EP3595406A1 - Ceramic heater - Google Patents
Ceramic heater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3595406A1 EP3595406A1 EP19185691.3A EP19185691A EP3595406A1 EP 3595406 A1 EP3595406 A1 EP 3595406A1 EP 19185691 A EP19185691 A EP 19185691A EP 3595406 A1 EP3595406 A1 EP 3595406A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flange
- ceramic
- heater
- axial direction
- ceramic heater
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
- H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/02—Details
- H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/16—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being mounted on an insulating base
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
- H05B3/82—Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/009—Heaters using conductive material in contact with opposing surfaces of the resistive element or resistive layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a ceramic heater for use, for example, in a warm water washing toilet seat, an electric water heater, and a 24-hour bath.
- a warm water washing toilet seat includes a heat exchange unit having a ceramic heater, and a heat exchanger constituted by a container made of resin.
- the ceramic heater is used for heating washing water in the heat exchanger.
- a heat exchange unit (heat exchanger) having a resinous container is used for a warm water washing toilet seat.
- the heat exchange unit has a tubular ceramic heater mounted thereto in order to heat washing water in the heat exchanger.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open ( kokai ) No. 2017-069083
- a ground wire is connected to a metal flange to ground the heater to the outside.
- glass for joining the flange has insulating properties. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6 , when the flange is covered by glass up to the outer surface, the outer surface of the flange may not be exposed to water. In this case, since the flange and water do not contact with each other, the heater may not be grounded to the outside.
- a ceramic heater includes: a heater body that is made of ceramic, has a tubular shape, and extends in an axial direction; and a flange that is made of a metal, has an annular shape, and is fitted onto the heater body.
- a ground wire is connected to the flange.
- the flange has a recess-shaped portion which includes a side portion that has a cylindrical shape and extends in the axial direction, and a bottom portion that is continuous with the side portion and is curved so as to have a radius which reduces in a radial direction.
- the recess-shaped portion is filled with an insulating material, and is joined to the heater body via the insulating material.
- the flange further has an extension portion that is continuous with the bottom portion, and extends toward an end side in the axial direction, wherein the extension portion is adapted to be directly exposed to water.
- the ceramic heater having such a structure can be assuredly grounded to the outside via the ground wire by the extension portion being directly exposed to water.
- the extension portion may protrude beyond the insulating material toward the end side in the axial direction.
- the extension portion protrudes beyond the insulating material toward the end side in the axial direction, whereby the extension portion can be easily exposed to water.
- the insulating material may be formed from glass.
- the extension portion may protrude in a length of 0.5 mm or more from an outer surface of the bottom portion.
- the extension portion protrudes in a length of 0.5 mm or more from the outer surface of the bottom potion, the extension portion can be easily exposed to water.
- a ceramic heater and a method for producing the ceramic heater according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 8 .
- a ceramic heater 11 according to the present embodiment is, for example, used for heating washing water in a heat exchanger of a heat exchange unit in a warm water washing toilet seat.
- the ceramic heater 11 includes a cylindrical ceramic heater body 13, and an annular metal flange 15 which is fitted onto the heater body 13.
- the heater body 13 includes a ceramic tube 17, and a ceramic layer 19 that covers almost the entirety of the outer circumference of the ceramic tube 17.
- the ceramic tube 17 is set so as to have an outer diameter of 10 mm, an inner diameter of 8 mm, and a length of 65 mm
- the ceramic layer 19 is set so as to have a thickness of 0.5 mm and a length of 60 mm.
- the ceramic layer 19 does not fully cover the outer circumference of the ceramic tube 17. Therefore, an outer circumferential surface 14 of the heater body 13 has a groove 21 formed so as to extend along the axial direction and have, for example, a width of 1 mm and a depth of 0.5 mm.
- the ceramic tube 17 and the ceramic layer 19 of the heater body 13 are formed from, for example, alumina.
- the alumina has a thermal expansion coefficient in a range of 50 ⁇ 10 -7 /K to 90 ⁇ 10 -7 /K, and the alumina according to the present embodiment has a thermal expansion coefficient of 70 ⁇ 10 -7 /K (30°C to 380°C) .
