- the filling level sensors 72, 74, 76 can be, for example, ultrasonic sensors, optical sensors or barriers, electromagnetic sensors or sensors of another type.
- the level sensors 72, 74, 76 are ultrasonic sensors which can signal that a level cone has been reached via a change in the structure-borne noise.
- An upper fill level sensor 72 can, for example, signal that the fill level cone F 1 has been reached and start a timer or define a point in time t 1 .
- a lower filling level sensor 74 can, for example, signal that the filling level cone F 2 has been reached and stop a timer after ⁇ t or define a point in time t 2 .
- an average abrasive agent withdrawal flow can be determined as ⁇ V / ⁇ t or ⁇ V / (t 2 -t 1 ).
- the third lowermost filling level sensor 76 can signal the minimum filling level cone F min and immediately shut off the shut-off valve 15 in order to prevent the pressure vessel 11 from being sucked empty.
- FIG. 7b Other operating parameters such as the pump speed of the high pressure source 3 can also be used as a control variable for the control valve 17 to determine the abrasive agent withdrawal flow and its control.
- the abrasive flow or the mixing ratio can also be determined by means of a corresponding sensor 79 on the abrasive line 70 or in front of the outlet nozzle 7 and used as a control variable for the control valve 17.
- the fill level sensors 72, 74 can also be used to control or clock the refill cycles.
- a filling of the lock chamber 21 can fit above the upper filling level sensor 72 between the filling level cone F 1 and the maximum filling level cone F max . If the filling level cone falls below F 1 , the upper filling level sensor 72 can trigger a filling of the lock chamber 21 so that it is completely filled when the lower level sensor 74 signals the level cone F 2 and can thus trigger refilling from the filled lock chamber 21 into the pressure vessel 11. This prevents the fill level cone from dropping to the minimum fill level cone F min .
- At least one filling of the lock chamber 21 can also fit as a buffer between the minimum filling level cone F min and the filling level cone F 2 .
- the lock chamber 21 can automatically be filled again immediately as soon as the refilling of the pressure vessel 11 has ended. Refilling from the lock chamber 21 then only needs to be triggered at the filling level cone F 2 .
- the vertical distance between the upper level sensor 72 and the lower level sensor 74 can be selected to be relatively short, for example so short that a drop between F 1 and F 2 takes less than a filling process of the lock chamber 21. With a shorter vertical distance, the average abrasive removal flow ⁇ V / ⁇ t or ⁇ V / (t 2 -t 1 ) can be determined more frequently and thus more accurately reflect the current abrasive agent withdrawal flow dV / dt.
- Figures 8 to 12 show various possibilities of adding abrasives in dry, wet, moist, suspended, frozen, pelletized or other form into the refill funnel 25 or directly into the filling valve 23.
- a pre-loading container 78 is provided, from which abrasive suspension is conveyed into the refill funnel 25 by means of a pump 80.
- water can run off via an overflow 82 on the refill funnel, which water is displaced by the sinking abrasive.
- a pre-loading container 78 is provided, from which dry powdery or moist lumpy abrasive is conveyed into the refill funnel 25 by means of a screw conveyor 84 and / or a conveyor belt 85.
- a screw conveyor 84 and / or a conveyor belt 85 Via the overflow 82 on the refill funnel 25 can also here, when the refill funnel is loaded, water runs off, which is displaced by the sinking abrasive.
- the abrasive can for example be recovered from the waste water of the cutting jet 9 after a cutting process and processed so that it can be used for a further cutting process.
- the advantage of this system compared to known water-abrasive injection cutting systems is that such a recycled abrasive does not have to be dried and can be filled into the system in a moist, lumpy or any form.
- Fig. 10 no overflow 82 is provided, but a circuit between the refill funnel 25 and the pre-loading container 78, the pump 80 on the output side of the refill funnel 25 driving the circuit for filling the refill funnel 25 with abrasive.
- the refill funnel 25 is preferably closed in this case, so that the pump 80 can suck abrasive medium suspension from the pre-loading container 78.
- the pump 80 conveys relatively clean water and not a saturated abrasive suspension as in FIG Fig. 8 . This reduces wear in the pump 80.
- sucking in the abrasive suspension is less prone to clogging than pressing it.
- a screw conveyor 84 can also be arranged on the inlet side to the refill funnel 25 in order to convey abrasives into the refill funnel 25. This is particularly advantageous if there is no abrasive suspension in the pre-loading container 78, but abrasive as a dry powder or in a moist, lumpy form.
- the refill funnel 25 can even be dispensed with entirely (see FIG Fig. 12 ), if the conveying via a screw conveyor 84 or a pump 80 takes place quickly enough and in a controlled manner directly into the filling valve 23.
- the water displaced by the abrasive when the lock chamber 21 is filled can be returned from the lock chamber 21 to the refill funnel 25 via the pump shut-off valve 33 will.
- This can also according to the claimed invention with a pump 31 according to FIG Figs. 1 to 5 be supported in order to additionally actively suck abrasives into the lock chamber 21.
- Fig. 13 illustrates the procedural steps over time.
- a first step 301 water is provided under high pressure in the high pressure line 5 by means of the high pressure source 3.
- a pressurized abrasive suspension is then also provided 303 in the pressure vessel 11.
- a workpiece can then be cut 305 by means of the high-pressure jet 9, which at least partially contains the abrasive suspension, while removing the abrasive suspension from the pressure vessel 11.
- Steps 307 to 311 are used for the portioned and cyclical refilling of the pressure vessel 11 with abrasive during the continuous cutting 305.
- the unpressurized lock chamber 21 is filled 307 with abrasive or an abrasive suspension.
- the conveying aid 45 is shut off from the unpressurized lock chamber 21 by the conveying aid shut-off valve 47.
- the pump 31 is then shut off 308 from the lock chamber 21.
- the lock chamber is then at least partially imprinted 309 by unloading the pressure accumulator 39, and finally the pressure vessel 11 is refilled 311 with abrasive or an abrasive suspension via the refill valve 19 from the printed lock chamber 21 311, the conveying aid 45 is fluidly connected to the printed lock chamber 21 via the opened conveying aid shut-off valve 47.
- the conveying aid shut-off valve 47 and the pressure valve 37 and the refill valve 19 are shut off in order to Lock chamber 21 to be able to relieve pressure via the pressure relief valve 27 in the drain 29 for the next filling step.
- the pressure accumulator can be pressurized 313 via the throttle 41 from the high pressure line 5.
- the lock chamber 21 can at least partially over the throttle 41 can be printed 315 from the high pressure line 5. This slow throttled printing 315 from the high pressure line 5 can last longer than the fast printing 309 by unloading the pressure of the pressure accumulator 39.
- the printing 309 of the lock chamber 21 can be done by unloading the pressure of a pressure accumulator 39 during a first time window A and the printing 315 of the lock chamber 21 of the high-pressure line 5 take place during a second time window B, the first time window A and the second time window B at least partially overlapping, preferably at their beginning.
- the printing 309 on the lock chamber 21 by unloading the pressure accumulator can take place so quickly that the abrasive agent located in the lock chamber 21 is loosened by a pressure surge.
- the lock chamber is printed 309 by unloading pressure from the accumulator 39, preferably in a lower area of the lock chamber 21, since any blockages of abrasive are more likely in a lower area than in an upper area.
- the pressure inlet 35 of the lock chamber 21 is blocked from the pressure accumulator 39 and / or the high pressure line 5 during the filling 307 and the refilling 311.
- the pressure loading 313 of the pressure accumulator 39 can thus take place during the filling 307 and / or of refilling 311 take place.
- energy can be stored in the pressure accumulator 39 via spring or fluid compression, which can be designed, for example, as a spring or bladder accumulator.
- Filling 307, printing 309 and refilling 311 can take place cyclically while cutting 305 can be carried out continuously.
- pressure accumulator 39 can initially be shut off by pressure accumulator 39 from high pressure line 5 by means of pressure accumulator valve 43.
- the pressure accumulator valve 43 can preferably only be opened again to charge the pressure accumulator 39 with pressure when the lock chamber 21 has been pressurized from the high pressure line 5 via the throttle 41.
- Fig. 14 illustrates an exemplary curve of the pressure p over time t in the lock chamber 21 (above), in the pressure accumulator 39 (in the middle) and in the high-pressure line 5 (below).
- the pressure in the unprinted lock chamber 21 is initially the ambient pressure, which here is on the zero line.
- the lock chamber 21 can be filled 307 in this unprinted phase before the start of printing 309 at time to.
- the printing 309, 315 begins at time to.
- the lock chamber 21 is now pressurized 309 to up to 40% of the nominal high pressure po from the pressure discharge of the pressure accumulator 39.
- the pressure accumulator 39 is then discharged to a minimum at t 1 and is then via the pressure accumulator valve 43 according to the second embodiment in FIG Fig. 2 locked.
- the lock chamber 21, however, slowly becomes longer within the second Time window B t 2 -t 0 further printed 315 from the high-pressure line 5 via the throttle 41 until the nominal high pressure po is reached at t 2 .
- the printing 309, 315 of the lock chamber 21 can take 5 to 10 seconds.
- the refilling 311 can begin and the pressure vessel 39 can be pressurized 313 again at the same time.
- the lock chamber 21 is completely pressurized from the high pressure line 5 via the throttle 41 over the time window B.
- the refill valve 19 is open between t 2 and t 3 so that abrasive agent can flow into the pressure vessel 11.
- the abrasive has completely flowed out of the lock chamber 21 into the pressure vessel 11 and the refilling step 311 is completed.
- the pressure from the lock chamber 21 can be released relatively quickly via the pressure release valve 27 into the outlet 29 until low pressure prevails again in the lock chamber 21 at t 4 .
- a new refilling cycle can then start, beginning with the filling 307 of the lock chamber 21.
- the pressure accumulator 39 is preferably repressurized from the high pressure line 5 as slowly and throttled as possible from t 2 in order to be fully pressurized again at t 0 for the printing 309.
- the lower graph shows the pressure drop in the high pressure line 5 when the pressure valve 37 opens at t 0 or the pressure accumulator valve 43 opens at t 2 .
- the amplitude of the pressure drop is in each case reduced via the throttle 41 to a level at which the cutting performance of the cutting jet 9 is not significantly impaired.
- FIGs 15a and 15b the refill valve 19 is shown in cross section in more detail in different opening positions. Since the refill valve 19 has to be actuated under high pressure on the valve inlet 49 and the valve outlet 51, the trouble-free actuation of the refill valve 19 is a technical challenge. The reliable one Opening and closing of the refill valve 19 is now ensured by four sub-aspects, each of which alone or in any combination of two, three or all four sub-aspects contribute to ensuring that the refill valve 19 is not clogged or blocked by the abrasive.
- the refill valve 19 which is preferably designed as a ball valve, has a vertical flow direction D from top to bottom and has a centrally arranged valve body 67 with spherical outer surfaces that can be rotated about an axis of rotation R perpendicular to the flow direction D.
- the valve body 67 has a central opening 69, which in the in Figures 15a and 15b The opening positions shown run parallel to the flow direction D and perpendicular to the axis of rotation R.
