EP3586426A1 - Axial flow rotating electric machine - Google Patents

Axial flow rotating electric machine

Info

Publication number
EP3586426A1
EP3586426A1 EP18704026.6A EP18704026A EP3586426A1 EP 3586426 A1 EP3586426 A1 EP 3586426A1 EP 18704026 A EP18704026 A EP 18704026A EP 3586426 A1 EP3586426 A1 EP 3586426A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
machine
stator
housings
machine according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP18704026.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dany Prieto
Paul AKIKI
Xavier JANNOT
Benjamin DAGUSE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Moteurs Leroy Somer SAS
Original Assignee
Moteurs Leroy Somer SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Moteurs Leroy Somer SAS filed Critical Moteurs Leroy Somer SAS
Publication of EP3586426A1 publication Critical patent/EP3586426A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2793—Rotors axially facing stators
    • H02K1/2795—Rotors axially facing stators the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2798—Rotors axially facing stators the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets where both axial sides of the stator face a rotor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
    • H02K1/246—Variable reluctance rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/02—Machines with one stator and two or more rotors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of rotating electrical machines, and more particularly that of rotating axial flow electrical machines.
  • axial flow it should be understood that the flow flowing in the machine is oriented in the gap formed between the rotor and the stator in a direction parallel to an axis of rotation of the machine, in contrast with a so-called flow machine.
  • radial in which the flow flows between the rotor and the stator in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine.
  • the invention relates more particularly to reluctance synchronous machines, called synchro-reluctant machines.
  • a reluctance machine is a machine configured to obtain in each pole of the machine a high saliency so as to have a machine with high salient torque.
  • saliency of a pole is meant that the reluctance varies as one moves in the air gap along the pole during the rotation of the rotor.
  • Axial flux and permanent magnet machines are known, for example from documents US Pat. No. 8,674,525, US 2012/0146445, US 2013/0285483, US 2014/0042852 or even US 2014/0292117. These machines have two rotors on which the magnets are mounted on the surface. These machines are devoid of saliency.
  • US 2013/0049512 also discloses other topologies, with more stators than rotors and which have the disadvantage of being constituted by stator yokes which can lead to iron losses.
  • the rotor also has magnets arranged on the surface.
  • the machine comprises two stators and a flux concentration rotor, the two stators having outwardly protruding teeth.
  • the rotor is weakly protruding.
  • the rotors of such rotating electrical machines do not make it possible to provide relatively low polarity machines, for example less than 12, better still less than 8 or even 6, with efficient use of magnets, in particular ferrite magnets and / or at low energy density, or even being devoid of permanent magnets.
  • the invention relates alternators as well as engines.
  • an axial-flow rotating electrical machine comprising at least one stator and at least one rotor, arranged along an axis of rotation.
  • rotation X of the machine the rotor comprising a rotor mass and housings formed in the rotor mass, these housings being in particular slot-shaped, the housings defining magnetic poles of the rotor, said housings possibly each containing at least one magnet permanent.
  • stator (s) and rotor (s) of the machine are thus arranged successively along the axis of rotation of the machine, and not in a concentric manner, as in radial flow machines.
  • the machine according to the invention with axial flow and synchronous reluctance, with or without permanent magnets, makes it possible to obtain a much higher saliency than on the state-of-the-art machines and minimize or even eliminate the need to use permanent magnets.
  • the size of the machine can be reduced and its compactness improved.
  • the surface of the gap between the rotor and the stator being larger, a better electrical conversion is obtained.
  • the surface of the gap is, in the case of an axial flow machine, weakly related to the length of the stator and the rotor.
  • the machine can be less bulky.
  • the structure of the machine makes it possible to effectively use the pair of saliency obtained while retaining any possible permanent magnets.
  • the total torque obtained is that coming from both permanent magnets possibly used and the saliency of the machine.
  • the machine according to the invention makes it possible to exploit the pair of saliency in addition to the torque coming from the permanent magnets.
  • the torque due to the magnets is smaller, so that a smaller amount of permanent magnets can be used, or magnets with a lower energy density can be used.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that for the same quantity and the same type of permanent magnets, the total torque obtained is greater because of the torque due to the saliency which is added to the torque due to the permanent magnets to obtain the total torque.
  • the rotor may comprise a rotor magnetic mass comprising the housings, which can receive any permanent magnets, and a shaft extending along an axis of rotation, on which the rotor mass is arranged.
  • This shaft is integral with the rotor or rotors, and rests by at least one bearing, for example one or two bearings, on a housing of the machine, in particular one or two flanges (s) end of the machine.
  • the shaft may be made of a magnetic material, which advantageously makes it possible to reduce the risk of saturation in the rotor mass and to improve the electromagnetic performances of the rotor.
  • the shaft may comprise a magnetic sleeve in contact with the rotor mass, the sleeve being mounted on an axis, magnetic or not.
  • the rotor may comprise a non-magnetic shaft on which the rotor mass is arranged.
  • the tree can for example be realized at least partly in a material of the following list, which is not limiting: non-magnetic steel, stainless steel, titanium or any other non-magnetic material
  • the rotor mass may in one embodiment be disposed directly on the non-magnetic shaft, for example without intermediate rim.
  • the rotor may comprise a rim surrounding the rotor shaft and coming to bear on the latter.
  • the rotor magnetic mass may be wholly or partly made with magnetic sheets.
  • the rotor magnetic mass may be wholly or partly made by means of one or more solid magnetic materials, for example chosen from: gray cast iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron, soft magnetic composite materials, otherwise known as soft magnetic composites (SMCs), amorphous magnetic materials, cast steel, forged steel, this list not being limiting.
  • solid magnetic materials for example chosen from: gray cast iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron, soft magnetic composite materials, otherwise known as soft magnetic composites (SMCs), amorphous magnetic materials, cast steel, forged steel, this list not being limiting.
  • the rotor magnetic mass may be wholly or partly made of an isotropic material, such as, for example, magnetic powders agglomerated by sintering or gluing, or by the addition of metal according to the so-called 3D printing methods.
  • an isotropic material such as, for example, magnetic powders agglomerated by sintering or gluing, or by the addition of metal according to the so-called 3D printing methods.
  • the rotor mass extends along the axis of rotation of the machine and is arranged around the shaft.
  • the shaft may comprise torque transmission means for driving in rotation of the rotor mass.
  • the housings according to the invention are entirely formed in the rotor mass.
  • the rotor may be devoid of pole pieces that would be disposed between two consecutive magnets of opposite polarities, their polarity being oriented in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine.
  • the number of possible housings and magnets total of the machine depends on the polarity of the rotor.
  • the rotor mass may comprise any number of dwellings, for example between 4 and 96 dwellings, better still between 8 and 40 dwellings, or even between 16 and 32 dwellings.
  • the number of housings per rotor pole may for example be between 1 and 12 dwellings, better between 2 and 10 dwellings, or even between 3 and 8 dwellings per rotor pole.
  • Magnets can be buried in the rotor mass. In other words, the magnets are covered by the rotor mass at the gap.
  • the surface of the rotor at the gap can be entirely defined by the edge of the rotor mass and not by magnets.
  • the housing does not open outwardly along the axis of rotation.
  • the housings can be filled at least partially with a non-magnetic synthetic material. This material can lock up the magnets in the housings and / or increase the cohesion of the rotor mass.
  • the rotor mass may comprise, where appropriate, one or more reliefs contributing to the proper positioning of the magnets, especially in the radial direction.
  • the rotor can be mounted cantilevered or not.
  • the machine may be devoid of permanent magnets. It is said in this case that the rotating electrical machine according to the invention is pure synchronous reluctance.
  • the housing of the rotor may in this case be empty or contain one or more non-magnetic parts.
  • the machine may comprise housings comprising one or more permanent magnets.
  • Any permanent magnets may be made at least partially of ferrite, rare earth, AINiCo or any other hard magnetic material.
  • the permanent magnets can in particular be made at least partially of ferrite. They may for example not contain rare earths, or at least contain less than 50% rare earth en masse.
  • the arrangement of the housings receiving the magnets makes it possible to concentrate the flux of the magnets and to obtain with interesting ferrite magnets.
  • the polarity of the magnets can be oriented along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the machine.
  • the rotor mass Thanks to the arrangement of the magnets in the rotor mass, sufficient induction levels in the air gap are obtained, even with a relatively low rotor polarity, for example less than or equal to 6, while not necessarily using magnets.
  • high volume energy such as magnets made of rare earths, but on the contrary low energy density, for example made of ferrite.
  • the cost of the rotor can thus be reduced.
  • the polarity of the rotor can be reduced if the application requires it.
  • the rotor according to the invention makes it possible to increase the level Induction in the gap without increasing the polarity and using magnets with low energy density.
  • the permanent magnets can be oriented radially, along a radius of the machine, and / or axially, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the machine.
  • all the housings of the rotor may comprise permanent magnets.
  • the rotor of the machine may comprise housings devoid of permanent magnets and others comprising one or more permanent magnets.
  • the same magnetic pole of the machine can be defined by housings comprising permanent magnets and empty housing of any permanent magnet. All the magnetic poles of the machine can thus be defined.
  • the machine may comprise magnetic poles which differ from one another by at least one of the arrangement of the housings, the shape of the latter, their number to form a pole, their filling by permanent magnets or not, by non-magnetic parts or not.
  • the rotor of the machine may comprise a first magnetic pole and a second magnetic pole adjacent to the first magnetic pole, the first and second magnetic poles being of different polarity, the housings of the first magnetic pole being devoid of permanent magnets and housings of the second magnetic pole having one or more permanent magnets.
  • a housing devoid of permanent magnet can be filled at least partially with one or more non-magnetic parts.
  • shims may be inserted into one or more housings to allow the permanent magnets or non-magnetic parts to be maintained or separated. These wedges may themselves be non-magnetic.
  • the permanent magnets may be rectangular in cross section. As a variant, the magnets may be in curvilinear cross-section, for example of ring-shaped shape.
  • the permanent magnets may have a thickness e of between 4 and 20 mm.
  • the magnet or magnets of a second housing may be of the same thickness as the magnets of another first housing, or alternatively of a different thickness. housing
  • the housing of the rotor may be oriented radially, substantially along a radius of the machine, and / or axially, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the machine. They can be U-shaped or V-shaped when observed in a cutting plane that contains the axis of rotation of the machine. U or V are oriented towards the gap. By "U or V facing the air gap” means that the U or V is open towards the air gap.
  • Each side branch of a U or a V can contain a single permanent magnet.
  • each lateral branch of a U or of a V contains more than one permanent magnet, in particular two magnets forming, for example, each branch of the U or V. Such a segmentation of the magnets can make it possible to improve the circulation of the flow in the rotor mass and / or introduce bridges to stiffen it.
  • a magnetic pole of the rotor may be defined by at least one housing of generally cylindrical, cylindrical, conical or frustoconical shape.
  • the housing or housing may form an angle with a radial axis of the corresponding pole, for example between 0 and 45 °, better than 30 °.
  • the housing may be of cylindrical general shape.
  • the cylindrical housing can be, when observed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine, of generally annular shape, in particular circular, square, triangular, rectangular, or of any other geometrical shape, or else having two convergent slots towards the axis of rotation of the machine.
  • a magnetic pole of the rotor can be defined by a housing.
  • a magnetic pole of the rotor can be defined by a plurality of concentric cylindrical housings to each other, in particular between two and seven concentric housings, for example three concentric housings.
  • a generally cylindrical housing of revolution may comprise a bottom portion.
  • the housing thus has a general shape of pot
  • the bottom portion may have a generally circular shape, square, triangular, or rectangular.
