EP3593047B1 - Procédé d'identification de types de gaz combustibles lors du processus de démarrage d'un appareil de chauffage fonctionnant au gaz combustible et appareil de chauffage fonctionnant au gaz combustible - Google Patents

Procédé d'identification de types de gaz combustibles lors du processus de démarrage d'un appareil de chauffage fonctionnant au gaz combustible et appareil de chauffage fonctionnant au gaz combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3593047B1
EP3593047B1 EP19701202.4A EP19701202A EP3593047B1 EP 3593047 B1 EP3593047 B1 EP 3593047B1 EP 19701202 A EP19701202 A EP 19701202A EP 3593047 B1 EP3593047 B1 EP 3593047B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
fuel gas
fuel
ignition
control device
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EP19701202.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3593047A1 (fr
Inventor
Stephan Wald
Jan Dannemann
Enno Vrolijk
Hartmut Henrich
Hans-Joachim Klink
Jens Hermann
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Ebm Papst Landshut GmbH
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Ebm Papst Landshut GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N2005/185—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/10—Analysing fuel properties, e.g. density, calorific
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2239/00—Fuels
    • F23N2239/04—Gaseous fuels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for identifying the type of fuel gas in a fuel gas-operated heating device.
  • the U.S. 5,401,162 discloses a fuel gas-operated heater, the fuel gas mass flow and the fuel gas composition being determined by a sensor in each case.
  • an ignitable fuel gas-air mixture When starting a burner of the heater, an ignitable fuel gas-air mixture should be regulated as quickly as possible. Since both the optimal Gas / air ratio and the ignition capacity for the various fuel gases are different, it is necessary to determine the type of gas before or during the burner start to adjust the fuel gas and air quantities to optimal starting conditions.
  • the heater at least one fan for conveying an air volume flow, a gas feed with a gas actuator for the regulated feed of a fuel gas, a burner, an ignition unit for igniting the burner, a sensor arranged in the gas supply and against which the fuel gas flows, and a control unit for regulating at least the air volume flow conveyed by the fan and the gas actuator which determines a gas mass flow of fuel gas.
  • the sensor is designed as a gas mass sensor, which detects both the fuel gas mass fed to the burner and another physical property of the fuel gas, with which conclusions can be drawn about the composition of the fuel gas.
  • calorimetric microsensors are used for this purpose, which record the thermal conductivity of the fuel gas in addition to the fuel gas mass.
  • Another possibility consists in at least one sensor based on the functional principle of ultrasonic measurement for determining the fuel gas mass and the specific sound velocity that is present as a function of the fuel gas.
  • At least one of the aforementioned physical properties of the fuel gas is measured by the gas mass sensor (for example the thermal conductivity) and transmitted to the control device.
  • the control unit determines from this measured property of the fuel gas the type of fuel gas.
  • the control unit then regulates a first starting gas mass flow on the gas actuator as a function of the specific type of fuel gas, which is below an ignition limit of the fuel gas of the specific type of fuel gas.
  • the ignition limits of the respective types of fuel gas are generally known and can be stored in the control unit in the form of characteristic curves, for example.
  • the supplied gas mass flow is increased with constant air volume flow starting from the starting gas mass flow with constant ignition attempts of the ignition unit until an ignition range of the previously determined fuel gas type is exceeded.
  • monitoring is carried out and the control unit records whether the burner is igniting.
  • an electrode can be used on the burner, for example, which transmits a flame signal to the control unit if the burner is ignited.
  • the ignition range of the respective type of fuel gas differs for liquid gas and natural gas, since high-calorific fuel gas, e.g. liquid gas ignites earlier than low-calorific fuel gas, e.g. low-calorific natural gas (L-gas) with the same air volume flow.
  • high-calorific fuel gas e.g. liquid gas ignites earlier than low-calorific fuel gas, e.g. low-calorific natural gas (L-gas) with the same air volume flow.
  • L-gas low-calorific natural gas
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to determine the type of fuel gas before the burner is ignited and to limit the fuel gas-air mixture required for starting to a smaller range.
  • the optimum fuel gas-air mixture for starting the burner is recognized and achieved more quickly. This shortens the start time and reduces the number of unsuccessful attempts to start the burner.