- the first open position according to Figure 15a differs from the second open position according to Figure 15b in that the valve body 67 is rotated by 180 ° with respect to the axis of rotation R.
- the valve body 67 sits in a valve chamber 71 between an upper valve seat 73 and a lower valve seat 75.
- the upper valve seat 73 forms the valve inlet 49 and the lower valve seat 75 forms the valve outlet 51.
- the upper valve seat 73 and the lower valve seat 75 are coaxial with one another and with the vertical flow direction D arranged.
- the valve chamber 71 can be flushed through via the lateral flushing inlet 66 and via the flushing outlet 63 diametrically opposite the flushing inlet 66, preferably when the refill valve 19 is completely pressureless.
- the refill valve 19 is capable of a first closed position ( Figure 16a ), a first open position ( Figure 15a ) and a second open position ( Figure 15b ), whereby in the first closed position ( Figure 16a ) the lock chamber 21 is fluid-separated from the pressure vessel 11 and in the first and second open position ( Figures 15a-b ) the lock chamber 21 with the pressure vessel 11 is fluidly connected.
- the first open position and the second open position are essentially hardly distinguishable due to the symmetry of the valve body 67.
- the valve body 67 can be rotated as far as desired in one direction about the axis of rotation R, so that a reversal of the direction of rotation is in principle not necessary and the valve body 67 can only be actuated in one direction of rotation, provided that the torque required for this does not exceed a certain threshold value.
- the first closed position off Figure 16a is here at 90 ° between the first open position and the second open position. In this case there is also a second closed position (see Figure 16b ), which is rotated 180 ° around the axis of rotation R compared to the first closed position.
- the opening 69 runs in the in Figures 16a and 16b
- the closed positions shown are both perpendicular to the flow direction D and perpendicular to the axis of rotation R, so that the valve body 67 seals the valve inlet 49 on the upper valve seat 73 and the valve outlet 51 on the lower valve seat 75.
- the optional flush inlet 66 and flush outlet 63 are not shown here, but can be provided be.
- valve body 67 can be moved in the other direction of movement and the valve 19 can be brought into the other open / closed position.
- the inversion can resolve the blockage or blockage so that the next time you press the button, the previously blocked direction of movement is free again.
- the refill valve 19 can also be shaken free by turning it back and forth several times, for example if the valve body 67 is difficult to operate in both directions of movement.
- the valve chamber 71 can be printed on when the valve body 67 is in a closed position.
- Figures 17a-b shows the valve chamber 71 for this purpose the pressure inlet 53 via which the valve chamber 71 can be pressurized when the valve body 67 is in a closed position.
- the pressure inlet 53 is arranged here in the yz plane coaxially to a servomotor shaft 86 opposite the latter.
- the pressure inlet 53 can also lie in the xz plane perpendicular thereto and, if necessary, can be used as a rinsing inlet 66 as required.
- the valve body 67 is rotated about the axis of rotation R via the servomotor shaft 86.
- valve chamber 71 When the initially pressureless system 1 is started up or started up again, the valve chamber 71 is initially pressureless. If the pressure vessel 11 and the lock chamber 21 are then pressurized to about 2,000 bar, the valve body 67 can be clamped by the valve seats 73, 75 due to the high pressure on the inlet and outlet side with simultaneous low pressure in the valve chamber 71 and can only be moved with difficulty or not at all. By means of the pressure inlet 53, the pressure difference between the valve chamber 71 and the valve inlet 49 or the valve outlet 51 can be largely reduced during start-up, so that the valve body 67 is not pinched by the high pressure.
- the upper valve seat 73 according to the fourth sub-aspect is shown adjustable via an adjusting device.
- the upper valve seat 73 can be positioned via an external thread by rotating about the flow direction D in the z-direction. The rotation can be carried out manually or by means of a motor-driven lever 88 which engages in engagement surfaces 77 from the outside.
- the valve chamber is such as, for example, in FIG Figures 15a-b shown flushable.
- the refill valve has the flushing inlet 66 and the flushing outlet 63, via which the valve chamber 71 can be flushed.
- the pressure inlet 53 can optionally serve as a flushing inlet 66. This is particularly advantageous in combination with the second sub-aspect of a pressure inlet 53, since a flushing cycle can be carried out with a depressurized valve chamber 71 or completely depressurized system 1 and then, when the system 1 is restarted, the valve chamber 71 is re-printed via the pressure inlet 53 can be so that the valve body 67 is not pinched by high pressure.
- the refill valve has the inlet-side upper valve seat 73 and the outlet-side lower valve seat 75, at least one of the valve seats 73, 75 being adjustable so that the distance between the valve seats 73, 75 can be adjusted.
- the refill valve 19 can be optimally adjusted, on the one hand to be tight and on the other hand not to block. It can be advantageous to readjust the distance between the valve seats 73, 75 when the system is put into operation, in the event of temperature fluctuations, a stubborn blockage due to abrasives and / or material wear.
- a tool opening 90 can be provided through which a tool in the form of a lever 88 can grip in order to adjust the at least one adjustable valve seat 73.
- the valve seat 73 is preferably set in a service procedure when the system 1 is depressurized.
- the upper inlet-side valve seat 73 can be adjusted axially along the flow direction D via an external thread.
- Lever 88 can be attached from the outside to attack surfaces 77 (see FIG Figure 18b ) to rotate the valve seat 73.
- the refill valve 19 does not have to be separated from the system 1 or dismantled.
- the operator can thus intervene immediately manually in order to ensure continuous operation, or switch off the system 1 and depressurise it in order to carry out the adjustment of the valve seat 73 as a service procedure.
- the readjustment can also take place automatically controlled and / or regulated by a motor.
- the valve body 67 is preferably rotated about the axis of rotation R in a controlled manner by means of a servomotor (not shown). This can possibly measured torque or the power consumption of the motor can be monitored, so that when a threshold value is exceeded, the direction of rotation can be changed to the other open or closed position. Alternatively or additionally, torque or power peaks can be recorded over a certain period of time and an error or maintenance case can be signaled based on this recording. For example, the need for readjusting the valve seat 73 can be displayed.
- Figures 19a-b show two embodiments of flushable needle valves that can be used, for example, as one or more of the shut-off valves 15, 27, 33, 37, 47 or at another point in the system 1.
- the needle valve according to Figure 19a is preferably used where the needle valve does not have to open or close under high pressure, e.g. as a pump shut-off valve 33 in the circuit to support the filling of the lock chamber 21.
- the pump shut-off valve 33 has a high-pressure inlet 92, which is axially and coaxially arranged with a high-pressure inlet 92 positionable needle 94 with respect to a low pressure outlet 95 can be shut off.
- the needle 94 At an end facing the high pressure inlet 92, the needle 94 has a conical closing surface 96 which can be pressed against a valve seat 98 for blocking. As soon as the high pressure inlet 92 is shut off, high pressure can be given to the high pressure inlet 92 without it escaping via the low pressure outlet 95. If there is no high pressure at the high pressure inlet 92, the pump shut-off valve 33 can be opened in order to allow a flow at low pressure from the high pressure inlet 92 to the low pressure outlet 95.
- the needle valve according to Figures 19a-b also has a rinsing inlet 100, via which the opened needle valve can be rinsed, with rinsing liquid, ie water or water with cleaning additives, can flow out via the low pressure outlet 95.
- rinsing liquid ie water or water with cleaning additives
- the needle valve can preferably be rinsed shortly before the refill valve 19 closes.
- Figure 19b shows a needle valve with a check valve 102 at the rinsing inlet 100.
- the check valve 102 prevents backflow into the rinsing inlet 100 and only allows rinsing liquid to flow in the direction of the needle valve. This is useful if the needle valve is used, for example, as one or more of the shut-off valves 15, 27, 37, 47, since the valve is opened there when there is high pressure at the high pressure inlet 92. Without the check valve 102, this high pressure would at least partially discharge into the flushing inlet 100 and lead to a backflow into the flushing inlet 100.
- the check valve 102 prevents this and thus enables a clean pressure release via the low pressure outlet 95.
- the low pressure outlet 95 can also be a high pressure outlet 95.
- the low-pressure outlet 95 is connected to an outlet 29.
- the high pressure outlet 95 is connected to the pressure inlet 35 of the lock chamber 21 in order to subject it to high pressure.
- the needle valves are preferably operated pneumatically via a pressure plate (not shown).
- a pressure plate (not shown).
- air pressure can be applied to the much larger pressure plate so that the needle valve can be closed with just a few bar of air pressure and kept tight against a high pressure of 1,500 bar and more.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Offenbarung betrifft eine Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage mit den im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen und ein Verfahren zum Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneiden Eine derartige Anlage gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ist aus dem Dokument
Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlagen werden zum Schneiden von Materialien mittels eines Hochdruck-Wasserstrahls verwendet, welchem ein Abrasivmittel zugesetzt ist. Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlagen sind zu unterscheiden von Wasser-Abrasiv-Injektions-Schneidanlagen, bei denen das Abrasivmittel erst in oder an einer Austrittsdüse in das bereits sehr stark beschleunigte Wasser eingeführt wird. Bei Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlagen wird zunächst das unter Hochdruck stehende Wasser mit dem Abrasivmittel gemischt und dann die Wasser-Abrasivmittel-Suspension in der Austrittsdüse beschleunigt. Bei Wasser-Abrasiv-Injektions-Schneidanlagen besteht zwar nicht das Problem, das Abrasivmittel unter Hochdruck mit dem Wasser zu mischen, da das Abrasivmittel erst an der Austrittsdüse zugeführt wird, allerdings ist das Abrasivmittel-Wasser-Verhältnis bei Wasser-Abrasiv-Injektions-Schneidanlagen stark beschränkt und damit dessen Schneidkraft. Außerdem führen Lufteinschlüsse bei Wasser-Abrasiv-Injektions-Schneidanlagen zur Schneidleistungsminderung durch uneffektives Beschleunigen der Abrasivmittelpartikel beim Einsaugen in den Wasserstrahl sowie hohe Luftanteile im Schneidstrahl. Bei Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlagen hingegen kann das Abrasivmittel-Wasser-Verhältnis höher gewählt und eine höhere Schneidkraft erzielt werden, da das Wasser unter Hochdruck stromaufwärts der Austrittsdrüse ohne Lufteinschlüsse mit dem Abrasivmittel gesteuert gemischt wird. So kann beispielsweise ein Teil des Wasserstroms durch einen Abrasivmittelbehälter geführt werden, welcher als Druckbehälter ausgebildet ist. Eine solche Anlage ist z. B. aus der
Die
Die hierin offenbarte Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage gemäß Anspruch 1 und das hierin offenbarte Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidverfahren gemäß Anspruch 10 haben gegenüber den vorgenannten Lösungen den Vorteil, dass die Befüllung der Schleusenkammer schneller abläuft und das Risiko von Verstopfungen minimiert ist. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Offenbarung sind in den Unteransprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen angegeben.The water-abrasive suspension cutting system according to
Gemäß einem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung wird eine Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage bereitgestellt mit
- einer Hochdruckquelle zum Bereitstellen von Wasser unter Hochdruck,
- einer mit der Hochdruckquelle verbundenen Hochdruckleitung,
- einem Druckbehälter zum Bereitstellen einer unter Hochdruck stehenden Wasser-Abrasivmittel-Suspension,
- einer Schleusenkammer, die dazu ausgestaltet ist, zeitweise unter Hochdruck und zeitweise unter Niederdruck zu stehen, und
- einem Befüllventil zum Befüllen der Schleusenkammer, wenn
- a high pressure source for providing water under high pressure,
- a high pressure line connected to the high pressure source,
- a pressure vessel for providing a high-pressure water-abrasive suspension,
- a lock chamber which is designed to be temporarily under high pressure and temporarily under low pressure, and
- a filling valve for filling the lock chamber, if
Hierin soll "Hochdruck" ein Druck über 100 bar bedeuten und "Niederdruck" ein Druck unterhalb von 100 bar. Vorzugsweise ist der Niederdruck der Umgebungsluftdruck. Die absperrbare Pumpe ist vorzugsweise nicht dem Hochdruck ausgesetzt und kann daher in Form einer Membranpumpe für Niederdruck ausgelegt sein. Wenngleich die Pumpe möglichst mit einem Bereich der Scheusenkammer fluidverbunden ist, in dem sich weniger Abrasivmittel befindet, beispielsweise einem seitlichen oberen Bereich der Scheusenkammer, kann das gepumpte Wasser Abrasivmittel enthalten, was den Pumpenverschleiß fördert. Wäre die Pumpe dem Hochdruck ausgesetzt, wäre dieser Pumpenverschleiß um ein Vielfaches höher.Here, “high pressure” is intended to mean a pressure above 100 bar and “low pressure” a pressure below 100 bar. The low pressure is preferably the ambient air pressure. The lockable pump is preferably not exposed to high pressure and can therefore be designed in the form of a diaphragm pump for low pressure. Although the pump is as fluidly connected as possible to an area of the lock chamber in which there is less abrasive, for example an upper side area of the lock chamber, the pumped water can contain abrasive, which promotes pump wear. If the pump were exposed to high pressure, this pump wear would be many times higher.