  • the machine may be devoid of magnets disposed on the surface of the magnetic mass of the rotor.
  • the machine may comprise at least one permanent magnet disposed on the surface of the magnetic mass of the rotor.
  • the shape of the housing in section parallel to the longitudinal axis X may be chosen to optimize the waveform of the induction in the gap.
  • at least one end of the housing in section parallel to the longitudinal axis X may be rectangular, triangular or curved. Both ends are optionally rectangular, triangular or curved.
  • the part (s) of the housing without magnet at one of its ends or ends may be in the shape of a right-angled or rounded triangle.
  • the rotor may comprise permanent magnets inserted in all or part of the dwellings, for example in at least half of the dwellings, or even in more than two thirds of the dwellings, or even in all the dwellings.
  • the stator may include teeth and coils disposed on the teeth.
  • the stator may be concentrated winding, that is to say wound on teeth, with each winding surrounding a tooth, and each tooth carrying a winding.
  • the stator winding is multiphase.
  • the number of phases may be at least 3, being for example equal to 3, or greater than 3, for example 5, 7, 11, 13, or 17, or even more.
  • stator may be distributed winding.
  • the number of teeth and notches per pole and per phase can be between 2 and 9 teeth, for example 3 teeth per pole and per phase.
  • the electrical conductors of the stator windings can be arranged in the corresponding winding "in bulk", or on the contrary being “stored”.
  • the windings can be made in the form of distributed windings, for example being distributed in multi-stages, with any number of layers. Such a configuration may be favorable to the reduction of space harmonics related to the winding distribution, as is often the practice in conventional topology machines.
  • the electrical conductors of the stator windings can be made with son of circular cross section, or oblong, the conductor then being called "flat wire".
  • the son used can be insulated at low voltage, being enamelled or even glazed gimped, or medium voltage, being isolated by mica paper for example, or even at very high voltage, being for example made with high voltage cable. Cooling of the windings can be achieved by the gas contained in the machine, for example air, in forced convection for example, or not, or alternatively by a liquid circulating in coils appropriately included in the windings, or even in the wires themselves windings, which can then be made with hollow electrical conductors.
  • the stator may be without breech, or alternatively it may include a breech.
  • the stator may comprise between 6 and 48 teeth, for example 12 teeth in one embodiment.
  • the stator may comprise at least 6 teeth, for example 6, 12 or 18 teeth, or even more.
  • the stator windings are preferably each wound around a winding axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the machine.
  • the windings may comprise copper or aluminum wires, or any other electrically conductive material.
  • the teeth of the stator may each be of substantially prismatic general shape, comprising in particular, in cross section taken perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine, two portions of concentric circles connected by two radii or alternatively two linear portions connected by two radii .
  • the largest portion of the two linear or partially circular portions may be located towards the outside of the machine.
  • the teeth of the stator may be of other shape, being for example rectangular.
  • the axial length of a stator tooth, measured along the axis of rotation of the machine may be greater than the axial length of a winding measured along the axis of rotation of the machine.
  • the windings of the stator may be of corresponding shape.
  • the stator teeth have a front face facing the rotor. Said faces are preferably flat and extend perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine.
  • stator teeth can be attached to an annular stator reinforcement
  • the teeth can be made in one piece with this annular stator frame, or alternatively be held on by any means such as for example bonding, welding, screwing, assembly, for example by dovetails, this list being not limiting.
  • the teeth may be formed of a stack of sheets, held together by any means such as for example gluing, latching, riveting and attached to the annular stator frame for example by screwing.
  • the sheets can be stacked along a radial parallel stacking axis, this stack axis being perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine.
  • the sheets used in the stack have a size that increases as one moves away from the axis of rotation of the machine.
  • Cutting teeth in the sheet stack can be designed to reduce material losses. It is for example performed with the teeth oriented head to tail, so as to avoid falls. At equivalent cost, it can be used to make the teeth a more expensive magnetic material, for example of better quality and more efficient.
  • the teeth may also be made of an isotropic material, such as, for example, magnetic powders agglomerated by sintering or gluing, amorphous magnetic materials, or by the addition of metal according to the so-called 3D printing methods.
  • an isotropic material such as, for example, magnetic powders agglomerated by sintering or gluing, amorphous magnetic materials, or by the addition of metal according to the so-called 3D printing methods.
  • the annular stator reinforcement is preferably non-magnetic. It is for example made of aluminum. Thus, the stator may be devoid of magnetic yoke, which is less expensive. In a variant, the annular stator reinforcement is not non-magnetic.
  • the windings can be wound on a support intended to be itself threaded on the corresponding tooth.
  • This support is preferably made of electrical insulating material, for example plastic.
  • the machine may comprise a single stator and a single rotor.
  • the machine may comprise at least two rotors disposed on either side of the stator along the axis of rotation X of the machine.
  • the two rotors surrounding the stator may be angularly offset relative to each other, or not.
  • the two rotors may be symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine.
  • the stator teeth may each carry two coils disposed on the corresponding tooth on either side of the annular stator reinforcement, each of the two coils facing one of the two rotors.
  • the teeth of the stator can in particular be attached in their middle to said annular stator reinforcement.
  • the two resulting half-teeth may be of the same size, as well as the windings they carry.
  • the stator may be symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine.
  • the machine may comprise two stators and a central rotor.
  • the machine may comprise several stators and several rotors, as described below.
  • the machine can constitute a synchronous motor or a synchronous generator
  • the machine according to the invention can constitute a motor.
  • the number of poles of the machine can be at least 4, being for example 4, 6, 8 or 12.
  • One of the advantages of such a machine is its compactness.
  • the machine can also be a generator. In this case, it may have 4 or 6 poles for example. In an alternative embodiment, the machine comprises for example 4 poles and 6 teeth.
  • the ventilation of the machine can be forced by suction of air into the machine. This aspiration can be done by the middle of the machine, especially when it comprises two rotors arranged on either side of the stator.
  • FIG. 1 Another subject of the invention is a rotating electrical machine comprising a plurality of assemblies as described above, each consisting in particular of a stator and two rotors disposed on a common axis of rotation.
  • Such a machine comprises for example two assemblies each consisting in particular of a stator and two rotors, or even more, for example three or four sets, or even more, depending on the desired electrical or mechanical power.
  • the invention particularly relates to a machine comprising three assemblies according to the invention, each consisting in particular of a stator and two rotors arranged on a common axis of rotation, in which the windings of the stators are three-phase, with one phase per stator .
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic and partial perspective view of a machine produced according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view along the arrow II
  • FIG. 3 is a detail view, schematic and partial, along the axis of rotation X, of the stator of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of an alternative embodiment, with a distributed winding stator
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic and partial perspective view of the rotor of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 6 is a view in section parallel to the axis of rotation X
  • FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the magnets of a pole of the rotor
  • FIGS. 8a to 8c are views similar to FIG. 5 of variant embodiments.
  • FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 6 of an alternative embodiment
  • FIGS. 10a, 10b, 11 to 13 are views similar to FIG. 5 of variant embodiments.
  • Figure 14 is a view similar to Figure 6 of another embodiment.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 and 5 to 7 illustrate a rotary electrical machine 10 according to the invention, comprising a stator 20 and two rotors 40, disposed respectively on either side of the stator 20 along the axis of X rotation of the machine.
  • the stator has teeth 21 and coils 22 arranged on the teeth 21.
  • the coils 22 are each wound around a winding axis Y parallel to the axis of rotation X of the machine.
  • the teeth 21 of the stator 20 each comprise a face 23 facing one of the two rotors 40.
  • the faces 23 are flat and extend perpendicular to the axis of rotation X of the machine.
  • the stator comprises in the example described 12 teeth, but could include 6 or 8, or even more.
  • the stator is symmetrical with respect to a median plane for the stator, perpendicular to the axis of rotation X of the machine.
  • the stator 20 is devoid of a cylinder head.
  • the teeth 21 are configured such that they exceed windings of a distance d.
  • the teeth 21 are delimited when observed along the X axis by two portions 21a and 21b connected by two spokes 21c, as can be seen in Figure 3.
  • the coils 22 are of corresponding shape.
  • the stator is concentrated winding. It is not beyond the scope of the present invention if it is otherwise.
  • the stator may for example be distributed winding, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the number of teeth and notches per pole and per phase is 3.
  • the two rotors surrounding the stator are in the described example arranged face to face, being non-angularly offset relative to each other.
  • the rotors could also be angularly offset relative to each other, in particular to minimize torque ripples.
  • Each of the two rotors 40 comprises a rotor magnetic mass 41 comprising housings 42, able to receive any permanent magnets 43, and a shaft 50 extending along the axis of rotation X, on which the rotor mass 41 is arranged, as illustrated in FIG. Figure 1.
  • Housing 42 of a rotor defines a magnetic pole of the rotor.
  • a magnetic pole of the rotor is defined by housings of generally cylindrical shape of revolution, in particular three cylindrical housings concentric with each other.
  • Each housing has a cylindrical portion 42a and a disc bottom portion 42b.
  • the housing thus has a general shape of pot.
  • the magnetic mass 41 of the rotor may comprise magnetic portions 41 'not integral with the rest of the magnetic mass, which are arranged between the different housings of the same pole.
  • a housing thus having a length L measured along the axis of rotation of the machine, and may have a thickness e.
  • all the housings 42 are filled with permanent magnets 43, as illustrated.
  • the permanent magnets of a magnetic pole of the rotor comprises a tubular portion 43a housed in the cylindrical portion 42a of a housing 42, and a discoid portion 43b housed in the discoid bottom portion 42b of the housing 42.
  • Each of the rotors 40 further includes a yoke 45 on the side opposite the gap.
  • the housings are, when observed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine, of generally circular shape. It is not beyond the scope of the present invention if it is otherwise.
  • the housings can be for example, when observed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine, of other general shape, for example square, as shown in Figure 8a, triangular, as shown in Figure 8b, or still having two slots converging towards the axis of rotation of the machine, as shown in Figure 8c. It can be seen in FIG. 8c that the housings are U-shaped when observed perpendicularly to the axis of rotation of the machine. The U are oriented towards the gap.
  • the housings can be V-shaped, when observed in a section plane which contains the axis of rotation X, as shown in Figure 9.
  • the V are also oriented towards the air gap.
  • the housings 42 are filled with permanent magnets 43. It is not beyond the scope of the present invention if the housings are devoid of permanent magnets.
  • FIG. 10a illustrates such an exemplary embodiment in which all the housings 42 are empty of magnets
  • FIG. 10b an exemplary embodiment in which the rotor comprises a first magnetic pole and a second magnetic pole adjacent to the first magnetic pole, the first and second magnetic poles being of different polarity, the specific housings of the first magnetic pole being devoid of permanent magnets and housings of the second magnetic pole having one or more permanent magnets.
  • the housings 42 are open towards the gap. It is not beyond the scope of the present invention if it is otherwise, and if the housings are closed on the air gap side by a magnetic overlap portion 46, which can be formed in one piece with the rest of the rotor magnetic mass, as illustrated in Figure 11, or reported thereon, as shown in Figure 12, and maintained for example by gluing.
  • the magnetic covering portion 46 may be made of the same material as the rotor magnetic mass, or in a different material. This magnetic portion of recovery then constitutes a tangential bridge at the gap for the circulation of the magnetic flux.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an axial flow rotating electric machine (10) comprising at least one stator (20) and at least one rotor (40) which are arranged along an axis of rotation (X) of the machine, the rotor (40) having a rotor mass and cavities in the rotor mass, said cavities defining magnetic poles of the rotor and each optionally containing at least one permanent magnet.

