EP3596769A1 - Funktionalisiertes, poröses gasführungsteil für elektrochemisches modul - Google Patents
Funktionalisiertes, poröses gasführungsteil für elektrochemisches modulInfo
- Publication number
- EP3596769A1 EP3596769A1 EP18716884.4A EP18716884A EP3596769A1 EP 3596769 A1 EP3596769 A1 EP 3596769A1 EP 18716884 A EP18716884 A EP 18716884A EP 3596769 A1 EP3596769 A1 EP 3596769A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- gas guide
- guide part
- cell unit
- space
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0232—Metals or alloys
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
- G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
- G06Q20/401—Transaction verification
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
- G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0241—Composites
- H01M8/0243—Composites in the form of mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0241—Composites
- H01M8/0245—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
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- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
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- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
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- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0637—Direct internal reforming at the anode of the fuel cell
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- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0675—Removal of sulfur
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- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0681—Reactant purification by the use of electrochemical cells
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- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
- H01M8/1226—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material characterised by the supporting layer
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/242—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/2432—Grouping of unit cells of planar configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a functionalized porous gas guide member for placement in an electrochemical module according to claim 1 and claim 4 and an electrochemical module according to claim 18.
- the porous gas guide part according to the invention is in a
- electrochemical module used, inter alia, as
- SOFC High-oxide solid oxide fuel cell
- SOEC solid oxide electrolyzer cell
- R-SOFC reversible solid oxide fuel cell
- electrochemical module a gas-tight solid electrolyte, which is arranged between a gas-permeable anode and gas-permeable cathode.
- the electrochemically active components such as anode, electrolyte and cathode are often formed as comparatively thin layers. A thereby necessary mechanical support function can by one of
- electrochemically active layers e.g. through the electrolyte, the anode or the cathode, which are then each made correspondingly thick (in these cases we speak of an electrolyte, anode or cathode-supported cell), or by an electrolyte these functional layers separately formed component, such as a ceramic or metallic carrier substrate.
- an electrolyte e.g. through the electrolyte, the anode or the cathode, which are then each made correspondingly thick (in these cases we speak of an electrolyte, anode or cathode-supported cell), or by an electrolyte these functional layers separately formed component, such as a ceramic or metallic carrier substrate.
- metallic carrier substrate e.g., metallic
- Carrier substrate is referred to as a metal supported cell (MSC).
- MSC metal supported cell
- the electrochemically active cells are as flat
- Metallic housing parts such., Interconnector, frame plate, gas lines, etc. are stacked on a stack and electrically contacted in series. Corresponding housing parts accomplish in the individual cells of the stack each separate supply of process gases, which in the case of a fuel cell, the supply of the fuel (for example, hydrogen or hydrocarbon-containing fuels such as natural gas or biogas) to the anode and the oxidant (oxygen, air) Means cathode, as well as the anode-side and cathode-side derivative of the gases produced during the electrochemical reaction.
- the fuel for example, hydrogen or hydrocarbon-containing fuels such as natural gas or biogas
- oxygen oxygen, air
- a process gas space is formed in each case within a stack on both sides of the electrolyte, it being of essential importance for the functioning of the stack that they are reliably separated from one another in a gas-tight manner.
- the stack can be in
- Process gas space in the case of a fuel cell, for example, the anode-side process gas space in which the fuel is supplied or the reaction product is discharged, is sealed gas-tight, while, for example, the
- the fuel cell is very sensitive to contamination of the fuel with, for example, sulfur or chlorine, which significantly affect the efficiency and lifetime and for what appropriate precautions must be taken , of
- hydrocarbon-containing fuel hydrogen gas can be generated.
- a industrially established process for this purpose is the steam reforming, in which in one Endothermic reaction of hydrogen is released and usually takes place in a stack upstream of the spatially separated apparatus.
- a so-called internal reforming is known in which the hydrogen production and the electrochemical reaction take place together at the anode and to the reforming catalyst directly at the anode or at an MSC directly on the electrochemically active metallic carrier substrate, where the electrochemical reaction of Fuel cell takes place, is arranged.
- An example of this is given in US 2012/0121999 A1, in which the electrochemically active region of the carrier substrate is functionalized with a reforming catalyst.