Optional ist zwischen der Pumpe und der Schleusenkammer ein Pumpenabsperrventil angeordnet, das vorzugsweise ein Nadelventil ist, das in bevorzugter Weise spülbar ausgestaltet ist. Das Nadelventil kann pneumatisch über einen Anpressteller absperrbar sein. Die Nadel kann dabei koaxial zu einem Hochdruckeingang und diesem gegenüberliegend angeordnet sein, um auf einen Ventilsitz am Hochdruckeingang dichtend zu drücken. Ein Spüleinlass kann einem Niederdruckausgang gegenüberliegend seitlich zum Ventilsitz führen, sodass ein Spülmittelfluss vom Spüleinlass über den Ventilsitz zum Niederdruckausgang verlaufen kann, um so den Ventilsitz und die Nadelspitze von Abrasivmittelresten, vorzugsweise vor einem Schließen des Ventils, zu reinigen.Optionally, a pump shut-off valve is arranged between the pump and the lock chamber, which is preferably a needle valve which is preferably designed to be flushable. The needle valve can be shut off pneumatically via a pressure plate. The needle can be arranged coaxially to a high pressure inlet and opposite this in order to press sealingly on a valve seat at the high pressure inlet. A flushing inlet can lead to the side of the valve seat opposite a low-pressure outlet so that a flow of flushing agent can run from the flushing inlet via the valve seat to the low-pressure outlet in order to clean the valve seat and the needle tip of abrasive residues, preferably before closing the valve.
Um einen Kreislauf herzustellen, kann die Pumpe optional druckseitig mit einem Nachfülltrichter verbunden sein, der ausgangsseitig mit einer Eingangsseite des Befüllventils fluidverbunden ist. Dabei ist der Nachfülltrichter vorzugsweise oberhalb des Befüllventils angeordnet, sodass Abrasivmittel schwerkraftunterstützt durch das Befüllventil in die Schleusenkammer sinken kann. Die Pumpe kann diesen vertikalen Abrasivmittelfluss durch einen von ihr zumindest zeitweise in der Schleusenkammer erzeugten Unterdruck anschieben, unterstützen und/oder beschleunigen. Das durch das Abrasivmittel verdrängte und von der Pumpe aus der Schleusenkammer abgepumpte Wasser kann über den Kreislauf wieder dem Nachfülltrichter zugeführt werden. Ist der Nachfülltrichter zumindest während des Befüllens der Schleusenkammer geschlossen, kann die Pumpe mit dem ausgangsseitigen Druck einen entsprechenden Überdruck im Nachfülltrichter erzeugen und so die Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Nachfülltrichter und der Schleusenkammer erhöhen, was den Durchfluss durch das Befüllventil beschleunigen kann.In order to create a circuit, the pump can optionally be connected on the pressure side to a refill funnel, which is fluidly connected on the output side to an input side of the filling valve. The refill funnel is preferably arranged above the filling valve so that abrasive can sink through the filling valve into the lock chamber with the aid of gravity. The pump can push, support and / or accelerate this vertical flow of abrasive by means of a negative pressure generated by it at least temporarily in the lock chamber. The water displaced by the abrasive and pumped out of the lock chamber by the pump can be fed back to the refill funnel via the circuit. If the refill funnel is closed at least during the filling of the lock chamber, the pump can generate a corresponding overpressure in the refill funnel with the pressure on the outlet side and thus increase the pressure difference between the refill funnel and the lock chamber, which can accelerate the flow through the fill valve.
Optional ist die Pumpe saugseitig mit einem oberen Bereich der Schleusenkammer absperrbar fluidverbunden, um möglichst nur klares Wasser ohne Abrasivmittel zu fördern. Es kann auch ein Filter oder Abscheider vorgesehen sein, um die Belastung der Pumpe mit Abrasivmittel zu minimieren. Da sich das in der Schleusenkammer einfließende Abrasivmittel in Form eines Kegels im unteren Bereich bis zu einer bestimmten Füllhöhe absetzt, ist ein Anschluss zur Pumpe vorzugsweise seitlich oben angeordnet, wo sich möglichst wenig Abrasivmittel befindet. Es können in der Schleusenkammer Blenden oder Prallbleche vorgesehen sein, um ein Absaugen von Abrasivmittel zur Pumpe möglichst zu vermeiden. Optional kann die Pumpe eine Membranpumpe sein, die lediglich für einen Betrieb im Niederdruck ausgelegt sein muss.Optionally, the pump can be fluidly connected to an upper area of the lock chamber on the suction side in a lockable manner in order to convey only clear water without abrasives if possible. A filter or separator can also be provided in order to minimize the load on the pump with abrasives. Since the abrasive flowing into the lock chamber settles in the form of a cone in the lower area up to a certain filling level, a connection to the pump is preferably arranged laterally at the top, where there is as little abrasive as possible. It can Baffles or baffle plates can be provided in the lock chamber in order to avoid suction of abrasive to the pump as far as possible. Optionally, the pump can be a membrane pump, which only needs to be designed for operation in low pressure.
Optional kann die Schleusenkammer über ein Druckablassventil in Form eines spülbaren Nadelventils druckentlastbar sein. Ähnlich wie beim Pumpenabsperrventil verschleißt das Druckablassventil weniger und schließt besser, wenn es spülbar ausgestaltet ist. Im Unterschied zum Pumpenabsperrventil muss das Druckablassventil allerdings öffnen während an einem Hochdruckeingang des Ventils Hochdruck herrscht. Daher ist es vorteilhaft, wenn das Druckablassventil an einem Spüleinlass ein Rückschlagventil aufweist, damit sich der Hochdruck nicht in den Spüleinlass entladen kann, sondern nur in einen Niederdruckausgang, der mit einem Ablauf fluidverbunden sein kann.The lock chamber can optionally be pressure-relieved via a pressure relief valve in the form of a flushable needle valve. Similar to the pump shut-off valve, the pressure relief valve wears less and closes better if it is designed to be flushable. In contrast to the pump shut-off valve, however, the pressure relief valve must open while there is high pressure at a high pressure inlet of the valve. It is therefore advantageous if the pressure relief valve has a check valve at a flushing inlet so that the high pressure cannot discharge into the flushing inlet, but only into a low-pressure outlet, which can be fluidly connected to an outlet.
Gemäß einem zweiten Aspekt dieser Erfindung wird ein Verfahren zum Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneiden bereitgestellt mit den Schritten:
- Bereitstellen von Wasser unter Hochdruck in einer Hochdruckleitung mittels einer Hochdruckquelle,
- Bereitstellen einer unter Hochdruck stehenden Abrasivmittelsuspension in einem Druckbehälter,
- Schneiden eines Materials mittels eines Hochdruckstrahls, der zumindest teilweise die Abrasivmittelsuspension enthält, unter Entnahme der Abrasivmittelsuspension aus dem Druckbehälter,
- Befüllen einer unter Niederdruck stehenden Schleusenkammer mit Abrasivmittel unter zumindest zeitweisem Ansaugen einer Abrasivmittelsuspension mittels einer von der Schleusenkammer absperrbaren Pumpe in die Schleusenkammer,
- Absperren der Pumpe von der Schleusenkammer,
- Bedrucken der Schleusenkammer auf Hochdruck, und
- Nachfüllen des Druckbehälters mit Abrasivmittel aus der unter Hochdruck stehenden Schleusenkammer in den Druckbehälter.
- Providing water under high pressure in a high pressure line by means of a high pressure source,
- Providing a high pressure abrasive suspension in a pressure vessel,
- Cutting a material by means of a high pressure jet, which at least partially contains the abrasive suspension, while removing the abrasive suspension from the pressure vessel,
- Filling a lock chamber under low pressure with abrasive with at least occasional suction of an abrasive suspension into the lock chamber by means of a pump that can be shut off from the lock chamber,
- Shutting off the pump from the lock chamber,
- Printing the lock chamber with high pressure, and
- Refilling the pressure vessel with abrasive from the high pressure lock chamber into the pressure vessel.
Optional erfolgt das Absperren der Pumpe von der Schleusenkammer durch ein Pumpenabsperrventil in Form eines Nadelventils. Durch einen weiteren Schritt des Spülens dieses Pumpenabsperrventils, der vorzugsweise bei geöffnetem Ventil kurz vor dem Absperren stattfindet, kann der Ventilverschleiß und die Dichtigkeit des Ventils verbessert werden.Optionally, the pump can be shut off from the lock chamber using a pump shut-off valve in the form of a needle valve. The valve wear and the tightness of the valve can be improved by a further step of flushing this pump shut-off valve, which preferably takes place shortly before the shut-off when the valve is open.
Um einen kontinuierlichen Schneidbetrieb der Anlage zu gewährleisten, können das Befüllen, Absperren, Bedrucken und Nachfüllen nacheinander und zyklisch während des kontinuierlichen Schneidens ablaufen.In order to guarantee a continuous cutting operation of the system, the filling, blocking, printing and refilling can take place one after the other and cyclically during the continuous cutting.
Optional findet vorzugsweise nach dem Nachfüllen des Druckbehälters ein Druckentlasten der Schleusenkammer vom Hochdruck auf Niederdruck statt. Dies erfolgt vorzugsweise über ein Druckablassventil in Form eines spülbaren Nadelventils in einen Ablauf.Optionally, after the pressure vessel has been refilled, the pressure in the lock chamber is relieved from high pressure to low pressure. This is preferably done via a pressure relief valve in the form of a flushable needle valve in a drain.