Description

MACHINE ELECTRIQUE TOURNANTE A FLUX AXIAL  AXIAL FLUX ROTARY ELECTRIC MACHINE
La présente invention concerne le domaine des machines électriques tournantes, et plus particulièrement celui des machines électriques tournantes à flux axial.  The present invention relates to the field of rotating electrical machines, and more particularly that of rotating axial flow electrical machines.
Par « flux axial », il faut comprendre que le flux circulant dans la machine est orienté dans l'entrefer ménagé entre le rotor et le stator selon une direction parallèle à un axe de rotation de la machine, par contraste avec une machine dite à flux radial, dans lequel le flux circule entre le rotor et le stator selon une direction perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation de la machine.  By "axial flow", it should be understood that the flow flowing in the machine is oriented in the gap formed between the rotor and the stator in a direction parallel to an axis of rotation of the machine, in contrast with a so-called flow machine. radial, in which the flow flows between the rotor and the stator in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine.
L'invention concerne plus particulièrement les machines synchrones à réluctance, dites synchro-réluctantes. Une machine à réluctance est une machine configurée pour obtenir dans chaque pôle de la machine une saillance élevée de manière à avoir une machine à fort couple de saillance. Par « saillance d'un pôle », on entend que la réluctance varie lorsque l'on se déplace dans l'entrefer le long du pôle lors de la rotation du rotor.  The invention relates more particularly to reluctance synchronous machines, called synchro-reluctant machines. A reluctance machine is a machine configured to obtain in each pole of the machine a high saliency so as to have a machine with high salient torque. By "saliency of a pole" is meant that the reluctance varies as one moves in the air gap along the pole during the rotation of the rotor.
On connaît des machines à flux axial et à aimants permanents, par exemple par les documents US 8 674 525, US 2012/0146445, US 2013/0285483, US 2014/0042852 ou encore US 2014/0292117. Ces machines comportent deux rotors sur lesquels les aimants sont montés en surface. Ces machines sont dépourvues de saillance.  Axial flux and permanent magnet machines are known, for example from documents US Pat. No. 8,674,525, US 2012/0146445, US 2013/0285483, US 2014/0042852 or even US 2014/0292117. These machines have two rotors on which the magnets are mounted on the surface. These machines are devoid of saliency.
On connaît également par exemple par US 2013/0049512 d'autres topologies, avec davantage de stators que de rotors et qui présentent l'inconvénient d'être constituées de culasses aux stators qui peuvent entraîner des pertes fer. Dans ces machines, le rotor comporte également des aimants disposés en surface.  For example, US 2013/0049512 also discloses other topologies, with more stators than rotors and which have the disadvantage of being constituted by stator yokes which can lead to iron losses. In these machines, the rotor also has magnets arranged on the surface.
D'autres machines, connues par exemple du brevet US 6 833 647 ou de la demande US 2011/0260566, fonctionnent sur le principe de la concentration de flux au rotor et présentent ainsi une faible saillance. La disposition des aimants permet de concentrer le flux magnétique et également de créer une légère saillance.  Other machines, known for example from US Patent 6,833,647 or US application 2011/0260566, operate on the principle of the flux concentration at the rotor and thus have a low saliency. The arrangement of the magnets allows to concentrate the magnetic flux and also to create a slight saliency.
Dans WO 96/29774, la machine comporte deux stators et un rotor à concentration de flux, les deux stators comportant des dents saillantes vers l'extérieur. Dans cette machine, le rotor est faiblement saillant.  In WO 96/29774, the machine comprises two stators and a flux concentration rotor, the two stators having outwardly protruding teeth. In this machine, the rotor is weakly protruding.
Dans les rotors connus, afin d'obtenir des niveaux d'induction suffisants dans l'entrefer et avoir des machines compactes, il peut être nécessaire d'utiliser des aimants à forte densité d'énergie, donc coûteux. En effet, de tels aimants sont fabriqués avec des terres rares. In known rotors, in order to obtain sufficient induction levels in the air gap and to have compact machines, it may be necessary to use magnets to high energy density, so expensive. Indeed, such magnets are made with rare earths.
Dans d'autres machines, on utilise des aimants à faible énergie volumique, réalisés en ferrite, mais de telles machines présentent l'inconvénient de nécessiter une polarité élevée ou des rotors de très grand diamètre pour obtenir des niveaux d'induction dans l'entrefer comparables à ceux que l'on peut obtenir avec des aimants à forte énergie volumique. Une machine à polarité élevée nécessite des hautes fréquences, d'où des pertes importantes dans le moteur sous la forme de pertes fer et dans l'onduleur sous la forme de pertes par commutation. De telles machines à polarité élevée et avec des aimants à faible densité d'énergie sont donc utilisées à des vitesses limitées.  In other machines, low-energy magnets made of ferrite are used, but such machines have the disadvantage of requiring high polarity or very large diameter rotors to obtain induction levels in the air gap. comparable to those that can be obtained with magnets with high volumic energy. A machine with high polarity requires high frequencies, which results in significant losses in the motor in the form of losses iron and in the inverter in the form of switching losses. Such machines with high polarity and with low energy density magnets are therefore used at limited speeds.
Ainsi, les rotors de telles machines électriques tournantes ne permettent pas de fournir des machines à polarité relativement basse, par exemple inférieure à 12, mieux inférieure à 8 ou même à 6, avec une utilisation efficace des aimants, notamment d'aimants en ferrite et/ou à basse densité d'énergie, voire étant dépourvues d'aimants permanents.  Thus, the rotors of such rotating electrical machines do not make it possible to provide relatively low polarity machines, for example less than 12, better still less than 8 or even 6, with efficient use of magnets, in particular ferrite magnets and / or at low energy density, or even being devoid of permanent magnets.
II existe donc un besoin pour bénéficier d'une machine électrique tournante permettant d'éviter l'utilisation d'aimants ou permettant une utilisation plus efficace des aimants, notamment d'aimants en ferrite et/ou à basse densité d'énergie, et éventuellement avec une polarité qui n'est pas nécessairement élevée.  There is therefore a need to benefit from a rotating electrical machine that makes it possible to avoid the use of magnets or to allow more efficient use of magnets, in particular ferrite magnets and / or low energy density magnets, and possibly with a polarity that is not necessarily high.
L'invention concerne aussi bien les alternateurs que les moteurs.  The invention relates alternators as well as engines.
L'invention vise à répondre à ce besoin et a ainsi pour objet, selon l'un de ses aspects, une machine électrique tournante à flux axial, comportant au moins un stator et au moins un rotor, disposés le long d'un axe de rotation X de la machine, le rotor comportant une masse rotorique et des logements ménagés dans la masse rotorique, ces logements étant notamment en forme de fentes, les logements définissant des pôles magnétiques du rotor, lesdits logements pouvant contenir ou non chacun au moins un aimant permanent.  The aim of the invention is to respond to this need and thus, according to one of its aspects, an axial-flow rotating electrical machine comprising at least one stator and at least one rotor, arranged along an axis of rotation. rotation X of the machine, the rotor comprising a rotor mass and housings formed in the rotor mass, these housings being in particular slot-shaped, the housings defining magnetic poles of the rotor, said housings possibly each containing at least one magnet permanent.
Par « disposés le long d'un axe de rotation de la machine », on entend que lorsque l'on se déplace le long de l'axe de rotation de la machine, on rencontre successivement l'un du stator et du rotor, puis l'autre du stator et du rotor. Les stator(s) et rotor(s) de la machine sont ainsi disposés successivement le long de l'axe de rotation de la machine, et non pas de manière concentrique, comme dans les machines à flux radial.  By "arranged along an axis of rotation of the machine" is meant that when moving along the axis of rotation of the machine, successively one of the stator and the rotor is encountered, then the other of the stator and the rotor. The stator (s) and rotor (s) of the machine are thus arranged successively along the axis of rotation of the machine, and not in a concentric manner, as in radial flow machines.
La machine selon l'invention, à flux axial et à réluctance synchrone, avec ou sans aimants permanents, permet d'obtenir une saillance nettement plus élevée que sur les machines de l'état de l'art et de minimiser, voire de supprimer, la nécessité d'utiliser des aimants permanents. The machine according to the invention, with axial flow and synchronous reluctance, with or without permanent magnets, makes it possible to obtain a much higher saliency than on the state-of-the-art machines and minimize or even eliminate the need to use permanent magnets.
Grâce à l'orientation axiale de la machine selon l'invention, l'encombrement de la machine peut être réduit et sa compacité améliorée. La surface de l'entrefer entre le rotor et le stator étant plus grande, on obtient une meilleure conversion électrique. En effet, la surface de l'entrefer est, dans le cas d'une machine à flux axial, faiblement liée à la longueur du stator et du rotor. La machine peut donc être moins volumineuse.  Due to the axial orientation of the machine according to the invention, the size of the machine can be reduced and its compactness improved. The surface of the gap between the rotor and the stator being larger, a better electrical conversion is obtained. Indeed, the surface of the gap is, in the case of an axial flow machine, weakly related to the length of the stator and the rotor. The machine can be less bulky.
Dans l'invention, la structure de la machine permet d'utiliser efficacement le couple de saillance obtenu tout en conservant celui éventuel des aimants permanents. Le couple total obtenu est celui provenant à la fois des aimants permanents éventuellement utilisés et de la saillance de la machine.  In the invention, the structure of the machine makes it possible to effectively use the pair of saliency obtained while retaining any possible permanent magnets. The total torque obtained is that coming from both permanent magnets possibly used and the saliency of the machine.
Ainsi, la machine selon l'invention permet d'exploiter le couple de saillance en plus du couple issu des aimants permanents. Ainsi, à couple total constant, le couple dû aux aimants est plus faible, de sorte qu'une quantité plus faible d'aimants permanents peut être utilisée, ou on peut utiliser des aimants avec une plus faible densité d'énergie.  Thus, the machine according to the invention makes it possible to exploit the pair of saliency in addition to the torque coming from the permanent magnets. Thus, at constant total torque, the torque due to the magnets is smaller, so that a smaller amount of permanent magnets can be used, or magnets with a lower energy density can be used.
Un autre avantage de l'invention est que pour une même quantité et un même type d'aimants permanents, le couple total obtenu est plus important en raison du couple dû à la saillance qui s'ajoute au couple dû aux aimants permanents pour obtenir le couple total.  Another advantage of the invention is that for the same quantity and the same type of permanent magnets, the total torque obtained is greater because of the torque due to the saliency which is added to the torque due to the permanent magnets to obtain the total torque.
Rotor  Rotor
Le rotor peut comporter une masse magnétique rotorique comportant les logements, pouvant recevoir les éventuels aimants permanents, et un arbre s'étendant selon un axe de rotation, sur lequel est disposée la masse rotorique. Cet arbre est solidaire du ou des rotors, et repose par au moins un palier, par exemple un ou deux paliers, sur un carter de la machine, notamment un ou deux flasque(s) d'extrémité de la machine.  The rotor may comprise a rotor magnetic mass comprising the housings, which can receive any permanent magnets, and a shaft extending along an axis of rotation, on which the rotor mass is arranged. This shaft is integral with the rotor or rotors, and rests by at least one bearing, for example one or two bearings, on a housing of the machine, in particular one or two flanges (s) end of the machine.
L'arbre peut être réalisé dans un matériau magnétique, ce qui permet avantageusement de diminuer le risque de saturation dans la masse rotorique et d'améliorer les performances électromagnétiques du rotor. L'arbre peut comporter un manchon magnétique en contact avec la masse rotorique, le manchon étant monté sur un axe, magnétique ou non.  The shaft may be made of a magnetic material, which advantageously makes it possible to reduce the risk of saturation in the rotor mass and to improve the electromagnetic performances of the rotor. The shaft may comprise a magnetic sleeve in contact with the rotor mass, the sleeve being mounted on an axis, magnetic or not.
En variante, le rotor peut comporter un arbre amagnétique sur lequel est disposée la masse rotorique. L'arbre peut par exemple être réalisé au moins en partie dans un matériau de la liste suivante, qui n'est pas limitative : acier amagnétique, inox, titane ou tout autre matériau amagnétique La masse rotorique peut dans un mode de réalisation être disposée directement sur l'arbre amagnétique, par exemple sans jante intermédiaire. En variante, notamment dans le cas où l'arbre n'est pas amagnétique, le rotor peut comporter une jante entourant l'arbre du rotor et venant prendre appui sur ce dernier. In a variant, the rotor may comprise a non-magnetic shaft on which the rotor mass is arranged. The tree can for example be realized at least partly in a material of the following list, which is not limiting: non-magnetic steel, stainless steel, titanium or any other non-magnetic material The rotor mass may in one embodiment be disposed directly on the non-magnetic shaft, for example without intermediate rim. Alternatively, especially in the case where the shaft is not non-magnetic, the rotor may comprise a rim surrounding the rotor shaft and coming to bear on the latter.
La masse magnétique rotorique peut être en tout ou en partie réalisée avec des tôles magnétiques.  The rotor magnetic mass may be wholly or partly made with magnetic sheets.
La masse magnétique rotorique peut être en tout ou en partie réalisée au moyen d'un ou plusieurs matériaux magnétiques massifs, par exemple choisis parmi : fonte grise, fonte à graphite sphéroïdal, matériaux composites magnétiques doux, autrement appelés SMC {soft magnetic composites), matériaux magnétiques amorphes, acier moulé, acier forgé, cette liste n'étant pas limitative.  The rotor magnetic mass may be wholly or partly made by means of one or more solid magnetic materials, for example chosen from: gray cast iron, spheroidal graphite cast iron, soft magnetic composite materials, otherwise known as soft magnetic composites (SMCs), amorphous magnetic materials, cast steel, forged steel, this list not being limiting.