- a heater pattern layer 22 having a meandering pattern shape, and a pair of internal terminals 23 are formed on the inner circumferential surface (the surface on the ceramic tube 17 side) of the ceramic layer 19 or inside the ceramic layer 19.
- the internal terminals 23 are electrically connected, through a not-illustrated via conductor or the like, to external terminals 25 (see FIG. 1 ) disposed at end portions, on the outer circumferential surface, of the ceramic layer 19.
- the flange 15 is, for example, an annular member formed from a metal such as stainless steel, and, in the flange 15, the center portion of a plate material is bent toward a first surface S1 side to form a recess (cup shape). More specifically, the flange 15 of the present embodiment is, for example, formed by a plate material having a thickness of 1 mm being bent. A hole 27 is formed, at the center portion of the plate material, so as to penetrate through the first surface S1 that is an inner surface and a second surface S2 that is an outer surface. In the present embodiment, the inner diameter of a recess-shaped portion 16 on the opening side (that is, the upper side in FIG.
- the inner diameter of the recess-shaped portion 16 on the bottom side (that is, the lower side in FIG. 4B ), that is, the inner diameter of the hole 27 is set as, for example, 12 mm.
- a ground wire 34 (see FIG. 1 ) is connected at the opening of the recess-shaped portion 16 to ground the ceramic heater to the outside.
- the entire height H1 (the up-down direction in FIG. 4B ) of the flange 15 is, for example, 6 mm.
- the flange 15 includes a bottom portion 29 which is curved with a radius r (for example, 1.5 mm), a cylindrical side portion 31 that extends upward (in the axial direction) from the bottom portion 29, and an extension portion 32 that extends downward (in the axial direction) from the bottom portion 29. That is, the flange 15 has the recess-shaped portion 16 which includes: the cylindrical side portion 31 that extends in the axial direction; and the bottom portion 29 that is continuous with the side portion 31 and is curved so as to reduce the diameter in the radial direction.
- the flange 15 further includes the extension portion 32 that is continuous with the bottom portion 29, extends toward the end side in the axial direction, and is directly exposed to water.
- a height H2 from the outer surface, on the end side, of the bottom portion 29 to a lower end of the extension portion 32 is 1.5 mm
- a height H3 from the outer surface, on the end side, of the bottom portion 29 to the upper end of the opening is 4.5 mm.
- the radius r represents a radius on the cross-section taken along the axial direction.
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal of the flange 15 has a value in a range of 100 ⁇ 10 -7 /K to 200 ⁇ 10 -7 /K.
- the thermal expansion coefficient is 178 ⁇ 10 -7 /K (30°C to 380°C)
- the thermal expansion coefficient is 110 ⁇ 10 -7 /K (30°C to 380°C).
- a space surrounded by the outer circumferential surface 14 of the heater body 13 and the first surface S1 that is the inner surface of the flange 15 is a glass-accumulated portion 35 which is filled with glass 33.
- the glass 33 portion is indicated by hatching.
- a first end represents the upper end in FIG. 3
- a second end represents the lower end in FIG. 3
- the first end of a wiring portion disposed between paired wiring portions when the ceramic sheet 19 is viewed in the thickness direction is connected via a connection portion to the first end of an adjacent wiring portion
- the second end of the wiring portion disposed therebetween is connected via the connection portion to the second end of an adjacent wiring portion.
- the glass-accumulated portion 35 is filled with the glass 33 up to 1/3 or more of a height H4 of the glass-accumulated portion 35, and the heater body 13 and the recess-shaped portion 16 of the flange 15 are welded and bonded to each other via the glass 33.
- the glass 33 for example, Na 2 O ⁇ Al 2 O 3 ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ SiO 2 based glass, that is, Al 2 O 3 ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ SiO 2 based glass (borosilicate glass) is used.
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass 33 has a value in a range of 50 ⁇ 10 -7 /K to 90 ⁇ 10 -7 /K (30°C to 380°C), and is 62 ⁇ 10 -7 /K (30°C to 380°C) in the present embodiment.
