EP3126094B1 - Water-abrasive-suspension cutting system - Google Patents
Water-abrasive-suspension cutting system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3126094B1 EP3126094B1 EP14727715.6A EP14727715A EP3126094B1 EP 3126094 B1 EP3126094 B1 EP 3126094B1 EP 14727715 A EP14727715 A EP 14727715A EP 3126094 B1 EP3126094 B1 EP 3126094B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- lock chamber
- abrasive
- water
- piston
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 d. H. In particular Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/04—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass
- B24C1/045—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass for cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
- B24C3/08—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants essentially adapted for abrasive blasting of travelling stock or travelling workpieces
- B24C3/10—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants essentially adapted for abrasive blasting of travelling stock or travelling workpieces for treating external surfaces
- B24C3/12—Apparatus using nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
- B24C7/0007—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a liquid carrier
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
- B24C7/0007—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a liquid carrier
- B24C7/0015—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a liquid carrier with control of feed parameters, e.g. feed rate of abrasive material or carrier
- B24C7/0023—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a liquid carrier with control of feed parameters, e.g. feed rate of abrasive material or carrier of feed pressure
Definitions
- the invention relates to a water-abrasive suspension cutting system with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
- a water-abrasive suspension cutting system which has a lock with a lock chamber, which makes it possible to introduce abrasive during operation in the high-pressure region of the cutting system.
- the water-abrasive suspension cutting system has, in a known manner, at least one high-pressure source which provides a carrier liquid, in particular water under high pressure.
- a carrier liquid in particular water under high pressure.
- This is for example a high-pressure pump.
- Water may also find other suitable carrier fluids use.
- at least one outlet nozzle is provided from which the high-pressure suspension of carrier liquid, d. H. preferably water, and an abrasive can be applied.
- the exit gland may be formed in a known manner for cutting or for the surface treatment of materials.
- the discharge nozzle is connected to the high-pressure source via a high-pressure line or a high-pressure flow path in which an abrasive is mixed under high pressure with the water provided by the high-pressure source.
- the high pressure source provides carrier liquid under a very high pressure, preferably a pressure of up to 2500 bar or higher.
- the high pressure line can run at least in a partial flow through a pressure vessel in which abrasive is, so that the abrasive from the pressure vessel is taken from the carrier liquid and a suspension is formed.
- an abrasive-supply lock which has an inlet-side shut-off device and an outlet-side shut-off device with one between them Lock chamber has.
- the input-side obturator be closed and an increase in pressure in the lock chamber are made, whereupon the second obturator can be opened and the contents of the lock chamber under high pressure in the high pressure line into, for example, a pressure vessel can empty into it.
- the shut-off devices may be formed, for example, as ball valves.
- the lock chamber according to the invention is connected to a suction device, which, when the first obturator is opened, can be activated to generate a negative pressure in the lock chamber , By such a negative pressure generated by the suction device, the abrasive is sucked through the open inlet-side obturator in the lock chamber, d. H. an inflow of the abrasive in the lock chamber is supported by at least a negative pressure in the lock chamber.
- an abrasive accumulator is arranged, from which the abrasive is moved by gravity into the lock chamber, said movement is at least supported by said negative pressure.
- the abrasive storage can be used as a hopper, d. H. be designed as a hopper, wherein in the abrasive storage, the abrasive preferably with carrier liquid, d. H. In particular, water is kept mixed, so that the abrasive can be introduced without air inclusions from the outside into the lock chamber.
- the suction device is preferably formed as a cylinder in which a piston is movable, wherein one end of the cylinder to the Lock chamber is opened towards or connected to this.
- a piston is movable, wherein one end of the cylinder to the Lock chamber is opened towards or connected to this.
- the volume in the cylinder increases, whereby liquid is sucked from the lock chamber connected to this end of the cylinder and so in the lock chamber a negative pressure or a suction is generated, by which Input side obturator abrasive can be sucked into the lock chamber.
- the piston is preferably movable via an electric, pneumatic or hydraulic drive.
- the drive is controlled by a control device such that, when the first obturator is opened, the piston is moved away from the first end of the cylinder, which is connected to the lock chamber, to generate a negative pressure in the lock chamber.
- the piston and the cylinder are formed such that the piston in the cylinder is linearly movable.
- the piston is suitably sealed against the inner wall of the cylinder.
- the piston is hydraulically movable, ie it has a hydraulic drive, wherein the piston is connected to a drive piston in a drive cylinder and the drive piston in the interior of the drive cylinder for movement of the piston with carrier liquid from the high-pressure line can be acted upon. So can be dispensed with a separate hydraulic to drive the piston. Instead, the pressure of the carrier liquid in the high-pressure region or in the high-pressure line can be used to move the piston in the suction device.
- the drive piston may be arranged with the piston of the suction device in a common cylinder. However, it can also be provided separate cylinder.
- the drive piston and the piston of the suction device preferably move along the same axis and are suitably, preferably firmly, connected to one another for the transmission of force and movement. It is also possible to arrange the piston of the suction device and the drive piston in a different manner relative to each other, for example, side by side, and to couple together for common movement in a suitable manner.
- the application of carrier fluid from the high-pressure line to the drive cylinder is preferably effected by valves actuated by a control device, i. H. in particular causes electrically or pneumatically actuated valves.
- the drive cylinder is further preferably connected to the high-pressure line via at least one valve on at least one side of the drive piston.
- the valve is opened, so the cylinder is filled with carrier liquid from the high-pressure line and the drive piston is pressurized on one side, so that the drive piston can be moved in a side facing away from this side in the drive cylinder.
- the piston of the suction device is correspondingly moved in order to generate the negative pressure in the lock chamber.
- the lock chamber opens via its outlet-side obturator in a pressure vessel, which is located in the high pressure line or a branch of the high pressure line.
- the lock chamber is arranged vertically above the pressure vessel, so that the contents of the lock chamber can be emptied by gravity in the pressure vessel with open outlet-side obturator.
- the pressure vessel may be the area in which, as described above, the high-pressure carrier liquid mixed with the abrasive to form a suspension. Ie. by the flow of the carrier liquid, the abrasive is rinsed out of the pressure vessel. The slurry flow downstream of the pressure vessel then enters the exit nozzle and is applied by this. In this case, only a partial flow or one of a plurality of parallel flow paths of the high-pressure line is preferably guided through such a pressure vessel.
- a main branch of the high-pressure line extends past the pressure vessel and the pressure vessel is located in a side branch parallel to the main branch, the main branch and the secondary branch merging upstream of the outlet nozzle.
- the main branch forms a bypass, which is not guided by the pressure vessel.
- Only the flow in the secondary branch is used in this embodiment to promote the abrasive from the pressure vessel. Ie. in the pressure vessel, first the flow from the side branch mixes with abrasive and promotes the abrasive to a mixing point at which merge branch and main branch. There, the suspension from the side branch is then further diluted by the flow in the main branch and it forms the suspension, which then further downstream of the outlet nozzle exits.
- the lock chamber is connected via a pressure line to the high pressure line, wherein in the pressure line, a first pressure compensation valve is arranged in the form of a shut-off valve and wherein by opening this first pressure compensation valve, the lock chamber is pressurized.
- the shut-off valve may be formed in any suitable manner for switching a high pressure, as mentioned above.
- the shut-off valve is designed as a needle valve.
- the shut-off valve can be actuated electrically, pneumatically, hydraulically or in another suitable manner and is preferably controlled by a control device of the overall system.
- shut-off valve By opening the shut-off valve is a connection between the high pressure area, ie between the high pressure line and the lock chamber made so that carrier liquid can flow under high pressure into the lock chamber and so can increase the pressure in the lock chamber to the substantially same level as in the high pressure line.
- the pressure in the lock chamber can be increased before the outlet-side shut-off element is opened.
- a pressure equalization with the high pressure line is made before opening the output-side obturator.
- the lock chamber is connected to a drain line, which is connected via a second pressure compensating valve in the form of a shut-off valve with a non-pressurized flow, wherein by opening the second pressure compensation valve, the drain line can be opened to the non-pressurized flow.
- the second pressure compensation valve can be configured in a corresponding manner to the above-mentioned pressure compensation valve.
- the second pressure compensation valve is used to reduce the pressure in the interior of the lock chamber after closing the output-side obturator and before opening the input-side obturator, in particular substantially to reduce the ambient pressure. Only when the pressure in the lock chamber has been correspondingly reduced, then the input-side obturator is opened to refill the lock chamber again with abrasive.
- the lock chamber can be connected to a drain line which ends in a pressure chamber of a rechargeable battery.
- a drain line which ends in a pressure chamber of a rechargeable battery.
- This may be a separate drain line or the drain line, which additionally opens via a shut-off valve in a non-pressurized drain.
- the discharge line which is connected to the pressure chamber of an accumulator, it is possible, the pressure in the lock chamber in the accumulator reduce, so that no or less liquid from the lock chamber must be discharged to the outside. It can thus be a pressure equalization or a pressure reduction in a closed system.
- the accumulator is more preferably a cylinder accumulator and the discharge line is connected to a first pressure chamber of the cylinder accumulator, in which a piston, which separates the first pressure chamber from a second pressure chamber, is arranged to be movable.
- the second pressure chamber is preferably via at least one valve pressure and pressure relieved.
- the piston When the piston is in a first position, in which it minimizes the first pressure chamber, the second pressure chamber can be relieved of pressure via a valve, so that liquid or water can flow out of the lock chamber into the first pressure chamber via the outlet conduit, wherein the piston moves into the second pressure chamber and reduces it as the first pressure chamber increases.
- the piston By pressurizing the second pressure chamber, the piston can be moved back to its original position.
- a back pressure can be built up via the second pressure chamber, so that the movement speed of the piston can be controlled or reduced, so that a slow pressure reduction in the lock chamber is possible.
- the second pressure chamber of the cylinder accumulator is further preferably connected via at least one valve switchable to the high pressure line or a non-pressurized outlet.
- the valve can be used in any suitable Way, for example, be designed as a needle valve.
- the valve may have, for example, an electric, pneumatic or hydraulic drive and is preferably controlled by a central control device which controls the filling process.
- the valve communicates the second pressure chamber of the cylinder accumulator with the high-pressure line, the second pressure chamber is supplied with liquid from the high-pressure line, so that the piston in the cylinder accumulator in the first pressure chamber or in the direction of the first pressure chamber are moved can, so that it is reduced.
- valve When the valve is switched to communicate the second pressure space with a non-pressurized outlet, simultaneously closing the connection to the high-pressure line, the piston may move toward the second pressure space so that the first pressure space increases to expel liquid to absorb the lock chamber.
- switching operations can be realized by a suitable valve circuit of one or more valves.
- two separate valves may be provided, with one valve opening or closing the connection to the high pressure line and a second valve opening or closing a connection to the non-pressure outlet.
- a throttle in the drain line upstream of the accumulator, i. H. in particular of the cylinder accumulator be arranged a throttle. This ensures a slower pressure reduction of the pressure in the lock chamber by throttling the flow of liquid from the lock chamber to the accumulator.