La masse magnétique rotorique peut être en tout ou en partie réalisée dans un matériau isotrope, tel que par exemple des poudres magnétiques agglomérées par frittage ou collage, ou grâce à l'apport de métal selon les procédés dits d'impression 3D.  The rotor magnetic mass may be wholly or partly made of an isotropic material, such as, for example, magnetic powders agglomerated by sintering or gluing, or by the addition of metal according to the so-called 3D printing methods.
La masse rotorique s'étend selon l'axe de rotation de la machine et elle est disposée autour de l'arbre. L'arbre peut comporter des moyens de transmission de couple pour l'entraînement en rotation de la masse rotorique.  The rotor mass extends along the axis of rotation of the machine and is arranged around the shaft. The shaft may comprise torque transmission means for driving in rotation of the rotor mass.
Les logements selon l'invention sont entièrement ménagés dans la masse rotorique. Le rotor peut être dépourvu de pièces polaires qui seraient disposées entre deux aimants consécutifs de polarités opposées, leur polarité étant orientée dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation de la machine.  The housings according to the invention are entirely formed in the rotor mass. The rotor may be devoid of pole pieces that would be disposed between two consecutive magnets of opposite polarities, their polarity being oriented in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine.
Le nombre de logements et d'aimants éventuels total de la machine dépend de la polarité du rotor. La masse rotorique peut comporter un nombre quelconque de logements, par exemple entre 4 et 96 logements, mieux entre 8 et 40 logements, voire entre 16 et 32 logements. Le nombre de logements par pôle du rotor peut par exemple être compris entre 1 et 12 logements, mieux entre 2 et 10 logements, voire entre 3 et 8 logements par pôle du rotor.  The number of possible housings and magnets total of the machine depends on the polarity of the rotor. The rotor mass may comprise any number of dwellings, for example between 4 and 96 dwellings, better still between 8 and 40 dwellings, or even between 16 and 32 dwellings. The number of housings per rotor pole may for example be between 1 and 12 dwellings, better between 2 and 10 dwellings, or even between 3 and 8 dwellings per rotor pole.
Les aimants peuvent être enterrés dans la masse rotorique. Autrement dit, les aimants sont recouverts par la masse rotorique au niveau de l'entrefer. La surface du rotor au niveau de l'entrefer peut être entièrement définie par le bord de la masse rotorique et non par les aimants. Les logements ne débouchent alors pas vers l'extérieur selon l'axe de rotation. Magnets can be buried in the rotor mass. In other words, the magnets are covered by the rotor mass at the gap. The surface of the rotor at the gap can be entirely defined by the edge of the rotor mass and not by magnets. The housing does not open outwardly along the axis of rotation.
Les logements peuvent être remplis au moins partiellement par une matière synthétique non magnétique. Cette matière peut bloquer en place les aimants dans les logements et/ou augmenter la cohésion de la masse rotorique.  The housings can be filled at least partially with a non-magnetic synthetic material. This material can lock up the magnets in the housings and / or increase the cohesion of the rotor mass.
La masse rotorique peut comporter, le cas échéant, un ou plusieurs reliefs contribuant au bon positionnement des aimants, notamment dans la direction radiale.  The rotor mass may comprise, where appropriate, one or more reliefs contributing to the proper positioning of the magnets, especially in the radial direction.
Le rotor peut être monté en porte-à-faux ou non.  The rotor can be mounted cantilevered or not.
Aimants  magnets
La machine peut être dépourvue d'aimants permanents. On dit dans ce cas que la machine électrique tournante selon l'invention est à synchro-réluctance pure. Les logements du rotor peuvent dans ce cas être vides ou contenir une ou plusieurs pièces amagnétiques.  The machine may be devoid of permanent magnets. It is said in this case that the rotating electrical machine according to the invention is pure synchronous reluctance. The housing of the rotor may in this case be empty or contain one or more non-magnetic parts.
En variante, la machine peut comporter des logements comportant un ou plusieurs aimants permanents. Les aimants permanents éventuels peuvent être réalisés au moins partiellement en ferrite, en terres rares, en AINiCo ou tout autre matériau magnétique dur.  Alternatively, the machine may comprise housings comprising one or more permanent magnets. Any permanent magnets may be made at least partially of ferrite, rare earth, AINiCo or any other hard magnetic material.
Les aimants permanents peuvent en particulier être réalisés au moins partiellement en ferrite. Ils peuvent par exemple ne pas contenir de terres rares, ou à tout le moins contenir moins de 50% de terres rares en masse. La disposition des logements recevant les aimants permet de concentrer le flux des aimants et d'obtenir avec des aimants en ferrites des performances intéressantes.  The permanent magnets can in particular be made at least partially of ferrite. They may for example not contain rare earths, or at least contain less than 50% rare earth en masse. The arrangement of the housings receiving the magnets makes it possible to concentrate the flux of the magnets and to obtain with interesting ferrite magnets.
La polarité des aimants peut être orientée selon un axe parallèle à l'axe de rotation de la machine.  The polarity of the magnets can be oriented along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the machine.
Grâce à la disposition des aimants dans la masse rotorique, on obtient des niveaux d'induction dans l'entrefer suffisants, même avec une polarité du rotor relativement faible, par exemple inférieure ou égale à 6, tout en n'utilisant pas nécessairement des aimants à forte énergie volumique, tels que des aimants réalisés en terres rares, mais au contraire à faible énergie volumique, par exemple réalisés en ferrite. Le coût du rotor peut ainsi en être réduit. En outre, la polarité du rotor peut être réduite si l'application le nécessite. En effet, le rotor selon l'invention permet d'augmenter le niveau d'induction dans l'entrefer sans augmenter la polarité et en utilisant des aimants à faible densité d'énergie. Thanks to the arrangement of the magnets in the rotor mass, sufficient induction levels in the air gap are obtained, even with a relatively low rotor polarity, for example less than or equal to 6, while not necessarily using magnets. high volume energy, such as magnets made of rare earths, but on the contrary low energy density, for example made of ferrite. The cost of the rotor can thus be reduced. In addition, the polarity of the rotor can be reduced if the application requires it. Indeed, the rotor according to the invention makes it possible to increase the level Induction in the gap without increasing the polarity and using magnets with low energy density.
Les aimants permanents peuvent être orientés radialement, selon un rayon de la machine, et/ou axialement, perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal de la machine. Dans un mode de réalisation tous les logements du rotor peuvent comporter des aimants permanents.  The permanent magnets can be oriented radially, along a radius of the machine, and / or axially, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the machine. In one embodiment, all the housings of the rotor may comprise permanent magnets.
En variante encore, le rotor de la machine peut comporter des logements dépourvus d'aimants permanents et d'autres comportant un ou plusieurs aimants permanents. Dans un mode de réalisation, un même pôle magnétique de la machine peut être défini par des logements comportant des aimants permanents et des logements vides de tout aimant permanent. Tous les pôles magnétiques de la machine peuvent être ainsi définis.  In another variant, the rotor of the machine may comprise housings devoid of permanent magnets and others comprising one or more permanent magnets. In one embodiment, the same magnetic pole of the machine can be defined by housings comprising permanent magnets and empty housing of any permanent magnet. All the magnetic poles of the machine can thus be defined.
Dans un autre exemple de réalisation, la machine peut comporter des pôles magnétiques qui diffèrent les uns des autres par l'un au moins de la disposition des logements, de la forme de ceux-ci, de leur nombre pour former un pôle, de leur remplissage par des aimants permanents ou non, par des pièces amagnétiques ou non.  In another embodiment, the machine may comprise magnetic poles which differ from one another by at least one of the arrangement of the housings, the shape of the latter, their number to form a pole, their filling by permanent magnets or not, by non-magnetic parts or not.
A titre d'exemple, le rotor de la machine peut comporter un premier pôle magnétique et un deuxième pôle magnétique adjacent au premier pôle magnétique, les premier et deuxième pôles magnétiques étant de polarité différente, des logements propres au premier pôle magnétique étant dépourvus d'aimants permanents et des logements propres au deuxième pôle magnétique comportant un ou plusieurs aimants permanents.  By way of example, the rotor of the machine may comprise a first magnetic pole and a second magnetic pole adjacent to the first magnetic pole, the first and second magnetic poles being of different polarity, the housings of the first magnetic pole being devoid of permanent magnets and housings of the second magnetic pole having one or more permanent magnets.
Dans tous les cas, un logement dépourvu d'aimant permanent peut être rempli au moins partiellement avec une ou plusieurs pièces amagnétiques.  In any case, a housing devoid of permanent magnet can be filled at least partially with one or more non-magnetic parts.
Dans un mode de réalisation, des cales peuvent être insérées dans un ou plusieurs logements pour permettre de maintenir ou séparer les aimants permanents ou les pièces amagnétiques susmentionnées. Ces cales peuvent être elles-mêmes amagnétiques.  In one embodiment, shims may be inserted into one or more housings to allow the permanent magnets or non-magnetic parts to be maintained or separated. These wedges may themselves be non-magnetic.
Les aimants permanents peuvent être de forme rectangulaire en section transversale. En variante, les aimants peuvent être en section transversale curviligne, par exemple de forme en secteur d'anneau. Les aimants permanents peuvent être d'une épaisseur e comprise entre 4 et 20 mm. Le ou les aimants d'un deuxième logement peuvent être de la même épaisseur que les aimants d'un autre premier logement, ou en variante d'une épaisseur différente. Logements The permanent magnets may be rectangular in cross section. As a variant, the magnets may be in curvilinear cross-section, for example of ring-shaped shape. The permanent magnets may have a thickness e of between 4 and 20 mm. The magnet or magnets of a second housing may be of the same thickness as the magnets of another first housing, or alternatively of a different thickness. housing
Les logements du rotor peuvent être orientés radialement, sensiblement selon un rayon de la machine, et/ou axialement, perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal de la machine. Ils peuvent être en forme de U ou de V, lorsqu'observés dans un plan de coupe qui contient l'axe de rotation de la machine. Les U ou les V sont orientés vers l'entrefer. Par « U ou V orienté vers l'entrefer », on entend que le U ou le V est ouvert en direction de l'entrefer. Chaque branche latérale d'un U ou d'un V peut contenir un seul aimant permanent. En variante, chaque branche latérale d'un U ou d'un V contient plus d'un aimant permanent, notamment deux aimants formant par exemple chaque branche du U ou du V. Une telle segmentation des aimants peut permettre d'améliorer la circulation du flux dans la masse rotorique et/ou d'introduire des ponts afin de rigidifïer celle-ci.  The housing of the rotor may be oriented radially, substantially along a radius of the machine, and / or axially, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the machine. They can be U-shaped or V-shaped when observed in a cutting plane that contains the axis of rotation of the machine. U or V are oriented towards the gap. By "U or V facing the air gap" means that the U or V is open towards the air gap. Each side branch of a U or a V can contain a single permanent magnet. As a variant, each lateral branch of a U or of a V contains more than one permanent magnet, in particular two magnets forming, for example, each branch of the U or V. Such a segmentation of the magnets can make it possible to improve the circulation of the flow in the rotor mass and / or introduce bridges to stiffen it.
Dans un mode de réalisation, un pôle magnétique du rotor peut être défini par au moins un logement de forme générale cylindrique, cylindrique de révolution, conique ou tronconique.  In one embodiment, a magnetic pole of the rotor may be defined by at least one housing of generally cylindrical, cylindrical, conical or frustoconical shape.
Dans ce cas, le ou les logements peuvent former un angle avec un axe radial du pôle correspondant, par exemple compris entre 0 et 45°, mieux inférieur à 30°.  In this case, the housing or housing may form an angle with a radial axis of the corresponding pole, for example between 0 and 45 °, better than 30 °.
Le logement peut être de forme générale cylindrique.  The housing may be of cylindrical general shape.
Le logement cylindrique peut être, lorsqu'observé dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation de la machine, de forme générale annulaire, notamment circulaire, carrée, triangulaire, rectangulaire, ou de toute autre forme géométrique, ou encore comportant deux fentes convergentes vers l'axe de rotation de la machine.  The cylindrical housing can be, when observed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine, of generally annular shape, in particular circular, square, triangular, rectangular, or of any other geometrical shape, or else having two convergent slots towards the axis of rotation of the machine.
Un pôle magnétique du rotor peut être défini par un logement. En variante, un pôle magnétique du rotor peut être défini par une pluralité de logements cylindriques concentriques les uns aux autres, notamment entre deux et sept logements concentriques, par exemple trois logements concentriques.  A magnetic pole of the rotor can be defined by a housing. Alternatively, a magnetic pole of the rotor can be defined by a plurality of concentric cylindrical housings to each other, in particular between two and seven concentric housings, for example three concentric housings.
Un logement de forme générale cylindrique de révolution peut comporter une partie de fond. Autrement dit, le logement a ainsi une forme générale de pot, la partie de fond pouvant avoir un pourtour de forme générale circulaire, carrée, triangulaire, ou encore rectangulaire.  A generally cylindrical housing of revolution may comprise a bottom portion. In other words, the housing thus has a general shape of pot, the bottom portion may have a generally circular shape, square, triangular, or rectangular.
La machine peut être dépourvue d'aimants disposés en surface de la masse magnétique du rotor. En variante, la machine peut comporter au moins un aimant permanent disposé en surface de la masse magnétique du rotor. La forme du logement en section parallèle à l'axe longitudinal X peut être choisie pour optimiser la forme d'onde de l'induction dans l'entrefer. A titre d'exemple, au moins une extrémité du logement en section parallèle à l'axe longitudinal X peut être de forme rectangulaire, triangulaire ou incurvée. Les deux extrémités sont le cas échéant de forme rectangulaire, triangulaire ou incurvée. The machine may be devoid of magnets disposed on the surface of the magnetic mass of the rotor. Alternatively, the machine may comprise at least one permanent magnet disposed on the surface of the magnetic mass of the rotor. The shape of the housing in section parallel to the longitudinal axis X may be chosen to optimize the waveform of the induction in the gap. For example, at least one end of the housing in section parallel to the longitudinal axis X may be rectangular, triangular or curved. Both ends are optionally rectangular, triangular or curved.