- a gap 39 that has a size of, for example, about 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm is formed between an inner surface 28 of the hole 27 disposed on the bottom portion 29 side of the recess-shaped portion 16, and the outer circumferential surface 14 of the heater body 13.
- the dimension Y of the gap 39 is set to be about 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm. A part of the glass 33 with which the glass-accumulated portion 35 on the first surface S1 side is filled, flows into the gap 39 in the axial direction along the outer circumferential surface 14 of the heater body 13.
- the extension portion 32 is formed so as to extend downward (in the axial direction) from the bottom portion 29 of the flange 15 and include the circumferential edge of the hole 27 on the second surface S2 side. In other words, the extension portion 32 extends downward from the bottom portion 29.
- the extension portion 32 of the present embodiment is formed by the lower end of the bottom portion 29 being bent.
- the extension portion 32 having such a structure is disposed on the second surface S2 side, the flange 15 protrudes toward the end side beyond a region in which the glass 33 flows along the axial direction.
- the extension portion 32 is not covered by the glass 33, and is assuredly exposed to water, whereby the ceramic heater can be assuredly grounded via the ground wire 34 to the outside.
- a cylindrical ceramic tube 17 made of an alumina-based material is preliminarily baked.
- a metal such as tungsten having a high melting point is printed on the surface of a ceramic sheet 51 made of an alumina-based material, or inside the stacked sheets.
- a pattern 53 which forms the heater pattern layer 22, the internal terminals 23, and the external terminals 25 at a later stage is formed.
- ceramic paste (alumina paste) is applied to the one side surface of the ceramic sheet 51, and, as shown in FIG. 8C , the ceramic sheet 51 is wound around and adhered to the outer circumferential surface of the ceramic tube 17, and the ceramic sheet 51 and the ceramic tube 17 are integrally baked. Thereafter, the external terminals 25 are nickel-plated to form the heater body 13.
- a plate material formed from stainless steel is press-molded to form the flange 15 which is cup-shaped.
- the flange 15 is fitted onto the heater body 13 at a predetermined mounting position, as shown in FIG. 8D .
- the heater body 13 and the flange 15 are supported by a not-illustrated tool.
- a glass material formed from borosilicate glass is press-molded so as to be ring-shaped, and the obtained product is calcined at 640°C for 30 minutes to produce a calcined glass material 55.
- the ring-shaped glass material 55 having been calcined is disposed in the glass-accumulated portion 35 between the heater body 13 and the flange 15.
- the obtained product in this state is put into a continuous furnace for baking, to adhere the heater body 13 and the flange 15 by the glass.
- the obtained product is heated in the continuous furnace in a reducing atmosphere (for example, N 2 +5%H 2 ) at a welding temperature (1015°C) for a predetermined period of time, to fuse the calcined glass material 55.
- the calcined glass material 55 is cooled to room temperature (for example, 25°C) and solidified, whereby the heater body 13 and the flange 15 are welded and fixed via the glass 33, to complete the ceramic heater 11.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present disclosure relates to a ceramic heater for use, for example, in a warm water washing toilet seat, an electric water heater, and a 24-hour bath.
- In general, a warm water washing toilet seat includes a heat exchange unit having a ceramic heater, and a heat exchanger constituted by a container made of resin. The ceramic heater is used for heating washing water in the heat exchanger.
- In general, a heat exchange unit (heat exchanger) having a resinous container is used for a warm water washing toilet seat. The heat exchange unit has a tubular ceramic heater mounted thereto in order to heat washing water in the heat exchanger.
- As this type of ceramic heater, a ceramic heater, in which an annular metal flange is fitted onto a cylindrical ceramic heater body and the heater body and the flange are joined to each other via glass, is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (kokai) No.