  • the control device on the gas actuator regulates a second starting gas mass flow, which is lower than the first gas mass flow and is further below the ignition limit of the fuel gas of the specific fuel gas type, depending on the specific fuel gas type.
  • the steps of the start method described above are carried out again, including increasing the supplied gas mass flow with constant air volume flow with constant ignition attempts of the ignition unit until an ignition range of the previously determined fuel gas type is exceeded. It is advantageous that the area in which the appropriate gas-air mixture is available for the burner start-up process can be expanded and a burner start can be achieved, even if the first specified starting gas mass flow was unsuitable.
  • the method is characterized in that the supplied gas mass flow is continuously increased with a constant air volume flow starting from the starting gas mass flow while the ignition unit tries to ignite.
  • the constant air volume flow is possible via the control unit by regulating a constant fan speed.
  • the method is further characterized in that the control device calculates the actual air volume flow using a fan speed measured by the control device, a characteristic curve determined in advance in the laboratory and a current consumption of the fan.
  • the method not only applies to the burner start in general, but also to the burner start when the heater is started up for the first time.
  • a gas line of the gas supply is first vented, the control device opening the gas actuator and switching it on via the gas mass sensor Signal is sent to the control unit as soon as fuel gas is detected.
  • the gas mass sensor can be used at any time to detect air in the gas supply in order to cause the gas line to be vented.
  • the method preferably provides that the gas mass flow is regulated by the electrically modulating gas actuator, the gas actuator receiving control signals via the control device and thus adapting the gas mass flow as required.
  • appropriate values or characteristic curves are preferably stored in the control unit, which can be used for the regulation or future starting processes. Values known in the art are used here, for example an air requirement that is 3 times greater for ensuring complete combustion with the same volume of liquid gas compared to natural gas.
  • FIG 1 is a schematic structure of a heater 100 for carrying out the method with a modulating premix blower 5, which draws in ambient air a and mixes it with fuel gas.
  • the fuel gas is fed to the premix blower 5 via a gas nozzle 4 in the gas line, with a gas safety valve 1, a gas actuator or gas valve 2, electronically controllable, for example, via a motor M, and a thermal gas mass sensor 3 being arranged in the gas line.
  • the gas inlet pressure d is adapted to the gas control pressure c.
  • the fuel gas-air mixture has the mixture pressure b.
  • an optional non-return flap 6 is provided at the blower outlet. The mixture then has the burner pressure e.
  • the burner 28 with an electrode 7 arranged in the burner flame, with which a flame is detected on the burner 28 and a corresponding signal is transmitted to the control device 9.
  • the heat exchanger 18 is arranged around the burner 28.
  • the exhaust system with the exhaust flap 8 follows.
  • the exhaust gas pressure f prevails in the exhaust system.
  • the control of the amount of fuel gas flowing through the gas actuator 2, as well as the fan speed and therefore the air ratio, takes place via the control unit 9, in which the corresponding control characteristics are stored and can be saved.
  • the corresponding signal lines to and from the control unit 9 are marked with arrows.
  • Figure 2 shows the sequence of the method for gas type detection of high-calorific fuel gas after the thermal gas mass sensor 3 thermal conductivity of the applied fuel gas was measured and transmitted to the control unit 9.
  • the air volume flow VL is initially regulated to a constant value via the fan 5 in the time segment t1-t2.
  • the gas mass flow VG regulated via the gas line by the gas actuator 2 is regulated to the starting gas mass flow, which is below a lower ignition limit z1 of an ignition range HG of the high-calorific fuel gas.
  • the control unit 9 then regulates the gas actuator 2 in the time segment t2-t3 with a constant air volume flow VL in order to continuously increase the gas mass flow VG supplied to the fan 5 starting from the starting gas mass flow with constant ignition attempts of the ignition unit until the ignition range HG of the high-calorific fuel gas and a upper ignition limit z2 of the high calorific fuel gas are exceeded.
  • the burner 28 ignites in the time segment t2-t3 and then burns in the time segment t3-t4 with a gas mass flow rate VG that is constantly regulated. The amount of fuel gas required for low-calorific fuel gas and consequently the ignition range LG of the low-calorific fuel gas are not reached.