Lorsque l'aimant est inséré dans le logement correspondant, la ou les partie(s) du logement sans aimant à l'une de ses ou à ses extrémités peu(ven)t être en forme de triangle rectangle ou d'arrondi.  When the magnet is inserted into the corresponding housing, the part (s) of the housing without magnet at one of its ends or ends may be in the shape of a right-angled or rounded triangle.
Le rotor peut comporter des aimants permanents insérés dans tout ou partie des logements, par exemple dans au moins la moitié des logements, voire dans plus des deux tiers des logements, voire encore dans tous les logements.  The rotor may comprise permanent magnets inserted in all or part of the dwellings, for example in at least half of the dwellings, or even in more than two thirds of the dwellings, or even in all the dwellings.
Stator  stator
Le stator peut comporter des dents et des bobinages disposés sur les dents. Le stator peut être à bobinage concentré, c'est-à-dire bobiné sur dents, avec chaque bobinage entourant une dent, et chaque dent portant un bobinage. Le bobinage du stator est multiphasé. Le nombre de phases peut être d'au moins 3, étant par exemple égal à 3, ou supérieur à 3, par exemple de 5, 7, 11, 13, ou 17, voire plus encore.  The stator may include teeth and coils disposed on the teeth. The stator may be concentrated winding, that is to say wound on teeth, with each winding surrounding a tooth, and each tooth carrying a winding. The stator winding is multiphase. The number of phases may be at least 3, being for example equal to 3, or greater than 3, for example 5, 7, 11, 13, or 17, or even more.
En variante le stator peut être à bobinage réparti. Lorsque le stator est à bobinage réparti, le nombre de dents et d'encoches par pôle et par phase peut être compris entre 2 et 9 dents, par exemple 3 dents par pôle et par phase.  Alternatively the stator may be distributed winding. When the stator is distributed winding, the number of teeth and notches per pole and per phase can be between 2 and 9 teeth, for example 3 teeth per pole and per phase.
Les conducteurs électriques des bobinages du stator peuvent être disposés dans le bobinage correspondant « en vrac », ou au contraire en étant « rangés ». Les bobinages peuvent être réalisés sous forme d'enroulements répartis, étant par exemple répartis en multi-étages, avec un nombre de couches pair quelconque. Une telle configuration peut être favorable à la réduction des harmoniques d'espace liés à la distribution des bobinages, comme on le pratique souvent dans les machines de topologies classiques.  The electrical conductors of the stator windings can be arranged in the corresponding winding "in bulk", or on the contrary being "stored". The windings can be made in the form of distributed windings, for example being distributed in multi-stages, with any number of layers. Such a configuration may be favorable to the reduction of space harmonics related to the winding distribution, as is often the practice in conventional topology machines.
Les conducteurs électriques des bobinages du stator peuvent être réalisés avec des fils de section transversale circulaire, ou oblongue, le conducteur étant alors appelé « fil méplat ». Les fils utilisés peuvent être isolés à basse tension, étant émaillés voire même émaillés guipés, ou à moyenne tension, étant isolés par du papier de mica par exemple, voire encore à très haute tension, étant par exemple réalisés avec du câble à haute tension. Le refroidissement des bobinages peut être réalisé par le gaz contenu dans la machine, par exemple de l'air, en convection forcée par exemple, ou non, ou en variante par un liquide circulant dans des serpentins inclus de manière appropriée dans les bobinages, voire dans les fils eux-mêmes des bobinages, lesquels peuvent être alors réalisés avec des conducteurs électriques creux. The electrical conductors of the stator windings can be made with son of circular cross section, or oblong, the conductor then being called "flat wire". The son used can be insulated at low voltage, being enamelled or even glazed gimped, or medium voltage, being isolated by mica paper for example, or even at very high voltage, being for example made with high voltage cable. Cooling of the windings can be achieved by the gas contained in the machine, for example air, in forced convection for example, or not, or alternatively by a liquid circulating in coils appropriately included in the windings, or even in the wires themselves windings, which can then be made with hollow electrical conductors.
Le stator peut être dépourvu de culasse, ou en variante il peut comporter une culasse. Le stator peut comporter entre 6 et 48 dents, par exemple 12 dents dans un mode de réalisation. Le stator peut comporter au moins 6 dents, par exemple 6, 12 ou 18 dents, voire plus encore.  The stator may be without breech, or alternatively it may include a breech. The stator may comprise between 6 and 48 teeth, for example 12 teeth in one embodiment. The stator may comprise at least 6 teeth, for example 6, 12 or 18 teeth, or even more.
Les bobinages du stator sont de préférence chacun bobinés autour d'un axe de bobinage parallèle à l'axe de rotation de la machine. Les bobinages peuvent comporter des fils de cuivre ou d'aluminium, ou de tout autre matériau électriquement conducteur.  The stator windings are preferably each wound around a winding axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the machine. The windings may comprise copper or aluminum wires, or any other electrically conductive material.
Les dents du stator peuvent chacune être de forme générale sensiblement prismatique, comportant notamment, en section transversale prise perpendiculairement à l'axe de rotation de la machine, deux portions de cercles concentriques reliés par deux rayons ou en variante deux portions linéaires reliées par deux rayons. La plus grande portion des deux portions linéaires ou partiellement circulaires peut être située vers l'extérieur de la machine. En variante encore, les dents du stator peuvent être de forme autre, étant par exemple rectangulaire. La longueur axiale d'une dent du stator, mesurée selon l'axe de rotation de la machine, peut être supérieure à la longueur axiale d'un bobinage mesurée selon l'axe de rotation de la machine.  The teeth of the stator may each be of substantially prismatic general shape, comprising in particular, in cross section taken perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine, two portions of concentric circles connected by two radii or alternatively two linear portions connected by two radii . The largest portion of the two linear or partially circular portions may be located towards the outside of the machine. In another variant, the teeth of the stator may be of other shape, being for example rectangular. The axial length of a stator tooth, measured along the axis of rotation of the machine, may be greater than the axial length of a winding measured along the axis of rotation of the machine.
Les bobinages du stator peuvent être de forme correspondante. Les dents du stator présentent une face avant faisant face au rotor. Lesdites faces sont de préférence planes et s'étendent perpendiculairement à l'axe de rotation de la machine.  The windings of the stator may be of corresponding shape. The stator teeth have a front face facing the rotor. Said faces are preferably flat and extend perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine.
Les dents du stator peuvent être rattachées à une armature statorique annulaire The stator teeth can be attached to an annular stator reinforcement
Les dents peuvent être réalisées d'un seul tenant avec cette armature statorique annulaire, ou en variante être maintenues dessus par tout moyen tel que par exemple collage, soudage, vissage, assemblage, par exemple par queues d'aronde, cette liste n'étant pas limitative. The teeth can be made in one piece with this annular stator frame, or alternatively be held on by any means such as for example bonding, welding, screwing, assembly, for example by dovetails, this list being not limiting.
Les dents peuvent être formées d'un empilage de tôles, maintenues solidaires entre elles par tout moyen tel que par exemple collage, encliquetage, rivetage et rattachées à l'armature statorique annulaire par exemple par vissage. Les tôles peuvent être empilées selon un axe d'empilement parallèle radial, cet axe d'empilement étant perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation de la machine. Les tôles utilisées dans l'empilement ont une taille qui va en augmentant lorsque l'on s'éloigne de l'axe de rotation de la machine. Le découpage des dents dans l'empilement de tôles peut être conçu de manière à réduire les pertes en matériau. Il est par exemple effectué avec les dents orientées tête-bêche, de manière à éviter les chutes. A coût équivalent, on peut utiliser pour réaliser les dents un matériau magnétique plus coûteux, par exemple de meilleure qualité et plus performant. The teeth may be formed of a stack of sheets, held together by any means such as for example gluing, latching, riveting and attached to the annular stator frame for example by screwing. The sheets can be stacked along a radial parallel stacking axis, this stack axis being perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine. The sheets used in the stack have a size that increases as one moves away from the axis of rotation of the machine. Cutting teeth in the sheet stack can be designed to reduce material losses. It is for example performed with the teeth oriented head to tail, so as to avoid falls. At equivalent cost, it can be used to make the teeth a more expensive magnetic material, for example of better quality and more efficient.
Les dents peuvent également être réalisées dans un matériau isotrope, tel que par exemple des poudres magnétiques agglomérées par frittage ou collage, des matériaux magnétiques amorphes, ou grâce à l'apport de métal selon les procédés dits d'impression 3D.  The teeth may also be made of an isotropic material, such as, for example, magnetic powders agglomerated by sintering or gluing, amorphous magnetic materials, or by the addition of metal according to the so-called 3D printing methods.
L'armature statorique annulaire est de préférence amagnétique. Elle est par exemple réalisée en aluminium. Ainsi, le stator peut être dépourvu de culasse magnétique, ce qui est moins coûteux. En variante, l'armature statorique annulaire n'est pas amagnétique.  The annular stator reinforcement is preferably non-magnetic. It is for example made of aluminum. Thus, the stator may be devoid of magnetic yoke, which is less expensive. In a variant, the annular stator reinforcement is not non-magnetic.
Les bobinages peuvent être bobinés sur un support destiné à être lui-même enfilé sur la dent correspondante. Ce support est de préférence réalisé en matière isolante électrique, par exemple en matière plastique.  The windings can be wound on a support intended to be itself threaded on the corresponding tooth. This support is preferably made of electrical insulating material, for example plastic.
La machine peut comporter un seul stator et un seul rotor.  The machine may comprise a single stator and a single rotor.
En variante, la machine peut comporter au moins deux rotors disposés de part et d'autre du stator le long de l'axe de rotation X de la machine. Les deux rotors entourant le stator peuvent être angulairement décalés l'un par rapport à l'autre, ou non.  Alternatively, the machine may comprise at least two rotors disposed on either side of the stator along the axis of rotation X of the machine. The two rotors surrounding the stator may be angularly offset relative to each other, or not.
Il peut dans un mode de réalisation ne pas y avoir de décalage angulaire entre les deux rotors. Les deux rotors peuvent être symétriques par rapport à un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation de la machine.  It may in one embodiment not be angularly offset between the two rotors. The two rotors may be symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine.
Les dents du stator peuvent porter chacune deux bobinages disposés sur la dent correspondante de part et d'autre de l'armature statorique annulaire, chacun des deux bobinages faisant face à l'un des deux rotors. Les dents du stator peuvent notamment être rattachées par leur milieu à ladite armature statorique annulaire. Les deux demi-dents résultantes peuvent être de même taille, de même que les bobinages qu'elles portent.  The stator teeth may each carry two coils disposed on the corresponding tooth on either side of the annular stator reinforcement, each of the two coils facing one of the two rotors. The teeth of the stator can in particular be attached in their middle to said annular stator reinforcement. The two resulting half-teeth may be of the same size, as well as the windings they carry.
Le stator peut être symétrique par rapport à un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation de la machine. Dans une autre variante de réalisation, la machine peut comporter deux stators et un rotor central. En variante encore, la machine peut comporter plusieurs stators et plusieurs rotors, comme décrit plus loin. The stator may be symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine. In another variant embodiment, the machine may comprise two stators and a central rotor. In another variant, the machine may comprise several stators and several rotors, as described below.
Machine  Machine
La machine peut constituer un moteur synchrone ou une génératrice synchrone, The machine can constitute a synchronous motor or a synchronous generator,
La machine selon l'invention peut constituer un moteur. Dans le cas d'un moteur, le nombre de pôles de la machine peut être d'au moins 4, étant par exemple de 4, 6, 8 ou 12. Un des intérêts d'une telle machine est sa compacité. The machine according to the invention can constitute a motor. In the case of a motor, the number of poles of the machine can be at least 4, being for example 4, 6, 8 or 12. One of the advantages of such a machine is its compactness.
En variante, la machine peut également constituer un générateur. Dans ce cas, elle peut comporter 4 ou 6 pôles par exemple. Dans une variante de réalisation, la machine comporte par exemple 4 pôles et 6 dents.  Alternatively, the machine can also be a generator. In this case, it may have 4 or 6 poles for example. In an alternative embodiment, the machine comprises for example 4 poles and 6 teeth.
La ventilation de la machine peut être forcée, par aspiration d'air dans la machine. Cette aspiration peut se faire par le milieu de la machine, notamment quand elle comporte deux rotors disposés de part et d'autre du stator.  The ventilation of the machine can be forced by suction of air into the machine. This aspiration can be done by the middle of the machine, especially when it comprises two rotors arranged on either side of the stator.
L'invention a encore pour objet une machine électrique tournante comportant plusieurs ensembles tels que décrits plus haut, constitués chacun notamment d'un stator et de deux rotors, disposées sur un axe de rotation commun. Une telle machine comporte par exemple deux ensembles constitués chacun notamment d'un stator et de deux rotors, voire plus encore, par exemple trois ou quatre ensembles, ou même plus, en fonction de la puissance électrique ou mécanique recherchée.  Another subject of the invention is a rotating electrical machine comprising a plurality of assemblies as described above, each consisting in particular of a stator and two rotors disposed on a common axis of rotation. Such a machine comprises for example two assemblies each consisting in particular of a stator and two rotors, or even more, for example three or four sets, or even more, depending on the desired electrical or mechanical power.