2017-069083 - In order to prevent an accident in which a heater portion is exposed to water to cause electric leakage due to, for example, a crack being generated in the surface of the ceramic heater, a ground wire is connected to a metal flange to ground the heater to the outside. However, glass for joining the flange has insulating properties. Therefore, as shown in
FIG. 6 , when the flange is covered by glass up to the outer surface, the outer surface of the flange may not be exposed to water. In this case, since the flange and water do not contact with each other, the heater may not be grounded to the outside. - A ceramic heater according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes: a heater body that is made of ceramic, has a tubular shape, and extends in an axial direction; and a flange that is made of a metal, has an annular shape, and is fitted onto the heater body. A ground wire is connected to the flange. The flange has a recess-shaped portion which includes a side portion that has a cylindrical shape and extends in the axial direction, and a bottom portion that is continuous with the side portion and is curved so as to have a radius which reduces in a radial direction. The recess-shaped portion is filled with an insulating material, and is joined to the heater body via the insulating material. The flange further has an extension portion that is continuous with the bottom portion, and extends toward an end side in the axial direction, wherein the extension portion is adapted to be directly exposed to water.
- The ceramic heater having such a structure can be assuredly grounded to the outside via the ground wire by the extension portion being directly exposed to water.
- Furthermore, in the ceramic heater according to one aspect of the present disclosure, the extension portion may protrude beyond the insulating material toward the end side in the axial direction.
- In the ceramic heater having such a structure, the extension portion protrudes beyond the insulating material toward the end side in the axial direction, whereby the extension portion can be easily exposed to water.
- Furthermore, in the ceramic heater according to one aspect of the present disclosure, the insulating material may be formed from glass.
- For the ceramic heater having such a structure, a process step of joining the flange can be simplified.
- Furthermore, in the ceramic heater according to one aspect of the present disclosure, the extension portion may protrude in a length of 0.5 mm or more from an outer surface of the bottom portion.
- In the ceramic heater having such a structure, since the extension portion protrudes in a length of 0.5 mm or more from the outer surface of the bottom potion, the extension portion can be easily exposed to water.
-
- [
FIG. 1A ] Front view of a ceramic heater according to an embodiment of the present invention. - [
FIG. 1B ] Partial cross-sectional viewaccording to the embodiment of the present invention, which partial cross-sectional view is obtained by a flange and a glass portion of the ceramic heater being cut along the axial direction. - [
FIG. 2 ] Plan view as viewed through the glass portion of the ceramic heater according to the embodiment. - [
FIG. 3 ] Development of a heater pattern layer side of a ceramic layer of the ceramic heater, according to the embodiment. - [
FIG. 4A ] Plan view of the flange of the ceramic heater according to the embodiment. - [
FIG. 4B ] Cross-sectional view taken along A-A inFIG. 4A . - [
FIG. 5 ] Enlarged cross-sectional view of a main portion obtained by the flange and the glass portion of the ceramic heater being cut along the axial direction, according to the embodiment. - [
FIG. 6 ] Enlarged cross-sectional view of a main portion obtained by a flange and a glass portion of a ceramic heater being cut along the axial direction, according to conventional art. - [
FIG. 7 ] Enlarged cross-sectional view of a main portion obtained by the flange and the glass portion of the ceramic heater being cut along the axial direction, according to the embodiment. - [
FIGS. 8A to 8F ] Views illustrating a method for producing the ceramic heater according to the embodiment. - A ceramic heater and a method for producing the ceramic heater according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to
FIG. 1 to FIG. 8 . - A
ceramic heater 11 according to the present embodiment is, for example, used for heating washing water in a heat exchanger of a heat exchange unit in a warm water washing toilet seat. - As shown in
FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , theceramic heater 11 includes a cylindricalceramic heater body 13, and anannular metal flange 15 which is fitted onto theheater body 13. Theheater body 13 includes aceramic tube 17, and aceramic layer 19 that covers almost the entirety of the outer circumference of theceramic tube 17. In the present embodiment, theceramic tube 17 is set so as to have an outer diameter of 10 mm, an inner diameter of 8 mm, and a length of 65 mm, and theceramic layer 19 is set so as to have a thickness of 0.5 mm and a length of 60 mm. Theceramic layer 19 does not fully cover the outer circumference of theceramic tube 17. Therefore, an outercircumferential surface 14 of theheater body 13 has agroove 21 formed so as to extend along the axial direction and have, for example, a width of 1 mm and a depth of 0.5 mm. - The