- the electrochemical module For high efficiency of the electrochemical module, it is important to uniformly supply the electrochemically active layers by the process gases, i. on the one hand a uniform supply of the educt gases or a uniform discharge of the resulting reaction gases. It should only occur the lowest possible pressure drop.
- the supply takes place within an electrochemical module in the horizontal direction by means of distribution structures, which are usually integrated in the interconnector.
- Interconnectors which also effect the electrical contacting of adjacent electrochemical cells, have for this purpose on both sides gas guiding structures, which may, for example, be knobbed or wavy.
- the interconnector is formed by a correspondingly shaped, metallic sheet-metal part, which is designed to be as thin as possible, as far as possible, in the same way as other components in the stack for weight optimization. This can be mechanical
- a uniform supply of hydrogen is particularly challenging in internal reforming, for example, as in US 2012/0121999 A1, since the formation of hydrogen depends on the flow of fuel gas and is also closely linked to the temperature distribution of the fuel cell.
- the object of the present invention consists in the further development of an electrochemical module and in the provision of a gas guide part with which the performance of the electrochemical module or its
- the gas guide part according to the invention is used for an electrochemical module, which is used as a high-temperature fuel cell or
- Solid oxide fuel cell SOFC
- solid oxide electrolyzer cell SOEC
- Solid oxide fuel cell R-SOFC
- the basic structure of such an electrochemical module has an electrochemical cell unit, which has a layer structure with at least one electrochemically active layer and can also include a carrier substrate.
- Electrochemically active layers are understood inter alia to be an anode, electrolyte or cathode layer, if appropriate the layer structure can also have further layers (made of, for example, cerium-gadolinium oxide between the electrolyte and the cathode). Not all of the electrochemically active layers must be present, but rather only one electrochemically active layer (for example the anode), preferably two
- electrochemically active layers eg anode and electrolyte
- electrochemical cell unit can be used as electrolyte supported cell (electrolyte supported cell), anode supported cell (anode supported cell) or as Formed cathode-supported cell (the eponymous layer is made thicker and performs a mechanical supporting function).
- the layer stack is on a porous, plate-shaped, metallic support substrate having a preferred thickness, typically in the range of 170 ⁇ m to 1.5 mm, in particular in the range of 250 ⁇ m 800 pm, arranged in a gas-permeable, central region.
- the carrier substrate forms part of the electrochemical cell unit.
- the application of the layers of the layer stack is carried out in a known manner, preferably by means of PVD (PVD: Physical
- Vapor phase deposition such as e.g. by sputtering, and / or thermal coating method such as e.g. Flame spraying or plasma spraying and / or by wet chemical methods such. Screen printing, wet powder coating, etc., wherein for the realization of the entire layer structure of a
- the anode is usually the electrochemically active layer following the carrier substrate, while the cathode is formed on the side of the electrolyte remote from the carrier substrate.
- Both the anode (in an MSC, for example, formed from a composite consisting of nickel and yttria fully stabilized zirconia) and the cathode (in an MSC, for example formed from mixed conducting perovskites such as (La, Sr) (Co, Fe) 03) are gas permeable .
- a gas-tight solid electrolyte made of a solid ceramic material of metal oxide e.g., yttria
- the solid electrolyte may also be conductive to protons, which relates to a younger generation of SOFCs (e.g.
- Solid electrolyte of metal oxide in particular of barium-zirconium oxide, barium-cerium oxide, lanthanum-tungsten oxide or lanthanum-niobium oxide).
- the electrochemical module further comprises at least one metallic gas-tight housing, which with the electrochemical cell unit a forms gas-tight process gas space.
- the process gas space is limited in the area of the electrochemical cell unit by the gas-tight electrolyte.
- the interconnector On the opposite side of the process gas space is usually limited by the interconnector, which is considered in the context of the present invention as part of the housing.
- the interconnector is gas-tightly connected to the gas-tight element of the electrochemical cell unit, optionally in combination with additional housing parts, in particular circumferential frame plates or the like, which form the remaining delimitation of the process gas space.
- the gas-tight connection of the interconnector preferably takes place by means of soldering and / or soldering
- Circumferential frame plates which in turn are gas-tightly connected to the carrier substrate and so together with the gas-tight electrolyte gas-tight
- Form process gas chamber for electrolyte-supported cells, attachment may be by sintered connections or by application of sealant (e.g., glass solder).