L'invention a notamment pour objet une machine comportant trois ensembles selon l'invention, constituées chacun notamment d'un stator et de deux rotors disposés sur un axe de rotation commun, dans laquelle les bobinages des stators sont triphasés, avec une phase par stator.  The invention particularly relates to a machine comprising three assemblies according to the invention, each consisting in particular of a stator and two rotors arranged on a common axis of rotation, in which the windings of the stators are three-phase, with one phase per stator .
Description détaillée  detailed description
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, d'exemples de réalisation non limitatifs de celle-ci, et à l'examen du dessin annexé, sur lequel :  The invention will be better understood on reading the following detailed description, nonlimiting exemplary embodiments thereof, and on examining the appended drawing, in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue en perspective schématique et partielle d'une machine réalisée conformément à l'invention,  FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic and partial perspective view of a machine produced according to the invention,
- la figure 2 en est une vue selon la flèche II, - la figure 3 est une vue de détail, schématique et partielle, selon l'axe de rotation X, du stator de la figure 1 , FIG. 2 is a view along the arrow II, FIG. 3 is a detail view, schematic and partial, along the axis of rotation X, of the stator of FIG. 1;
- la figure 4 est une vue analogue à la figure 2 d'une variante de réalisation, avec un stator à bobinage réparti,  FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of an alternative embodiment, with a distributed winding stator,
- la figure 5 est une vue en perspective, schématique et partielle, du rotor de la figure 1,  FIG. 5 is a schematic and partial perspective view of the rotor of FIG. 1,
- la figure 6 en est une vue en coupe parallèle à l'axe de rotation X, FIG. 6 is a view in section parallel to the axis of rotation X,
- la figure 7 est une vue en en perspective éclatée des aimants d'un pôle du rotor, FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the magnets of a pole of the rotor,
- les figures 8a à 8c sont des vues analogues à la figure 5 de variantes de réalisation,  FIGS. 8a to 8c are views similar to FIG. 5 of variant embodiments,
- la figure 9 est une vue analogue à la figure 6 d'une variante de réalisation, FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 6 of an alternative embodiment;
- les figures 10a, 10b, 11 à 13 sont des vues analogues à la figure 5 de variantes de réalisation, et FIGS. 10a, 10b, 11 to 13 are views similar to FIG. 5 of variant embodiments, and
- la figure 14 est une vue analogue à la figure 6 d'une autre variante de réalisation.  - Figure 14 is a view similar to Figure 6 of another embodiment.
On a illustré aux figures 1 à 3 et 5 à 7 une machine électrique tournante 10 conforme à l'invention, comportant un stator 20 et deux rotors 40, disposés respectivement de part et d'autre du stator 20 le long de l'axe de rotation X de la machine.  FIGS. 1 to 3 and 5 to 7 illustrate a rotary electrical machine 10 according to the invention, comprising a stator 20 and two rotors 40, disposed respectively on either side of the stator 20 along the axis of X rotation of the machine.
Le stator comporte des dents 21 et des bobinages 22 disposés sur les dents 21. The stator has teeth 21 and coils 22 arranged on the teeth 21.
Comme on peut le voir notamment sur la figure 2, les bobinages 22 sont chacun bobinés autour d'un axe de bobinage Y parallèle à l'axe de rotation X de la machine. As can be seen in particular in Figure 2, the coils 22 are each wound around a winding axis Y parallel to the axis of rotation X of the machine.
Les dents 21 du stator 20 comportent chacune une face 23 faisant face à l'un des deux rotors 40. Les faces 23 sont planes et s'étendent perpendiculairement à l'axe de rotation X de la machine. Le stator comporte dans l'exemple décrit 12 dents, mais pourrait en comporter 6 ou 8, voire plus encore. Le stator est symétrique par rapport à un plan médian pour le stator, perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation X de la machine. Le stator 20 est dépourvu de culasse.  The teeth 21 of the stator 20 each comprise a face 23 facing one of the two rotors 40. The faces 23 are flat and extend perpendicular to the axis of rotation X of the machine. The stator comprises in the example described 12 teeth, but could include 6 or 8, or even more. The stator is symmetrical with respect to a median plane for the stator, perpendicular to the axis of rotation X of the machine. The stator 20 is devoid of a cylinder head.
Les dents 21 sont configurées de telle manière qu'elles dépassent des bobinages d'une distance d. Les dents 21 sont délimitées lorsqu Observées selon l'axe X par deux portions 21a et 21b reliées par deux rayons 21c, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 3. Les bobinages 22 sont de forme correspondante. The teeth 21 are configured such that they exceed windings of a distance d. The teeth 21 are delimited when observed along the X axis by two portions 21a and 21b connected by two spokes 21c, as can be seen in Figure 3. The coils 22 are of corresponding shape.
Dans l'exemple qui vient d'être décrit, le stator est à bobinage concentré. On ne sort pas du cadre de la présente invention s'il en est autrement. Le stator peut par exemple être à bobinage réparti, comme illustré sur la figure 4. Dans cet exemple de réalisation, le nombre de dents et d'encoches par pôle et par phase est de 3.  In the example just described, the stator is concentrated winding. It is not beyond the scope of the present invention if it is otherwise. The stator may for example be distributed winding, as shown in Figure 4. In this embodiment, the number of teeth and notches per pole and per phase is 3.
Les deux rotors entourant le stator sont dans l'exemple décrit disposés face à face, étant non décalés angulairement l'un par rapport à l'autre. Les rotors pourraient aussi être angulairement décalés l'un par rapport à l'autre, notamment afin de minimiser les ondulations de couple.  The two rotors surrounding the stator are in the described example arranged face to face, being non-angularly offset relative to each other. The rotors could also be angularly offset relative to each other, in particular to minimize torque ripples.
Chacun des deux rotors 40 comporte une masse magnétique rotorique 41 comportant des logements 42, pouvant recevoir des éventuels aimants permanents 43, et un arbre50 s'étendant selon l'axe de rotation X, sur lequel est disposée la masse rotorique 41, comme illustré sur la figure 1.  Each of the two rotors 40 comprises a rotor magnetic mass 41 comprising housings 42, able to receive any permanent magnets 43, and a shaft 50 extending along the axis of rotation X, on which the rotor mass 41 is arranged, as illustrated in FIG. Figure 1.
Des logements 42 d'un rotor définissent un pôle magnétique du rotor. Comme illustré sur les figures 5 à 7, un pôle magnétique du rotor est défini par des logements de forme générale cylindrique de révolution, en particulier trois logements cylindriques concentriques les uns aux autres. Chaque logement comporte une partie cylindrique 42a et une partie de fond discoïde 42b. Autrement dit, le logement a ainsi une forme générale de pot. Dans ce cas, la masse magnétique 41 du rotor peut comporter des parties magnétiques 41 ' non solidaires avec le reste de la masse magnétique, qui sont disposées entre les différents logements d'un même pôle.  Housing 42 of a rotor defines a magnetic pole of the rotor. As illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 7, a magnetic pole of the rotor is defined by housings of generally cylindrical shape of revolution, in particular three cylindrical housings concentric with each other. Each housing has a cylindrical portion 42a and a disc bottom portion 42b. In other words, the housing thus has a general shape of pot. In this case, the magnetic mass 41 of the rotor may comprise magnetic portions 41 'not integral with the rest of the magnetic mass, which are arranged between the different housings of the same pole.
Un logement s'étant ainsi sur une longueur L mesurée le long de l'axe de rotation de la machine, et peut avoir une épaisseur e.  A housing thus having a length L measured along the axis of rotation of the machine, and may have a thickness e.
Dans l'exemple décrit, tous les logements 42 sont remplis par des aimants permanents 43, comme illustré. Les aimants permanents d'un pôle magnétique du rotor comporte une partie tubulaire 43a logée dans la partie cylindrique 42a d'un logement 42, et une partie discoïde 43b logée dans la partie de fond discoïde 42b du logement 42.  In the example described, all the housings 42 are filled with permanent magnets 43, as illustrated. The permanent magnets of a magnetic pole of the rotor comprises a tubular portion 43a housed in the cylindrical portion 42a of a housing 42, and a discoid portion 43b housed in the discoid bottom portion 42b of the housing 42.
Chacun des rotors 40 comporte en outre une culasse 45 du côté opposé à l'entrefer. Dans l'exemple qui vient d'être décrit, les logements sont, lorsqu'observés dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation de la machine, de forme générale circulaire. On ne sort pas du cadre de la présente invention s'il en est autrement. Each of the rotors 40 further includes a yoke 45 on the side opposite the gap. In the example which has just been described, the housings are, when observed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine, of generally circular shape. It is not beyond the scope of the present invention if it is otherwise.
Les logements peuvent être par exemple, lorsqu'observés dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation de la machine, de forme générale autre, par exemple carrée, comme illustré sur la figure 8a, triangulaire, comme illustré sur la figure 8b, ou encore comportant deux fentes convergentes vers l'axe de rotation de la machine, comme illustré sur la figure 8c. On voit sur la figure 8c que les logements sont en forme de U, lorsqu'observés perpendiculairement à l'axe de rotation de la machine. Les U sont orientés vers l'entrefer.  The housings can be for example, when observed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine, of other general shape, for example square, as shown in Figure 8a, triangular, as shown in Figure 8b, or still having two slots converging towards the axis of rotation of the machine, as shown in Figure 8c. It can be seen in FIG. 8c that the housings are U-shaped when observed perpendicularly to the axis of rotation of the machine. The U are oriented towards the gap.
En variante encore, les logements peuvent être en forme de V, lorsqu'observés dans un plan de coupe qui contient l'axe de rotation X, comme illustré sur la figure 9. Les V sont également orientés vers l'entrefer.  In another variant, the housings can be V-shaped, when observed in a section plane which contains the axis of rotation X, as shown in Figure 9. The V are also oriented towards the air gap.
Dans tous les exemples qui viennent d'être décrits, les logements 42 sont remplis par des aimants permanents 43. On ne sort pas du cadre de la présente invention si les logements sont dépourvus d'aimants permanents. A titre d'exemple, on a illustré à la figure 10a un tel exemple de réalisation dans lequel tous les logements 42 sont vides d'aimants, et à la figure 10b un exemple de réalisation dans lequel le rotor comporte un premier pôle magnétique et un deuxième pôle magnétique adjacent au premier pôle magnétique, les premier et deuxième pôles magnétiques étant de polarité différente, des logements propres au premier pôle magnétique étant dépourvus d'aimants permanents et des logements propres au deuxième pôle magnétique comportant un ou plusieurs aimants permanents.  In all the examples which have just been described, the housings 42 are filled with permanent magnets 43. It is not beyond the scope of the present invention if the housings are devoid of permanent magnets. By way of example, FIG. 10a illustrates such an exemplary embodiment in which all the housings 42 are empty of magnets, and in FIG. 10b an exemplary embodiment in which the rotor comprises a first magnetic pole and a second magnetic pole adjacent to the first magnetic pole, the first and second magnetic poles being of different polarity, the specific housings of the first magnetic pole being devoid of permanent magnets and housings of the second magnetic pole having one or more permanent magnets.
Dans tous les exemples qui viennent d'être décrits, les logements 42 sont ouverts vers l'entrefer. On ne sort pas du cadre de la présente invention s'il en est autrement, et si les logements sont fermés du côté de l'entrefer par une portion magnétique de recouvrement 46, laquelle peut être formée d'un seul tenant avec le reste de la masse magnétique rotorique, comme illustré sur la figure 11 , ou rapportée sur celle-ci, comme illustré sur la figure 12, et maintenue par exemple par collage. La portion magnétique de recouvrement 46 peut être réalisée dans un même matériau que la masse magnétique rotorique, ou dans un matériau différent. Cette portion magnétique de recouvrement constitue alors un pont tangentiel au niveau de l'entrefer pour la circulation du flux magnétique. In all the examples that have just been described, the housings 42 are open towards the gap. It is not beyond the scope of the present invention if it is otherwise, and if the housings are closed on the air gap side by a magnetic overlap portion 46, which can be formed in one piece with the rest of the rotor magnetic mass, as illustrated in Figure 11, or reported thereon, as shown in Figure 12, and maintained for example by gluing. The magnetic covering portion 46 may be made of the same material as the rotor magnetic mass, or in a different material. This magnetic portion of recovery then constitutes a tangential bridge at the gap for the circulation of the magnetic flux.
Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 13, on a illustré la possibilité de réaliser la culasse 45 du rotor non pas d'un seul tenant avec la masse magnétique 41, mais rapportée sur celle-ci, par exemple par collage. Une telle configuration permet d'accéder aux logements 42 depuis l'extérieur, pour y insérer les aimants 43 de manière aisée, depuis la face extérieure du rotor.  In the embodiment of Figure 13, there is illustrated the possibility of making the yoke 45 of the rotor not in one piece with the magnetic mass 41, but reported thereon, for example by gluing. Such a configuration allows access to the housing 42 from the outside, to insert the magnets 43 easily from the outer face of the rotor.
Enfin, on a illustré à la figure 14 la possibilité d'insérer dans les logements 42 des cales 48, qui peuvent permettre de maintenir ou séparer les aimants permanents par exemple. Ces cales peuvent être elles-mêmes amagnétiques.  Finally, there is illustrated in Figure 14 the possibility of inserting in the housing 42 wedges 48, which may allow to maintain or separate the permanent magnets for example. These wedges may themselves be non-magnetic.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples de réalisation qui viennent d'être décrits.  Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments which have just been described.
On peut notamment multiplier le nombre de stators ou de rotors.  We can multiply the number of stators or rotors.
L'expression « comportant un » doit être comprise comme étant synonyme de « comprenant au moins un ».  The phrase "with one" should be understood as synonymous with "comprising at least one".