ceramic tube 17 and theceramic layer 19 of theheater body 13 are formed from, for example, alumina. The alumina has a thermal expansion coefficient in a range of 50×10-7/K to 90×10-7/K, and the alumina according to the present embodiment has a thermal expansion coefficient of 70×10-7/K (30°C to 380°C) . - As shown in
FIG. 3 , aheater pattern layer 22 having a meandering pattern shape, and a pair ofinternal terminals 23 are formed on the inner circumferential surface (the surface on theceramic tube 17 side) of theceramic layer 19 or inside theceramic layer 19. Theinternal terminals 23 are electrically connected, through a not-illustrated via conductor or the like, to external terminals 25 (seeFIG. 1 ) disposed at end portions, on the outer circumferential surface, of theceramic layer 19. - As shown in
FIG. 4 , theflange 15 is, for example, an annular member formed from a metal such as stainless steel, and, in theflange 15, the center portion of a plate material is bent toward a first surface S1 side to form a recess (cup shape). More specifically, theflange 15 of the present embodiment is, for example, formed by a plate material having a thickness of 1 mm being bent. Ahole 27 is formed, at the center portion of the plate material, so as to penetrate through the first surface S1 that is an inner surface and a second surface S2 that is an outer surface. In the present embodiment, the inner diameter of a recess-shaped portion 16 on the opening side (that is, the upper side inFIG. 4B ) is set as, for example, 16 mm. Meanwhile, the inner diameter of the recess-shaped portion 16 on the bottom side (that is, the lower side inFIG. 4B ), that is, the inner diameter of thehole 27 is set as, for example, 12 mm. Furthermore, a ground wire 34 (seeFIG. 1 ) is connected at the opening of the recess-shaped portion 16 to ground the ceramic heater to the outside. - The entire height H1 (the up-down direction in
FIG. 4B ) of theflange 15 is, for example, 6 mm. Theflange 15 includes abottom portion 29 which is curved with a radius r (for example, 1.5 mm), acylindrical side portion 31 that extends upward (in the axial direction) from thebottom portion 29, and anextension portion 32 that extends downward (in the axial direction) from thebottom portion 29. That is, theflange 15 has the recess-shapedportion 16 which includes: thecylindrical side portion 31 that extends in the axial direction; and thebottom portion 29 that is continuous with theside portion 31 and is curved so as to reduce the diameter in the radial direction. Theflange 15 further includes theextension portion 32 that is continuous with thebottom portion 29, extends toward the end side in the axial direction, and is directly exposed to water. - For example, a height H2 from the outer surface, on the end side, of the
bottom portion 29 to a lower end of theextension portion 32 is 1.5 mm, and a height H3 from the outer surface, on the end side, of thebottom portion 29 to the upper end of the opening is 4.5 mm. The radius r represents a radius on the cross-section taken along the axial direction. - The thermal expansion coefficient of the metal of the
flange 15 has a value in a range of 100×10-7/K to 200×10-7/K. For example, when theflange 15 is formed from SUS304 (main component is Fe, Ni, Cr), the thermal expansion coefficient is 178×10-7/K (30°C to 380°C), and, when theflange 15 is formed from SUS430 (main component is Fe, Cr), the thermal expansion coefficient is 110×10-7/K (30°C to 380°C). - In the present embodiment, as shown in
FIG. 5 , in the recess-shapedportion 16 of theflange 15, a space surrounded by the outercircumferential surface 14 of theheater body 13 and the first surface S1 that is the inner surface of theflange 15 is a glass-accumulatedportion 35 which is filled withglass 33. InFIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , theglass 33 portion is indicated by hatching. - A first end represents the upper end in
FIG. 3 , and a second end represents the lower end inFIG. 3 . Furthermore, the first end of a wiring portion disposed between paired wiring portions when theceramic sheet 19 is viewed in the thickness direction is connected via a connection portion to the first end of an adjacent wiring portion, and the second end of the wiring portion disposed therebetween is connected via the connection portion to the second end of an adjacent wiring portion. - The glass-accumulated
portion 35 is filled with theglass 33 up to 1/3 or more of a height H4 of the glass-accumulatedportion 35, and theheater body 13 and the recess-shapedportion 16 of theflange 15 are welded and bonded to each other via theglass 33. - As the
glass 33, for example, Na2O·Al2O3·B2O3·SiO2 based glass, that is, Al2O3·B2O3·SiO2 based glass (borosilicate glass) is used. For example, the thermal expansion coefficient of theglass 33 has a value in a range of 50×10-7/K to 90×10-7/K (30°C to 380°C), and is 62×10-7/K (30°C to 380°C) in the present embodiment. - As shown in