- At least one pressure accumulator is arranged in the high-pressure line or connected to the high-pressure line.
- This pressure accumulator can be designed, for example, as an additional volume filled with high-pressure carrier fluid or, for example, as a bladder accumulator be.
- the pressure accumulator serves to reduce a pressure drop in the high-pressure region, ie in the high-pressure line, when a pressure equalization takes place in the lock chamber from the high-pressure region or the high-pressure line. For example, when a first pressure compensating valve, as described above, is opened, a connection is established between the lock chamber, in which initially atmospheric pressure prevails, and the high-pressure line.
- the lock chamber is connected via the inlet-side obturator with an outlet of Abrasivstoff Itemss, wherein in the output of a movable closure member is arranged, which is hollow and open to an upper and a lower end, wherein the closure element with its lower end closes the outlet and extends with its upper end over a maximum level for the abrasive out addition.
- the abrasive accumulator may for example be formed as a hopper, wherein the output of the hopper is located at its lower tapered end. This outlet opens into the inlet-side obturator of the lock chamber.
- the closure element is provided, which closes the output, for example in the form of a plug.
- the output can be opened and closed.
- the shutter member is preferably formed so as to have a lower opening which is opened into the exit and hollow in its interior.
- the cavity in the interior of the closure element provides a Connection to a second opening at the upper end of the closure element ago.
- the closure element is formed so long or has an upwardly extending axial extension, that the opening is located at the upper end above the maximum level for the abrasive in the Abrasivstoff Items.
- the abrasive storage is preferably equipped with a level monitoring for both the abrasive and for liquid, so that it is always ensured that a liquid-abrasive mixture is present in the abrasive storage.
- the described closure element preferably has a closure plug at its lower end, through which extends to the upper end a tubular extension which establishes the connection between the two open ends.
- the closure element with the passage in its interior has the further advantage that it is possible to supply the abrasive by means of the Locking element to prevent, even if the input-side obturator is still open. In this state, it is then possible, in particular, for water or carrier fluid to be able to flow further through the closure element and the inlet-side obturator through the opening in the interior of the closure element, while the supply of abrasive medium is prevented, for example, by the closure stopper at the lower end of the closure element. This makes it possible to flush the input-side shut-off device with carrier liquid or water in order to make it substantially free of abrasive agent before the closing of the input-side shut-off device.
- water-abrasive suspension cutting machine has a high pressure source in the form of a high-pressure pump 2, which is connected via a high pressure area or a high pressure line 4 with an outlet nozzle 6.
- the high-pressure pump 2 provides water as a carrier fluid under high pressure, wherein the pressure can be up to 2500 bar or more.
- the main line 8 runs directly from the high-pressure pump 2 to the outlet nozzle 6, while the secondary branch 10 branches off from this main branch 8 and forms a bypass, which passes through a pressure vessel 12 runs.
- an abrasive such as a mineral abrasive such as garnet sand, corundum, olivine or river sand.
- a mixing between the abrasive and the water occurs, so that the water entrains the abrasive, or rinses out of the pressure vessel 12.
- the secondary stream 8 opens on the output side of the pressure vessel 12 again in the main stream 8 and thus mixes this entrained from the pressure vessel 12 abrasive, so in the mixing point 14, the final suspension is formed, which then emerges from the outlet nozzle 6 to the outside.
- a valve not shown here, may be provided to shut off the sub-branch 10, whereby then the supply of abrasive to the water flow can be switched off.
- an abrasive agent supply lock 16 is provided according to the invention.
- This has a lock chamber 18, which consists of an inlet region 20 and an intermediate container 22.
- the lock chamber 18 is arranged vertically above the pressure vessel 12 and separated therefrom by an outlet-side obturator in the form of an outlet-side ball valve 24.
- At the upper end the lock chamber 18 has an input-side ball valve 26, which forms an inlet-side obturator.
- a hopper 28 is arranged, which is based on FIGS. 4 and 5 will be described in more detail.
- a suction device 30 which here has a cylinder 32 with a linearly movable piston 34 in this.
- the piston 34 is fixedly connected to a drive piston 36 which is linearly movable in an axially adjoining the cylinder 32 drive cylinder 38.
- a pressure line 40 which branches off from the high-pressure line 4, in this case the secondary branch 10, opens into the lock chamber 18.
- a first pressure compensation valve 42 is arranged in the pressure line 40.
- the lock chamber 18 is connected to a drain line 44, in which a second pressure compensation valve 46 is arranged and which downstream of the second pressure compensation valve 46 opens into a non-pressurized drain 48.
- a first pressure transducer 50 and at the lock chamber 18, a second pressure transducer 52 is arranged. Furthermore, the pressure line 4 still has an accumulator in the form of a pressure accumulator 54.
- a hydraulic drive is provided for the piston 34 of the suction device 30, which is formed by the drive cylinder and the drive piston 36.
- the drive cylinder 38 is connected at a first, the piston 34 facing side of the drive piston 36 via a valve 56 to the high pressure line 4.
- the drive cylinder 38 is connected to a second side of the drive piston 36, which faces away from the piston 34, via a further valve 58 also connected to the high-pressure line 4.
- a drain valve 60 is arranged.
- a drain valve 62 is arranged at the connection of the valve 58 to the drive cylinder 38.
- a check valve 64, 66 is also arranged in each case.
- valve 56 In order to move the piston 34 back in the direction of the lock chamber 18, the valve 56 is closed. Also, the drain valve 62 is closed. Conversely, then the drain valve 60 and the valve 58 are opened, so that the piston 34 remote from the side of the drive piston 36 is pressurized and so the drive piston 36 and the piston 34 are moved back in the opposite direction.
- the filling of the pressure vessel 12 with abrasive is now as follows. First, by short-term Opening the second pressure compensation valve 46, the interior of the lock chamber 18 relieved of existing residual pressure, wherein liquid flows from the inlet region 20 via the drain line 44 into the drain 48. Thereafter, the pressure compensating valve 46 is closed again. Further, the piston 34 is moved by the drive described above in a first end position in which it is located at the end facing the lock chamber 18 end, ie the drive cylinder 38 facing away from the end of the cylinder 32. Ie. in this state, the volume of the cylinder 32 facing the lock chamber 18 and connected thereto is minimal. During this movement of the piston 34, the input-side ball valve 26 is open when the pressure compensation valve 46 is closed.
- the drive cylinder is pressurized so that the drive piston 36 is moved forward together with the piston 34, that is, moved toward the lock chamber 18, so that the volume of the lock chamber 18 in the cylinder 32 decreases.
- the piston 34 contributes to the pressure build-up in the interior of the lock chamber 18.
- the first pressure compensation valve 42 is opened, whereby the lock chamber 18 is acted upon by the pressure in the high-pressure line 4 or in the high-pressure region. Ie. There is a substantially complete pressure equalization between the high pressure line 4 and the lock chamber 18 instead. This is monitored by the pressure transducer 50 and 52. In order to minimize the pressure drop in the high pressure line 4 at this pressure equalization, a pressure accumulator 54 is present at this.
- the outlet-side ball valve 24 of the lock chamber 18 is opened, whereby the abrasive from the lock chamber 18, ie the intermediate container of the lock chamber 18 due to gravity in the pressure vessel 12 passes.
- the pressure compensation valve 42 preferably remains open to allow drainage of the buffer memory 22 during its emptying. That is, via the pressure compensation valve 42 and the pressure line 40 can flow carrier liquid or water into the lock chamber 18, while the abrasive from the buffer 22 passes through the open ball valve 24 into the pressure vessel 12.
- the output-side ball valve 24 is closed again. In this case, the pressure compensation valve 42 is closed.
- a pressure equalization between the lock chamber 18 and the atmosphere by the valve 56 is opened when the valve is closed, whereby the drive piston 36 together with the piston 34 backwards, that is moved away from the lock chamber 18.
- the lock chamber 18 facing volume of the cylinder 32 is increased and the pressure in the lock chamber 18 is reduced.
- the second pressure compensating valve 46 is opened to the outlet 48 for complete pressure equalization.
- the drive piston 36 is pressurized so that the piston 34 is moved in the cylinder 32 again in its lock chamber 18 facing the end position, while the liquid from the cylinder 32 back into the Lock chamber 18 is pressed and out of this through the open input-side ball valve 26 into the hopper 28, as shown in the FIGS. 4 and 5 will be explained.
- the outlet of the hopper 28 is opened again and the filling of the lock chamber 18 begins again.
- FIG. 2 shows a second variant of a water-abrasive suspension cutting system according to the invention, which is identical in essential parts to the system according to FIG. 1 is constructed.
- the drain valves 60 and 62 and the check valves 64 and 66 may be arranged.
- the drain line 44 is connected via a throttle 68th additionally an accumulator in the form of a cylinder accumulator 70 is connected.
- the discharge line 44 is connected via the throttle 68 with a first pressure chamber 72 of the cylinder accumulator 70.
- the first pressure chamber 72 is separated by a longitudinally displaceable piston 74 from a second pressure chamber 76 in the interior of the cylinder accumulator 70.
- the second pressure chamber 76 is connected via a first valve 78 to the pressure line 4 and via a second valve 80 to a drain 82 which has ambient pressure or atmospheric pressure.
- the pressure relief ie the pressure equalization of the lock chamber 18 to the ambient pressure so done in two steps.
- the pressure equalization takes place via the cylinder accumulator 70 in that the second valve 80, which forms a drain valve, is opened to the outlet 82.
- FIG. 3 A third embodiment of the invention is in FIG. 3 shown. This embodiment essentially corresponds to that in FIG. 2 shown Embodiment with the only difference that for the drive of the piston 34 of the suction device 30, a separate pneumatic drive via the pneumatic ports 84 and 86 is provided on the drive cylinder 38.
- the pneumatic ports 84 and 86 are pressurized in accordance with the foregoing description of the hydraulic variant to move the drive piston 36 together with the piston 34.
- a separate pneumatic control system is connected accordingly, which may preferably be used when other elements of the system, in particular valves, such as the pressure compensation valves 42 and 46 are pneumatically operated.
- the function of the hopper 28 is based on the FIGS. 4 and 5 described in more detail.
- the hopper 28 has at its lower end to an outlet 88, which as described above above the input-side ball valve 26 of the lock chamber 18 is arranged.
- the hopper 18 is filled in operation with water 90 and abrasive 92 so that the abrasive 92 enters the lock chamber 18 in the wet state, so that the passage of air into the lock chamber 18 is prevented.
- the inlet of the abrasive into the lock chamber 18 is controlled not only by the inlet-side ball valve 26, but additionally via a closure element 94 in the hopper 28.
- the closure member 94 has at its lower end a closure plug 96 which is formed so that it the inside of the inlet funnel 28 can sealingly engage the outlet 88 as in FIG. 4 shown. In this state, no abrasive agent 92 can enter the exit 88.