  • Figure 3 shows the procedure using the same diagram Figure 2 if it has been determined via the thermal gas mass sensor 3 that it is for low-calorific fuel gas. Then the gas mass flow VG is increased from the start over the ignition range HG of the high calorific fuel gas with a constant air volume flow VG, the starting gas mass flow being below the lower ignition limit z3 of an ignition range LG of the low calorific fuel gas.
  • the control unit 9 then regulates the gas actuator 2 in the time segment t2-t3 with a constant air volume flow VL in order to increase the gas mass flow VG supplied to the blower 5 based on the starting gas mass flow to increase continuously with constant ignition attempts of the ignition unit until the ignition range LG of the low-calorific fuel gas and an upper ignition limit z4 of the low-calorific fuel gas are exceeded.
  • the burner 28 ignites in the time segment t2-t3 and then burns in the time segment t3-t4 with a gas mass flow rate VG that is constantly regulated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé d'identification de types de gaz combustibles lors du processus de démarrage d'un appareil de chauffage (100) fonctionnant au gaz combustible avec une liaison électronique air-gaz, dans lequel l'appareil de chauffage (100) comprend au moins une soufflante (5) pour acheminer un débit volumétrique d'air, une conduite de gaz avec un composant de réglage de gaz (2) pour l'acheminement réglé d'un gaz combustible, un brûleur (28), une unité d'allumage pour allumer le brûleur (28), un capteur agencé dans la conduite de gaz et alimenté par le gaz combustible et un appareil de commande (9) pour régler au moins le débit volumétrique d'air acheminé par la soufflerie (5) et le composant de réglage de gaz (2) déterminant un débit massique de gaz en gaz combustible, dans lequel
    a. le capteur se présente sous la forme d'un capteur de masse de gaz pour déterminer une masse du gaz combustible acheminée au brûleur et une propriété physique affectée au gaz combustible,
    b. la propriété physique du gaz combustible est mesurée par le capteur de masse de gaz (3) et est transmise à l'appareil de commande (9),
    c. l'appareil de commande (9) détermine le type de gaz combustible à partir de la propriété physique mesurée du gaz combustible ;
    d. l'appareil de commande (9) règle sur le composant de réglage de gaz (2) en fonction du type de gaz combustible déterminé un premier débit massique de gaz de démarrage qui se situe en dessous d'une limite d'inflammabilité du gaz combustible du type de gaz combustible déterminé,
    e. le débit massique de gaz alimenté est augmenté, lors d'un débit volumétrique d'air constant, en partant du débit massique de gaz de démarrage par des essais d'allumage de l'unité d'allumage jusqu'à ce qu'une plage d'allumage du type de gaz combustible déterminé soit dépassée,
    f. au cours des essais d'allumage, un allumage du brûleur (28) est contrôlé et saisi.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, dans le cas d'un non-allumage, l'appareil de commande (9) règle sur le composant de réglage de gaz (2) en fonction du type de gaz combustible déterminé un second débit massique de gaz qui est plus faible que le premier débit massique de gaz et se situe en outre en dessous de la limite d'allumage du gaz combustible du type de gaz combustible déterminé, dans lequel les étapes e) à f) de la revendication 1 se déroulent à la suite.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le débit massique de gaz acheminé est régulièrement augmenté par des essais d'allumage de l'unité d'allumage dans le cadre d'un débit volumétrique d'air constant en partant du débit massique de gaz de démarrage.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, lors du processus de démarrage de l'appareil de chauffage (100) fonctionnant au gaz combustible, après sa toute première installation, on effectue tout d'abord une désaération d'une conduite de gaz de l'alimentation en gaz, dans lequel l'appareil de commande ouvre le composant de réglage de gaz (2) et, via le capteur de masse de gaz (3), un signal est envoyé dans l'appareil de commande (9) aussitôt que du gaz combustible est détecté.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que, lors du processus de démarrage de l'appareil de chauffage (100) fonctionnant au gaz combustible, après sa toute première installation, tout d'abord une désaération d'une conduite de gaz de l'alimentation de gaz est effectuée, dans lequel le processus de démarrage est répété avec les étapes b)-f) jusqu'à ce qu'un allumage du brûleur soit saisi.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'appareil de commande (9) calcule le débit volumétrique d'air réel sur un nombre de tours de la soufflerie mesuré par l'appareil de commande (9), une caractéristique préalablement obtenue par une technique de laboratoire et une consommation de courant de la soufflerie (5).