FIG. 7 which is an enlarged view ofFIG. 5 , agap 39 that has a size of, for example, about 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm is formed between aninner surface 28 of thehole 27 disposed on thebottom portion 29 side of the recess-shapedportion 16, and the outercircumferential surface 14 of theheater body 13. In the present embodiment, the dimension Y of thegap 39 is set to be about 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm. A part of theglass 33 with which the glass-accumulatedportion 35 on the first surface S1 side is filled, flows into thegap 39 in the axial direction along the outercircumferential surface 14 of theheater body 13. - In the case of the
flange 15 shown inFIG. 7 , theextension portion 32 is formed so as to extend downward (in the axial direction) from thebottom portion 29 of theflange 15 and include the circumferential edge of thehole 27 on the second surface S2 side. In other words, theextension portion 32 extends downward from thebottom portion 29. Theextension portion 32 of the present embodiment is formed by the lower end of thebottom portion 29 being bent. - In the
ceramic heater 11 of the present embodiment, since theextension portion 32 having such a structure is disposed on the second surface S2 side, theflange 15 protrudes toward the end side beyond a region in which theglass 33 flows along the axial direction. Thus, theextension portion 32 is not covered by theglass 33, and is assuredly exposed to water, whereby the ceramic heater can be assuredly grounded via theground wire 34 to the outside. - Next, a method for producing the
ceramic heater 11 of the present embodiment will be described with reference toFIG. 8 . - Firstly, as shown in
FIG. 8A , a cylindricalceramic tube 17 made of an alumina-based material is preliminarily baked. - As shown in
FIG. 8B , a metal such as tungsten having a high melting point is printed on the surface of aceramic sheet 51 made of an alumina-based material, or inside the stacked sheets. Thus, apattern 53 which forms theheater pattern layer 22, theinternal terminals 23, and theexternal terminals 25 at a later stage is formed. - Next, ceramic paste (alumina paste) is applied to the one side surface of the
ceramic sheet 51, and, as shown inFIG. 8C , theceramic sheet 51 is wound around and adhered to the outer circumferential surface of theceramic tube 17, and theceramic sheet 51 and theceramic tube 17 are integrally baked. Thereafter, theexternal terminals 25 are nickel-plated to form theheater body 13. - Next, a plate material formed from stainless steel is press-molded to form the
flange 15 which is cup-shaped. Thereafter, theflange 15 is fitted onto theheater body 13 at a predetermined mounting position, as shown inFIG. 8D . In this state, theheater body 13 and theflange 15 are supported by a not-illustrated tool. - A glass material formed from borosilicate glass is press-molded so as to be ring-shaped, and the obtained product is calcined at 640°C for 30 minutes to produce a calcined glass material 55. As shown in
FIG. 8E , the ring-shaped glass material 55 having been calcined is disposed in the glass-accumulatedportion 35 between theheater body 13 and theflange 15. - Next, the obtained product in this state is put into a continuous furnace for baking, to adhere the
heater body 13 and theflange 15 by the glass. Specifically, the obtained product is heated in the continuous furnace in a reducing atmosphere (for example, N2+5%H2) at a welding temperature (1015°C) for a predetermined period of time, to fuse the calcined glass material 55. Thereafter, the calcined glass material 55 is cooled to room temperature (for example, 25°C) and solidified, whereby theheater body 13 and theflange 15 are welded and fixed via theglass 33, to complete theceramic heater 11. -
- 11:
- ceramic heater
- 13:
- heater body
- 15:
- flange
- 16:
- recess-shaped portion
- 27:
- hole
- 33:
- glass
- 35:
- glass-accumulated potion
- S1:
- first surface
- S2:
- second surface
Claims (4)
- A ceramic heater (11) comprising:a heater body (13) that is made of ceramic, has a tubular shape, and extends in an axial direction; anda flange (15) that is made of a metal, has an annular shape, and is fitted onto the heater body (13), whereina ground wire (34) is connected to the flange (15),the flange (15) has a recess-shaped portion (16) which includes a side portion (31) that has a cylindrical shape and extends in the axial direction, and a bottom portion (29) that is continuous with the side portion (31) and is curved so as to have a radius which reduces in a radial direction,the recess-shaped portion (16) is filled with an insulating material (33), and is joined to the heater body (13) via the insulating material (33), andthe flange (15) further has an extension portion (32) that is continuous with the bottom portion (29), and extends toward an end side in the axial direction, wherein the extension portion (32) is adapted to be directly exposed to water.