- the closure member 94 has a tube 98 which extends through the stopper 96 to the outlet 88 and at its lower End has a lower opening 100.
- the tube 98 extends from the stopper 96 upwards over the water level 102 to a arranged at the top of the hopper 28 pneumatic cylinder 104.
- the tube 58 is vertically movable, so that it, as in FIG. 5 shown, can be moved together with the closure plug 96 in a vertically upper position in which the sealing plug 96 is removed from the inner wall of the hopper 28, so that an annular gap 106 is released, through which the abrasive 92 can flow into the outlet 88.
- any other suitable linear drive could be used to move the tube 98 with the stopper 96, ie, to move the stopper 94 in the vertical direction.
- the tube 98 has an upper opening 108, which opens at the outer periphery of the tube 98.
- the upper opening 108 is located above the level, ie the maximum level 110 for the abrasive 92. This prevents in the in FIG. 4 shown closed state of the hopper 28 abrasive 92 can pass through the upper opening 108 in the output 88.
- the exit 88 is closed in the state and can only be opened by lifting the closure element 94 vertically.
- it is open for water, which flows from below from the lock chamber 18 upon return movement of the piston 34 through the input-side ball valve 26. Ie. this water, which is displaced upon return movement of the piston 34 and optionally the piston 74 from the lock chamber 18, can enter the lower opening 100 of the tube 98 and exit through the upper opening 108 above the abrasive 92 into the hopper 28.
- the tube 98 has a further function, namely, that before the closing of the input-side ball valve 26, this can be rinsed to remove abrasive from the ball valve 26.
- the abrasive agent supply is interrupted by lowering the closure element 94 before the end of the suction movement of the piston 34. Due to the further suction movement of the piston 34 but then in the lock chamber 18 is still a negative pressure, so that water from the hopper via the upper opening 108, is sucked through the tube 98 from the lower opening 100 and flows through the still open ball valve 26 , Only after this flushing the ball valve 26 is then closed, as described with reference to Figures 1 - 3 for the filling.
- sensors not shown here for monitoring the water level 102 and the level 110 of the abrasive 92 may be arranged to automatically refill water and abrasive can.
- These can be eg photoelectric barriers.
- Other level sensors, for example in the form of light barriers can be arranged on the intermediate container 22 and the pressure vessel 12.
- About level sensors on the pressure vessel 12 can be detected when it must be filled.
- About level sensors on the intermediate container 22 can be detected when it is completely emptied, so that the lower ball valve 24 can be closed again. It can also be detected when the intermediate container 22 is sufficiently filled with abrasive before the Abrasivffenzuzen is interrupted from the hopper 28.
- the entire filling process can be automated via a control device.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage mit den im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen.The invention relates to a water-abrasive suspension cutting system with the features specified in the preamble of
Aus
Im Hinblick auf dieses Problem ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage dahingehend zu verbessern, dass im laufenden Betrieb eine größere Abrasivmittelmenge pro Zeiteinheit in den Hochdruckbereich eingebracht werden kann.In view of this problem, it is an object of the invention to improve a water-abrasive suspension cutting system to the effect that during operation a larger amount of abrasive per unit time can be introduced into the high pressure area.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage mit den in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sowie den beigefügten Figuren. Dabei ist zu verstehen, dass die nachfolgend beschriebenen Merkmale jeweils einzeln oder in Kombination miteinander verwirklicht werden können.This object is achieved by a water-abrasive suspension cutting system having the features specified in
Die erfindungsgemäße Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage weist in bekannter Weise zumindest eine Hochdruckquelle auf, welche eine Trägerflüssigkeit, wie insbesondere Wasser unter hohem Druck bereitstellt. Dies ist beispielsweise eine Hochdruckpumpe. Anstelle von z.B. Wasser können auch andere geeignete Trägerflüssigkeiten Verwendung finden. Ferner ist zumindest eine Austrittsdüse vorgesehen, aus welcher die unter Hochdruck stehende Suspension aus Trägerflüssigkeit, d. h. vorzugsweise Wasser, und einem Abrasivmittel ausgebracht werden kann. Die Austrittsdrüse kann in bekannter Weise zum Schneiden oder auch zur Oberflächenbearbeitung von Materialien ausgebildet sein. Die Austrittsdüse ist mit der Hochdruckquelle über eine Hochdruckleitung bzw. einen Hochdruckströmungsweg verbunden, in welchem dem von der Hochdruckquelle bereitgestellten Wasser unter hohem Druck ein Abrasivmittel zugemischt wird. Die Hochdruckquelle stellt Trägerflüssigkeit unter einen sehr hohen Druck, vorzugsweise einen Druck bis 2500 bar oder höher, bereit. Beim Zumischen des Abrasivmittels kann die Hochdruckleitung zumindest in einem Teilstrom durch einen Druckbehälter verlaufen, in welchem sich Abrasivmittel befindet, sodass das Abrasivmittel aus dem Druckbehälter von der Trägerflüssigkeit mitgenommen wird und eine Suspension gebildet wird.The water-abrasive suspension cutting system according to the invention has, in a known manner, at least one high-pressure source which provides a carrier liquid, in particular water under high pressure. This is for example a high-pressure pump. Instead of e.g. Water may also find other suitable carrier fluids use. Furthermore, at least one outlet nozzle is provided from which the high-pressure suspension of carrier liquid, d. H. preferably water, and an abrasive can be applied. The exit gland may be formed in a known manner for cutting or for the surface treatment of materials. The discharge nozzle is connected to the high-pressure source via a high-pressure line or a high-pressure flow path in which an abrasive is mixed under high pressure with the water provided by the high-pressure source. The high pressure source provides carrier liquid under a very high pressure, preferably a pressure of up to 2500 bar or higher. When admixing the abrasive, the high pressure line can run at least in a partial flow through a pressure vessel in which abrasive is, so that the abrasive from the pressure vessel is taken from the carrier liquid and a suspension is formed.
Um im laufenden Betrieb der Schneidanlage Abrasivmittel aus einem Bereich mit Umgebungsdruck in den Hochdruckbereich zwischen der Hochdruckquelle und der Austrittsdüse, d. h. in die Hochdruckleitung einbringen zu können, ist eine Abrasivmittel-Zufuhrschleuse vorhanden, welche ein eingangsseitiges Absperrorgan und ein ausgangsseitiges Absperrorgan mit einer zwischen diesen angeordneten Schleusenkammer aufweist. Durch Öffnen des eingangsseitigen Absperrorgans kann die Zufuhrschleuse zur Umgebung hin geöffnet werden, während gleichzeitig das ausgangsseitige Absperrorgan zum Hochdruckbereich geschlossen ist. So kann die Schleusenkammer bei Umgebungsdruck gefüllt werden. Anschließend kann das eingangsseitige Absperrorgan geschlossen werden und eine Druckerhöhung in der Schleusenkammer vorgenommen werden, worauf dann das zweite Absperrorgan geöffnet werden kann und sich der Inhalt der Schleusenkammer unter Hochdruck in die Hochdruckleitung hinein, beispielsweise einen Druckbehälter hinein entleeren kann. So kann durch abwechselndes Öffnen der Absperrorgane mit entsprechender Druckentlastung und Druckbeaufschlagung der Schleusenkammer im laufenden Betrieb Abrasivmittel aus der Umgebung in den Hochdruckbereich eingebracht werden. Die Absperrorgane können beispielsweise als Kugelhähne ausgebildet sein.In order to be able to introduce abrasive material from an area with ambient pressure into the high-pressure area between the high-pressure source and the outlet nozzle, ie, into the high-pressure line during operation of the cutting system, an abrasive-supply lock is provided which has an inlet-side shut-off device and an outlet-side shut-off device with one between them Lock chamber has. By opening the input-side obturator, the supply lock can be opened to the environment while at the same time the output-side obturator is closed to the high pressure area. So the lock chamber can be filled at ambient pressure. Subsequently, the input-side obturator be closed and an increase in pressure in the lock chamber are made, whereupon the second obturator can be opened and the contents of the lock chamber under high pressure in the high pressure line into, for example, a pressure vessel can empty into it. Thus, by alternately opening the shut-off with appropriate pressure relief and pressurization of the lock chamber during operation Abrasivmittel be introduced from the environment in the high pressure area. The shut-off devices may be formed, for example, as ball valves.
Um das Abrasivmittel möglichst schnell in die Schleusenkammer einbringen zu können, wenn das eingangsseitige Absperrorgan geöffnet ist, ist erfindungsgemäß die Schleusenkammer mit einer Saugeinrichtung verbunden, welche dann, wenn das erste Absperrorgan geöffnet ist, aktiviert werden kann, um in der Schleusenkammer einen Unterdruck zu erzeugen. Durch einen solchen von der Saugeinrichtung erzeugten Unterdruck, wird das Abrasivmittel durch das geöffnete eingangsseitige Absperrorgan in die Schleusenkammer eingesaugt, d. h. ein Einfließen des Abrasivmittels in die Schleusenkammer wird zumindest durch einen Unterdruck in der Schleusenkammer unterstützt. Vorzugsweise ist oberhalb der Schleusenkammer ein Abrasivmittelspeicher angeordnet, aus welchem das Abrasivmittel durch Schwerkraft in die Schleusenkammer bewegt wird, wobei diese Bewegung durch den genannten Unterdruck zumindest unterstützt wird. Der Abrasivmittelspeicher kann als Fülltrichter, d. h. als Hopper ausgebildet sein, wobei in dem Abrasivmittelspeicher das Abrasivmittel vorzugsweise mit Trägerflüssigkeit, d. h. insbesondere Wasser gemischt vorgehalten wird, sodass das Abrasivmittel ohne Lufteinschlüsse von außen in die Schleusenkammer eingebracht werden kann.In order to bring the abrasive as quickly as possible in the lock chamber when the input-side obturator is open, the lock chamber according to the invention is connected to a suction device, which, when the first obturator is opened, can be activated to generate a negative pressure in the lock chamber , By such a negative pressure generated by the suction device, the abrasive is sucked through the open inlet-side obturator in the lock chamber, d. H. an inflow of the abrasive in the lock chamber is supported by at least a negative pressure in the lock chamber. Preferably, above the lock chamber, an abrasive accumulator is arranged, from which the abrasive is moved by gravity into the lock chamber, said movement is at least supported by said negative pressure. The abrasive storage can be used as a hopper, d. H. be designed as a hopper, wherein in the abrasive storage, the abrasive preferably with carrier liquid, d. H. In particular, water is kept mixed, so that the abrasive can be introduced without air inclusions from the outside into the lock chamber.