Gemäß einem (hierin nicht beanspruchten) unabhängigen dritten Aspekt der Offenbarung wird eine Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage bereitgestellt mit einer Hochdruckquelle zum Bereitstellen von Wasser unter hohem Druck, einer mit der Hochdruckquelle verbundenen Hochdruckleitung, einem Druckbehälter zum Bereitstellen einer unter Druck stehenden Wasser-Abrasivmittel-Suspension, einer Schleusenkammer mit einem Bedruckungseingang, und einem Befüllventil zum Nachfüllen von Abrasivmittel über die Schleusenkammer in den Druckbehälter. Die Anlage weist ferner einen Druckspeicher auf, der mit dem Bedruckungseingang der Schleusenkammer absperrbar verbunden ist, wobei der Druckspeicher dazu ausgestaltet ist, sich in die Schleusenkammer zu druckentladen.According to an independent third aspect of the disclosure (not claimed herein), a water-abrasive suspension cutting system is provided with a high pressure source for providing water under high pressure, a high pressure line connected to the high pressure source, a pressure vessel for providing a pressurized water Abrasive medium suspension, a lock chamber with a pressure inlet, and a filling valve for refilling abrasive via the lock chamber into the pressure vessel. The system also has a pressure accumulator, which is connected to the pressure inlet of the lock chamber in such a way that it can be shut off, the pressure accumulator being designed to discharge pressure into the lock chamber.
Damit muss keine separate Hochdruckquelle für das Bedrucken der Schleusenkammer vorgesehen werden. Stattdessen kann die Energieentnahme aus der Hochdruckleitung zeitlich gestreckt werden, ohne dabei den Bedruckungsvorgang für die Schleusenkammer zu verlängern. Die zur Bedruckung der Schleusenkammer benötigte Energie kann beispielsweise während eines Befüllens der drucklosen Schleusenkammer mit Abrasivmittel bzw. Wasser-Abrasivmittel-Suspension und/oder eines Nachfüllens des Druckbehälters aus der bedruckten Schleusenkammer durch relativ langsames Druckbeladen des Druckspeichers über eine Drossel der Hochdruckleitung entnommen werden. Die Amplitude des Druckabfalls in der Hochdruckleitung kann somit auf ein Maß reduziert werden, bei dem die Schneidleistung im Wesentlichen unbeeinträchtigt bleibt.This means that there is no need to provide a separate high pressure source for printing on the lock chamber. Instead, the energy extraction from the high pressure line can be stretched over time without lengthening the printing process for the lock chamber. The energy required to pressurize the lock chamber can, for example, be taken from the pressurized lock chamber while the pressureless lock chamber is being filled with abrasive or water-abrasive suspension and / or the pressure vessel is refilled by loading the pressure accumulator relatively slowly using a throttle in the high-pressure line. The amplitude of the pressure drop in the high pressure line can thus be reduced to a level at which the cutting performance remains essentially unaffected.
Das Bedrucken der Schleusenkammer muss nicht vollständig durch Druckentladen des Druckspeichers erfolgen, sondern kann beispielsweise mittels eines anfänglichen Druckimpulses aus dem Druckspeicher in die Schleusenkammer nur zu 40% oder 50% zur Bedruckung beitragen. Die restliche Bedruckung kann gedrosselt gleichzeitig oder zeitlich versetzt über die Hochdruckleitung erfolgen. Der Druckspeicher kann eine Druckspeichereinheit oder mehrere Druckspeichereinheiten aufweisen, die parallel oder in Serie geschaltet sind.Printing on the lock chamber does not have to be done completely by unloading the pressure from the pressure accumulator, but can only contribute 40% or 50% to the printing by means of an initial pressure pulse from the pressure accumulator into the lock chamber, for example. The rest of the printing can be carried out at the same time or at different times via the high pressure line. The pressure accumulator can have a pressure accumulator unit or a plurality of pressure accumulator units which are connected in parallel or in series.
Optional kann der Druckspeicher über mindestens eine Drossel mit der Hochdruckleitung verbunden sein und über die mindestens eine Drossel druckbeladen werden. Das Druckbeladen kann sich direkt an das Bedrucken der Schleusenkammer anschließen oder zeitversetzt dazu erfolgen. Beispielsweise kann ein Absperrventil vorgesehen sein, um den Druckspeicher nach dem Druckentladen abzusperren, damit zunächst die Schleusenkammer eine restliche Bedruckung aus der Hochdruckleitung erfahren kann, ohne die Hochdruckleitung gleichzeitig mit dem Druckbeladen des Druckspeichers zu belasten. Damit wird die Amplitude des Druckabfalls in der Hochdruckleitung weiter reduziert.Optionally, the pressure accumulator can be connected to the high pressure line via at least one throttle and can be pressurized via the at least one throttle. The pressure loading can follow directly after the printing of the lock chamber or it can take place with a time delay. For example, a shut-off valve can be provided to shut off the pressure accumulator after the pressure has been discharged so that the lock chamber can initially experience residual pressure from the high-pressure line without loading the high-pressure line at the same time as pressure loading the pressure accumulator. This further reduces the amplitude of the pressure drop in the high pressure line.
Optional kann der Bedruckungseingang an einem unteren Bereich der Schleusenkammer angeordnet sein. Dadurch liegt der Bedruckungseingang unterhalb des Abrasivmittelspiegels, wenn die Schleusenkammer mit Abrasivmittel befüllt ist. Ein durch den Bedruckungseingang eingeleiteter Druckstoß, der vorzugsweise durch die Druckentladung des Druckspeichers erzeugt wird, kann somit in der Schleusenkammer befindliches Abrasivmittel auflockern und aufwirbeln. Ein anschließendes Nachfüllen des Druckbehälters aus der Schleusenkammer mit Abrasivmittel erfolgt nach derartiger Auflockerung bzw. Aufwirbelung schneller.Optionally, the printing inlet can be arranged in a lower area of the lock chamber. As a result, the printing inlet is below the abrasive level when the lock chamber is filled with abrasive. A pressure surge introduced through the pressure input, which is preferably generated by the pressure discharge of the pressure accumulator, can thus loosen and stir up any abrasive agent located in the lock chamber. Subsequent refilling of the pressure vessel from the lock chamber with abrasive occurs faster after such loosening or whirling up.
Optional kann der Bedruckungseingang über mindestens eine Drossel absperrbar mit der Hochdruckleitung verbunden sein. Damit kann zumindest teilweise die Schleusenkammer über die Hochdruckleitung bedruckt werden, um den Druckspeicher nicht zu groß bzw. mit zu vielen Druckspeichereinheiten ausgestalten zu müssen. In gewissem Maß kann nämlich durchaus ein Druckabfall in der Hochdruckleitung toleriert werden, ohne dass dabei die Schneidleistung signifikant beeinträchtigt wird. Über die mindestens eine Drossel wird die Energieentnahme aus der Hochdruckleitung verlangsamt und gewährleistet, dass die Amplitude des Druckabfalls ein gewisses Maß nicht überschreitet. Hierbei wird vorzugsweise ein Interessenausgleich zwischen der Geschwindigkeit der Bedruckung und dem maximalen Druckabfall in der Hochdruckleitung getroffen, wobei sich herausgestellt hat, dass es vorteilhaft ist, etwa 40% des Drucks in der Schleusenkammer schnell aus der Druckentladung des Druckspeicher zu erzeugen und den Rest langsam aus der Hochdruckleitung. Insgesamt kann der Bedruckungsprozess zur vollen Druckhöhe in der Schleusenkammer dann beispielsweise 5 bis 10 Sekunden dauern.Optionally, the pressure input can be connected to the high-pressure line in a shut-off manner via at least one throttle. In this way, the lock chamber can be at least partially pressurized via the high pressure line in order not to have to design the pressure accumulator too large or with too many pressure accumulator units. To a certain extent, a pressure drop in the high-pressure line can indeed be tolerated without the cutting performance being significantly impaired. The extraction of energy from the high-pressure line is slowed down via the at least one throttle and it is ensured that the amplitude of the pressure drop does not exceed a certain level. In this case, a balance of interests is preferably made between the speed of the printing and the maximum pressure drop in the high-pressure line, whereby it has been found that it is advantageous to generate about 40% of the pressure in the lock chamber quickly from the pressure discharge of the pressure accumulator and the rest slowly from the high pressure line. Overall, the printing process to the full printing height in the lock chamber can then take, for example, 5 to 10 seconds.
Optional, kann die Schleusenkammer während eines ersten Zeitfensters durch Druckentladen des Druckspeichers bedruckt werden und während eines zweiten Zeitfensters über mindestens eine Drossel aus der Hochdruckleitung, wobei sich das erste und das zweite Zeitfenster zumindest teilweise überschneiden. Vorzugsweise fangen beide Zeitfenster zeitgleich an, indem ein erstes Absperrventil stromabwärts vom Druckspeicher und von der Hochdruckleitung und stromaufwärts vom Bedruckungseingang geöffnet wird. Stromabwärts von der mindestens einen Drossel können die Hochdruckleitung und ein Ausgang des Druckspeichers zusammengeführt sein, sodass sowohl der Druckspeicher als auch die Hochdruckleitung bei geöffnetem erstem Absperrventil die Schleusenkammer bedrucken können. Wegen der stromaufwärtigen Drossel ist das erste Zeitfenster allerdings signifikant kürzer als das zweite Zeitfenster. Es kann also durch das Druckentladen des Druckspeichers ein Druckimpuls zum Auflockern des Abrasivmittels in die Schleusenkammer eingeleitet werden, ohne in der Hochdruckleitung einen die Schneidleistung beeinträchtigenden Druckabfall zu erzeugen.Optionally, the lock chamber can be printed during a first time window by depressurizing the pressure accumulator and during a second time window via at least one throttle from the High-pressure line, wherein the first and the second time window at least partially overlap. Both time windows preferably begin at the same time, in that a first shut-off valve is opened downstream from the pressure accumulator and from the high-pressure line and upstream from the pressure inlet. Downstream of the at least one throttle, the high pressure line and an outlet of the pressure accumulator can be brought together, so that both the pressure accumulator and the high pressure line can pressurize the lock chamber when the first shut-off valve is open. Because of the upstream throttle, however, the first time window is significantly shorter than the second time window. A pressure pulse for loosening the abrasive can thus be introduced into the lock chamber through the pressure discharge of the pressure accumulator, without generating a pressure drop in the high-pressure line which adversely affects the cutting performance.
Optional kann ein zweites Absperrventil zwischen einem Ausgang des Druckspeichers und der Hochdruckleitung stromabwärts von der mindestens einen Drossel angeordnet sein. Mit diesem zweiten Absperrventil kann die Druckbeladung des Druckspeichers nach einem Druckentladevorgang verzögert werden, um die Hochdruckleitung nicht während der restlichen Bedruckung der Schleusenkammer zu belasten. Alternativ könnte die Druckbeladung des Druckspeichers sofort an einem Umkehrpunkt beginnen, zu dem ein Beladedruck gerade den Entladedruck übersteigt.Optionally, a second shut-off valve can be arranged between an outlet of the pressure accumulator and the high-pressure line downstream of the at least one throttle. With this second shut-off valve, the pressure loading of the pressure accumulator can be delayed after a pressure discharge process in order not to load the high-pressure line during the rest of the pressure on the lock chamber. Alternatively, the pressure loading of the pressure accumulator could begin immediately at a reversal point at which a loading pressure just exceeds the unloading pressure.