- The ceramic heater (11) according to claim 1, wherein the extension portion (32) protrudes beyond the insulating material (33) toward the end side in the axial direction.
- The ceramic heater (11) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the insulating material (33) is formed from glass.
- The ceramic heater (11) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the extension portion (32) protrudes in a length of 0.5 mm or more from an outer surface of the bottom portion (29).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2018131949A JP6860277B2 (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2018-07-12 | Ceramic heater |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3595406A1 true EP3595406A1 (en) | 2020-01-15 |
EP3595406B1 EP3595406B1 (en) | 2022-04-06 |
Family
ID=67253732
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP19185691.3A Active EP3595406B1 (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2019-07-11 | Ceramic heater |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3595406B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6860277B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN110719653B (en) |
ES (1) | ES2911664T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2023127704A1 (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-07-06 | 京セラ株式会社 | Heater |
Citations (5)
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JPH1174063A (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 1999-03-16 | Kyocera Corp | Ceramic heater |
JP2017069083A (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2017-04-06 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Ceramic heater |
EP3214896A1 (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2017-09-06 | NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Ceramic heater and manufacturing method for same |
EP3282814A1 (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2018-02-14 | Kyocera Corporation | Heater |
CN108076542A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2018-05-25 | 广东顺德光晟电器股份有限公司 | Assembled electric heating pipe |
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JPS49127844U (en) * | 1973-02-28 | 1974-11-01 | ||
JPH0218554Y2 (en) * | 1984-11-09 | 1990-05-23 | ||
JP2006120559A (en) * | 2004-10-25 | 2006-05-11 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Ceramic heater, heat exchange unit and manufacturing method of ceramic heater |
CN201348392Y (en) * | 2009-01-04 | 2009-11-18 | 杨智慧 | Electric heater for solar energy water heater |
CN201528442U (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2010-07-14 | 高要市金田电热有限公司 | Single-end double-layer fuse heating tube with insulating tape |
CN202328805U (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2012-07-11 | 成都市兴岷江电热电器有限责任公司 | Electric heater for liquid |
CN204104157U (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-01-14 | 镇江力帆防爆电器有限公司 | Flexible pipe safety-type bolt electric heater for repairing steam turbine |
CN204465894U (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-07-08 | 吴新祥 | The flange of flange electrothermal tube |
-
2018
- 2018-07-12 JP JP2018131949A patent/JP6860277B2/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-07-10 CN CN201910619682.7A patent/CN110719653B/en active Active
- 2019-07-11 ES ES19185691T patent/ES2911664T3/en active Active
- 2019-07-11 EP EP19185691.3A patent/EP3595406B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH1174063A (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 1999-03-16 | Kyocera Corp | Ceramic heater |
EP3214896A1 (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2017-09-06 | NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Ceramic heater and manufacturing method for same |
EP3282814A1 (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2018-02-14 | Kyocera Corporation | Heater |
JP2017069083A (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2017-04-06 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Ceramic heater |
CN108076542A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2018-05-25 | 广东顺德光晟电器股份有限公司 | Assembled electric heating pipe |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2911664T3 (en) | 2022-05-20 |
CN110719653A (en) | 2020-01-21 |
EP3595406B1 (en) | 2022-04-06 |
CN110719653B (en) | 2022-06-14 |
JP2020009704A (en) | 2020-01-16 |
JP6860277B2 (en) | 2021-04-14 |
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