Die Saugeinrichtung ist vorzugsweise als Zylinder ausgebildet, in welchem ein Kolben bewegbar ist, wobei ein Ende des Zylinders zu der Schleusenkammer hin geöffnet bzw. mit dieser verbunden ist. Wenn der Kolben von diesem Ende des Zylinders wegbewegt wird, vergrößert sich das Volumen in dem Zylinder, wodurch Flüssigkeit aus der mit diesem Ende des Zylinders verbundenen Schleusenkammer angesaugt wird und so in der Schleusenkammer ein Unterdruck bzw. ein Sog erzeugt wird, durch welchen bei geöffnetem eingangsseitigen Absperrorgan Abrasivmittel in die Schleusenkammer eingesaugt werden kann.The suction device is preferably formed as a cylinder in which a piston is movable, wherein one end of the cylinder to the Lock chamber is opened towards or connected to this. When the piston is moved away from this end of the cylinder, the volume in the cylinder increases, whereby liquid is sucked from the lock chamber connected to this end of the cylinder and so in the lock chamber a negative pressure or a suction is generated, by which Input side obturator abrasive can be sucked into the lock chamber.
Der Kolben ist bevorzugt über einen elektrischen, pneumatischen oder hydraulischen Antrieb bewegbar. Dabei wird der Antrieb von einer Steuereinrichtung derart gesteuert, dass der Kolben dann, wenn das erste Absperrorgan geöffnet wird, von dem ersten Ende des Zylinders, welches mit der Schleusenkammer verbunden ist, wegbewegt wird, um einen Unterdruck in der Schleusenkammer zu erzeugen. Bevorzugt sind der Kolben und der Zylinder derart ausgebildet, dass der Kolben in dem Zylinder linear beweglich ist. Dabei ist der Kolben in geeigneter Weise gegenüber der Innenwandung des Zylinders abgedichtet.The piston is preferably movable via an electric, pneumatic or hydraulic drive. In this case, the drive is controlled by a control device such that, when the first obturator is opened, the piston is moved away from the first end of the cylinder, which is connected to the lock chamber, to generate a negative pressure in the lock chamber. Preferably, the piston and the cylinder are formed such that the piston in the cylinder is linearly movable. The piston is suitably sealed against the inner wall of the cylinder.
Besonders bevorzugt ist der Kolben hydraulisch bewegbar, d. h. er weist einen hydraulischen Antrieb auf, wobei der Kolben mit einem Antriebskolben in einem Antriebszylinder verbunden ist und der Antriebskolben im Inneren des Antriebszylinders zur Bewegung des Kolbens mit Trägerflüssigkeit aus der Hochdruckleitung beaufschlagbar ist. So kann auf eine separate Hydraulik zum Antrieb des Kolbens verzichtet werden. Stattdessen kann der Druck der Trägerflüssigkeit im Hochdruckbereich bzw. in der Hochdruckleitung zur Bewegung des Kolbens in der Saugeinrichtung genutzt werden. Der Antriebskolben kann mit dem Kolben der Saugeinrichtung in einem gemeinsamen Zylinder angeordnet sein. Es können jedoch auch separate Zylinder vorgesehen sein. Der Antriebskolben und der Kolben der Saugeinrichtung bewegen sich bevorzugt entlang derselben Achse und sind zur Kraft- und Bewegungsübertragung in geeigneter Weise, bevorzugt fest, miteinander verbunden. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, den Kolben der Saugeinrichtung und den Antriebskolben in anderer Weise relativ zueinander anzuordnen, beispielsweise nebeneinander, und in geeigneter Weise zur gemeinsamen Bewegung miteinander zu koppeln.Particularly preferably, the piston is hydraulically movable, ie it has a hydraulic drive, wherein the piston is connected to a drive piston in a drive cylinder and the drive piston in the interior of the drive cylinder for movement of the piston with carrier liquid from the high-pressure line can be acted upon. So can be dispensed with a separate hydraulic to drive the piston. Instead, the pressure of the carrier liquid in the high-pressure region or in the high-pressure line can be used to move the piston in the suction device. The drive piston may be arranged with the piston of the suction device in a common cylinder. However, it can also be provided separate cylinder. The drive piston and the piston of the suction device preferably move along the same axis and are suitably, preferably firmly, connected to one another for the transmission of force and movement. It However, it is also possible to arrange the piston of the suction device and the drive piston in a different manner relative to each other, for example, side by side, and to couple together for common movement in a suitable manner.
Die Beaufschlagung des Antriebszylinders mit Trägerflüssigkeit aus der Hochdruckleitung wird bevorzugt über von einer Steuereinrichtung angesteuerte Ventile, d. h. insbesondere elektrisch oder pneumatisch betätigte Ventile bewirkt.The application of carrier fluid from the high-pressure line to the drive cylinder is preferably effected by valves actuated by a control device, i. H. in particular causes electrically or pneumatically actuated valves.
Dazu ist der Antriebszylinder weiter bevorzugt an zumindest einer Seite des Antriebskolbens über zumindest ein Ventil mit der Hochdruckleitung verbunden. Wenn das Ventil geöffnet wird, wird so der Zylinder mit Trägerflüssigkeit aus der Hochdruckleitung gefüllt und der Antriebskolben an einer Seite mit Druck beaufschlagt, sodass der Antriebskolben in eine dieser Seite abgewandte Richtung in dem Antriebszylinder bewegt werden kann. Durch die beschriebene Bewegungskopplung wird der Kolben der Saugeinrichtung entsprechend mitbewegt, um den Unterdruck in der Schleusenkammer zu erzeugen.For this purpose, the drive cylinder is further preferably connected to the high-pressure line via at least one valve on at least one side of the drive piston. When the valve is opened, so the cylinder is filled with carrier liquid from the high-pressure line and the drive piston is pressurized on one side, so that the drive piston can be moved in a side facing away from this side in the drive cylinder. As a result of the movement coupling described, the piston of the suction device is correspondingly moved in order to generate the negative pressure in the lock chamber.
Besonders bevorzugt mündet die Schleusenkammer über ihr ausgangsseitiges Absperrorgan in einen Druckbehälter, welcher in der Hochdruckleitung oder einem Zweig der Hochdruckleitung gelegen ist. Bevorzugt ist die Schleusenkammer vertikal oberhalb des Druckbehälters angeordnet, sodass der Inhalt der Schleusenkammer sich bei geöffnetem ausgangsseitigen Absperrorgan allein durch Schwerkraft in den Druckbehälter hinein entleeren kann. Der Druckbehälter kann dabei der Bereich sein, in welchem sich, wie oben beschrieben, die unter Hochdruck stehende Trägerflüssigkeit mit dem Abrasivmittel zu einer Suspension vermischt. D. h. durch die Strömung der Trägerflüssigkeit wird das Abrasivmittel aus dem Druckbehälter herausgespült. Die Suspensionsströmung stromabwärts des Druckbehälters tritt dann in die Austrittsdüse ein und wird durch diese ausgebracht. Dabei ist bevorzugt lediglich ein Teilstrom bzw. einer von mehreren parallelen Strömungswegen der Hochdruckleitung durch einen solchen Druckbehälter geführt.Particularly preferably, the lock chamber opens via its outlet-side obturator in a pressure vessel, which is located in the high pressure line or a branch of the high pressure line. Preferably, the lock chamber is arranged vertically above the pressure vessel, so that the contents of the lock chamber can be emptied by gravity in the pressure vessel with open outlet-side obturator. The pressure vessel may be the area in which, as described above, the high-pressure carrier liquid mixed with the abrasive to form a suspension. Ie. by the flow of the carrier liquid, the abrasive is rinsed out of the pressure vessel. The slurry flow downstream of the pressure vessel then enters the exit nozzle and is applied by this. In this case, only a partial flow or one of a plurality of parallel flow paths of the high-pressure line is preferably guided through such a pressure vessel.
Gemäß einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung erstreckt sich jedoch ausgehend von der Hochdruckquelle ein Hauptzweig der Hochdruckleitung an dem Druckbehälter vorbei und der Druckbehälter ist in einem zu dem Hauptzweig parallelen Nebenzweig gelegen, wobei sich der Hauptzweig und der Nebenzweig stromaufwärts der Austrittsdüse vereinigen. So bildet der Hauptzweig einen Bypass, welcher nicht durch den Druckbehälter geführt ist. Nur die Strömung in dem Nebenzweig wird bei dieser Ausgestaltung dazu genutzt, das Abrasivmittel aus dem Druckbehälter zu fördern. D. h. in dem Druckbehälter mischt sich zunächst die Strömung aus dem Nebenzweig mit Abrasivmittel und fördert das Abrasivmittel zu einem Mischpunkt, an welchem sich Nebenzweig und Hauptzweig vereinigen. Dort wird die Suspension aus dem Nebenzweig dann durch die Strömung in dem Hauptzweig weiter verdünnt und es bildet sich diejenige Suspension, welche dann weiter stromabwärts aus der Austrittsdüse austritt.However, according to a particular embodiment of the invention, starting from the high-pressure source, a main branch of the high-pressure line extends past the pressure vessel and the pressure vessel is located in a side branch parallel to the main branch, the main branch and the secondary branch merging upstream of the outlet nozzle. Thus, the main branch forms a bypass, which is not guided by the pressure vessel. Only the flow in the secondary branch is used in this embodiment to promote the abrasive from the pressure vessel. Ie. in the pressure vessel, first the flow from the side branch mixes with abrasive and promotes the abrasive to a mixing point at which merge branch and main branch. There, the suspension from the side branch is then further diluted by the flow in the main branch and it forms the suspension, which then further downstream of the outlet nozzle exits.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Schleusenkammer über eine Druckleitung mit der Hochdruckleitung verbunden, wobei in der Druckleitung ein erstes Druckausgleichsventil in Form eines Absperrventils angeordnet ist und wobei durch Öffnen dieses ersten Druckausgleichsventils die Schleusenkammer mit Druck beaufschlagbar ist. Das Absperrventil kann in jeder geeigneten Weise zum Schalten eines hohen Druckes, wie er oben genannt ist, ausgebildet sein. Vorzugsweise ist das Absperrventil als Nadelventil ausgebildet. Das Absperrventil kann elektrisch, pneumatisch, hydraulisch oder in anderer geeigneter Weise betätigt werden und wird vorzugsweise von einer Steuereinrichtung des Gesamtsystems angesteuert. Durch Öffnen des Absperrventils wird eine Verbindung zwischen dem Hochdruckbereich, d. h. zwischen der Hochdruckleitung und der Schleusenkammer hergestellt, sodass Trägerflüssigkeit unter hohem Druck in die Schleusenkammer einströmen kann und so den Druck in der Schleusenkammer auf das im Wesentlichen selbe Niveau wie in der Hochdruckleitung erhöhen kann. So kann nach dem Schließen des eingangsseitigen Absperrorgans der Schleusenkammer der Druck in der Schleusenkammer erhöht werden, bevor das ausgangsseitige Absperrorgan geöffnet wird. In der Schleusenkammer wird somit vor dem Öffnen des ausgangsseitigen Absperrorgans ein Druckausgleich mit der Hochdruckleitung hergestellt.According to a further preferred embodiment, the lock chamber is connected via a pressure line to the high pressure line, wherein in the pressure line, a first pressure compensation valve is arranged in the form of a shut-off valve and wherein by opening this first pressure compensation valve, the lock chamber is pressurized. The shut-off valve may be formed in any suitable manner for switching a high pressure, as mentioned above. Preferably, the shut-off valve is designed as a needle valve. The shut-off valve can be actuated electrically, pneumatically, hydraulically or in another suitable manner and is preferably controlled by a control device of the overall system. By opening the shut-off valve is a connection between the high pressure area, ie between the high pressure line and the lock chamber made so that carrier liquid can flow under high pressure into the lock chamber and so can increase the pressure in the lock chamber to the substantially same level as in the high pressure line. Thus, after the closing of the inlet-side shut-off device of the lock chamber, the pressure in the lock chamber can be increased before the outlet-side shut-off element is opened. In the lock chamber thus a pressure equalization with the high pressure line is made before opening the output-side obturator.