Optional kann der Druckspeicher ein Federspeicher oder Blasenspeicher sein.The pressure accumulator can optionally be a spring accumulator or a bladder accumulator.
Gemäß einem (hierin nicht beanspruchten) unabhängigen vierten Aspekt der Offenbarung wird ein Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidverfahren bereitgestellt mit den Schritten:
- Bereitstellen von Wasser unter hohem Druck in einer Hochdruckleitung mittels einer Hochdruckquelle,
- Bereitstellen einer unter Druck stehenden Abrasivmittelsuspension in einem Druckbehälter,
- Schneiden eines Materials mittels eines Hochdruckstrahls, der zumindest teilweise die Abrasivmittelsuspension enthält, unter Entnahme der Abrasivmittelsuspension aus dem Druckbehälter,
- Befüllen einer unbedruckten Schleusenkammer mit Abrasivmittel oder einer Wasser-Abrasivmittel-Suspension,
- zumindest teilweises Bedrucken der Schleusenkammer durch Druckentladen eines Druckspeichers, und
- Nachfüllen des Druckbehälters mit Abrasivmittel oder einer Abrasivmittelsuspension über ein Befüllventil aus der bedruckten Schleusenkammer in den Druckbehälter.
- Providing water under high pressure in a high pressure line by means of a high pressure source,
- Providing a pressurized abrasive suspension in a pressure vessel,
- Cutting a material by means of a high pressure jet, which at least partially contains the abrasive suspension, while removing the abrasive suspension from the pressure vessel,
- Filling an unprinted lock chamber with abrasive or a water-abrasive suspension,
- at least partial printing of the lock chamber by unloading a pressure accumulator, and
- Refilling of the pressure vessel with abrasive agent or an abrasive agent suspension via a filling valve from the pressure lock chamber into the pressure vessel.
Optional kann das Verfahren einen weiteren Schritt eines Druckbeladens des Druckspeichers über mindestens eine Drossel aus der Hochdruckleitung aufweisen. Damit kann auf eine zusätzliche Hochdruckquelle verzichtet werden.Optionally, the method can have a further step of pressure loading the pressure accumulator via at least one throttle from the high pressure line. An additional high pressure source can thus be dispensed with.
Optional kann das Verfahren ein zumindest teilweises Bedrucken der Schleusenkammer über mindestens eine Drossel aus der Hochdruckleitung aufweisen. Dieser Schritt kann sich zumindest teilweise mit dem Schritt des zumindest teilweisen Bedruckens der Schleusenkammer durch Druckentladen des Druckspeichers überlappen, und vorzugsweise zeitgleich mit diesem beginnen, aber vorzugsweise später als dieser enden. Wie oben bereits beschrieben, kann somit der Druckspeicher kleiner oder mit weniger Druckspeichereinheiten ausgelegt werden als wenn der gesamte Druck der Schleusenkammer aus dem Druckspeicher gespeist würde.Optionally, the method can include at least partial printing of the lock chamber via at least one throttle from the high-pressure line. This step can at least partially overlap with the step of at least partially printing the lock chamber by depressurizing the pressure accumulator, and preferably begin at the same time as this, but preferably end later than this. As already described above, the pressure accumulator can thus be designed to be smaller or with fewer pressure accumulator units than if the entire pressure of the lock chamber were fed from the pressure accumulator.
Optional kann das Bedrucken der Schleusenkammer durch Druckentladen des Druckspeichers und/oder ein zumindest teilweises Bedrucken der Schleusenkammer über mindestens eine Drossel aus der Hochdruckleitung derart erfolgen, dass in der Schleusenkammer befindliches Abrasivmittel durch einen Druckstoß aufgelockert wird. Dadurch kann der nachfolgende Schritt des Nachfüllens des Druckbehälters mit Abrasivmittel aus der Schleusenkammer schneller erfolgen.Optionally, the lock chamber can be printed by unloading the pressure of the accumulator and / or at least partially printing the lock chamber via at least one throttle from the High-pressure line take place in such a way that abrasive material located in the lock chamber is loosened by a pressure surge. As a result, the subsequent step of refilling the pressure vessel with abrasive from the lock chamber can take place more quickly.
Optional kann das Bedrucken der Schleusenkammer durch Druckentladen des Druckspeichers und/oder das Bedrucken der Schleusenkammer aus der Hochdruckleitung in einen unteren Bereich der Schleusenkammer erfolgen. Da das Abrasivmittel schwerkraftbedingt in den unteren Bereich der Schleusenkammer absinkt, ist damit sichergestellt, dass das Abrasivmittel durch einen Druckstoß aufgelockert wird. Außerdem ist die Verklumpungsgefahr am größten im vorzugsweise verengten unteren Bereich der Schleusenkammer, der zum vorzugsweise darunter angeordneten Nachfüllventil führt.Optionally, the lock chamber can be printed by unloading the pressure of the pressure accumulator and / or the lock chamber can be printed from the high pressure line into a lower area of the lock chamber. Since the abrasive sinks into the lower area of the lock chamber due to gravity, this ensures that the abrasive is loosened by a pressure surge. In addition, the risk of clumping is greatest in the preferably narrowed lower area of the lock chamber, which leads to the refill valve preferably arranged below.
Optional kann das Bedrucken der Schleusenkammer durch Druckentladen eines Druckspeichers während eines ersten Zeitfensters und das Bedrucken der Schleusenkammer aus der Hochdruckleitung während eines zweiten Zeitfensters erfolgen, wobei sich das erste und das zweite Zeitfenster zumindest teilweise überschneiden.Optionally, the lock chamber can be printed by unloading a pressure accumulator during a first time window and the lock chamber can be printed from the high-pressure line during a second time window, the first and second time windows at least partially overlapping.
Optional kann die Schleusenkammer vom Druckspeicher und/oder der mindestens einen Hochdruckleitung während des Befüllens und des Nachfüllens abgesperrt sein. Diese Zeit kann insbesondere zum Druckbeladen des Druckspeichers genutzt werden. Das Druckbeladen des Druckspeichers kann über mindestens eine Drossel mindestens so schnell erfolgen, dass der Druckspeicher vor dem nächsten Bedruckungsschritt wieder druckbeladen ist, und mindestens so langsam, dass die Amplitude des durch das Druckbeladen verursachten Druckabfalls in der Hochdruckleitung die Schneidleistung nicht signifikant beeinträchtigt.Optionally, the lock chamber can be shut off from the pressure accumulator and / or the at least one high-pressure line during filling and refilling. This time can be used in particular for pressure loading the pressure accumulator. The pressure accumulator can be pressure-loaded via at least one throttle at least so quickly that the pressure accumulator is pressure-loaded again before the next printing step, and at least so slowly that the amplitude of the pressure drop in the high-pressure line caused by the pressure loading does not significantly impair the cutting performance.
Optional kann während des Druckbeladens des Druckspeichers Energie über eine Feder- oder Fluidkompression im Druckspeicher gespeichert werden.During the pressure loading of the pressure accumulator, energy can optionally be stored in the pressure accumulator via spring or fluid compression.
Optional können das Befüllen, das Bedrucken und das Nachfüllen zyklisch ablaufen während das Schneiden kontinuierlich durchgeführt werden kann.Optionally, filling, printing and refilling can run cyclically while cutting can be carried out continuously.
Optional kann der Druckspeicher nach dem Bedrucken der Schleusenkammer durch Druckentladen des Druckspeichers von der Hochdruckleitung zunächst abgesperrt werden, wobei der Druckspeicher aus der Hochdruckleitung erst wieder druckbeladen wird, wenn die Schleusenkammer zumindest teilweise über mindestens eine Drossel aus der Hochdruckleitung bedruckt wurde.Optionally, after the lock chamber has been printed, the pressure accumulator can first be shut off by depressurizing the pressure accumulator from the high pressure line, the pressure accumulator from the high pressure line only being pressurized again when the lock chamber has been at least partially pressurized via at least one throttle from the high pressure line.
Die Offenbarung ist nachfolgend anhand von in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
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Fig. 1 ein schematisches Schaltbild eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels der hierein offenbarten Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage; -
Fig. 2 ein schematisches Schaltbild eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels der hierein offenbarten Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage; -
Fig. 3 ein schematisches Schaltbild eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels der hierein offenbarten Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage; -
Fig. 4 ein schematisches Schaltbild eines vierten Ausführungsbeispiels der hierein offenbarten Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage; -
Fig. 5 ein schematisches Schaltbild eines fünften Ausführungsbeispiels der hierein offenbarten Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage; -
Fig. 6a-c schematische Teilschaltbilder dreier unterschiedlicher Ausführungsformen einer Förderhilfe der hierein offenbarten Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage; -
Fig. 7a-c schematische Teilschaltbilder dreier unterschiedlicher Ausführungsformen einer Abrasivmittelstromsteuerung der hierein offenbarten Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage; -
Fig. 8-12 schematische Schaltbilder fünf unterschiedlicher Ausführungsformen einer Abrasivmittelnachfuhreinrichtung der hierein offenbarten Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage; -
Fig. 13 ein schematisches Ablaufdiagramm eines Ausführungsbeispiels des hierein offenbarten Verfahrens zum Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneiden; -
Fig. 14 Druck-Zeit-Diagramme in einer Schleusenkammer, in einem Druckspeicher und in einer Hochdruckleitung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der hierein offenbarten Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage; -
Fig. 15a-b Querschnitte in einer xz-Ebene durch ein Nachfüllventil in zwei verschiedenen Öffnungsstellungen gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der hierein offenbarten Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage; -
Fig. 16a-b Querschnitte in einer xz-Ebene durch ein Nachfüllventil in zwei verschiedenen Schließstellungen gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der hierein offenbarten Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage; -
Fig. 17a-b Querschnitte in einer yz-Ebene durch ein Nachfüllventil in Schließstellung gemäß zweier unterschiedlicher Ausführungsbeispiele der hierein offenbarten Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage; -
Fig. 18a-b perspektivische Ansichten auf ein Nachfüllventil gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der hierein offenbarten Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage; und -
Fig. 19a-b Querschnitte durch ein Absperrventil in Form eines Nadelventils gemäß zwei verschiedener Ausführungsbeispiele der hierein offenbarten Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage in einer Öffnungsstellung.