- sealant e.g., glass solder
- the housing extends on at least one side of the electrochemical cell unit beyond the region of the electrochemical cell unit and forms a subspace of the process gas space as a
- Process gas space is therefore subdivided (thought) into two subregions, into an inner region directly below the layer structure of the
- electrochemical cell unit and in a, surrounding the inner region process gas guiding space.
- the gas passage openings for example, in Edge area of the interconnector and in housing parts such as circumferential
- the supply of the electrochemical cell unit in the inner region of the process gas space by means of distribution structures, which are preferably integrated into the interconnector.
- the interconnector is embodied by a correspondingly shaped metallic sheet metal part, which is, for example, knob-shaped or wavy.
- the anode In operation of the electrochemical module as SOFC, the anode becomes fuel (eg, hydrogen or conventional hydrocarbons, such as
- Methane, natural gas, biogas, etc. possibly completely or partially pre-reformed fed through the gas passage opening and distribution structures of the interconnector and there oxidized catalytically with release of electrons.
- the electrons are derived from the fuel cell and flow via an electrical load to the cathode.
- At the cathode becomes an oxidizing agent
- the electrical circuit is closed by flowing in an oxygen ion conductive electrolyte flowing at the cathode oxygen ions to the anode via the electrolyte and to the corresponding
- Interfaces react with the fuel.
- a redox reaction is forced using electric current, for example a conversion of water into hydrogen and oxygen.
- the structure of the SOEC substantially corresponds to the structure of an SOFC outlined above, in which the role of cathode and anode is reversed.
- a reversible solid oxide fuel cell (R-SOFC) is operable as both SOEC and SOFC.
- a gas guide member which is preferably produced by powder metallurgy and therefore porous or at least partially porous, if it is post-treated by pressing or local melting, for example, at the edge or on the surface.
- the gas guide part is arranged in the region of the process gas guiding space.
- the porous structure of the gas guide part serves to increase the surface with which the process gas in the area of
- Process gas guiding space can interact.
- the surface of the gas guide part is at least partially functionalized, whereby a reactive or catalytically active surface is ready for manipulation of the process gases.
- gases can be treated on the educt side, in particular cleaned and / or reformed, and gases can be post-processed on the product side, in particular cleaned.
- the gas guide part is functionalized by a with the
- the catalytic and / or reactive material can therefore already be added to the starting powder for the production of the sintered gas guide part ("alloyed") and / or after the sintering process by a coating process on the surface of the gas guide member, which comes into contact with the process gas, are applied .
- Coating process can be carried out by conventional methods known in the art, for example by means of different deposition processes from the gas phase (physical vapor deposition, chemical
- porous surface structure is preserved in the coating process, i.
- the porous surface should not be overlaid with a cover layer, but primarily only the (inner) surface of the porous structure should be coated.
- a functionalization by means of a superficial coating is particularly advantageous on the whole because comparatively less catalytically and / or reactive material is required than if the catalytically and / or reactive material is added to the material for the gas-conducting part.
- Gas guide part have no immediate negative impact on the
- the gas guide part is designed as a separate component of the electrochemical cell unit and the housing.
- the gas guide part is to be arranged within the
- Adapted process gas guiding space in other words, its shape is adapted to the interior of the process gas guiding space.
- the gas guide part is formed flat and has a flat body with a main extension plane.
- Gas guide part as a support element in the vertical direction (in the stacking direction of the electrochemical modules) executed.
- its thickness is selected according to the internal space height of the process gas guiding space, so that it rests with its upper side on an upper housing part of the process gas guiding space and with its lower side on a lower housing part of the process gas guiding space and therefore compression of the housing edge area is prevented when applying a contact pressure.
- a planar configuration of the gas guide part also the bending and torsional rigidity of
- Enclosure edge area increases and so the enclosure edge area before
- Edge of the module additional stresses of the welds or other, for example, soldered or sintered joints between the individual housing parts or the electrochemical cell unit, which in practice often represent weak points in terms of gas tightness avoided.
- Gas guide part within the process gas guide space advantageously completely in the process gas guidance space, ie in the process gas space completely outside the area directly below the layer structure of the
- electrochemical cell unit arranged.
- Process gas guide space is arranged, the functionalized
- Process gas management space or a portion thereof that is, as part of the housing of the process gas guide space) to be executed.