Weiter bevorzugt ist die Schleusenkammer mit einer Ablassleitung verbunden, welche über ein zweites Druckausgleichsventil in Form eines Absperrventils mit einem drucklosen Ablauf verbunden ist, wobei durch Öffnen des zweiten Druckausgleichsventils die Ablassleitung zu dem drucklosen Ablauf geöffnet werden kann. Das zweite Druckausgleichsventil kann in entsprechender Weise zu dem oben genannten Druckausgleichsventil ausgestaltet sein. Das zweite Druckausgleichsventil wird dazu genutzt, nach dem Schließen des ausgangsseitigen Absperrorgans und vor dem Öffnen des eingangsseitigen Absperrorgans den Druck im Inneren der Schleusenkammer zu verringern, insbesondere im Wesentlichen auf den Umgebungsdruck zu verringern. Erst wenn der Druck in der Schleusenkammer entsprechend abgebaut ist, wird dann das eingangsseitige Absperrorgan geöffnet, um die Schleusenkammer wieder neu mit Abrasivmittel zu befüllen.More preferably, the lock chamber is connected to a drain line, which is connected via a second pressure compensating valve in the form of a shut-off valve with a non-pressurized flow, wherein by opening the second pressure compensation valve, the drain line can be opened to the non-pressurized flow. The second pressure compensation valve can be configured in a corresponding manner to the above-mentioned pressure compensation valve. The second pressure compensation valve is used to reduce the pressure in the interior of the lock chamber after closing the output-side obturator and before opening the input-side obturator, in particular substantially to reduce the ambient pressure. Only when the pressure in the lock chamber has been correspondingly reduced, then the input-side obturator is opened to refill the lock chamber again with abrasive.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann die Schleusenkammer mit einer Ablassleitung verbunden sein, welche in einem Druckraum eines Akkumulators endet. Dies kann eine separate Ablassleitung sein oder auch die Ablassleitung sein, welche zusätzlich über ein Absperrventil in einen drucklosen Ablauf mündet. Über die Ablassleitung, welche mit dem Druckraum eines Akkumulators verbunden ist, ist es möglich, den Druck in der Schleusenkammer in den Akkumulator abzubauen, sodass keine oder weniger Flüssigkeit aus der Schleusenkammer nach außen abgelassen werden muss. Es kann somit ein Druckausgleich bzw. ein Druckabbau in einem geschlossenen System erfolgen. Dabei ist auch eine Kombination der Verwendung eines Akkumulators mit einem drucklosen Ablauf möglich, in der Weise, dass zunächst der Druck um ein gewisses Maß durch Überführen von Flüssigkeit in den Akkumulator abgebaut wird und anschließend der Restdruck durch Öffnen des Absperrventils zu dem drucklosen Ablauf hin abgebaut wird.According to a further preferred embodiment, the lock chamber can be connected to a drain line which ends in a pressure chamber of a rechargeable battery. This may be a separate drain line or the drain line, which additionally opens via a shut-off valve in a non-pressurized drain. Via the discharge line, which is connected to the pressure chamber of an accumulator, it is possible, the pressure in the lock chamber in the accumulator reduce, so that no or less liquid from the lock chamber must be discharged to the outside. It can thus be a pressure equalization or a pressure reduction in a closed system. In this case, a combination of the use of a battery with a non-pressurized flow is possible in such a way that first the pressure is reduced by a certain amount by transferring liquid into the accumulator and then reduced the residual pressure by opening the shut-off valve to the non-pressurized flow out becomes.
Der Akkumulator ist weiter bevorzugt ein Zylinder-Akkumulator und die Ablassleitung ist mit einem ersten Druckraum des Zylinder-Akkumulators verbunden, in welchem ein Kolben, welcher den ersten Druckraum von einem zweiten Druckraum trennt, beweglich angeordnet ist. Der zweite Druckraum ist dabei bevorzugt über zumindest ein Ventil druckbeaufschlag- und druckentlastbar. Wenn sich der Kolben in einer ersten Stellung befindet, in welche er den ersten Druckraum auf ein Minimum verkleinert, kann über ein Ventil der zweite Druckraum druckentlastet werden, sodass über die Ablassleitung Flüssigkeit bzw. Wasser aus der Schleusenkammer in den ersten Druckraum strömen kann, wobei sich der Kolben in den zweiten Druckraum hinein bewegt und diesen verkleinert, während sich der erste Druckraum vergrößert. Durch Druckbeaufschlagung des zweiten Druckraumes kann der Kolben wieder in seine Ausgangslage zurückbewegt werden. Über den zweiten Druckraum kann zusätzlich ein Gegendruck aufgebaut werden, sodass die Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit des Kolbens gesteuert bzw. verringert werden kann, sodass ein langsamer Druckabbau in der Schleusenkammer möglich wird.The accumulator is more preferably a cylinder accumulator and the discharge line is connected to a first pressure chamber of the cylinder accumulator, in which a piston, which separates the first pressure chamber from a second pressure chamber, is arranged to be movable. The second pressure chamber is preferably via at least one valve pressure and pressure relieved. When the piston is in a first position, in which it minimizes the first pressure chamber, the second pressure chamber can be relieved of pressure via a valve, so that liquid or water can flow out of the lock chamber into the first pressure chamber via the outlet conduit, wherein the piston moves into the second pressure chamber and reduces it as the first pressure chamber increases. By pressurizing the second pressure chamber, the piston can be moved back to its original position. In addition, a back pressure can be built up via the second pressure chamber, so that the movement speed of the piston can be controlled or reduced, so that a slow pressure reduction in the lock chamber is possible.
Der zweite Druckraum des Zylinder-Akkumulators ist weiter bevorzugt über zumindest ein Ventil schaltbar mit der Hochdruckleitung oder einem drucklosen Auslass verbunden. Das Ventil kann in beliebiger geeigneter Weise, beispielsweise als Nadelventil ausgebildet sein. Das Ventil kann beispielsweise einen elektrischen, pneumatischen oder hydraulischen Antrieb aufweisen und wird bevorzugt von einer zentralen Steuereinrichtung, welche den Befüllvorgang steuert, angesteuert. Wenn das Ventil den zweiten Druckraum des Zylinder-Akkumulators mit der Hochdruckleitung in Verbindung bringt, wird der zweite Druckraum mit Flüssigkeit aus der Hochdruckleitung beaufschlagt, sodass der Kolben in dem Zylinder-Akkumulator in den ersten Druckraum hinein bzw. in Richtung des ersten Druckraums bewegt werden kann, sodass dieser verkleinert wird. Wird das Ventil so geschaltet, dass der zweite Druckraum mit einem drucklosen Auslass in Verbindung gebracht wird, wobei gleichzeitig die Verbindung zu der Hochdruckleitung geschlossen wird, kann sich der Kolben in Richtung des zweiten Druckraums bewegen, sodass sich der erste Druckraum vergrößert, um Flüssigkeit aus der Schleusenkammer aufzunehmen. Diese Schaltvorgänge können durch eine geeignete Ventilschaltung aus einem oder mehreren Ventilen realisiert werden. Z.B. können zwei getrennte Ventile vorgesehen sein, wobei ein Ventil die Verbindung zu der Hochdruckleitung öffnet oder schließt und ein zweites Ventil eine Verbindung zu dem drucklosen Auslass öffnet oder schließt.The second pressure chamber of the cylinder accumulator is further preferably connected via at least one valve switchable to the high pressure line or a non-pressurized outlet. The valve can be used in any suitable Way, for example, be designed as a needle valve. The valve may have, for example, an electric, pneumatic or hydraulic drive and is preferably controlled by a central control device which controls the filling process. When the valve communicates the second pressure chamber of the cylinder accumulator with the high-pressure line, the second pressure chamber is supplied with liquid from the high-pressure line, so that the piston in the cylinder accumulator in the first pressure chamber or in the direction of the first pressure chamber are moved can, so that it is reduced. When the valve is switched to communicate the second pressure space with a non-pressurized outlet, simultaneously closing the connection to the high-pressure line, the piston may move toward the second pressure space so that the first pressure space increases to expel liquid to absorb the lock chamber. These switching operations can be realized by a suitable valve circuit of one or more valves. For example, two separate valves may be provided, with one valve opening or closing the connection to the high pressure line and a second valve opening or closing a connection to the non-pressure outlet.