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Machine électrique tournante (10) à flux axial, comportant au moins un stator (20) et au moins un rotor (40), disposés le long d'un axe de rotation (X) de la machine, le rotor (40) comportant une masse rotorique (41) et des logements (42) ménagés dans la masse rotorique, les logements définissant des pôles magnétiques du rotor, lesdits logements pouvant contenir ou non chacun au moins un aimant permanent (43), machine dans laquelle un pôle magnétique du rotor (40) est défini par au moins un logement (42) de forme générale cylindrique, cylindrique de révolution, conique ou tronconique. 1. An axial flow rotary electric machine (10) comprising at least one stator (20) and at least one rotor (40) arranged along an axis of rotation (X) of the machine, the rotor (40) comprising a rotor mass (41) and housings (42) formed in the rotor mass, the housings defining magnetic poles of the rotor, said housings possibly each containing at least one permanent magnet (43), machine in which a magnetic pole rotor (40) is defined by at least one housing (42) of cylindrical general shape, cylindrical in revolution, conical or frustoconical.
2. Machine selon la revendication précédente, étant dépourvue d'aimants permanents.  2. Machine according to the preceding claim, being devoid of permanent magnets.
3. Machine selon la revendication 1, le rotor (40) comportant des logements dépourvus d'aimants permanents et d'autres comportant un ou plusieurs aimants permanents (43).  3. Machine according to claim 1, the rotor (40) having housings devoid of permanent magnets and others comprising one or more permanent magnets (43).
4. Machine selon la revendication précédente, dans laquelle le rotor comporte un premier pôle magnétique et un deuxième pôle magnétique adjacent au premier pôle magnétique, les premier et deuxième pôles magnétiques étant de polarité différente, des logements propres au premier pôle magnétique étant dépourvus d'aimants permanents et des logements propres au deuxième pôle magnétique comportant un ou plusieurs aimants permanents (43).  4. Machine according to the preceding claim, wherein the rotor comprises a first magnetic pole and a second magnetic pole adjacent to the first magnetic pole, the first and second magnetic poles being of different polarity, the specific housings of the first magnetic pole being devoid of permanent magnets and housings of the second magnetic pole having one or more permanent magnets (43).
5. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le logement (42) cylindrique est, lorsqu' observé dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation de la machine, de forme générale annulaire, notamment circulaire, carrée, triangulaire, rectangulaire ou encore comportant deux fentes convergentes vers l'axe de rotation de la machine.  5. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the housing (42) cylindrical is, when observed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine, of generally annular shape, in particular circular, square, triangular , rectangular or with two slots converging towards the axis of rotation of the machine.
6. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, un pôle magnétique du rotor (40) étant défini par un logement ou une pluralité de logements (42) cylindriques concentriques les uns aux autres, notamment entre deux et sept logements concentriques. 6. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, a magnetic pole of the rotor (40) being defined by a housing or a plurality of cylindrical housings (42) concentric to each other, in particular between two and seven concentric housings.
7. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle un logement (42) de forme générale cylindrique de révolution comporte une partie de fond (42b). 7. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a housing (42) of cylindrical general shape of revolution comprises a bottom portion (42b).
8. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le stator (20) comportant des dents (21) et des bobinages disposés sur les dents.  8. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, the stator (20) having teeth (21) and coils disposed on the teeth.
9. Machine électrique tournante selon la revendication précédente, dans laquelle les dents (21) du stator (20) sont chacune de forme générale sensiblement prismatique, comportant notamment, en section transversale prise perpendiculairement à l'axe de rotation de la machine, deux portions (21a, 21b) de cercles concentriques reliés par deux rayons (21c) ou en variante deux portions linéaires reliées par deux rayons.  9. rotary electric machine according to the preceding claim, wherein the teeth (21) of the stator (20) are each substantially prismatic general shape, comprising in particular, in cross section taken perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine, two portions. (21a, 21b) concentric circles connected by two spokes (21c) or alternatively two linear portions connected by two radii.
10. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant au moins deux rotors (40) disposés de part et d'autre du stator (20) le long de l'axe de rotation (X) de la machine.  10. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least two rotors (40) disposed on either side of the stator (20) along the axis of rotation (X) of the machine.
11. Machine selon les deux revendications précédentes, les dents du stator portant chacune deux bobinages (22) disposés sur la dent correspondante de part et d'autre de l'armature statorique annulaire (24), chacun des deux bobinages faisant face à l'un des deux rotors (40).  11. Machine according to the two preceding claims, the stator teeth each carrying two coils (22) disposed on the corresponding tooth on either side of the annular stator reinforcement (24), each of the two windings facing the one of the two rotors (40).
12. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, constituant un moteur.  12. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, constituting a motor.
13. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, constituant un générateur.  13. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 11, constituting a generator.
EP18704026.6A 2017-02-24 2018-02-14 Axial flow rotating electric machine Pending EP3586426A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1751473A FR3063400B1 (en) 2017-02-24 2017-02-24 ELECTRICAL ROTATING MACHINE WITH AXIAL FLOW
PCT/EP2018/053635 WO2018153738A1 (en) 2017-02-24 2018-02-14 Axial flow rotating electric machine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3586426A1 true EP3586426A1 (en) 2020-01-01