- the gas guide part is preferably formed by the edge region of the metallic carrier substrate, which extends beyond the region of the electrochemical cell unit.
- Gas guide part is thus through the edge part of the metallic
- Carrier substrate on which no electrochemically active layers are arranged formed.
- the gas guide part is shared with the
- Carrier substrate preferably monolithic, i. made in one piece.
- the functionalization is preferably carried out by means of an element or a compound which is not yet contained in the base material of the carrier substrate.
- an element or a compound which is not yet contained in the base material of the carrier substrate In particular, in the case of a Fe and / or Cr-containing
- Carrier substrate still provided an additional element or an additional compound as a functionalization. So that the gas guide part in this
- the porous gas guide part must be made gas-tight, which, for example, by
- Process gas guidance space remote from the side can be achieved.
- the gas guide part as an integral part of
- the edge region of the carrier substrate via whose Gas passage openings the process gas is fed, different from the edge region of the carrier substrate, through the gas passage openings, the process gas is derived, be functionalized.
- the gas guide part has an important task in improving the gas flow within the process gas guide space.
- gas line structures may be formed on the gas guide part, which gas flows into the inner region of the gas flowing through the gas passage openings
- the gas line structures can be designed differently, depending on whether the gas guide part a gas distributor or a
- Gas guide member may be coupled to the shape of the gas routing structures, i. it can be specifically designed to be more intensive in those surface areas that have a more intensive contact with the process gas.
- the process gas guide space facing surface is provided with corresponding gas line structures.
- continuous gas passage openings may be integrated, wherein in the arrangement in the electrochemical module, the gas passage openings of the gas guide part with the gas passage openings of the
- Process gas guide chamber (housing) are aligned with each other, so that a vertically continuous gas channel is formed within the stack.
- the gas guide member is at least in one direction in the main plane of extension of the gas passage opening to a lateral, the inner
- Gas guide part generally or at least in this direction have an open, continuous porosity, in which case in particular the inner surface, where the process gas flows past, is functionalized.
- the gas permeability (porosity) of the gas-conducting part can vary spatially (for example by grading the porosity or locally different compression of the gas-conducting part, in particular by inhomogeneous pressing) or for a higher one
- the gas guide member may alternatively or additionally along the main plane of extension at least one channel or a plurality of channels.
- the one or more channels whose surface are advantageously functionalized, are preferably formed on the surface and can, for example by milling, pressing or rolling with appropriate
- a porous gas guide part with a closed porosity and a superficial channel structure which runs from the gas passage opening to a lateral edge, is also considered to be gas-permeable from the gas passage opening to the lateral edge. It is also conceivable that the channel or channels extend at least in sections over the entire thickness of the gas guide part, that is, that the channels are not only superficially formed.
- the advantage of this embodiment is a higher gas flow rate, but care must be taken that the component remains integral and not
- the gas guide part according to the invention is produced by powder metallurgy, wherein the material for the functionalization is added to the starting powder already during the production of the sintered component and / or the surface of the component is at least partially occupied by it after the sintering process.
- starting material for the production of the gas guide part is a preferably metal-containing powder, preferably a powder of a corrosion-resistant alloy such as a powder of a Cr (chromium) and / or Fe (iron) based material combination, ie the Cr and Fe content is in total at least 50 wt.% , preferably in total at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight.
- Gas guide part consists in this case of a ferritic alloy.
- the preferably powder-metallurgical production of the gas-conducting part takes place in a known manner by pressing the starting powder (optionally with addition of the material for the functionalization), optionally with the addition of organic binders, and subsequent sintering process.
- the gas-conducting part when using the gas-conducting part as a separately formed component in an MSC, the gas-conducting part preferably consists of the same or a substantially identical (that is, only with the addition of the material to the
- the gas guide part according to the invention is used in an electrochemical module, in particular in an MSC.
- the gas guide parts may differ in terms of the material used, their shape, porosity, the shape of the formed gas line structures such as the channel structures, etc.
- the functionalization of the gas guide parts used for the supply and discharge of the process gases may differ and be optimized for the different tasks. While that
- Gas guide part which is used in the supply of process gases (educt gases), adapted for the treatment of educt gases, is the
- Gas guide part which is used for the discharge of process gases (product gases), adapted for post-processing of the product gases.