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Fig. 1 a schematic circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the herein disclosed water-abrasive-suspension cutting system; -
Fig. 2 a schematic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the herein disclosed water-abrasive-suspension cutting system; -
Fig. 3 a schematic circuit diagram of a third embodiment of the herein disclosed water-abrasive-suspension cutting system; -
Fig. 4 a schematic circuit diagram of a fourth embodiment of the herein disclosed water-abrasive-suspension cutting system; -
Fig. 5 a schematic circuit diagram of a fifth embodiment of the herein disclosed water-abrasive-suspension cutting system; -
Figures 6a-c schematic partial circuit diagrams of three different embodiments of a conveying aid of the water-abrasive-suspension cutting system disclosed herein; -
Figures 7a-c schematic partial circuit diagrams of three different embodiments of an abrasive medium flow control of the water-abrasive-suspension cutting system disclosed herein; -
Figures 8-12 schematic circuit diagrams of five different embodiments of an abrasive supply device of the water-abrasive-suspension cutting system disclosed herein; -
Fig. 13 a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of the herein disclosed method for water-abrasive suspension cutting; -
Fig. 14 Pressure-time diagrams in a lock chamber, in a pressure accumulator and in a high-pressure line according to an embodiment of the water-abrasive-suspension cutting system disclosed herein; -
Figures 15a-b Cross-sections in an xz plane through a refill valve in two different open positions according to an embodiment of the water-abrasive-suspension cutting system disclosed herein; -
Figures 16a-b Cross-sections in an xz plane through a refill valve in two different closed positions according to an exemplary embodiment of the water-abrasive-suspension cutting system disclosed herein; -
Figures 17a-b Cross-sections in a yz plane through a refill valve in the closed position according to two different exemplary embodiments of the water-abrasive-suspension cutting system disclosed herein; -
Figures 18a-b perspective views of a refill valve according to an embodiment of the herein disclosed water-abrasive-suspension cutting system; and -
Figures 19a-b Cross-sections through a shut-off valve in the form of a needle valve according to two different exemplary embodiments of the water-abrasive-suspension cutting system disclosed herein in an open position.
Die in
Beim Schneiden wird dem Druckbehälter 11 Wasser-Abrasivmittel-Suspension 13 entnommen und Wasser unter Hochdruck zugeführt, wobei also das im Druckbehälter 11 befindliche Abrasivmittel verbraucht wird. Es muss daher der Druckbehälter 11 kontinuierlich oder sequenziell mit Abrasivmittel nachgefüllt werden. Dazu ist oberhalb des Druckbehälters 11 ein Nachfüllventil 19 in Form eines Kugelhahns angeordnet. Das Nachfüllventil 19 verbindet eine über dem Nachfüllventil 19 angeordnete Schleusenkammer 21 mit dem Druckbehälter 11. Über der Schleusenkammer 21 ist wiederum ein Befüllventil 23 angeordnet, das einen über der Schleusenkammer 21 angeordneten Nachfülltrichter 25 mit der Schleusenkammer 21 verbindet. Das Befüllventil 23 kann im Wesentlichen baugleich zum Nachfüllventil 19 in Form eines Kugelhahns ausgestaltet sein.During cutting, water-
Der Nachfülltrichter 25 steht nicht unter Druck, sodass von oben trockenes, feuchtes oder nasses Abrasivmittel oder eine Wasser-Abrasivmittel-Suspension eingefüllt werden kann (siehe
Das Pumpenabsperrventil 33 wird lediglich dann geöffnet, wenn die Schleusenkammer 21 bereits drucklos ist. Daher kann für das Pumpenabsperrventil 33 eine erste Ausführungsform des Nadelventils gemäß
Sobald die Schleusenkammer 21 nun beispielsweise mit 1kg Abrasivmittel gefüllt ist, kann das Befüllventil 23 geschlossen werden. Außerdem werden nun das Druckablassventil 27 und das Pumpenabsperrventil 33 geschlossen. Die Schleusenkammer 21 weist in einem unteren Bereich einen Bedruckungseingang 35 auf, über den die Schleusenkammer 21 bedruckbar ist. Der Bedruckungseingang 35 ist in dem Ausführungsbeispiel der
In der in
In der in
In einer dritten Ausführungsform gemäß
Sobald nun die Schleusenkammer 21 vollständig bedruckt ist, kann das Nachfüllventil 19 geöffnet werden, damit schwerkraftbedingt oder -unterstützt Abrasivmittel aus der Schleusenkammer 21 durch das Nachfüllventil 19 in den Druckbehälter 11 strömen kann, um diesen nachzufüllen. Vorzugsweise ist eine Förderhilfe 45, beispielsweise in Form einer Pumpe, vorgesehen, die saugseitig mit dem Druckbehälter 11 und druckseitig mit der Schleusenkammer 21 verbunden ist. Die Förderhilfe 45 unterstützt bzw. erzeugt den Abrasivmittelstrom aus der Schleusenkammer 21 nach unten in den Druckbehälter 11. Sie kann Verstopfungen von Abrasivmittel verhindern oder lösen und den schwerkraftbedingten bzw. - unterstützten Nachfüllvorgang beschleunigen. Im Unterschied zur Pumpe 31 am Nachfülltrichter 25 arbeitet die Förderhilfe 45 am Druckbehälter 11 mit Wasser unter dem nominellen Hochdruck po. Sie muss daher für den Hochdruckbetrieb ausgelegt sein. Beispielsweise kann sie, wie in
Das Nachfüllventil 19 weist neben einem oberen Ventileingang 49 und einem unteren Ventilausgang 51 auch einen seitlichen Druckeinlass 53 auf. Über den Druckeinlass 53 kann ein Ventilraum, in dem sich ein beweglicher Ventilkörper befindet, bedruckt werden. Ohne Bedruckung des Ventilraums kann es nämlich sein, dass bei Inbetriebnahme der Anlage die sehr hohen Drücke auf den Ventileingang 49 und den Ventilausgang 51 den Ventilkörper so stark in den Ventilsitz pressen, dass sich der Ventilkörper nicht mehr bewegen lässt. Über den seitlichen Druckeinlass 53 kann ein Druckausgleich im Nachfüllventil 19 hergestellt werden, sodass der Ventilkörper nach Inbetriebnahme beweglich ist.In addition to an
In dem in
Um nun das Nachfüllventil 19 mit Wasser oder einer Wasser-Spülmittel-Mischung durchzuspülen, damit ein Ventilraum des Nachfüllventils 19 von Abrasivmittelresten befreit werden kann, ist das Nachfüllventil 19 vorzugsweise geschlossen. Das erste Spülventil 57 wird ebenfalls geschlossen, damit vom Druckeinlass 53 Druck abgelassen werden kann, ohne den Druck an der Förderhilfe 45 abzulassen. Das zweite Spülventil 59 wird zum Ablauf 65 hin geöffnet, sodass der ggf. bestehende Hochdruck aus dem Ventilraum abgelassen werden kann. Wird nun das dritte Spülventil 61 geöffnet, so fließt Wasser bzw. eine Wasser-Spülmittel-Mischung durch den Ventilraum zum Ablauf 65 und spült diesen somit von Abrasivmittelresten frei. Vorzugsweise wird das Spülen des Nachfüllventils 19 bei vollständig druckloser Anlage 1 als Serviceprozedur durchgeführt, um den Ventilraum vollständig ausspülen zu können und ggf. den Ventilkörper dabei bewegen zu können.In order to now rinse the
Alternativ zur vierten Ausführungsform gemäß
Das Spülen wird durch Schließen der drei Spülventile 57, 59, 61 in umgekehrter Reihenfolge wieder beendet, d.h. das dritte Spülventil 61 wird zunächst geschlossen, sodass der Spülfluss gestoppt wird. Dann wird das zweite Spülventil 59 geschlossen, um den Ventilraum gegenüber dem Ablauf 65 abzuschließen. Schließlich kann das erste Spülventil 57 geöffnet werden, damit der Ventilraum mit Hochdruck bedruckt wird. Das Bedrucken des Ventilraums ist vorteilhaft, da ein Ventilkörper im Nachfüllventil 19 durch die hohe Druckdifferenz zwischen dem Ventilausgang 51 oder Ventileingang 49 und dem Ventilraum so stark in einen Ventilsitz gepresst werden kann, dass sich dieser nicht mehr bewegen lässt. Das Bedrucken des Ventilraums schafft dagegen einen Druckausgleich, sodass der Ventilkörper im Nachfüllventil 19 beweglich bleibt.The flushing is ended again by closing the three
In den Teilschaltbildern gemäß
Es ist nun aus verschiedenen Gründen vorteilhaft, den tatsächlichen Abrasivmittelentnahmefluss zu messen und zu regeln. Zum einen kann für das Schneiden bestimmter Materialien, Werkstücke oder Werkstückabschnitte ein bestimmtes Mischungsverhältnis optimal sein, bei dem nur so viel Abrasivmittel zum Erzielen der Schneidleistung wie nötig entnommen wird. Bei inhomogenen Werkstücken kann die Schneidleistung über das Mischungsverhältnis während des Schneidens angepasst werden. Zum anderen kann das Nachfüllen des Druckbehälters 11 mit Abrasivmittel entsprechend dem Abrasivmittelentnahmefluss so gesteuert werden, dass ständig genügend Abrasivmittelsuspension 13 im Druckbehälter 11 für ein kontinuierliches Schneiden vorhanden ist. In
Wie in
Die Füllstandssensoren 72, 74 können auch dazu genutzt werden, die Nachfüllzyklen zu steuern bzw. zu takten. Beispielsweise kann über dem oberen Füllstandssensor 72 zwischen dem Füllstandskegel F1 und dem maximalen Füllstandskegel Fmax eine Füllung der Schleusenkammer 21 passen. Sinkt der Füllstandskegel unter F1, kann der obere Füllstandssensor 72 ein Befüllen der Schleusenkammer 21 auslösen, damit diese vollständig befüllt ist, wenn der untere Füllstandssensor 74 den Füllstandskegel F2 signalisiert und damit ein Nachfüllen aus der befüllten Schleusenkammer 21 in den Druckbehälter 11 auslösen kann. Damit wird verhindert, dass der Füllstandskegel bis auf den minimalen Füllstandskegel Fmin absinkt. Zwischen dem minimalen Füllstandskegel Fmin und dem Füllstandskegel F2 kann ebenfalls mindestens eine Füllung der Schleusenkammer 21 als Puffer passen. Alternativ zu einem Auslösen des Befüllens der Schleusenkammer 21 bei einem bestimmten Füllstand kann die Schleusenkammer 21 automatisch immer sofort wieder befüllt werden sobald das Nachfüllen des Druckbehälters 11 beendet ist. Dann braucht nur bei dem Füllstandskegel F2 das Nachfüllen aus der Schleusenkammer 21 ausgelöst werden. Der vertikale Abstand zwischen dem oberen Füllstandssensor 72 und dem unteren Füllstandssensor 74 kann relativ kurz gewählt werden, beispielsweise so kurz, dass ein Absinken zwischen F1 und F2 kürzer dauert als ein Befüllvorgang der Schleusenkammer 21. Mit einem kürzeren vertikalen Abstand kann der mittlere Abrasivmittelentnahmefluss ΔV/Δt bzw. ΔV/(t2-t1) häufiger ermittelt werden und damit genauer den aktuellen Abrasivmittelentnahmefluss dV/dt wiedergeben.The
In
In
Es kann sogar vollständig auf den Nachfülltrichter 25 verzichtet werden (siehe
Das Nachfüllen des Abrasivmittels in den Druckbehälter 11 erfolgt gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel des hierin offenbarten Verfahrens zum Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneiden portioniert und zyklisch während ein zu bearbeitendes Werkstück kontinuierlich mit dem Schneidstrahl 9 geschnitten werden kann.