Weiter bevorzugt kann in der Ablassleitung stromaufwärts des Akkumulators, d. h. insbesondere des Zylinder-Akkumulators eine Drossel angeordnet sein. Diese sorgt für einen verlangsamten Druckabbau des Drucks in der Schleusenkammer, indem die Flüssigkeitsströmung von der Schleusenkammer zu dem Akkumulator gedrosselt wird.More preferably, in the drain line upstream of the accumulator, i. H. in particular of the cylinder accumulator be arranged a throttle. This ensures a slower pressure reduction of the pressure in the lock chamber by throttling the flow of liquid from the lock chamber to the accumulator.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist in der Hochdruckleitung bzw. verbunden mit der Hochdruckleitung zumindest ein Druckspeicher angeordnet. Dieser Druckspeicher kann beispielsweise als ein zusätzliches mit unter Hochdruck stehender Trägerflüssigkeit gefülltes Volumen oder z.B. als Blasenspeicher ausgebildet sein. Der Druckspeicher dient dazu, einen Druckabfall im Hochdruckbereich, d. h. in der Hochdruckleitung zu verringern, wenn ein Druckausgleich in der Schleusenkammer von dem Hochdruckbereich bzw. der Hochdruckleitung aus erfolgt. Wenn beispielsweise ein erstes Druckausgleichsventil, wie es oben beschrieben wurde, geöffnet wird, wird eine Verbindung zwischen der Schleusenkammer, in welcher zunächst atmosphärischer Druck herrscht und der Hochdruckleitung hergestellt. Dadurch kommt es zu einem Anstieg des Drucks in der Schleusenkammer, d. h. einem Druckausgleich, welcher aber auf der anderen Seite zu einem Druckabfall in der Hochdruckleitung führen kann. Durch einen entsprechenden Druckspeicher kann dieser Druckabfall minimiert oder verhindert werden.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one pressure accumulator is arranged in the high-pressure line or connected to the high-pressure line. This pressure accumulator can be designed, for example, as an additional volume filled with high-pressure carrier fluid or, for example, as a bladder accumulator be. The pressure accumulator serves to reduce a pressure drop in the high-pressure region, ie in the high-pressure line, when a pressure equalization takes place in the lock chamber from the high-pressure region or the high-pressure line. For example, when a first pressure compensating valve, as described above, is opened, a connection is established between the lock chamber, in which initially atmospheric pressure prevails, and the high-pressure line. As a result, there is an increase in the pressure in the lock chamber, ie a pressure equalization, but which can lead to a pressure drop in the high pressure line on the other side. By a corresponding pressure accumulator this pressure drop can be minimized or prevented.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Schleusenkammer über das eingangsseitige Absperrorgan mit einem Ausgang eines Abrasivmittelspeichers verbunden, wobei in dem Ausgang eines bewegbares Verschlusselement angeordnet ist, welches hohl ausgebildet und zu einem oberen und einem unteren Ende hin geöffnet ist, wobei das Verschlusselement mit seinem unteren Ende den Ausgang verschließt und sich mit seinem oberen Ende über einen maximalen Füllstand für das Abrasivmittel hinaus erstreckt. Der Abrasivmittelspeicher kann beispielsweise als Fülltrichter ausgebildet sein, wobei der Ausgang des Fülltrichters an seinem unteren verjüngten Ende gelegen ist. Dieser Ausgang mündet in das eingangsseitige Absperrorgan der Schleusenkammer. Zusätzlich zu diesem eingangsseitigen Absperrorgan ist das Verschlusselement vorgesehen, welches den Ausgang, beispielsweise in Form eines Stopfens verschließt. Durch vertikale Bewegung des Verschlusselementes kann der Ausgang geöffnet und verschlossen werden. Gleichzeitig ist das Verschlusselement jedoch vorzugsweise so ausgebildet, dass es eine untere Öffnung aufweist, welche in den Ausgang hinein geöffnet ist, und in seinem Inneren hohl ausgebildet ist. Der Hohlraum im Inneren des Verschlusselementes stellt eine Verbindung zu einer zweiten Öffnung am oberen Ende des Verschlusselementes her. Dabei ist das Verschlusselement derart lang ausgebildet bzw. weist eine sich nach oben erstreckende axiale Verlängerung auf, dass die Öffnung am oberen Ende oberhalb des maximalen Füllstandes für das Abrasivmittel in dem Abrasivmittelspeicher gelegen ist. Dies bewirkt, dass dann, wenn das Verschlusselement den Ausgang verschließt, eine Verbindung durch den Hohlraum im Inneren zwischen dem Ausgang und dem oberen Ende bzw. der Öffnung am oberen Ende verbleibt. Durch diese Öffnung kann jedoch kein Abrasivmittel in den Ausgang strömen, da die Öffnung am oberen Ende oberhalb des maximalen Füllstandes für das Abrasivmittel gelegen ist. Allerdings gewährleistet diese Verbindung bei Verschluss des Ausganges durch das Verschlusselement, das bei geöffnetem eingangsseitigen Absperrorgan Flüssigkeit bzw. Wasser aus der Schleusenkammer durch das Verschlusselement hindurch strömen kann, wobei es dann durch die Öffnung am oberen Ende des Verschlusselementes austritt. Dies ist zweckmäßig, da beim Zurückbewegen eines Kolbens der Sauganrichtung oder gegebenenfalls eines Kolbens eines Akkumulators Flüssigkeit in die Schleusenkammer zurückgedrückt wird. Wenn dies bei geöffnetem eingangsseitigen Absperrorgan geschieht, kann die Flüssigkeit dann durch das Verschlusselement in den Abrasivmittelspeicher hinein gedrückt werden. Der Abrasivmittelspeicher ist vorzugsweise mit einer Füllstandsüberwachung sowohl für das Abrasivmittel als auch für Flüssigkeit ausgestattet, sodass stets sichergestellt ist, dass ein Flüssigkeits-Abrasivmittel-Gemisch in dem Abrasivmittelspeicher vorhanden ist. Das beschriebene Verschlusselement weist an seinem unteren Ende vorzugsweise einen Verschlussstopfen auf, durch den hindurch sich zum oberen Ende eine rohrförmige Verlängerung erstreckt, welche die Verbindung zwischen den beiden offenen Enden herstellt.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the lock chamber is connected via the inlet-side obturator with an outlet of Abrasivmittelspeichers, wherein in the output of a movable closure member is arranged, which is hollow and open to an upper and a lower end, wherein the closure element with its lower end closes the outlet and extends with its upper end over a maximum level for the abrasive out addition. The abrasive accumulator may for example be formed as a hopper, wherein the output of the hopper is located at its lower tapered end. This outlet opens into the inlet-side obturator of the lock chamber. In addition to this input-side obturator, the closure element is provided, which closes the output, for example in the form of a plug. By vertical movement of the closure element, the output can be opened and closed. At the same time, however, the shutter member is preferably formed so as to have a lower opening which is opened into the exit and hollow in its interior. The cavity in the interior of the closure element provides a Connection to a second opening at the upper end of the closure element ago. In this case, the closure element is formed so long or has an upwardly extending axial extension, that the opening is located at the upper end above the maximum level for the abrasive in the Abrasivmittelspeicher. This causes, when the closure element closes the outlet, a connection remains through the cavity in the interior between the outlet and the upper end or the opening at the upper end. Through this opening, however, no abrasive can flow into the outlet, since the opening is located at the upper end above the maximum level for the abrasive. However, this connection ensures when the outlet is closed by the closure element, which can flow liquid or water out of the lock chamber through the closure element when the shut-off element is open on the inlet side, whereby it then exits through the opening at the upper end of the closure element. This is expedient because liquid is pushed back into the lock chamber when moving back a piston of the suction device or optionally a piston of an accumulator. If this happens when the inlet-side shut-off device is open, the liquid can then be forced into the abrasive reservoir through the closure element. The abrasive storage is preferably equipped with a level monitoring for both the abrasive and for liquid, so that it is always ensured that a liquid-abrasive mixture is present in the abrasive storage. The described closure element preferably has a closure plug at its lower end, through which extends to the upper end a tubular extension which establishes the connection between the two open ends.
Das Verschlusselement mit dem Durchgang in seinem Inneren hat den weiteren Vorteil, dass es möglich ist, die Abrasivmittelzufuhr mit Hilfe des Verschlusselementes zu unterbinden, auch wenn das eingangsseitige Absperrorgan noch geöffnet ist. In diesem Zustand ist es dann insbesondere möglich, dass durch die Öffnung im Inneren des Verschlusselementes Wasser bzw. Trägerflüssigkeit weiter durch das Verschlusselement und das eingangsseitige Absperrorgan fließen kann, während die Zufuhr von Abrasivmittel beispielsweise durch den Verschlussstopfen am unteren Ende des Verschlusselementes unterbunden ist. Dies ermöglicht es, dass eingangsseitige Absperrorgan mit Trägerflüssigkeit bzw. Wasser zu spülen, um vor dem Schließen des eingangsseitigen Absperrorgans dieses im Wesentlichen frei von Abrasivmittel zu machen.The closure element with the passage in its interior has the further advantage that it is possible to supply the abrasive by means of the Locking element to prevent, even if the input-side obturator is still open. In this state, it is then possible, in particular, for water or carrier fluid to be able to flow further through the closure element and the inlet-side obturator through the opening in the interior of the closure element, while the supply of abrasive medium is prevented, for example, by the closure stopper at the lower end of the closure element. This makes it possible to flush the input-side shut-off device with carrier liquid or water in order to make it substantially free of abrasive agent before the closing of the input-side shut-off device.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung beispielhaft anhand der beigefügten Figuren beschrieben. In diesen zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- schematisch eine Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
- Fig. 2
- eine Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
- Fig. 3
- eine Wasser-Abrasiv-Suspensions-Schneidanlage gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
- Fig. 4
- eine schematische Schnittansicht des Fülltrichters in
im geschlossenen Zustand undFiguren 1 bis 3 - Fig. 5
- eine Ansicht des Fülltrichters gemäß
Fig. 4 im geöffneten Zustand.
- Fig. 1
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a water-abrasive-suspension cutting system according to a first embodiment of the invention, FIG.
- Fig. 2
- a water-abrasive suspension cutting system according to a second embodiment of the invention,
- Fig. 3
- a water-abrasive suspension cutting system according to a third embodiment of the invention,
- Fig. 4
- a schematic sectional view of the hopper in
FIGS. 1 to 3 in the closed state and - Fig. 5
- a view of the hopper according to
Fig. 4 in the open state.
Die in
Da der Druckbehälter 12 nur eine bestimmte Menge von Abrasivmittel aufnehmen kann, ist es zu einem kontinuierlichen Betrieb der Anlage erforderlich, den Druckbehälter 12 im laufenden Betrieb wieder aufzufüllen. Dazu ist erfindungsgemäß eine Abrasivmittel-Zufuhrschleuse 16 vorgesehen. Diese weist eine Schleusenkammer 18 auf, welche aus einem Einlaufbereich 20 sowie einem Zwischenbehälter 22 besteht. Die Schleusenkammer 18 ist vertikal oberhalb des Druckbehälters 12 angeordnet und von diesem durch ein ausgangsseitiges Absperrorgan in Form eines ausgangsseitigen Kugelhahnes 24 getrennt. Am oberen Ende weist die Schleusenkammer 18 einen eingangsseitigen Kugelhahn 26 auf, welcher ein eingangsseitiges Absperrorgan bildet. Vertikal oberhalb des eingangsseitigen Kugelhahnes 26 ist ein Fülltrichter 28 angeordnet, welcher anhand von
In die Schleusenkammer 18 mündet darüber hinaus eine Druckleitung 40, welche von der Hochdruckleitung 4, in diesem Fall dem Nebenzweig 10 abzweigt. In der Druckleitung 40 ist ein erstes Druckausgleichsventil 42 angeordnet. Ferner ist die Schleusenkammer 18 mit einer Ablassleitung 44 verbunden, in welcher ein zweites Druckausgleichsventil 46 angeordnet ist und welche stromabwärts des zweiten Druckausgleichsventils 46 in einen drucklosen Ablauf 48 mündet.In addition, a
An dem Nebenzweig 10 ist ein erster Druckaufnehmer 50 und an der Schleusenkammer 18 ein zweiter Druckaufnehmer 52 angeordnet. Ferner weist die Druckleitung 4 noch einen Akkumulator in Form eines Druckspeichers 54 auf.At the
In dem in
Wenn der Kolben 34 in dem Zylinder 32 von der Schleusenkammer 18 weg bewegt, d. h. zu dem Antriebszylinder 38 hin bewegt wird, kann in der Schleusenkammer 18 ein Unterdruck erzeugt werden. Dieser Unterdruck bewirkt, dass bei geöffnetem eingangsseitigen Kugelhahn 26 Abrasivmittel aus dem Fülltrichter 28 zusätzlich zu der wirkenden Schwerkraft durch einen Unterdruck in den Einlaufbereich 20 in der Schleusenkammer 18 gesaugt wird. Um hierzu den Kolben 34 entsprechend bewegen zu können, wird das Ablassventil 62 geöffnet und gleichzeitig das Ventil 56 geöffnet, sodass der Antriebskolben 36 an seiner dem Kolben 34 zugewandten Seite mit Druck beaufschlagt wird und so in eine Richtung bewegt wird, in welcher er sich gemeinsam mit dem Kolben 34 von der Schleusenkammer 18 weg bewegt. Dadurch, dass der der Schleusenkammer 18, d. h. deren Einlaufbereich 20, zugewandte Bereich des Zylinders 32 mit diesem Einlaufbereich 20 verbunden ist, wird auf diese Weise Wasser aus der Schleusenkammer 18 angesaugt und es entsteht in der Schleusenkammer 18 ein Unterdruck.When the
Um den Kolben 34 zurück in Richtung der Schleusenkammer 18 bewegen zu können, wird das Ventil 56 geschlossen. Ebenfalls wird das Ablassventil 62 geschlossen. Umgekehrt werden dann das Ablassventil 60 und das Ventil 58 geöffnet, sodass die dem Kolben 34 abgewandte Seite des Antriebskolbens 36 mit Druck beaufschlagt wird und so der Antriebskolben 36 und der Kolben 34 in entgegengesetzter Richtung zurückbewegt werden.In order to move the
Insgesamt erfolgt der Befüllvorgang des Druckbehälters 12 mit Abrasivmittel erfindungsgemäß nun wie folgt. Zunächst wird durch kurzzeitiges Öffnen des zweiten Druckausgleichsventils 46 der Innenraum der Schleusenkammer 18 von vorhandenem Restdruck entlastet, wobei Flüssigkeit aus dem Einlaufbereich 20 über die Ablassleitung 44 in den Ablauf 48 strömt. Danach wird das Druckausgleichsventil 46 wieder geschlossen. Ferner wird der Kolben 34 durch den zuvor beschriebenen Antrieb in eine erste Endlage bewegt, in welcher er an dem der Schleusenkammer 18 zugewandten Ende, d. h. dem dem Antriebszylinder 38 abgewandten Ende des Zylinders 32 gelegen ist. D. h. in diesem Zustand ist das der Schleusenkammer 18 zugewandte und mit dieser verbundene Volumen des Zylinders 32 minimal. Bei dieser Bewegung des Kolbens 34 ist bei geschlossenem Druckausgleichsventil 46 der eingangsseitige Kugelhahn 26 geöffnet. Dabei wird überschüssiges Wasser aus der Schleusenkammer 18 durch den eingangsseitigen Kugelhahn 26, wie unten anhand von
Anschließend wird durch Öffnen des Ventils 58 der Antriebszylinder so mit druckbeaufschlagt, dass der Antriebskolben 36 gemeinsam mit dem Kolben 34 vorwärts bewegt wird, das heißt zu der Schleusenkammer 18 hinbewegt wird, so dass sich das der Schleusenkammer 18 zugewandte Volumen in dem Zylinder 32 verkleinert. So trägt der Kolben 34 zum Druckaufbau im Inneren der Schleusenkammer 18 bei. Ferner wird das erste Druckausgleichsventil 42 geöffnet, wodurch die Schleusenkammer 18 mit dem Druck in der Hochdruckleitung 4 bzw. im Hochdruckbereich beaufschlagt wird. D. h. es findet ein im Wesentlichen vollständiger Druckausgleich zwischen der Hochdruckleitung 4 und der Schleusenkammer 18 statt. Dieser wird durch die Druckaufnehmer 50 und 52 überwacht. Um bei diesem Druckausgleich den Druckabfall in der Hochdruckleitung 4 zu minimieren, ist an dieser ein Druckspeicher 54 vorhanden. Wenn über die Druckaufnehmer ein Druckausgleich, d. h. derselbe Druck in dem Nebenzweig 10 und in der Schleusenkammer 18 erfasst wird, d.h. nach dem erfolgten Druckausgleich wird der ausgangsseitige Kugelhahn 24 der Schleusenkammer 18 geöffnet, wodurch das Abrasivmittel aus der Schleusenkammer 18, d. h. dem Zwischenbehälter der Schleusenkammer 18 schwerkraftbedingt in den Druckbehälter 12 übertritt. Bei diesem Übertritt bleibt das Druckausgleichsventil 42 vorzugsweise geöffnet, um eine Drainage des Zwichenspeichers 22 bei dessen Entleerung zu ermöglichen. Das heißt über das Druckausgleichsventil 42 sowie die Druckleitung 40 kann Trägerflüssigkeit bzw. Wasser in die Schleusenkammer 18 nachströmen, während das Abrasivmittel aus dem Zwischenspeicher 22 durch den geöffneten Kugelhahn 24 in den Druckbehälter 12 übertritt. Nach vollständiger Entleerung des Abrasivmittels aus der Schleusenkammer 18, welche über weitere hier nicht gezeigte Sensoren, z.B. Lichtschranken, erfasst werden kann, wird der ausgangsseitige Kugelhahn 24 wieder geschlossen. Dabei wird auch das Druckausgleichsventil 42 geschlossen.Subsequently, by opening the
Im nächsten Schritt erfolgt ein Druckausgleich zwischen der Schleusenkammer 18 und der Atmosphäre, indem bei geschlossenem Ventil 58 das Ventil 56 geöffnet wird, wodurch der Antriebskolben 36 gemeinsam mit dem Kolben 34 rückwärts, das heißt von der Schleusenkammer 18 weg bewegt wird. So wird das der Schleusenkammer 18 zugewandte Volumen des Zylinders 32 vergrößert und der Druck in der Schleusenkammer 18 wird abgebaut. Anschließend wird zum vollständigen Druckausgleich das zweite Druckausgleichsventil 46 zu dem Ablauf 48 hin geöffnet wird. Wenn dieser Druckausgleich erfolgt ist, wird das zweite Druckausgleichsventil 46 geschlossen und es wird wieder der eingangsseitige Kugelhahn 26 geöffnet. Anschließend wird durch Öffnen des Ventils 58 und Öffnen des Ablassventils 60 der Antriebskolben 36 so mit Druck beaufschlagt, dass der Kolben 34 in dem Zylinder 32 wieder in seine der Schleusenkammer 18 zugewandte Endlage bewegt wird, dabei wird die Flüssigkeit aus dem Zylinder 32 zurück in die Schleusenkammer 18 gedrückt und aus dieser durch den geöffneten eingangsseitigen Kugelhahn 26 in den Fülltrichter 28, wie anhand der
Eine dritte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist in
A third embodiment of the invention is in
Die Funktion des Fülltrichters 28 wird anhand der
Der Einlass des Abrasivmittels in die Schleusenkammer 18 wird nicht allein durch den eingangsseitigen Kugelhahn 26 gesteuert, sondern zusätzlich über ein Verschlusselement 94 in dem Fülltrichter 28. Das Verschlusselement 94 weist an seinem unteren Ende einen Verschlussstopfen 96 auf, welcher so ausgebildet ist, dass er mit der Innenseite des Einlauftrichters 28 den Ausgang 88 umgebend abdichtend in Eingriff treten kann wie in
Neben der unteren Öffnung 100 weist das Rohr 98 eine obere Öffnung 108 auf, welche am Außenumfang des Rohres 98 mündet. Die obere Öffnung 108 ist oberhalb des Füllstandes, d. h. des maximalen Füllstandes 110 für das Abrasivmittel 92 gelegen. So wird verhindert, dass in dem in
Darüber hinaus hat das Rohr 98 eine weitere Funktion, nämlich, dass vor dem Schließen des eingangsseitigen Kugelhahnes 26 dieser gespült werden kann, um Abrasivmittel aus dem Kugelhahn 26 zu entfernen. Dazu wird vor dem Ende der Saugbewegung des Kolbens 34 die Abrasivmittelzufuhr durch Absenken des Verschlusselementes 94 unterbrochen. Aufgrund der weiteren Saugbewegung des Kolbens 34 besteht dann aber in der Schleusenkammer 18 weiter ein Unterdruck, so dass Wasser aus dem Fülltrichter über die obere Öffnung 108, durch das Rohr 98 hindurch aus der unteren Öffnung 100 angesaugt wird und durch den noch geöffneten Kugelhahn 26 strömt. Erst nach diesem Spülvorgang wird der Kugelhahn 26 dann geschlossen, wie es anhand der Figuren 1 - 3 für den Befüllvorgang beschrieben wurde.In addition, the
An dem Fülltrichter 28 können zusätzlich hier nicht gezeigte Sensoren zur Überwachung des Wasserspiegels 102 sowie des Füllstandes 110 des Abrasivmittels 92 angeordnet sein, um automatisiert Wasser und Abrasivmittel nachfüllen zu können. Dies können z.B. Lichtschranken sein. Weitere Füllstandssensoren, beispielsweise in Form von Lichtschranken können an dem Zwischenbehälter 22 sowie dem Druckbehälter 12 angeordnet sein. Über Füllstandssensoren an dem Druckbehälter 12 kann detektiert werden, wann dieser befüllt werden muss. Über Füllstandssensoren an dem Zwischenbehälter 22 kann erfasst werden, wann dieser vollständig geleert ist, so dass der untere Kugelhahn 24 wieder geschlossen werden kann. Auch kann detektiert werden, wann der Zwischenbehälter 22 ausreichend mit Abrasivmittel gefüllt ist, bevor die Abrasivmittelzufuhr aus dem Fülltrichter 28 unterbrochen wird. So ist der ganze Befüllvorgang über eine Steuereinrichtung automatisierbar.At the
- 22
- Hochdruckpumpehigh pressure pump
- 44
- HochdruckleitungHigh-pressure line
- 66
- Austrittsdüseexhaust nozzle
- 88th
- Hauptzweigmain branch
- 1010
- Nebenzweigoffshoot
- 1212
- Druckbehälterpressure vessel
- 1414
- Mischpunktmixing point
- 1616
- Abrasivmittel-ZufuhrschleuseAbrasive supply lock
- 1818
- Schleusenkammerlock chamber
- 2020
- Einlaufbereichintake area
- 2222
- Zwischenbehälterintermediate container
- 2424
- ausgangsseitiger Kugelhahnoutput-side ball valve
- 2626
- eingangsseitiger Kugelhahninput-side ball valve
- 2828
- Fülltrichterhopper
- 3030
- Saugeinrichtungsuction
- 3232
- Zylindercylinder
- 3434
- Kolbenpiston
- 3636
- Antriebskolbendrive piston
- 3838
- Antriebszylinderdrive cylinder
- 4040
- Druckleitungpressure line
- 4242
- erstes Druckausgleichsventilfirst pressure compensation valve
- 4444
- Ablassleitungdrain line
- 4646
- zweites Druckausgleichsventilsecond pressure compensation valve
- 4848
- Ablaufprocedure
- 5050
- erster Druckaufnehmerfirst pressure transducer
- 5252
- zweiter Druckaufnehmersecond pressure transducer
- 5454
- Druckspeicheraccumulator
- 56, 5856, 58
- VentilValve
- 60, 6260, 62
- Ablassventiledrain valves
- 64, 6664, 66
- Rückschlagventilecheck valves
- 6868
- Drosselthrottle
- 7070
- Zylinder-AkkumulatorCylinder accumulator
- 7272
- erster Druckraumfirst pressure chamber
- 7474
- Kolbenpiston
- 7676
- zweiter Druckraumsecond pressure chamber
- 7878
- erstes Ventilfirst valve
- 8080
- zweites Ventilsecond valve
- 8282
- Ablaufprocedure
- 84, 8684, 86
- Pneumatikanschlüssepneumatic connections
- 8888
- Ausgangoutput
- 9090
- Wasserwater
- 9292
- Abrasivmittelabrasive
- 9494
- Verschlusselementclosure element
- 9696
- Verschlusstopfensealing plug
- 9898
- Rohrpipe
- 100100
- untere Öffnunglower opening
- 102102
- Wasserspiegelwater level
- 104104
- Pneumatikzylinderpneumatic cylinder
- 106106
- Spaltgap
- 108108
- obere Öffnungupper opening
- 110110
- Füllstandlevel
Claims (15)
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility with at least one high-pressure source (2) which provides a carrier fluid at a high pressure, at least one exit nozzle (6), a high-pressure conduit (4) connecting the high-pressure source (2) to the exit nozzle (6), as well as with an abrasive agent feed lock (16) which is connected to the high-pressure conduit (4) and which comprises an entry-side shut-off element (26) and an exit-side shut-off element (24) and is with a lock chamber (18) arranged between these,
characterised by
a suction device (30) which is designed for producing a reduced pressure in the lock chamber (18) and is connected to the lock chamber (18). - A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility according to claim 1, characterised in that the suction device (30) is designed as a cylinder (32) with a piston (34) which is movable in this cylinder, wherein one end of the cylinder (32) is open to the lock chamber (18).