- the gas-conducting part when used in a SOFC, can be functionalized for the catalytic reforming of the educt gas.
- the following materials have been proven (Especially when using a gas guide part of a
- these materials can be alloyed into the base material or applied by coating processes to the surface streamed by the process gas (for example by means of dip coating (suspension dipping) or different deposition processes from the gas phase), whereby alloying or gas phase separation processes are based on a dipping process
- the gas-conducting part can be further functionalized to purify the educt gas against impurities such as sulfur, chlorine, oxygen and / or carbon.
- impurities such as sulfur, chlorine, oxygen and / or carbon.
- the impurities react with the introduced materials, whereby the risk of possible
- Oxidative Damage to the electrochemically active layers of the cell unit is reduced.
- elements (getter atoms) for purifying the educt gas of sulfur and / or chlorine are used: Ni, cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), scandium (Sc) and / or cerium (Ce), Ni due to its above mentioned Properties in terms of catalytic reforming and Ce are preferred.
- Oxygen is Cr, copper (Cu) and / or titanium (Ti), with Ti being particularly advantageous for carbon because of its retentive effect and thus because of its simultaneous action to prevent soot formation.
- these getter atoms typically can only retain residual amounts in the ppm range, this will increase the performance and lifetime of the getter
- Electrochemical module measurably positively influenced.
- the introduction of the materials is also done here by alloying in the base material,
- the product gas (exhaust gas) can be purified by a correspondingly functionalized gas-conducting part, especially with regard to impurities with volatile Cr ions.
- a correspondingly functionalized gas-conducting part especially with regard to impurities with volatile Cr ions.
- Oxidization against Cr impurities can be carried out by oxide ceramics such as Cu-Ni-Mn spinels of the structure AB2O4 (where A is an element from the group Cu or Ni and B is the element manganese (Mn)), which by means of vapor deposition, dipping or
- Application method can be done with suspensions or pastes or by conversion of the metallic elements.
- the gas guide part may be functionalized with oxygen getter.
- oxygen getter are: Ti, Cu or substoichiometric spinel compounds, preference being given to using Ti and / or Cu.
- These two metals are preferably applied to the porous surface of the gas guide member by a vapor deposition method.
- suppression of back diffusion may be further assisted by suitable gas routing structures.
- the gas-conducting part on the educt gas side can be functionalized with Ni, Pt, Pd (and / or oxides of these metals), Co, Cr, Sc, Cer, Cu and / or Ti.
- Possible functionalizations of the gas-conducting part on the product side include Ti, Cu and / or oxidic ceramics, in particular Cu-Ni-Mn spinels.
- Preferred combinations for the functionalization of the gas guide parts on the educt gas side and product gas side comprise Ni or NiO on the
- Fig. 1a a first embodiment of a functionalized
- Gas guide part for use in an electrochemical module in perspective view
- Fig. 1c the gas guide part of Figure 1a in a side view.
- Fig. 2 a first embodiment of the electrochemical module, each with a gas guide part according to Fig. 1a-c for the process gas supply space for supply and discharge of the process gases in an exploded view (it should be noted that the electrochemical module in Fig. 2 in Compared to the modules in Fig. 3 for better visibility of the channels upside down);
- FIG. 3 shows a stack with three electrochemical modules according to FIG. 2 in FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows a stack with three electrochemical modules according to FIG. 4 in FIG.
- FIG. 1a shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of the functionalized gas-conducting part (10), which is designed as a separate component and is arranged in the electrochemical module, in particular in a SOFC, within the process gas-guiding space.
- Fig. 1b shows the gas guide part (10) in plan view and in Fig. 1c in a side view from the side (A), in the arrangement in
- the gas guide member (10) became powder metallurgical of an Fe base Alloy with Fe> 50 wt.% And 15 to 35 wt.% Cr produced. It was a powder with a particle size ⁇ 150 ⁇ , in particular ⁇ 100 ⁇ chosen so that after the sintering process, the porous gas guide member has a porosity of preferably 20 to 60%, in particular 40 to 50%. The particle size is the smaller to choose, the thinner the gas guide member is to be formed. Preferably, an open porosity is set (ie gas exchange between individual adjacent pores is possible).