Während des Befüllens 307 der Schleusenkammer 21 oder während des Nachfüllens 311 des Druckbehälters 11 kann der Druckspeicher über die Drossel 41 aus der Hochdruckleitung 5 druckbeladen werden 313. Zeitgleich startend mit dem Bedrucken 309 der Schleusenkammer 21 aus dem Druckspeicher 39 kann die Schleusenkammer 21 zumindest teilweise über die Drossel 41 aus der Hochdruckleitung 5 bedruckt werden 315. Dieses langsame gedrosselte Bedrucken 315 aus der Hochdruckleitung 5 kann länger andauern als das schnelle Bedrucken 309 durch das Druckentladen des Druckspeichers 39. Mit anderen Worten kann das Bedrucken 309 der Schleusenkammer 21 durch Druckentladen eines Druckspeichers 39 während eines ersten Zeitfensters A und das Bedrucken 315 der Schleusenkammer 21 der Hochdruckleitung 5 während eines zweiten Zeitfensters B erfolgen, wobei sich das erste Zeitfenster A und das zweite Zeitfenster B zumindest teilweise überschneiden, vorzugsweise an ihrem Beginn.During the filling 307 of the
Das Bedrucken 309 der Schleusenkammer 21 durch Druckentladen des Druckspeichers kann derart schnell erfolgen, dass in der Schleusenkammer 21 befindliches Abrasivmittel durch einen Druckstoß aufgelockert wird. Dabei erfolgt das Bedrucken 309 der Schleusenkammer durch Druckentladen des Druckspeichers 39 vorzugsweise in einen unteren Bereich der Schleusenkammer 21, da etwaige Verstopfungen von Abrasivmittel in einem unteren Bereich wahrscheinlicher sind als in einem oberen Bereich.The
Optional ist der Bedruckungseingang 35 der Schleusenkammer 21 vom Druckspeicher 39 und/oder der Hochdruckleitung 5 während des Befüllens 307 und des Nachfüllens 311 abgesperrt. Das Druckbeladen 313 der Druckspeicher 39 kann somit während des Befüllens 307 und/oder des Nachfüllens 311 erfolgen. Dabei kann Energie über eine Feder- oder Fluidkompression im Druckspeicher 39 gespeichert werden, der beispielsweise als Feder- oder Blasenspeicher ausgestaltet sein kann. Das Befüllen 307, das Bedrucken 309 und das Nachfüllen 311 können zyklisch ablaufen während das Schneiden 305 kontinuierlich durchgeführt werden kann.Optionally, the
Optional kann der Druckspeicher 39 nach dem Bedrucken 309 der Schleusenkammer 21 durch Druckentladen des Druckspeichers 39 von der Hochdruckleitung 5 zunächst mittels des Druckspeicherventils 43 abgesperrt werden. Das Druckspeicherventil 43 kann vorzugsweise erst dann zum Druckbeladen des Druckspeichers 39 wieder geöffnet werden, wenn die Schleusenkammer 21 über die Drossel 41 aus der Hochdruckleitung 5 bedruckt wurde.Optionally, after printing 309 on
Das Bedrucken 309, 315 beginnt zum Zeitpunkt to. Während des ersten kurzen Zeitfensters A=t1-t0 wird nun die Schleusenkammer 21 auf bis zu 40% des nominellen Hochdrucks po aus der Druckentladung des Druckspeichers 39 bedruckt 309. Der Druckspeicher 39 ist dann bei t1 bis auf ein Minimum entladen und wird danach über das Druckspeicherventil 43 gemäß dem zweitem Ausführungsbeispiel in
Zwischen t2 und t3 ist das Nachfüllventil 19 geöffnet, sodass Abrasivmittel in den Druckbehälter 11 strömen kann. Zum Zeitpunkt t3 ist das Abrasivmittel vollständig aus der Schleusenkammer 21 in den Druckbehälter 11 geströmt und der Nachfüllschritt 311 abgeschlossen. Zum Befüllen 307 kann der Druck aus der Schleusenkammer 21 relativ schnell über das Druckablassventil 27 in den Ablauf 29 abgelassen werden bis bei t4 wieder Niederdruck in der Schleusenkammer 21 herrscht. Dann kann ein neuer Nachfüllzyklus beginnend mit dem Befüllen 307 der Schleusenkammer 21 starten. Der Druckspeicher 39 wird vorzugsweise möglichst langsam und gedrosselt von t2 an aus der Hochdruckleitung 5 wieder druckbeladen, um bei t0 wieder für das Bedrucken 309 voll druckgeladen zu sein. Der untere Graph zeigt den Druckabfall in der Hochdruckleitung 5 beim Öffnen des Bedruckungsventils 37 bei t0 bzw. des Druckspeicherventils 43 bei t2. Die Amplitude des Druckabfalls ist jeweils über die Drossel 41 auf ein Maß reduziert, bei dem die Schneidleistung des Schneidstrahls 9 nicht signifikant beeinträchtigt ist.The
In
Das Nachfüllventil 19, das vorzugsweise als Kugelhahn ausgebildet ist, hat eine vertikale Durchflussrichtung D von oben nach unten und weist einen zentral angeordneten und um eine zur Durchflussrichtung D senkrechte Drehachse R drehbaren Ventilkörper 67 mit sphärischen Außenflächen auf. Der Ventilkörper 67 weist eine zentrische Durchbrechung 69 auf, die in den in
Gemäß dem ersten Unteraspekt ist das Nachfüllventil 19 dazu in der Lage, eine erste Schließstellung (
Gemäß dem zweiten Unteraspekt ist der Ventilraum 71 in einer Schließstellung des Ventilkörpers 67 bedruckbar. Gemäß
Gemäß dem dritten Unteraspekt ist der Ventilraum wie beispielsweise in
Gemäß dem vierten Unteraspekt weist das Nachfüllventil den eingangsseitigen oberen Ventilsitz 73 und den ausgangsseitigen unteren Ventilsitz 75 auf, wobei mindestens einer der Ventilsitze 73, 75 verstellbar ist, sodass der Abstand der Ventilsitze 73, 75 zueinander einstellbar ist. Somit kann das Nachfüllventil 19 optimal eingestellt werden, um einerseits dicht zu sein und andererseits nicht zu blockieren. Es kann bei Inbetriebnahme der Anlage, bei Temperaturschwankungen, einer hartnäckigen Blockade durch Abrasivmittel und/oder materialverschleißbedingt ein Nachjustieren des Abstands der Ventilsitze 73, 75 zueinander vorteilhaft sein. Um dafür die Anlage nicht abschalten und auseinander bauen zu müssen, kann wie in
Der Ventilkörper 67 wird vorzugsweise über einen nicht gezeigten Servomotor kontrolliert um die Drehachse R gedreht. Dabei kann das ggf. gemessene Drehmoment oder die Leistungsaufnahme des Motors überwacht werden, sodass bei Überschreitung eines Schwellenwertes die Drehrichtung zur anderen Öffnungsstellung oder Schließstellung hin umgestellt werden kann. Alternativ oder zusätzlich können Drehmoment- oder Leistungsspitzen über einen bestimmten Zeitraum aufgezeichnet werden und basierend auf dieser Aufzeichnung ein Fehler- oder Wartungsfall signalisiert werden. Beispielsweise kann der Bedarf für ein Nachjustieren des Ventilsitzes 73 angezeigt werden.The
Das Nadelventil gemäß
Vorzugsweise sind die Nadelventile pneumatisch über einen Anpressteller (nicht gezeigt) betrieben. Um dem auf die Nadelspitze in Form der konischen Schließfläche 96 wirkenden Hochdruck entgegenzuwirken, kann ein Luftdruck auf den sehr viel größeren Anpressteller gegeben werden, sodass mit wenigen bar Luftdruck das Nadelventil geschlossen und gegen einen Hochdruck von 1.500 bar und mehr dicht gehalten werden kann.The needle valves are preferably operated pneumatically via a pressure plate (not shown). To counteract the high pressure acting on the needle tip in the form of the
Die nummerierten Bezeichnungen der Bauteile oder Bewegungsrichtungen als "erste", "zweite", "dritte" usw. sind hierin rein willkürlich zur Unterscheidung der Bauteile oder Bewegungsrichtungen untereinander gewählt und können beliebig anders gewählt werden. Es ist damit kein Bedeutungsrang verbunden.The numbered designations of the components or directions of movement as “first”, “second”, “third” etc. are chosen here purely arbitrarily to distinguish the components or directions of movement from one another and can be chosen differently as desired. It is not associated with any rank of importance.
