EP3590622A1 - Warmumformwerkzeug und verfahren zur herstellung eines warmumformwerkzeuges - Google Patents
Warmumformwerkzeug und verfahren zur herstellung eines warmumformwerkzeuges Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3590622A1 EP3590622A1 EP19180184.4A EP19180184A EP3590622A1 EP 3590622 A1 EP3590622 A1 EP 3590622A1 EP 19180184 A EP19180184 A EP 19180184A EP 3590622 A1 EP3590622 A1 EP 3590622A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tool
- hot
- contact layer
- materials
- forming tool
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/01—Selection of materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/20—Making tools by operations not covered by a single other subclass
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hot forming tool with the features in the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing such a hot forming tool with the features of claim 5.
- Hot-forming tools are subject to high thermal alternating loads. This leads to a very limited tool life. The relatively frequent exchange of tools has a negative impact on production costs. Areas that are subject to particularly high stress are located between the tool surface of the hot-forming tool and the cooling channels. The combined mechanical and thermal stress leads to premature signs of fatigue in the form of fatigue cracks. The cause of the thermal fatigue is the high temperature gradient between the tool surface and the cooling channels integrated in the tool. The temperature gradient is all the greater the closer the cooling channels are to the tool surface. It is known to use composite materials for hot forming tools with a tool core and with a contact layer metallurgically connected to the tool core on a tool surface. The contact layer is designed to come into contact with a workpiece to be hot-formed.
- the tool core is made of copper or a copper alloy and has a lower wear resistance than the material of the contact layer.
- the invention has for its object to show a hot forming tool, which has a longer service life and thus a longer life. A suitable method for producing such a tool is to be demonstrated.
- the first object is achieved in the hot forming tool according to the invention.
- the contact layer has at least 50% by weight of one of the materials from the following group of materials, comprising nickel, tungsten carbide, cobalt and chromium.
- the locking time in the hot forming tool can be significantly reduced compared to hot forming tools made of steel.
- the wear on the tool surface, which occurs in the form of abrasion and adhesion, can be minimized by the coating.
- the coating preferably consists of the base material nickel or a nickel alloy.
- the alloy contains at least 50% nickel.
- An advantage of a coating made of nickel or a nickel alloy is the good thermal conductivity, so that good heat dissipation is also made possible via the coating. There is also an essential one Increasing the mechanical wear resistance of the coated surfaces of the hot forming tool.
- the nickel content is preferably in a range between 65 and 95% by weight.
- the nickel alloy is an alloy that contains cobalt as a further alloy component.
- Coatings made of tungsten carbide, cobalt or chromium are also advantageous. These coatings can be applied using different methods. In particular, powder flame spraying can be used. These layers have very high adhesiveness and thermal shock resistance.
- the layer thicknesses should have a relatively small thickness, which is preferably in the micrometer range.
- the coatings preferably have a certain ductility. Compared to a consistently hard and brittle coating, coatings with ductile properties have a lower risk of damage to the coating during operation or of cracks or microcracks occurring within the coating. Cracks would increase the risk of parts of the coating flaking off under mechanical stress.
- the cooling channels could also be arranged significantly further from the tool surface.
- the temperature gradient is smaller.
- the local thermal load is reduced. This also means that the hot-forming tools have a higher stability and a longer service life.
- a high thermal conductivity of the materials used for press hardening can contribute to increased resistance of the hot forming tool to wear and thermal fatigue and thus reduce the costs for maintenance, repair and new procurement of the hot forming tools.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Die Erfindung betrifft ein Warmumformwerkzeug mit den Merkmalen im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Warmumformwerkzeuges mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 5.
- Warmumformwerkzeuge unterliegen hohen thermischen Wechselbeanspruchungen. Das führt zu einer sehr begrenzten Lebensdauer der Werkzeuge. Der relativ häufige Austausch der Werkzeuge wirkt sich negativ auf die Fertigungskosten aus. Besonders hoch beanspruchte Bereiche befinden sich zwischen der Werkzeugoberfläche des Warmumformwerkzeuges und Kühlkanälen. Die kombinierte mechanische und thermische Beanspruchung führt zu vorzeitigen Ermüdungserscheinungen in Form von Ermüdungsrissen. Die Ursache für die thermisch bedingte Ermüdung ist der hohe Temperaturgradient zwischen der Werkzeugoberfläche und den in das Werkzeug integrierten Kühlkanälen. Der Temperaturgradient ist umso größer, je näher sich die Kühlkanäle an der Werkzeugoberfläche befinden. Es ist bekannt, für Warmumformwerkzeuge Verbundwerkstoffe einzusetzen mit einem Werkzeugkern und mit einer mit dem Werkzeugkern metallurgisch verbundenen Kontaktschicht an einer Werkzeugoberfläche. Die Kontaktschicht ist dazu ausgebildet, mit einem warmumzuformenden Werkstück in Kontakt zu kommen. Der Werkzeugkern besteht aus Kupfer oder einer Kupferlegierung und besitzt eine geringere Verschleißbeständigkeit als der Werkstoff der Kontaktschicht.
- Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Warmumformwerkzeug aufzuzeigen, welches eine höhere Standzeit und damit eine längere Lebensdauer besitzt. Es soll ein geeignetes Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Werkzeuges aufgezeigt werden.
- Die erste Aufgabe ist bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Warmumformwerkzeug gelöst.
- Die Unteransprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.
- Erfindungsgemäß besitzt die Kontaktschicht wenigstens 50 Gewichts-% von einem der Werkstoffe aus folgender Werkstoffgruppe, enthaltend Nickel, Wolframcarbid, Kobalt und Chrom.
- Durch die deutlich höhere Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Kupfer (240-350 W/mK) kann die Zuhaltezeit im Warmumformwerkzeug im Gegensatz zu Warmumformwerkzeugen aus Stahl deutlich reduziert werden. Der Verschleiß der Werkzeugoberfläche, welche in Form von Abrasion und Adhäsion auftritt, kann durch die Beschichtung minimiert werden.
- Die Beschichtung besteht vorzugsweise aus dem Grundwerkstoff Nickel oder einer Nickellegierung. Die Legierung enthält in diesem Fall wenigstens 50% Nickel. Ein Vorteil einer Beschichtung aus Nickel oder einer Nickellegierung ist die gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit, so dass auch über die Beschichtung ein guter Wärmeabfluss ermöglicht wird. Weiterhin ergibt sich eine wesentliche Erhöhung des mechanischen Verschleißwiderstandes der beschichteten Oberflächen des Warmumformwerkzeuges. Bei der Verwendung einer Nickellegierung für die Grundmatrix liegt der Nickelanteil vorzugsweise in einem Bereich zwischen 65 und 95 Gewichts-%. Insbesondere handelt es sich bei der Nickellegierung um eine Legierung, die als weiteren Legierungsbestandteil Kobalt enthält.
- Vorteilhaft sind ferner Beschichtungen aus Wolframcarbid, Kobalt oder Chrom. Diese Beschichtungen können mit unterschiedlichen Verfahren aufgebracht werden. Insbesondere kann das Pulverflammspritzen zum Einsatz kommen. Diese Schichten besitzen eine sehr hohe Haftfähigkeit und Thermoschockbeständigkeit.
- Die Schichtdicken sollten aufgrund der Wärmeleitfähigkeit, die geringer ist als diejenige von Kupfer, eine relativ geringe Dicke aufweisen, die vorzugsweise im Mikrometerbereich liegt.
- Bevorzugt besitzen die Beschichtungen eine gewisse Duktilität. Im Vergleich zu einer durchgehend harten und spröden Beschichtung besteht durch Beschichtungen mit duktilen Eigenschaften eine geringere Gefahr, dass im Laufe des Betriebs Beschädigungen der Beschichtung auftreten oder auch Risse oder Mikrorisse innerhalb der Beschichtung auftreten. Risse würden die Gefahr eines Abplatzens von Teilstücken der Beschichtung unter mechanischer Belastung erhöhen.
- Durch den Einsatz von Kupferwerkstoffen in Kombination mit einer geeigneten Beschichtung könnten die Kühlkanäle auch deutlich weiter von der Werkzeugoberfläche angeordnet werden. Der Temperaturgradient ist kleiner. Die lokale thermische Belastung wird reduziert. Auch dadurch besitzen die besagten Warmumformwerkzeuge eine höhere Standfestigkeit und eine höhere Lebensdauer.
- Ein weiterer, grundsätzlicher Vorteil ist, dass durch die Reduzierung der Zuhaltezeit des Warmumformwerkzeuges die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Presshärtens insgesamt gesteigert werden kann, da der Presshärteprozess einen nicht unerheblichen Teil der Fertigungsgemeinkosten verursacht. Durch eine Erhöhung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit können diese Kosten des Presshärteprozesses gesenkt werden.
- Eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit der zum Presshärten verwendeten Werkstoffe kann zu einem erhöhten Widerstand des Warmumformwerkzeuges gegen Verschleiß und thermische Ermüdung beitragen und somit die Kosten für Wartung, Reparatur und Neubeschaffung der Warmumformwerkzeuge reduzieren.
Claims (5)
- Warmumformwerkzeug aus einem Verbundwerkstoff mit einem Werkzeugkern mit einer mit dem Werkzeugkern metallurgisch verbundenen Kontaktschicht an einer Werkzeugoberfläche, die dazu ausgebildet ist, mit einem warm umzuformenden Werkstück in Kontakt zu kommen, wobei der Werkzeugkern aus Kupfer oder einer Kupferlegierung besteht und eine geringere Verschleißbeständigkeit als der Werkstoff der Kontaktschicht besitzt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kontaktschicht wenigstens 50 Gew.-% von einem der Werkstoffe aus folgender Werkstoffgruppe enthält: Nickel, Wolframcarbid, Kobalt, Chrom.
- Warmumformwerkzeug nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kontaktschicht 65 - 95 Gew.-% von einem der Werkstoffe aus der Werkstoffgruppe enthält.
- Warmumformwerkzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, in Form eines Presshärtewerkzeuges.
- Warmumformwerkzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Werkzeugkern auf einem Werkzeugträger aus Stahl befestigt ist.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Warmumformwerkzeug mit den Merkmalen der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kontaktschicht durch ein thermisches Spritzverfahren aufgebracht ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018116238.3A DE102018116238A1 (de) | 2018-07-04 | 2018-07-04 | Warmumformwerkzeug und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Warmumformwerkzeuges |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3590622A1 true EP3590622A1 (de) | 2020-01-08 |
| EP3590622B1 EP3590622B1 (de) | 2020-09-30 |
Family
ID=66866976
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19180184.4A Not-in-force EP3590622B1 (de) | 2018-07-04 | 2019-06-14 | Presshärtewerkzeug |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3590622B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102018116238A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2836204T3 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL3590622T3 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116083834B (zh) * | 2021-11-05 | 2025-01-21 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | 一种WC-Co-Cu-稀土耐磨耐蚀涂层材料及其制备方法和使用方法 |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2727892A1 (de) * | 1976-06-23 | 1977-12-29 | Eurotungstene | Legierungen fuer warmumform-werkzeuge |
| DE3207161A1 (de) * | 1982-02-27 | 1983-09-22 | Thyssen Edelstahlwerke AG, 4000 Düsseldorf | Hartstofflegierung |
| DE102005042765A1 (de) * | 2005-09-08 | 2007-03-22 | Voestalpine Automotive Holding Gmbh | Formwerkzeug |
| EP2335842A2 (de) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-22 | Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Warmformwerkzeugs und Warmformwerkzeug mit Verschleißschutz |
| US20150246383A1 (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | Ford Motor Company | System and process for producing a metallic article |
| EP3017888A1 (de) * | 2014-11-07 | 2016-05-11 | Hua Guo | Warmumformungswerkzeug |
-
2018
- 2018-07-04 DE DE102018116238.3A patent/DE102018116238A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-06-14 EP EP19180184.4A patent/EP3590622B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2019-06-14 PL PL19180184.4T patent/PL3590622T3/pl unknown
- 2019-06-14 ES ES19180184T patent/ES2836204T3/es active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2727892A1 (de) * | 1976-06-23 | 1977-12-29 | Eurotungstene | Legierungen fuer warmumform-werkzeuge |
| DE3207161A1 (de) * | 1982-02-27 | 1983-09-22 | Thyssen Edelstahlwerke AG, 4000 Düsseldorf | Hartstofflegierung |
| DE102005042765A1 (de) * | 2005-09-08 | 2007-03-22 | Voestalpine Automotive Holding Gmbh | Formwerkzeug |
| EP2335842A2 (de) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-22 | Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Warmformwerkzeugs und Warmformwerkzeug mit Verschleißschutz |
| US20150246383A1 (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | Ford Motor Company | System and process for producing a metallic article |
| EP3017888A1 (de) * | 2014-11-07 | 2016-05-11 | Hua Guo | Warmumformungswerkzeug |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102018116238A1 (de) | 2020-01-09 |
| PL3590622T3 (pl) | 2021-03-22 |
| ES2836204T3 (es) | 2021-06-24 |
| EP3590622B1 (de) | 2020-09-30 |
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