- the planar gas guide part has a plurality of gas passage openings (11), in the illustrated variant three central gas passage openings (11) through which the process gas is supplied or discharged during operation of the electrochemical module.
- the process gas stream is additionally directed by gas line structures, in the present
- the process gas flows from the
- Process gas space continues to flow, which is supplied by the many channels as evenly as possible.
- the gas guide part for discharging the process gases the gas flows in the reverse direction.
- the surface of the gas-conducting part was coated on the side with the channels in a PVD system with a functional layer (14) with a thickness of ⁇ 1 ⁇ m. Care was taken to ensure that the porous
- Gas guide parts are intended for use in an SOFC.
- a first embodiment of the gas-conducting part was coated with Ni, a second with NiO.
- Both gas guide parts are used in the treatment of fuel gases; the functionalized surface of both embodiments serves as a catalyst for the reforming of the fuel gas and also has a getter effect against chlorine and sulfur.
- a Ti coating was chosen, which causes a filtration of the exhaust gas flow to Cr ions.
- FIG. 2 shows in one
- Cell unit (21) which consists of a powder metallurgically produced, porous, metallic carrier substrate (22) on which in a gas-permeable region, a layer structure (23) is applied with at least one electrochemically active layer.
- the carrier substrate (22) with the layer structure (23) is gas-tight pressed at the edge and has a plate-shaped basic structure, which may also be locally curved, for example, wave-shaped embodiments in order to increase the surface on a smaller scale.
- a plate-shaped basic structure which may also be locally curved, for example, wave-shaped embodiments in order to increase the surface on a smaller scale.
- Carrier substrate (22) is in each case an interconnector (24), which in
- a rib structure (24a). The longitudinal direction of the rib structure extends in the
- the interconnector (24) extends on two opposite sides over the region of the electrochemical cell unit (21) and is located at its outer edge on a the electrochemical cell unit encircling frame plate (25).
- the peripheral frame plate (25) is gas-tight at the inner edge with the electrochemical cell unit (21) and connected at the outer edge via a circumferential weld gas-tight with the interconnector (24).
- Interconnector (24) thus form part of a metallic, gas-tight
- Housing which defines a gas-tight process gas space (26) with the electrochemical cell unit (21).
- the process gas space (26) is (thought) in two opposing subspaces - the two
- a first process gas guiding space (27) serves
- Gas outlet openings (28 ') the discharge of the process gases accomplished (the gas passage openings are not shown in Fig. 3, since the section is located laterally of the gas passage openings).
- the gas flow in the vertical direction (stacking direction of the stack (B)) by corresponding channel structures, which are usually formed in the gas passage openings by separate depositors (29), seals and by targeted application of sealant (such as glass solder).
- Gas guide member (10) arranged whose surface is functionalized for the treatment of the educt gas (reforming, purification). That for the
- Post-processing of the product gases functionalized gas guide part (10 ') is disposed within the opposite process gas guide space (27') for the discharge of the product gases.
- the gas guide parts (10, 10 ') used for the supply line and discharge therefore preferably have one
- gas guide parts can also differ with regard to other properties (base material, shape, porosity, geometry of the channels, etc.) and be optimized independently of each other for their intended use.
- gas guide parts (10,10 ') as a supporting element in
- the gas guide parts (10,10 ') are each with their top on the frame plate (25), the upper delimitation of the respective process gas guide space (27, 27'), and with its underside on the interconnector (24), the lower boundary of the respective
- Process gas management room on. Particularly advantageous is a flat system, at the top and / or on the underside of the respective
- the thickness of the gas guide part therefore corresponds to the interior space height of the respective process gas guide space (27, 27 ').
- the superficially formed channels (12) are located at the bottom of the gas guide parts (0,10 '). Due to the planar design of the gas guide parts, the bending and torsional stiffness of the housing edge region, which consists of a thin frame plate (25) and thin interconnector (24),
- the functionalized gas guide parts are spot welded to the housing and fixed so.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show a second embodiment of the invention
- electrochemical module (20 ') in which the gas guide members (10 ", 10"') form part of the housing and are integral with the support substrate (22 ').
- the porous carrier substrate (22 ') is gas-tight pressed on two opposite sides in each case at the edge region, in each of which gas passage openings (11, 11') are integrated.
- the edge region can also be made gas-tight on the side facing the layer structure (23) by a reflow process, for example by means of laser beam melting.