Family

ID=59153013

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18704026.6A Pending EP3586426A1 (en) 2017-02-24 2018-02-14 Axial flow rotating electric machine

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US11569717B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3586426A1 (en)
CN (1) CN110337769A (en)
FR (1) FR3063400B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2018153738A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10892654B2 (en) * 2018-11-09 2021-01-12 Shenzhen Shanxiang Intelligent Technology Enterprise Axial magnetic field motor with grain-oriented silicon steel sheets
SG11202110057WA (en) * 2019-05-14 2021-10-28 Halliburton Energy Services Inc Generator design with varying gap
CN110417217A (en) * 2019-07-30 2019-11-05 江苏云意电气股份有限公司 A kind of multiphase fault-tolerant type motor in axial magnetic field
DE102019216844A1 (en) * 2019-10-31 2021-05-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Axial flux machine for an electrical processing device and electrical processing device with an axial flux machine
CN112311179B (en) * 2020-10-20 2024-08-02 湖南工程学院 Axial magnetic field hybrid excitation brushless motor
CN112737255B (en) * 2020-12-25 2022-04-05 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 Disc type double-rotor counter-rotating motor and aircraft
DE102022101633B4 (en) 2022-01-25 2024-09-05 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Rotor for an axial flow machine and axial flow machine for a motor vehicle

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1276213A1 (en) * 2001-07-13 2003-01-15 Moteurs Leroy Somer Disc-shaped machine
US20070080598A1 (en) * 2005-10-05 2007-04-12 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Electric rotary machine
FR2895844A1 (en) * 2006-01-03 2007-07-06 Leroy Somer Moteurs Radial or disk shaped rotating electrical machine, has pole piece associated with permanent magnets to concentrate magnetic flux of magnets, where magnets define three different magnetization directions
EP2096735A1 (en) * 2006-12-06 2009-09-02 Honda Motor Co., Ltd Axial gap motor
WO2009153511A2 (en) * 2008-06-16 2009-12-23 Moteurs Leroy-Somer Permanent magnet rotor, and rotating machine comprising such a rotor
EP2190108A1 (en) * 2007-09-11 2010-05-26 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Axial-gap rotary electric machine and rotary drive
CN202997733U (en) * 2012-12-27 2013-06-12 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 Disc type motor
US20140054998A1 (en) * 2012-08-21 2014-02-27 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Rotor and electric motor including the same
CN103904796B (en) * 2012-12-27 2015-10-21 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 Disc type electric machine
DE102016207943A1 (en) * 2016-05-09 2017-11-09 Brose Fahrzeugteile GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Würzburg Motor and / or generator device

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IL116631A0 (en) 1995-03-21 1996-03-31 Kenetech Windpower Inc Doubly-salient permanent-magnet machine
US7514833B2 (en) * 2004-09-03 2009-04-07 Ut-Battelle Llc Axial gap permanent-magnet machine with reluctance poles and PM element covers
EP1994269B1 (en) * 2006-02-27 2009-08-26 Hispano Suiza Integration of a starter/generator module in a gas turbine transmission housing
EP2014880A1 (en) 2007-07-09 2009-01-14 Universiteit Gent An improved combined heat power system
GB0821815D0 (en) 2008-11-28 2009-01-07 Cummins Generator Technologies Rotating electrical machine
JP5576246B2 (en) * 2010-01-06 2014-08-20 株式会社神戸製鋼所 Axial gap type brushless motor
JP5460566B2 (en) 2010-12-13 2014-04-02 株式会社日立製作所 Axial gap type rotating electrical machine
US20130049512A1 (en) 2011-08-26 2013-02-28 Undustry-Academic Cooperation Foundation Of Kyungnam University Axial flux permanent magnet synchronous generator and motor
KR20150127806A (en) 2012-04-30 2015-11-18 삼성전기주식회사 Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor
CN202721589U (en) * 2012-06-15 2013-02-06 山东大学 Hybrid excitation axial magnetic field disc type switched reluctance motor
KR20140021912A (en) 2012-08-13 2014-02-21 삼성전기주식회사 Axial flux permanent magnet motor
CN105305748B (en) 2012-12-31 2017-11-07 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 Magneto
KR101440431B1 (en) 2013-03-28 2014-09-17 현대모비스(주) axial flux permanent magnet motor
CN105191069B (en) * 2013-04-01 2017-09-05 富士电机株式会社 Permanent magnet embedded rotating electrical machine
WO2015039220A1 (en) * 2013-09-20 2015-03-26 Tim Lambert A switched reluctance motor with multiple pole sets and robust behaviour under rotor displacement
CN103701236B (en) * 2013-12-20 2016-08-17 杭州易泰达科技有限公司 A kind of outer rotor synchronous magnetic resistance motor rotor
CN203747526U (en) * 2013-12-20 2014-07-30 杭州易泰达科技有限公司 External rotor synchronous magnetic resistance motor rotor
US10554082B2 (en) * 2015-04-17 2020-02-04 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Axial gap type rotating machine

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1276213A1 (en) * 2001-07-13 2003-01-15 Moteurs Leroy Somer Disc-shaped machine
US20070080598A1 (en) * 2005-10-05 2007-04-12 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Electric rotary machine
FR2895844A1 (en) * 2006-01-03 2007-07-06 Leroy Somer Moteurs Radial or disk shaped rotating electrical machine, has pole piece associated with permanent magnets to concentrate magnetic flux of magnets, where magnets define three different magnetization directions
EP2096735A1 (en) * 2006-12-06 2009-09-02 Honda Motor Co., Ltd Axial gap motor
EP2190108A1 (en) * 2007-09-11 2010-05-26 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Axial-gap rotary electric machine and rotary drive
WO2009153511A2 (en) * 2008-06-16 2009-12-23 Moteurs Leroy-Somer Permanent magnet rotor, and rotating machine comprising such a rotor
US20140054998A1 (en) * 2012-08-21 2014-02-27 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Rotor and electric motor including the same
CN202997733U (en) * 2012-12-27 2013-06-12 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 Disc type motor
CN103904796B (en) * 2012-12-27 2015-10-21 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 Disc type electric machine
DE102016207943A1 (en) * 2016-05-09 2017-11-09 Brose Fahrzeugteile GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Würzburg Motor and / or generator device

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO2018153738A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN110337769A (en) 2019-10-15
WO2018153738A1 (en) 2018-08-30
US20190386549A1 (en) 2019-12-19
FR3063400A1 (en) 2018-08-31
FR3063400B1 (en) 2021-11-19
US11569717B2 (en) 2023-01-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2018153738A1 (en) Axial flow rotating electric machine
EP3130059A2 (en) Rotor for a rotary electric machine
EP3130061B1 (en) Stator for a rotary electric machine
EP1599930A2 (en) Rotary electric machine comprising a stator and two rotors
CA2482125C (en) Transverse flow electric machine with a toothed rotor
EP2999102A2 (en) Rotary electrical machine comprising at least one stator and at least two rotors
EP2880742A1 (en) Optimized electric motor with narrow teeth
EP3130060A2 (en) Rotor for a rotary electric machine
EP3210285A1 (en) Polyphase motor having an alternation of permanent magnets and salient poles
EP2817868A1 (en) Rotor of a rotating machine with flux concentration
FR2941105A1 (en) ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE, ESPECIALLY FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE STARTER
EP3229348B1 (en) Rotor for an electrical machine
EP2433349A1 (en) Vernier machine with inserted magnets
EP1251023A1 (en) Electrical machine with external rotor
WO2013072892A2 (en) Rotor of a rotary electric machine with a permanent magnet type
WO2021123612A1 (en) Rotor for a rotating electrical machine
EP2541735B1 (en) Rotor of a multipolar synchronous electric machine with salient poles
EP4113796A1 (en) Rotating electrical machine
EP4038723A1 (en) Rotor for a rotating electrical machine
WO2013072890A2 (en) Rotor of a rotary electric machine with flux concentration
EP3785349A1 (en) Rotor for a rotating electrical machine
WO2008026032A1 (en) Electric machine with stator equipped with remote-controlled claws and windings
EP2529471A1 (en) Rotor having permanent magnets

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20190924

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20210409

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS