EP2433349A1 - Vernier machine with inserted magnets - Google Patents

Vernier machine with inserted magnets

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Publication number
EP2433349A1
EP2433349A1 EP10728776A EP10728776A EP2433349A1 EP 2433349 A1 EP2433349 A1 EP 2433349A1 EP 10728776 A EP10728776 A EP 10728776A EP 10728776 A EP10728776 A EP 10728776A EP 2433349 A1 EP2433349 A1 EP 2433349A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
stator
vernier
pads
magnets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10728776A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Julien Jac
Nicolas Philippe Ziegler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Erneo SAS
Original Assignee
Erneo SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Erneo SAS filed Critical Erneo SAS
Publication of EP2433349A1 publication Critical patent/EP2433349A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H02K21/16—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a Vernier electrodynamic machine with magnets.
  • the field of the invention is more particularly but not limited to that of electric motors with high mass torque for direct drive applications without mechanical gearbox.
  • Vernier machines derive synchronous machines with variable reluctance. Their particularity lies in the fact that the pitch of the stator teeth is slightly different from that of the rotor teeth, so that only a portion of these teeth are aligned simultaneously.
  • the stator includes electrical windings, generally distributed in the notches separating the dots, which generate a rotating magnetic field.
  • the rotor is made of a magnetic material and simply has a number of teeth facing those of the stator.
  • the specificity of Vernier machines lies in the fact that the rotational speed of the rotor is lower than that of the magnetic field created by the electric windings of the stator.
  • the reduction ratio depends in part on the number of rotor teeth.
  • the mechanical torque is also increased.
  • Vernier machines usually include magnetic flux generators based on permanent magnets on the rotor. The nature of the electromagnetic coupling is then "hybrid" in the sense that it arises from interactions between the field produced by the currents and the field produced by the magnets.
  • a magnet is inserted in the center of the rotor, and oriented parallel to the axis of rotation.
  • the rotor is terminated at both ends by two tooth crowns, offset so that a tooth on one side of the rotor is in the groove of a notch on the opposite side.
  • This configuration which is relatively simple and common in stepper motors, is nevertheless not very favorable for obtaining high mass torques due to the rapid saturation of the circuit. magnetic.
  • This saturation stems from the fact that, on the one hand, the air gap must be very small in order to accentuate the magnetic effect caused by the shifting of the teeth, and on the other hand, the magnetic flux presents a homopolar component. important that does not produce a couple. Consequently, this configuration causes troublesome congestion.
  • Vernier machines for applications requiring high mass torques are most of the time built according to multipole hybrid configurations, with magnets arranged radially around the rotor, on a yoke made of magnetic material.
  • Document FR 2 560 461 to Pouillange et al. in which the authors describe various configurations of hybrid Vernier multipolar machines.
  • the common point of these config urations is that the rotor comprises a continuous ring of magnetic induction generators placed next to each other, to generate magnetic flux perpendicular to the air gap.
  • These generators can be either pairs of magnets placed next to each other, alternately with the north and south poles facing the air gap, either open windings on the air gap, or even magnets or windings arranged by face-to-face pairs so as to generate symmetrical perpendicular magnetic fluxes.
  • the configurations described in DE FR 2 560 461, and in particular those based on pairs of permanent magnets whose poles face the air gap, have the important advantage of allowing the production of very thin annular rotors. . It is thus possible to perform motors with high torque, low inertia and especially a small footprint that find applications for example in traction (motors integrated with a wheel), robotics and aeronautics.
  • the magnets are all oriented in the same direction.
  • the periodicity of the induction in the gap is however preserved by the presence of the magnetic studs.
  • simply replacing half of the magnets of a magnet Vernier machine with magnetic studs does not produce optimum performance.
  • the present invention has the aim of optimizing the performance of Vernier machines with variable reluctance and inserted magnets.
  • Vernier electrodynamic machine comprising:
  • At least one stator and at least one rotor at least partially made of magnetic material, separated by an air gap, and able to move relative to one another along an axis of displacement
  • stator comprising teeth separated by notches opening on the air gap, which teeth forming a periodic pattern of pitch Ps substantially constant along said axis of displacement, the stator comprising electric windings arranged in said notches, which coils are fed so as to generate in the gap a magnetic field with p pairs of poles sliding along said axis of displacement, which rotor comprises pads of average width Lp separated by notches opening on the gap, which pads forming a periodic pattern of pitch Pr substantially constant along said axis of movement, Pr being different from Ps,
  • Which rotor comprises magnets arranged in said notches, which magnets all having a magnetization direction substantially perpendicular to the air gap and all having the same magnetic pole on the air gap side,
  • the average width Lp of the rotor studs may also be greater than 0.2 times the pitch Pr of said studs, which average width Lp is calculated over the height of the stud.
  • the steps Ps and Pr can be chosen such that an integer Ns of stator teeth covers substantially the same distance along the axis of displacement as an integer Nr of rotor studs, and that the relation:
  • p be satisfied.
  • Ns and Nr can be chosen such that Ns is greater than Nr (Ns> Nr).
  • the height Hp of the rotor studs may be substantially less than the height Ha of the magnets arranged in the notches;
  • the rotor pads may be substantially trapezoidal shape, the top of said pad being substantially narrower than its base;
  • the studs of the rotor may be of substantially trapezoidal shape, the top of said stud being substantially wider than its base, and the magnets may be of substantially trapezoidal shape, and retained mechanically in the notches by a dovetail assembly mode;
  • the studs of the rotor may be of any other shape than rectangular or trapezoidal; -
  • the rotor pads may be of a height Hp substantially less than the height Ha of the magnets, and further be of trapezoidal shape or any other form.
  • a Vernier electrodynamic machine can be shaped in such a way that: the stator and the rotor are of cylindrical symmetry,
  • the rotor rotates on its axis inside the stator
  • the stator comprises Ns teeth on its inner face and the rotor comprises Nr pads on its outer face.
  • a Vernier electrodynamic machine may also be shaped such that:
  • stator and the rotor are of cylindrical symmetry
  • the rotor rotates on its axis outside the stator
  • the stator comprises Ns teeth on its outer face and the rotor comprises Nr pads on its inner face.
  • a Vernier electrodynamic machine according to the invention may also be shaped such that the rotor is substantially disk-shaped, and rotates on its axis facing the stator.
  • a Vernier electrodynamic machine according to the invention may finally be shaped such that the rotor moves linearly along the stator.
  • the electrical windings of the stator may be of the type distributed at a diametral pitch
  • the electrical windings of the stator may be of the type distributed at short pitch
  • the electrical windings of the stator may be toothed, in which case the turns of these windings are arranged around the teeth of the stator;
  • the electric windings of the stator can be powered by a system of polyphase voltages; the electric windings of the stator can be powered by a system of three-phase voltages;
  • the ratio s between the width Ls of the stator teeth at the gap and their pitch Ps can be chosen between 0.3 and 0.5. This makes it possible to further favor the effect of variable reluctance
  • the stator teeth may have an isthmus at their end in the air gap
  • each tooth of the stator may consist of a group of small teeth substantially equidistant, the width of said group being equal to Ls, which width Ls being defined as in the case of teeth in one piece;
  • each stud of the rotor may consist of a group of small pads substantially equidistant, the width of said group being equal to Lr, which width Lr is defined as in the case of the pads in one piece.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a sectional view of a Vernier machine of the prior art with pairs of magnets of alternating polarity to the rotor
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a sectional view of a Vernier machine of the prior art; , in which one of two magnets of the rotor has been replaced by a stud,
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a sectional view of the distribution of the magnets and the rotor studs of a Vernier machine according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a sectional view of the structure of a machine.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a sectional view of a variant of a vernier machine according to the invention, in which the height of the magnets is substantially greater than the height of the rotor studs;
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a variant of FIG. a vernier machine according to the invention, in which the magnets are mechanically retained on the rotor by a dovetail system,
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the saturation phenomenon at the base of the rotor studs of a Vernier machine according to the invention
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a variant of a Vernier machine according to the invention, in which the geometry of the rotor teeth is adapted to limit saturation
  • FIG. 9 illustrates variants of a Vernier machine according to the invention, in which the shape of the magnets is substantially different from that of the notches.
  • FIG. 1 shows the arrangements implemented in Vernier machines of the prior art.
  • these machines comprise: a stator 1 provided with teeth 2 made of magnetic material separated by notches 3. The distance interval between two teeth, or stator pitch, is denoted Ps;
  • a rotor 4 consisting of a yoke on which are fixed pairs of magnets 5 and 6.
  • the magnets are all substantially the same width but the alternating polarity.
  • the width of a pair of magnets, or not rotor, is noted Pr.
  • the rotor is separated from the stator by an air gap 10 of substantially constant thickness during displacement.
  • the inserted magnet Vernier machine retains an inserted magnet structure, with a rotor comprising a alternation of magnets and pads.
  • the structure of the rotor is optimized so as to improve the performances in terms of mechanical torque in particular.
  • the width of the magnets La is assimilated to the width of the notches in which they are inserted. The description however remains valid in the case where the magnet is of width substantially less than the notch in which it is inserted, because its magnetic permeability is close to that of air.
  • the Vernier machine according to the invention is made in the form of a rotating machine, of cylindrical shape.
  • Figure 4 shows a sectional view, at any position along the rotor, of such a machine. Only a quarter of the cup is represented.
  • This machine Vernier comprises a stator 1 cylindrical, with Ns teeth
  • the stator supports an electric winding 11 with m phases with diametrical pitch, distributed in the notches 3 between the teeth, and which generates in the gap 10 a magnetic field rotating p pairs of poles.
  • Winding 11 is shown in FIG. 4 only in a few notches for the sake of clarity of the drawing.
  • the teeth 2 are recessed and thus terminate in isthmus 12. This maximizes the space for the windings without significantly affecting either the reluctance or the width Ls of these teeth 2 at the gap.
  • the rotor 4 also of cylindrical shape, comprises Nr pads on its outer face. Nr magnets 5 are inserted and glued into the notches separating the pads of the rotor. They all have a radial magnetization oriented in the same direction relative to the air gap 10 (with for example the north pole of all the magnets facing the gap, or in an equivalent manner, the south pole of all magnets facing at the air gap).
  • the studs 7 and the magnets 5 of the rotor are substantially of the same length as the teeth 2 of the stator.
  • the stator and the rotor are made in assemblies of magnetic sheets.
  • Vernier machines with magnets the interaction of magnetic fields at the origin of a large part of the mechanical torque is of dental origin.
  • the Vernier effect is realized by a progressive shift of the magnets with respect to the teeth and it is characterized by the general relation:
  • stator winding of distributed type with diametrical pitch or shortened, or with tooth pitch
  • Ns 2 x m x Ne x p, where Ne is the number of notches 3 per pole and per phase.
  • Nr / p 2 ⁇ m ⁇ Ne ⁇ 1.
  • Vernier machines with magnets are characterized by a difference in rotational speed between the rotor and the fundamental magnetic field gap.
  • ⁇ s the rotational speed of the magnetic field
  • ⁇ r the rotational speed of the rotor
  • This rotor flow ⁇ a is the flux generated by the magnets within the magnetic circuit. It is obtained by integrating the rotor induction Ba ( ⁇ ) on a winding pole, ⁇ being the angular position in the rotating machine: ⁇ a ⁇ ⁇ Ba> x Spole,
  • ⁇ Ba> being the average value of Ba ( ⁇ ) on a winding pole and Spole being the area of the pole.
  • the rotor induction Ba ( ⁇ ) depends on the magnetic potential of the magnets Va ( ⁇ ) and the permeance density of the magnetic circuit Pm ( ⁇ ):
  • the permeance density of the magnetic circuit can be approximated by the following function:
  • the magnets are wider than the studs (t ⁇ 0.5).
  • This arrangement makes it possible to promote the appearance of an additional pair of harmonics in the magnetic potential Va ( ⁇ ), which can then be approximated by the following function:
  • the rotor flux at the origin of the mechanical torque in a Vernier machine with inserted magnets can be decomposed into a part of dental origin and a part of polar origin, ie ⁇ a ⁇ ( ⁇ d + ⁇ d ') ⁇ ⁇ p, where ⁇ d is the term of flow of dental origin bonded to B1, ⁇ d 'is the term of flow of additional dental origin bonded to B1' obtained in the device according to the invention, and ⁇ p is the term of flux of polar origin linked to Bkv.
  • dental and polar origin streams are additive or subtractive:
  • Ns> Nr is chosen, for which the torque components are additive, and therefore the highest resultant torque.
  • the mechanical torque then becomes for t ⁇ 0.5:
  • the pair of Vernier machines with magnets inserted according to the invention therefore results from the combination of a hybrid pair of dental origin and a hybrid pair of polar origin.
  • the hybrid pair of dental origin is directly related to the fundamental spatial component of the rotor induction, which comes from:
  • this component is all the more important that t, less than 0.5, becomes smaller, and therefore the width of the magnets 5 of the rotor 4 becomes greater than the width of the pads 7.
  • the hybrid pair of polar origin is directly related to the harmonic spatial component of rank
  • the pads 7 of the rotor may be shaped such that their height Hp is substantially less than the height Ha of the magnets 5, such as to increase the air gap at the studs and further significantly reduce the inductive effect.
  • the magnets 5 at the periphery of the rotor are held by gluing.
  • the pads 7 of the rotor 4 may have a trapezoidal shape "dovetail", with a larger vertex than the base. Magnets 5, of suitable shape, are then mechanically held by the dovetail assembly and can not escape into the air gap, which makes the fret useless. And insofar as the average width Lp of the pads 7 is smaller than that of the magnets 5 according to the invention, the increase of the inductive effect resulting from the shape of the pads remains acceptable.
  • the pads 7 may be trapezoidal in shape with a wider base than the top.
  • the level of torque in a Vernier machine according to the invention is essentially conditioned by the value of the coefficient t at the gap.
  • a trapezoidal shape of the studs thus advantageously makes it possible to optimize this value of the coefficient t while limiting the saturation 8 at the base of the studs 7.
  • the magnets 5 of the rotor 4 may be of substantially different shape from the notches in which they are housed.
  • the magnets 5 of the rotor 4 may be of substantially different shape from the notches in which they are housed.
  • substantially rectangular magnets can be inserted between substantially trapezoidal teeth;
  • the magnets can be significantly smaller than the notches;
  • the magnets can be significantly smaller than the notches and substantially higher. According to particular embodiments:
  • a Vernier machine can operate as a motor or as a generator
  • a Vernier machine may comprise two stators of identical structure, with a symmetrical rotor inserted between the two and separated from each stator by an air gap;
  • a Vernier machine may comprise two rotors of identical structure, with a symmetrical stator inserted between the two and separated from each rotor by an air gap;
  • a Vernier machine may consist of a plurality of concentric cylindrical elements separated by air gaps, some elements constituting stators and some elements constituting rotors;
  • a Vernier machine may be discoidal shape, with a substantially disk-shaped rotor rotating opposite at least one stator; a Vernier machine according to the invention may consist of a plurality of disc-shaped elements separated by air gaps, certain elements constituting stators and certain elements constituting rotors;
  • a Vernier machine may consist of a plurality of stators and a plurality of rotors separated by air gaps, the rotors moving linearly relative to the stators.

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electrodynamic Vernier machine with magnets, including a stator and a rotor, wherein: the stator includes teeth separated by notches opening into the air gap, said teeth defining a periodic pattern having a substantially constant pitch Ps; the rotor includes pads having an average width Lp and separated by notches opening into the air gap, said pads defining a periodic pattern having a substantially constant pitch Pr, Pr being different from Ps; said rotor includes magnets arranged in said notches, all the magnets having the same magnetic pole on the air gap side, characterized in that the average width Lp of the rotor pads is lower than 0.5 times the pitch Pr of said pads, said average width Lp being calculated over the height of the pad.

Description

« Machine Vernier à aimants insérés » «Vernier machine with inserted magnets»
Domaine techniqueTechnical area
La présente invention concerne une machine électrodynamique Vernier à aimants.The present invention relates to a Vernier electrodynamic machine with magnets.
Le domaine de l'invention est plus particulièrement mais de manière non limitative celui des moteurs électriques à fort couple massique pour des applications d'entraînement direct sans réducteur mécanique.The field of the invention is more particularly but not limited to that of electric motors with high mass torque for direct drive applications without mechanical gearbox.
Etat de la technique antérieure Les machines Vernier dérivent des machines synchrones à réluctance variable. Leur particularité réside dans le fait que le pas des dents du stator est légèrement différent de celui des dents du rotor, de telle sorte que seule une partie de ces dents sont alignées simultanément.State of the Prior Art Vernier machines derive synchronous machines with variable reluctance. Their particularity lies in the fact that the pitch of the stator teeth is slightly different from that of the rotor teeth, so that only a portion of these teeth are aligned simultaneously.
Le stator inclut des bobinages électriques, en général distribués dans les encoches qui séparent les d ents, q u i génèrent un champ magnétique tournant.The stator includes electrical windings, generally distributed in the notches separating the dots, which generate a rotating magnetic field.
Dans les configurations les plus simples, le rotor est constitué d'un matériau magnétique et comporte simplement un certain nombre de dents faisant face à celles du stator. La spécificité des machines Vernier réside dans le fait que la vitesse de rotation du rotor est plus faible que celle du champ magnétique créé par les bobinages électriques du stator. Le rapport de réduction dépend en partie du nombre de dents du rotor. Le couple mécanique est également augmenté.In the simplest configurations, the rotor is made of a magnetic material and simply has a number of teeth facing those of the stator. The specificity of Vernier machines lies in the fact that the rotational speed of the rotor is lower than that of the magnetic field created by the electric windings of the stator. The reduction ratio depends in part on the number of rotor teeth. The mechanical torque is also increased.
Le couple réluctant n'étant en général suffisant, les machines Vernier comportent usuellement des générateurs de flux magnétique basés sur des aimants permanents au rotor. La nature du couplage électromagnétique est alors « hybride » dans le sens où il découle d'interactions entre le champ produit par les courants et le champ produit par les aimants.As the reluctant torque is generally not sufficient, Vernier machines usually include magnetic flux generators based on permanent magnets on the rotor. The nature of the electromagnetic coupling is then "hybrid" in the sense that it arises from interactions between the field produced by the currents and the field produced by the magnets.
Dans une configuration classique hybride homopolaire, un aimant est inséré au centre du rotor, et orienté parallèlement à l'axe de rotation. Le rotor se termine à ses deux extrémités par deux couronnes de dents, décalées de telle sorte qu'une dent d'un côté du rotor soit dans l'alig nement d 'une encoche d u côté op posé. Cette configuration, relativement simple et commune dans les moteurs pas-à-pas, est néanmoins peu favorable pour l'obtention de forts couples massiques du fait de la rapide saturation du circuit magnétique. Cette saturation provient du fait que, d'une part l'entrefer doit être très faible pour accentuer l'effet magnétique entraîné par le décalage des dents, et d 'a utre pa rt, le fl ux mag nétiq ue présente u ne composante homopolaire importante qui ne produit pas de couple. Par conséquence cette configuration entraîne des encombrements gênants.In a conventional homopolar hybrid configuration, a magnet is inserted in the center of the rotor, and oriented parallel to the axis of rotation. The rotor is terminated at both ends by two tooth crowns, offset so that a tooth on one side of the rotor is in the groove of a notch on the opposite side. This configuration, which is relatively simple and common in stepper motors, is nevertheless not very favorable for obtaining high mass torques due to the rapid saturation of the circuit. magnetic. This saturation stems from the fact that, on the one hand, the air gap must be very small in order to accentuate the magnetic effect caused by the shifting of the teeth, and on the other hand, the magnetic flux presents a homopolar component. important that does not produce a couple. Consequently, this configuration causes troublesome congestion.
Les machines Vernier pour des applications nécessitant des forts couples massiq ues sont pl utôt constru ites selon des config u rations hybrides multipolaires, avec des aimants disposés radialement sur le pourtour du rotor, sur une culasse en matériau magnétique. On connaît le document FR 2 560 461 de Pouillange et al. dans lequel les auteurs décrivent diverses configurations de machines Vernier hybrides multipolaires. Le point commu n de ces config u rations est q ue le rotor comporte une couronne continue de générateurs d'induction magnétique placés les u ns à côté des a utres, pour générer des flux magnétiques perpendiculaires à l'entrefer. Ces générateurs peuvent être soit des couples d'aimants placés les uns à côté des autres, avec alternativement les pôles nord et sud faisant face à l'entrefer, soit des bobinages ouverts sur l'entrefer, soit encore des aimants ou des bobinages disposés par paires face-à-face de telle sorte à générer des flux magnétiques perpendiculaires symétriques. Les configurations décrites d ans le d ocu ment FR 2 560 461, et en particulier celles à base de couples d'aimants permanents dont les pôles font face à l'entrefer, ont l'avantage important de permettre la réalisation de rotors annulaires très minces. On peut ainsi réal iser des moteurs à fort couple, faible inertie et surtout un encombrement réduit qui trouvent des applications par exemple en traction (moteurs intégrés à u ne roue), en robotique et dans le domaine aéronautique.Vernier machines for applications requiring high mass torques are most of the time built according to multipole hybrid configurations, with magnets arranged radially around the rotor, on a yoke made of magnetic material. Document FR 2 560 461 to Pouillange et al. in which the authors describe various configurations of hybrid Vernier multipolar machines. The common point of these config urations is that the rotor comprises a continuous ring of magnetic induction generators placed next to each other, to generate magnetic flux perpendicular to the air gap. These generators can be either pairs of magnets placed next to each other, alternately with the north and south poles facing the air gap, either open windings on the air gap, or even magnets or windings arranged by face-to-face pairs so as to generate symmetrical perpendicular magnetic fluxes. The configurations described in DE FR 2 560 461, and in particular those based on pairs of permanent magnets whose poles face the air gap, have the important advantage of allowing the production of very thin annular rotors. . It is thus possible to perform motors with high torque, low inertia and especially a small footprint that find applications for example in traction (motors integrated with a wheel), robotics and aeronautics.
Dans les mach ines Vern ier à ai mants, l 'i nteraction des champs magnétiques à l'origine d'une part importante du couple mécanique est d'origine dentaire. Il y a une interaction forte entre les aimants du rotor et les dents du stator. Les performances sont intimement liées à la fréquence de fonctionnement et donc au nombre d'aimants du rotor. Lors de l'assemblage, ces aimants qui présentent une aimantation radiale alternée et sont tous de forme identique, doivent être positionnés et collés à la périphérie du rotor. Un tel assemblage peut s'avérer délicat et coûteux. On connaît le document JP 2005198381 de Yoshitaro et al. qui présente une machine Vernier à aimants dans laquelle un aimant sur deux du rotor est remplacé par une dent ou plot en matériau magnétique. Cette configuration permet de réduire sensiblement le nombre d'aimants utilisés et donc le coût. Le montage est également considérablement simplifié dans la mesure où le positionnement des aimants est guidé par les plots.In machines in which there are magnets, the interaction of magnetic fields at the origin of a large part of the mechanical torque is of dental origin. There is a strong interaction between the rotor magnets and the stator teeth. The performances are intimately related to the operating frequency and thus to the number of magnets of the rotor. During assembly, these magnets which have an alternating radial magnetization and are all of identical shape, must be positioned and glued to the periphery of the rotor. Such an assembly can be delicate and expensive. Document JP 2005198381 of Yoshitaro et al. which presents a Vernier machine with magnets in which one magnet out of two of the rotor is replaced by a tooth or stud of magnetic material. This configuration significantly reduces the number of magnets used and therefore the cost. The assembly is also considerably simplified insofar as the positioning of the magnets is guided by the pads.
Les aimants sont tous orientés dans le même sens. La périodicité de l'induction dans l'entrefer est toutefois conservée de part la présence des plots magnétiques. Cependant, le simple remplacement de la moitié des aimants d'une machine Vernier à aimants par des plots magnétiques ne produit pas des performances optimales.The magnets are all oriented in the same direction. The periodicity of the induction in the gap is however preserved by the presence of the magnetic studs. However, simply replacing half of the magnets of a magnet Vernier machine with magnetic studs does not produce optimum performance.
On connaît ainsi l'article de Toba, A., T. A. Lipo, "Novel Dual-ExcitationThe article by Toba, A., T. A. Lipo, "Novel Dual-Excitation" is thus known.
Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine," IEEE-IAS Conférence Record, Phoenix, AZ , O ct . 1999 , vo l . 4 , p p . 2539-2544 dans leq uel l 'auteur décrit l'accroissement important de la réaction magnétique d'induit dans cette configuration, et les deux inconvénients majeurs qui en découlent :Permanent Vernier Magnet Machine, "IEEE-IAS Conference Record, Phoenix, AZ, O ct 1999, vol 4, pp. 2539-2544 in which the author describes the significant increase in magnetic armature reaction in this configuration, and the two major drawbacks that result:
- l'accroissement du niveau de champ dans les dents et les culasses, avec pour conséquence un accroissement de la masse de fer nécessaire pour limiter les saturations et donc une diminution du couple massique ;- Increasing the field level in the teeth and yokes, resulting in an increase in the mass of iron necessary to limit the saturations and therefore a decrease in the mass torque;
- l'accroissement de l'effet inductif qui entraîne une diminution du facteur de pu issance et nécessite u n surdimensionnement de l'alimentation électronique.the increase of the inductive effect which causes a decrease in the power factor and requires an over-dimensioning of the electronic power supply.
La présente invention a po u r but d'optimiser les performances des machines Vernier à réluctance variable et à aimants insérés.The present invention has the aim of optimizing the performance of Vernier machines with variable reluctance and inserted magnets.
Exposé de l'inventionPresentation of the invention
Cet objectif est atteint avec une machine électrodynamique Vernier comprenant :This objective is achieved with a Vernier electrodynamic machine comprising:
- au moins un stator et au moins un rotor, au moins partiellement en matériau magnétique, séparés par un entrefer, et pouvant se déplacer l'un par rapport à l'autre selon un axe de déplacement,at least one stator and at least one rotor, at least partially made of magnetic material, separated by an air gap, and able to move relative to one another along an axis of displacement,
- lequel stator comprenant des dents séparées par des encoches débouchant sur l'entrefer, lesquelles dents formant un motif périodique de pas Ps sensiblement constant suivant ledit axe de déplacement, - leq uel stator comprenant des bobinages électriques disposés dans lesdites encoches, lesquels bobinages étant alimentés de telle sorte à générer dans l'entrefer un champ magnétique à p paires de pôles glissant suivant ledit axe de déplacement, - lequel rotor comprenant des plots de largeur moyenne Lp séparés par des encoches débouchant sur l'entrefer, lesquels plots formant un motif périodique de pas Pr sensiblement constant suivant ledit axe de déplacement, Pr étant différent de Ps,- Which stator comprising teeth separated by notches opening on the air gap, which teeth forming a periodic pattern of pitch Ps substantially constant along said axis of displacement, the stator comprising electric windings arranged in said notches, which coils are fed so as to generate in the gap a magnetic field with p pairs of poles sliding along said axis of displacement, which rotor comprises pads of average width Lp separated by notches opening on the gap, which pads forming a periodic pattern of pitch Pr substantially constant along said axis of movement, Pr being different from Ps,
- lequel rotor comprenant des aimants disposés dans lesdites encoches, lesquels aimants présentant tous une direction d'aimantation sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'entrefer et présentant tous le même pôle magnétique du côté de l'entrefer,- Which rotor comprises magnets arranged in said notches, which magnets all having a magnetization direction substantially perpendicular to the air gap and all having the same magnetic pole on the air gap side,
Caractérisé en ce que la largeur moyenne Lp des plots du rotor est inférieure à 0,5 fois le pas Pr desdits plots, laquelle largeur moyenne Lp étant calculée sur la hauteur du plot.Characterized in that the average width Lp of the rotor pads is less than 0.5 times the pitch Pr of said pads, which average width Lp is calculated on the height of the pad.
La largeur moyenne Lp des plots du rotor peut en outre être supérieure à 0,2 fois le pas Pr desdits plots, laquelle largeur moyenne Lp étant calculée sur la hauteur du plot.The average width Lp of the rotor studs may also be greater than 0.2 times the pitch Pr of said studs, which average width Lp is calculated over the height of the stud.
De cette manière, le couple d'origine dentaire peut être significativement amélioré en comparaison avec les machines Vernier à aimants insérés de l'art antérieur.In this way, the torque of dental origin can be significantly improved in comparison with the Vernier machines with inserted magnets of the prior art.
Les pas Ps et Pr peuvent être choisis de telle sorte qu'un nombre entier Ns de dents du stator couvre sensiblement la même distance le long de l'axe de déplacement qu'un nombre entier Nr de plots du rotor, et que la relation : | Ns - Nr| = p soit satisfaite. En particulier, Ns et Nr peuvent être choisis tels que Ns soit supérieur à Nr (Ns > Nr).The steps Ps and Pr can be chosen such that an integer Ns of stator teeth covers substantially the same distance along the axis of displacement as an integer Nr of rotor studs, and that the relation: | Ns - Nr | = p be satisfied. In particular, Ns and Nr can be chosen such that Ns is greater than Nr (Ns> Nr).
Selon des modes de réalisation particuliers,According to particular embodiments,
- la hauteur Hp des plots du rotor peut être sensiblement inférieure à la hauteur Ha des aimants disposés dans les encoches ;the height Hp of the rotor studs may be substantially less than the height Ha of the magnets arranged in the notches;
- les plots du rotor peuvent être de forme sensiblement trapézoïdale, le sommet dudit plot étant sensiblement plus étroit que sa base ;- The rotor pads may be substantially trapezoidal shape, the top of said pad being substantially narrower than its base;
- les plots du rotor peuvent être de forme sensiblement trapézoïdale, le sommet dudit plot étant sensiblement plus large que sa base, et les aimants pe uve nt être d e fo rme sensiblement trapézoïdale, et être retenus mécaniquement dans les encoches par un mode d'assemblage en queues d'aronde ;the studs of the rotor may be of substantially trapezoidal shape, the top of said stud being substantially wider than its base, and the magnets may be of substantially trapezoidal shape, and retained mechanically in the notches by a dovetail assembly mode;
- les plots du rotor peuvent être de toute autre forme que rectangulaire ou trapézoïdale ; - les plots du rotor peuvent être d'une hauteur Hp sensiblement inférieure à la hauteur Ha des aimants, et en outre être de forme trapézoïdale ou de toute autre forme.the studs of the rotor may be of any other shape than rectangular or trapezoidal; - The rotor pads may be of a height Hp substantially less than the height Ha of the magnets, and further be of trapezoidal shape or any other form.
U n e machine électrodynamique Vernier selon l'invention peut être conformée de telle sorte que : - le stator et le rotor sont de symétrie cylindrique,A Vernier electrodynamic machine according to the invention can be shaped in such a way that: the stator and the rotor are of cylindrical symmetry,
- le rotor tourne sur son axe à l'intérieur du stator,the rotor rotates on its axis inside the stator,
- le stator comprend Ns dents sur sa face intérieure et le rotor comprend Nr plots sur sa face extérieure.- The stator comprises Ns teeth on its inner face and the rotor comprises Nr pads on its outer face.
Une machine électrodynamique Vernier selon l'invention peut également être conformée de telle sorte que :A Vernier electrodynamic machine according to the invention may also be shaped such that:
- le stator et le rotor sont de symétrie cylindrique,the stator and the rotor are of cylindrical symmetry,
- le rotor tourne sur son axe à l'extérieur du stator,the rotor rotates on its axis outside the stator,
- le stator comprend Ns dents sur sa face extérieure et le rotor comprend Nr plots sur sa face intérieure. Une machine électrodynamique Vernier selon l'invention peut également être conformée de telle sorte que le rotor soit sensiblement en forme de disque, et tourne sur son axe face au stator.- The stator comprises Ns teeth on its outer face and the rotor comprises Nr pads on its inner face. A Vernier electrodynamic machine according to the invention may also be shaped such that the rotor is substantially disk-shaped, and rotates on its axis facing the stator.
Une machine électrodynamique Vernier selon l'invention peut enfin être conformée de telle sorte que le rotor se déplace linéairement le long du stator.A Vernier electrodynamic machine according to the invention may finally be shaped such that the rotor moves linearly along the stator.
Suivant d'autres caractéristiques particulières,According to other particular characteristics,
- les bobinages électriques du stator peuvent être de type réparti à pas diamétral ;the electrical windings of the stator may be of the type distributed at a diametral pitch;
- les bobinages électriques du stator peuvent être de type réparti à pas raccourci ;the electrical windings of the stator may be of the type distributed at short pitch;
- les bobinages électriques du stator peuvent être à pas dentaire, auquel cas les spires de ces bobinages sont disposées autour des dents du stator ;- The electrical windings of the stator may be toothed, in which case the turns of these windings are arranged around the teeth of the stator;
- les bobinages électriques d u stator peuvent être alimentés par un système de tensions polyphasées ; - les bobinages électriques du stator peuvent être alimentés par u n système de tensions triphasées ;the electric windings of the stator can be powered by a system of polyphase voltages; the electric windings of the stator can be powered by a system of three-phase voltages;
- le rapport s entre la largeur Ls des dents du stator au niveau de l'entrefer et leur pas Ps peut être choisi entre 0,3 et 0,5. Cela permet de favoriser encore l'effet de réluctance variable ;the ratio s between the width Ls of the stator teeth at the gap and their pitch Ps can be chosen between 0.3 and 0.5. This makes it possible to further favor the effect of variable reluctance;
- les dents du stator peuvent comporter un isthme à leur extrémité dans l'entrefer ;- The stator teeth may have an isthmus at their end in the air gap;
- chaque dent du stator peut être constituée d'un groupe de petites dents sensiblement équidistantes, la largeur dudit groupe étant égale à Ls, laquelle largeur Ls étant définie comme dans le cas des dents d'un seul tenant ;each tooth of the stator may consist of a group of small teeth substantially equidistant, the width of said group being equal to Ls, which width Ls being defined as in the case of teeth in one piece;
- chaque plot du rotor peut être constitué d'un groupe de petits plots sensiblement équidistants, la largeur dudit groupe étant égale à Lr, laquelle largeur Lr étant définie comme dans le cas des plots d'un seul tenant.each stud of the rotor may consist of a group of small pads substantially equidistant, the width of said group being equal to Lr, which width Lr is defined as in the case of the pads in one piece.