- 1 -1 -
- Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-SchneidanlageWater-abrasive-suspension cutting system
- 3 -3 -
- HochdruckquelleHigh pressure source
- 5 -5 -
- HochdruckleitungHigh pressure line
- 7 -7 -
- AustrittsdüseOutlet nozzle
- 9 -9 -
- SchneidstrahlCutting beam
- 11 -11 -
- Druckbehälterpressure vessel
- 13 -13 -
- Wasser-Abrasivmittel-SuspensionWater-abrasive suspension
- 15 -15 -
- AbsperrventilShut-off valve
- 17 -17 -
- Drosselthrottle
- 19 -19 -
- NachfüllventilRefill valve
- 21 -21 -
- SchleusenkammerLock chamber
- 23 -23 -
- BefüllventilFilling valve
- 25 -25 -
- NachfülltrichterRefill funnel
- 27 -27 -
- DruckablassventilPressure relief valve
- 29 -29 -
- Ablaufprocedure
- 31 -31 -
- Pumpepump
- 33 -33 -
- PumpenabsperrventilPump shut-off valve
- 35 -35 -
- BedruckungseingangPrinting input
- 37 -37 -
- BedruckungsventilPressure valve
- 39 -39 -
- DruckspeicherPressure accumulator
- 41 -41 -
- Drosselthrottle
- 42 -42 -
- Drosselthrottle
- 43 -43 -
- DruckspeicherventilAccumulator valve
- 45 -45 -
- FörderhilfeFunding aid
- 47 -47 -
- FörderhilfeabsperrventilFunding aid shut-off valve
- 49 -49 -
- VentileingangValve inlet
- 51 -51 -
- VentilausgangValve outlet
- 53 -53 -
- DruckeinlassPressure inlet
- 55 -55 -
- SpülquelleRinsing source
- 57 -57 -
- erstes Spülventilfirst flush valve
- 59 -59 -
- zweites Spülventil bzw. Spülauslassventilsecond flush valve or flush outlet valve
- 61 -61 -
- drittes Spülventilthird flush valve
- 63 -63 -
- SpülauslassFlush outlet
- 65 -65 -
- Ablaufprocedure
- 66 -66 -
- SpüleinlassFlush inlet
- 67 -67 -
- VentilkörperValve body
- 68 -68 -
- EntnahmestelleTapping point
- 69 -69 -
- DurchbrechungBreakthrough
- 70 -70 -
- AbrasivmittelleitungAbrasive line
- 71 -71 -
- VentilraumValve space
- 72 -72 -
- FüllstandssensorLevel sensor
- 73 -73 -
- eingangsseitiger Ventilsitzinlet valve seat
- 74 -74 -
- FüllstandssensorLevel sensor
- 75 -75 -
- ausgangsseitiger Ventilsitzvalve seat on the outlet side
- 76 -76 -
- FüllstandssensorLevel sensor
- 77 -77 -
- AngriffsflächenAttack surfaces
- 78 -78 -
- VorladebehälterPre-loading container
- 80 -80 -
- Pumpepump
- 82 -82 -
- ÜberlaufOverflow
- 84 -84 -
- FörderschneckeAuger
- 85 -85 -
- FörderbandConveyor belt
- 86 -86 -
- ServomotorwelleServo motor shaft
- 88 -88 -
- Hebellever
- 90 -90 -
- WerkzeugöffnungTool opening
- 92 -92 -
- HochdruckeingangHigh pressure inlet
- 94 -94 -
- Nadelneedle
- 95 -95 -
- Niederdruckausgang/HochdruckausgangLow pressure outlet / high pressure outlet
- 96 -96 -
- konische Schließflächeconical closing surface
- 98 -98 -
- VentilsitzValve seat
- 100 -100 -
- SpüleinlassFlush inlet
- 102 -102 -
- Rückschlagventilcheck valve
- 301 -301 -
- Bereitstellen von Wasser unter hohem Druck in der HochdruckleitungProviding water under high pressure in the high pressure line
- 303 -303 -
- Bereitstellen einer unter Druck stehenden Abrasivmittelsuspension in dem DruckbehälterProviding a pressurized abrasive suspension in the pressure vessel
- 305 -305 -
- Schneiden eines Materials mittels eines HochdruckstrahlsCutting a material using a high pressure jet
- 307 -307 -
- Befüllen einer unbedruckten Schleusenkammer mit Abrasivmittel oder einer Wasser-Abrasivmittel-SuspensionFilling an unprinted lock chamber with abrasive or a water-abrasive suspension
- 308 -308 -
- Absperren der Pumpe von der SchleusenkammerShut off the pump from the lock chamber
- 309 -309 -
- Bedrucken der Schleusenkammer durch Druckentladen des DruckspeichersPrinting of the lock chamber by depressurizing the pressure accumulator
- 311 -311 -
- Nachfüllen des Druckbehälters mit AbrasivmittelRefilling the pressure vessel with abrasive
- 313 -313 -
- Druckbeladen des DruckspeichersPressure loading of the accumulator
- 315 -315 -
- Bedrucken der Schleusenkammer über die Drossel aus der HochdruckleitungPrinting of the lock chamber via the throttle from the high pressure line
- A -A -
- erstes Zeitfensterfirst time window
- B -B -
- zweites Zeitfenstersecond time window
- R -R -
- DrehachseAxis of rotation
- D -D -
- DurchflussrichtungFlow direction
- F1 -F 1 -
- FüllstandskegelLevel cone
- F2 -F 2 -
- FüllstandskegelLevel cone
- Fmax -F max -
- maximaler Füllstandskegelmaximum level cone
- Fmin -F min -
- minimaler Füllstandskegelminimum level cone
Claims (15)
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility (1), with- a high-pressure source (3) for providing (301) water at a high pressure,- a high-pressure conduit (5) which is connected to the high-pressure source (3),- a pressure tank (11) for providing (303) an abrasive agent suspension (13) which is at a high pressure,- a lock chamber (21) which is designed to temporarily be at a high pressure and temporarily at a low pressure, and- a filling valve (23) for filling (311) the lock chamber (21) when this is at a low pressure, characterised in thata pump (31) at the suction side is fluid-connected to the lock chamber (21) in a manner capable of being shut off, in a manner such that given high pressure in the lock chamber (21) the pump (31) is shut off from this and given low pressure in the lock chamber (21) the pump is in the position of sucking an abrasive agent suspension through the filling valve (23) into the lock chamber (21).
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility (1) according to claim 1, wherein a pump shut-off valve (33) is arranged between the pump (31) and the lock chamber (21).
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility (1) according to claim 2, wherein the pump shut-off valve (33) is a needle valve.
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility (1) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the pump shut-off valve (33) can be purged.
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pump (31) is connected at the delivery side to a refilling funnel (25) which at the exit side is fluid-connected to the entry side of the filling valve (23).
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pump (31) at the suction side is fluid-connected to an upper region of the lock chamber (21) in a manner capable of being shut off.
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pump (31) is a membrane pump.
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the lock chamber (21) can be relieved of pressure via a pressure relief valve (27) in the form of a purgable needle valve.
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility (1) according to claim (8), wherein the pressure relief valve (27) comprises a check valve (102) at a purge inlet (100).
- A method for the water-abrasive suspension cutting, with the steps:- providing (301) water at a high pressure in a high-pressure conduit (5) by way of a high-pressure source (3),- providing (303) an abrasive agent suspension (13) which is at a high pressure in a pressure tank (11),- cutting (305) a material by way of a high-pressure jet (9) which at least partly comprises the abrasive agent suspension, amid the removal of the abrasive agent suspension (13) from the pressure tank (11),- filling (307) a lock chamber (21) which is at a low pressure with abrasive agent amid at least temporal sucking of an abrasive agent suspension into the lock chamber (21) by way of a pump (31) which can be shut off from the lock chamber (21),- shutting off (308) the pump (31) from the lock chamber (21),- pressurising (309) the lock chamber (21) to a high pressure, and- refilling (311) the pressure tank (11) with abrasive agent from the lock chamber (21) which is at high pressure, into the pressure tank (11).
- A method according to claim 10, wherein the shutting-off (308) of the pump (33) from the lock chamber (21) is effected by a pump shut-off valve (33) in the form of a needle valve.
- A method according to claim 10 or 11, further comprising a purging of a pump shut-off valve (33) which is arranged between the pump (31) and the lock chamber (21).
- A method according to one of the claims 10 to 12, wherein the filling (307), shutting-off (308), pressurising (309) and refilling (311) take their course successively and cyclically during the cutting (305).
- A method according to one of the claims 10 to 13, further comprising a pressure relief of the lock chamber (21) from high pressure to low pressure after the refilling of the pressure tank (11).
- A method according to claim 14, wherein the pressure relief is effected into a discharge (29) via a pressure relief valve (27) in the form of a purgable needle valve.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL17717102T PL3600767T3 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2017-03-31 | Water-abrasive-suspension cutting system and method for water-abrasive-suspension cutting |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2017/057784 WO2018177557A1 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2017-03-31 | Water-abrasive-suspension cutting system and method for water-abrasive-suspension cutting |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3600767A1 EP3600767A1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
EP3600767B1 true EP3600767B1 (en) | 2021-01-13 |
Family
ID=58544916
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17717102.2A Active EP3600767B1 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2017-03-31 | Water-abrasive-suspension cutting system and method for water-abrasive-suspension cutting |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11904435B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3600767B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP7097384B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20190134716A (en) |
CN (1) | CN110719827B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2017407667A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112019019228A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA3058489C (en) |
MX (1) | MX2019011569A (en) |
PL (1) | PL3600767T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018177557A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113561064A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-10-29 | 重庆交通大学 | Construction method of water floater cutting system |
Family Cites Families (18)
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US3521407A (en) * | 1967-06-13 | 1970-07-21 | Carborundum Co | Metal cleaning device |
CN1015525B (en) * | 1988-10-25 | 1992-02-19 | 淮南矿业学院 | Front mixing abrasive jet stream cleaning cutter |
GB2232620A (en) * | 1989-06-15 | 1990-12-19 | British Hydromechanics | Feeding abrasive material |
JP2963158B2 (en) * | 1990-07-24 | 1999-10-12 | 株式会社不二精機製造所 | Slurry pumping type blasting machine |
JPH10329890A (en) * | 1997-05-30 | 1998-12-15 | Koei:Kk | Powder particle supplying device |
ES2220318T3 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2004-12-16 | Ant Applied New Technologies Ag | PROCEDURE FOR FILLING A PRESSURE DEPOSIT AND DEVICE FOR GENERATING A JET OF A SUSPENSION. |
EP1208944A1 (en) * | 2000-11-24 | 2002-05-29 | ANT Applied New Technologies AG | Method for filling pressurised container and device for producing a jet of slurry |
SG115439A1 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2005-10-28 | Jetsis Int Pte Ltd | Method and apparatus for abrasive recycling and waste separation system |
EP1859901A1 (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2007-11-28 | ANT Applied New Technologies AG | Device for abrasive liquid suspension blasting |
JP2008136913A (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-06-19 | Optrex Corp | Cleaning apparatus |
JP2009166201A (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2009-07-30 | Tectoria:Kk | Feeding device |
CN201366657Y (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2009-12-23 | 纪新刚 | Small-sized low-pressure premixing water cutting equipment |
CN201385260Y (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2010-01-20 | 任保林 | High-pressure pre-mixing type abrasive suspension water jet cutting and cleaning device |
DE102009043697A1 (en) * | 2009-10-01 | 2011-04-07 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Method for machining workpieces by means of a abrasive-containing water jet emerging from a nozzle under high pressure, water-jet system for carrying out the method and application of the method |
EP2755802B1 (en) | 2011-09-14 | 2016-04-06 | ANT Applied New Technologies AG | Device for waterjet cutting with abrasive |
CN103100984B (en) * | 2013-03-11 | 2015-03-04 | 重庆大学 | Abrasive automatic feeding device and using method |
US11260503B2 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2022-03-01 | Flow International Corporation | Abrasive slurry delivery systems and methods |
NO3126094T3 (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2018-06-30 |
-
2017
- 2017-03-31 US US16/498,767 patent/US11904435B2/en active Active
- 2017-03-31 JP JP2019553472A patent/JP7097384B2/en active Active
- 2017-03-31 WO PCT/EP2017/057784 patent/WO2018177557A1/en active Application Filing
- 2017-03-31 KR KR1020197032244A patent/KR20190134716A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-03-31 CN CN201780091539.4A patent/CN110719827B/en active Active
- 2017-03-31 EP EP17717102.2A patent/EP3600767B1/en active Active
- 2017-03-31 MX MX2019011569A patent/MX2019011569A/en unknown
- 2017-03-31 AU AU2017407667A patent/AU2017407667A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-03-31 PL PL17717102T patent/PL3600767T3/en unknown
- 2017-03-31 CA CA3058489A patent/CA3058489C/en active Active
- 2017-03-31 BR BR112019019228A patent/BR112019019228A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA3058489A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
US20210101255A1 (en) | 2021-04-08 |
WO2018177557A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
PL3600767T3 (en) | 2021-08-16 |
JP7097384B2 (en) | 2022-07-07 |
MX2019011569A (en) | 2019-11-18 |
JP2020515422A (en) | 2020-05-28 |
KR20190134716A (en) | 2019-12-04 |
EP3600767A1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
AU2017407667A1 (en) | 2019-10-17 |
CN110719827A (en) | 2020-01-21 |
CN110719827B (en) | 2021-11-09 |
CA3058489C (en) | 2024-02-13 |
BR112019019228A2 (en) | 2020-04-14 |
US11904435B2 (en) | 2024-02-20 |
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