- opposite edge regions of the carrier substrate are outside the gas-permeable region with the layer structure (23). They each represent a gas guide part (10 ", 10" ') and border the two
- gas line structures (12) can optionally be attached to the underside (the interior of the
- edge region (10 ") of the carrier substrate assigned to the feed line of the fuel gas is coated on its underside with Ni; the edge region (10"') associated with the discharge of the exhaust gas is coated on its underside with Ti.
- Product side include Ti, Cu and / or oxide ceramics, in particular Cu-Ni-Mn spinels.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATGM55/2017U AT15927U1 (de) | 2017-03-16 | 2017-03-16 | Funktionalisiertes, poröses Gasführungsteil für elektrochemisches Modul |
PCT/AT2018/000008 WO2018165683A1 (de) | 2017-03-16 | 2018-02-22 | Funktionalisiertes, poröses gasführungsteil für elektrochemisches modul |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3596769A1 true EP3596769A1 (de) | 2020-01-22 |
Family
ID=63521628
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP18716884.4A Withdrawn EP3596769A1 (de) | 2017-03-16 | 2018-02-22 | Funktionalisiertes, poröses gasführungsteil für elektrochemisches modul |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20200020957A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3596769A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2020511754A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20190128188A (de) |
CN (1) | CN110603677A (de) |
AT (1) | AT15927U1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA3055590A1 (de) |
TW (1) | TW201836207A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018165683A1 (de) |
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JP7070291B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-27 | 2022-05-18 | トヨタ車体株式会社 | 燃料電池スタック |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DK174654B1 (da) * | 2000-02-02 | 2003-08-11 | Topsoe Haldor As | Faststofoxid brændselscelle og anvendelser heraf |
CN100464457C (zh) * | 2000-12-28 | 2009-02-25 | 三菱综合材料株式会社 | 燃料电池组件的分配器 |
DE10135333A1 (de) | 2001-07-19 | 2003-02-06 | Elringklinger Ag | Brennstoffzelleneinheit |
JP4329345B2 (ja) * | 2003-01-21 | 2009-09-09 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 内部改質式燃料電池 |
WO2005027247A1 (de) * | 2003-09-08 | 2005-03-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Interkonnektor für hochtemperatur-brennstoffzelleneinheit |
DE102007024225A1 (de) * | 2007-05-11 | 2008-11-13 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Trägervorrichtung für eine elektrochemische Funktionseinrichtung, Brennstoffzellenmodul und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Trägervorrichtung |
DE102007034967A1 (de) * | 2007-07-26 | 2009-01-29 | Plansee Se | Brennstoffzelle und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
FR2945378B1 (fr) * | 2009-05-11 | 2011-10-14 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Cellule de pile a combustible haute temperature a reformage interne d'hydrocarbures. |
DE102009037148B4 (de) * | 2009-08-06 | 2014-02-20 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Festoxid-Brennstoffzellen-System |
JP2012226889A (ja) * | 2011-04-18 | 2012-11-15 | Hitachi Ltd | 燃料電池用セパレータ及びこれを用いた燃料電池 |
AT14455U3 (de) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-05-15 | Plansee Se | Elektrochemisches Modul |
-
2017
- 2017-03-16 AT ATGM55/2017U patent/AT15927U1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2018
- 2018-02-22 CN CN201880017912.6A patent/CN110603677A/zh active Pending
- 2018-02-22 EP EP18716884.4A patent/EP3596769A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-02-22 JP JP2019550808A patent/JP2020511754A/ja active Pending
- 2018-02-22 US US16/494,483 patent/US20200020957A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-02-22 CA CA3055590A patent/CA3055590A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-02-22 WO PCT/AT2018/000008 patent/WO2018165683A1/de unknown
- 2018-02-22 KR KR1020197028989A patent/KR20190128188A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-03-07 TW TW107107702A patent/TW201836207A/zh unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20190128188A (ko) | 2019-11-15 |
WO2018165683A1 (de) | 2018-09-20 |
CN110603677A (zh) | 2019-12-20 |
AT15927U1 (de) | 2018-09-15 |
JP2020511754A (ja) | 2020-04-16 |
TW201836207A (zh) | 2018-10-01 |
CA3055590A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 |
US20200020957A1 (en) | 2020-01-16 |
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