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility according to claim 2, characterised in that the piston (34) is movable via an electric, pneumatic or hydraulic drive.
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the piston (34) is hydraulically movable, wherein the piston (34) is connected to a drive piston (36) in a drive cylinder (38), and the drive piston (36) in the inside of the drive cylinder (38) can be subjected to carrier fluid from the high-pressure conduit, for moving the piston (34).
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility according to claim 4, characterised in that the drive cylinder (38) is connected at at least one side of the drive piston (36) to the high-pressure conduit (4) via at least one valve (56, 58).
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the lock chamber (18) runs out via its exit-side shut-off element (24) into a pressure container (12) which is situated in the high-pressure conduit (4) or a branch (10) of the high-pressure conduit (4).
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility according to claim 6, characterised in that departing from the high-pressure source (2), a main branch (8) of the high-pressure conduit (4) is led past the pressure container (12), and the pressure container (12) is situated in an auxiliary branch (10) parallel to the main branch (8), wherein the main branch (8) and the auxiliary branch (10) unify upstream of the exit nozzle (6).
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the lock chamber (18) is connected to the high-pressure conduit (4) via a pressure conduit (40), wherein a first pressure compensation valve (42) in the form of a shut-off valve is arranged in the pressure conduit (40), and the lock chamber (18) can be subjected to pressure by way of opening this first pressure compensation valve (42).
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the lock chamber (18) is connected to a drain conduit (44) which is connected to a pressureless run-off (48)via a second pressure-compensation valve (46) in the form of a shut-off valve, wherein the drain conduit (44) can be opened to the pressureless run-off (48) by way of opening the second pressure compensation valve (46).
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the lock chamber (18) is connected to a drain conduit (44) which ends in a pressure space (72) of an accumulator (70).
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility according to claim 10, characterised in that the accumulator is designed as a cylinder accumulator (70), and the drain conduit (44) ends in a first pressure space (72) of the cylinder accumulator (70), in which cylinder accumulator a piston (74) separating the first pressure space (72) from a second pressure space (76) is movably arranged, wherein the second pressure space (76) can be subjected to pressure and relieved of pressure, via at least one valve (78, 80).
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility according to claim 11, characterised in that the second pressure space (76) of the cylinder accumulator (70) can be switchably brought into connection with the high-pressure conduit (4) or with a pressureless outlet (82), via at least one valve (78, 80).
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility according to one of the claims 10 to 12, characterised in that a throttle (68) is arranged in the drain conduit (44), upstream of the accumulator.
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the high-pressure conduit (4) is connected to at least one pressure accumulator (54).
- A water-abrasive suspension cutting facility according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the lock chamber (18) is connected via the entry side shut-off element (26) to an exit (88) of the abrasive agent reservoir (28), wherein a movable closure element (94) is arranged in the exit (88), said closure element being designed in a hollow manner and being open to an upper and to a lower end, wherein the closure element (94) with its lower end closes the exit (88) and with its upper end extends beyond a maximal filling level (110) for the abrasive agent (92).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL14727715T PL3126094T3 (en) | 2014-04-04 | 2014-04-04 | Water-abrasive-suspension cutting system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2014/056814 WO2015149867A1 (en) | 2014-04-04 | 2014-04-04 | Water-abrasive-suspension cutting system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3126094A1 EP3126094A1 (en) | 2017-02-08 |
EP3126094B1 true EP3126094B1 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
Family
ID=50884339
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14727715.6A Active EP3126094B1 (en) | 2014-04-04 | 2014-04-04 | Water-abrasive-suspension cutting system |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10189144B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3126094B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6275918B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR102216007B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN106163742B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2014388985B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2944227C (en) |
MX (1) | MX2016012954A (en) |
NO (1) | NO3126094T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3126094T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015149867A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11260503B2 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2022-03-01 | Flow International Corporation | Abrasive slurry delivery systems and methods |
CN105945735B (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2018-02-09 | 安徽傲宇数控科技有限公司 | A kind of fine jet diced system of high pressure |
EP3600766B1 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2024-02-14 | ANT Applied New Technologies AG | Water-abrasive-suspension cutting system |
CA3058494C (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2024-02-13 | Ant Applied New Technologies Ag | Water-abrasive-suspension cutting system and method for water-abrasive-suspension cutting |
EP3600768A1 (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2020-02-05 | ANT Applied New Technologies AG | Water-abrasive-suspension cutting system and method for water-abrasive-suspension cutting |
US11904435B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2024-02-20 | Ant Applied New Technologies Ag | Water-abrasive-suspension cutting system and method for water-abrasive-suspension cutting |
WO2018197018A1 (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-01 | Ant Applied New Technologies Ag | Water-abrasive-suspension cutting system |
CN110987699B (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2022-07-19 | 郑州大学 | Booster cylinder type liquid-solid mixed jet flow experimental device |
CN114227543B (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2023-05-23 | 烟台杰瑞石油装备技术有限公司 | Cutting device and cutting method |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS6112661U (en) | 1984-06-26 | 1986-01-24 | 村田機械株式会社 | Milling device in punch press machine |
CA1298708C (en) * | 1985-10-10 | 1992-04-14 | Roger Artinade Heron | Feeding abrasive material |
JPS62127305U (en) * | 1986-01-30 | 1987-08-12 | ||
JPH0753346B2 (en) * | 1986-07-01 | 1995-06-07 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | Abrasive replenishment method in descaling device |
JP2963158B2 (en) * | 1990-07-24 | 1999-10-12 | 株式会社不二精機製造所 | Slurry pumping type blasting machine |
CA2090371A1 (en) * | 1992-03-27 | 1993-09-28 | William Frank Banholzer | Water jet mixing tubes used in water jet cutting devices and method of preparation thereof |
JPH09512489A (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1997-12-16 | ビィ・エイチ・アール・グループ・リミテッド | Abrasive mixture supply system |
SG101445A1 (en) * | 2001-04-21 | 2004-01-30 | Jetsis Int Pte Ltd | Abrasive fluid jet system |
JP2008093802A (en) * | 2006-10-13 | 2008-04-24 | Towa Corp | Safety mechanism in abrasive suspension jet working device |
JP2009166198A (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2009-07-30 | Disco Abrasive Syst Ltd | Water jet machining device |
JP5261098B2 (en) * | 2008-09-18 | 2013-08-14 | 株式会社ディスコ | Water jet processing equipment |
WO2012065580A1 (en) * | 2010-11-20 | 2012-05-24 | Ant Applied New Technologies Ag | Water abrasive suspension jet cutting system |
JP5205481B2 (en) * | 2011-02-02 | 2013-06-05 | 株式会社スギノマシン | Abrasive water jet machine |
DE202012001127U1 (en) * | 2011-02-06 | 2012-05-08 | Dietmar Wacker | Apparatus for accelerating abrasive |
EP2755802B1 (en) | 2011-09-14 | 2016-04-06 | ANT Applied New Technologies AG | Device for waterjet cutting with abrasive |
GB201204253D0 (en) * | 2012-03-11 | 2012-04-25 | Miller Donald S | Abrasive suspension feed system |
CN103100984B (en) * | 2013-03-11 | 2015-03-04 | 重庆大学 | Abrasive automatic feeding device and using method |
US11260503B2 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2022-03-01 | Flow International Corporation | Abrasive slurry delivery systems and methods |
-
2014
- 2014-04-04 CN CN201480077755.XA patent/CN106163742B/en active Active
- 2014-04-04 AU AU2014388985A patent/AU2014388985B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2014-04-04 JP JP2017503051A patent/JP6275918B2/en active Active
- 2014-04-04 EP EP14727715.6A patent/EP3126094B1/en active Active
- 2014-04-04 US US15/301,499 patent/US10189144B2/en active Active
- 2014-04-04 WO PCT/EP2014/056814 patent/WO2015149867A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-04-04 PL PL14727715T patent/PL3126094T3/en unknown
- 2014-04-04 MX MX2016012954A patent/MX2016012954A/en unknown
- 2014-04-04 CA CA2944227A patent/CA2944227C/en active Active
- 2014-04-04 KR KR1020167026925A patent/KR102216007B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2014-04-04 NO NO14727715A patent/NO3126094T3/no unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO3126094T3 (en) | 2018-06-30 |
CA2944227C (en) | 2020-12-15 |
CN106163742A (en) | 2016-11-23 |
WO2015149867A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
JP2017512668A (en) | 2017-05-25 |
US10189144B2 (en) | 2019-01-29 |
JP6275918B2 (en) | 2018-02-07 |
KR102216007B1 (en) | 2021-02-16 |
MX2016012954A (en) | 2016-12-07 |
EP3126094A1 (en) | 2017-02-08 |
AU2014388985A1 (en) | 2016-10-20 |
PL3126094T3 (en) | 2018-07-31 |
CN106163742B (en) | 2018-04-03 |
KR20160141723A (en) | 2016-12-09 |
AU2014388985B2 (en) | 2019-01-03 |
US20170106499A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
CA2944227A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
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