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le débit massique de gaz est réglé par le composant de réglage de gaz électrique modulateur (2), dans lequel le composant de réglage de gaz (2) reçoit des signaux de réglage via l'appareil de commande (9).
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'on détermine depuis le type de gaz combustible déterminé via le capteur de masse de gaz (3) le besoin en air propre au type de gaz combustible respectif.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le capteur de masse de gaz pour obtenir la masse de gaz combustible et une propriété physique affectée au gaz combustible se présente sous la forme d'un capteur de masse de gaz thermique (3) qui mesure une conductibilité thermique du gaz combustible.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1-8, caractérisé en ce que le capteur de masse de gaz permettant d'obtenir la masse de gaz combustible et une propriété physique affectée au gaz combustible se présente sous la forme d'un capteur de masse de gaz ultrasonique (3) qui mesure une vitesse du son spécifique au gaz combustible.
  11. Appareil de chauffage (100) fonctionnant au gaz combustible, dans lequel l'appareil de chauffage (100) comprend au moins une soufflante (5) pour acheminer un débit volumétrique d'air, une conduite de gaz avec un composant de réglage de gaz (2) pour l'acheminement réglé d'un gaz combustible, un brûleur (28), une unité d'allumage pour allumer le brûleur (28), un capteur agencé dans la conduite de gaz et alimenté par le gaz combustible et un appareil de commande (9) pour régler au moins le débit volumétrique d'air acheminé par la soufflerie (5) et le composant de réglage de gaz (2) déterminant un débit massique de gaz en gaz combustible, dans lequel :
    a. le capteur se présente sous la forme d'un capteur de masse de gaz pour déterminer une masse du gaz combustible acheminée au brûleur et une propriété physique affectée au gaz combustible,
    b. la propriété physique du gaz combustible est mesurée par le capteur de masse de gaz (3) et est transmise à l'appareil de commande (9),
    c. l'appareil de commande (9) détermine le type de gaz combustible à partir de la propriété physique mesurée du gaz combustible ;
    d. l'appareil de commande (9) règle sur le composant de réglage de gaz (2) en fonction du type de gaz combustible déterminé un premier débit massique de gaz de démarrage qui se situe en dessous d'une limite d'inflammabilité du gaz combustible du type de gaz combustible déterminé,
    e. le débit de masse de gaz alimenté est augmenté, lors d'un débit volumétrique d'air constant, en partant du débit massique de gaz de démarrage par des essais d'allumage de l'unité d'allumage jusqu'à ce qu'une plage d'allumage du type de gaz combustible déterminé soit dépassée,
    f. au cours des essais d'allumage, un allumage du brûleur (28) est contrôlé et saisi.
EP19701202.4A 2018-03-07 2019-01-18 Procédé d'identification de types de gaz combustibles lors du processus de démarrage d'un appareil de chauffage fonctionnant au gaz combustible et appareil de chauffage fonctionnant au gaz combustible Active EP3593047B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018105185.9A DE102018105185A1 (de) 2018-03-07 2018-03-07 Verfahren zur Brenngasartenerkennung bei einem brenngasbetriebenen Heizgerät
PCT/EP2019/051222 WO2019170309A1 (fr) 2018-03-07 2019-01-18 Procédé d'identification de types de gaz combustibles lors du processus de démarrage d'un appareil de chauffage fonctionnant au gaz combustible et appareil de chauffage fonctionnant au gaz combustible

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EP3593047A1 EP3593047A1 (fr) 2020-01-15
EP3593047B1 true EP3593047B1 (fr) 2021-04-07

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EP (1) EP3593047B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN110582673B (fr)
DE (1) DE102018105185A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019170309A1 (fr)

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EP4265965A1 (fr) 2022-04-22 2023-10-25 BDR Thermea Group B.V. Mécanisme de commande pour un appareil de combustion

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WO2019170309A1 (fr) 2019-09-12
CN110582673B (zh) 2021-03-23
DE102018105185A1 (de) 2019-09-12
EP3593047A1 (fr) 2020-01-15
CN110582673A (zh) 2019-12-17

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