Description des figures et modes de réalisation D'autres avantages et particularités de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détail lée de mises en œuvre et de modes de réalisation nullement limitatifs, et des dessins annexés suivants :DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES AND EMBODIMENTS Other advantages and particularities of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description of implementations and non-limiting embodiments, and the following appended drawings:
- la figure 1 illustre une vue en coupe d'une machine Vernier de l'art antérieur avec des paires d'aimants de polarité alternée au rotor, - la figure 2 illustre une vue en coupe d'une machine Vernier de l'art antérieur, dans laquelle un aimant sur deux du rotor a été remplacé par un plot,FIG. 1 illustrates a sectional view of a Vernier machine of the prior art with pairs of magnets of alternating polarity to the rotor; FIG. 2 illustrates a sectional view of a Vernier machine of the prior art; , in which one of two magnets of the rotor has been replaced by a stud,
- la figure 3 illustre une vue en coupe de la répartition des aimants et des plots au rotor d'une machine Vernier selon l'invention, - la figure 4 illustre une vue en coupe de la structure d'une machineFIG. 3 illustrates a sectional view of the distribution of the magnets and the rotor studs of a Vernier machine according to the invention, FIG. 4 illustrates a sectional view of the structure of a machine.
Vernier selon l'invention,Vernier according to the invention,
- la figure 5 illustre une vue en coupe d 'une variante d'une machine vernier selon l'invention, dans laq uel le la hauteur des aimants est sensiblement supérieure à la hauteur des plots du rotor, - la figure 6 illustre une variante d'une machine vernier selon l'invention, dans laquelle les aimants sont retenus mécaniquement sur le rotor par un système de queues d'arondes,FIG. 5 illustrates a sectional view of a variant of a vernier machine according to the invention, in which the height of the magnets is substantially greater than the height of the rotor studs; FIG. 6 illustrates a variant of FIG. a vernier machine according to the invention, in which the magnets are mechanically retained on the rotor by a dovetail system,
- la figure 7 illustre le phénomène de saturation à la base des plots du rotor d'une machine Vernier selon l'invention, - la figure 8 illustre une variante d'une machine Vernier selon l'invention, dans laquelle la géométrie des dents du rotor est adaptée pour limiter la saturation,FIG. 7 illustrates the saturation phenomenon at the base of the rotor studs of a Vernier machine according to the invention, FIG. 8 illustrates a variant of a Vernier machine according to the invention, in which the geometry of the rotor teeth is adapted to limit saturation,
- la figure 9 illustre des variantes d'une machine Vernier selon l'invention, dans lesquelles la forme des aimants est sensiblement différente de celle des encoches.FIG. 9 illustrates variants of a Vernier machine according to the invention, in which the shape of the magnets is substantially different from that of the notches.
Les figures 1 et 2 présentent les dispositions mises en œuvre dans les machines Vernier de l'art antérieur. En référence à la figure 1, ces machines comprennent : - un stator 1 pourvu de dents 2 en matériau magnétique séparées par des encoches 3. L'intervalle de distance entre deux dents, ou pas statorique, est noté Ps ;Figures 1 and 2 show the arrangements implemented in Vernier machines of the prior art. With reference to FIG. 1, these machines comprise: a stator 1 provided with teeth 2 made of magnetic material separated by notches 3. The distance interval between two teeth, or stator pitch, is denoted Ps;
- un rotor 4 constitué d'une culasse sur laquelle sont fixées des paires d'aimants 5 et 6. Les aimants sont tous de largeur sensiblement identique La mais de polarité alternée. La largeur d'une paire d'aimants, ou pas rotorique, est noté Pr. Le rotor est séparé du stator par un entrefer 10 d'épaisseur sensiblement constante au cours du déplacement.- A rotor 4 consisting of a yoke on which are fixed pairs of magnets 5 and 6. The magnets are all substantially the same width but the alternating polarity. The width of a pair of magnets, or not rotor, is noted Pr. The rotor is separated from the stator by an air gap 10 of substantially constant thickness during displacement.
En référence à la figure 2, selon une variante connue de machine Vernier de l'art antérieur dite « à aimants insérés », un aimant sur deux du rotor est remplacé pour des raisons de coût et de simplification de montage par un plot 7 en matériau magnétique. Les aimants restants 5, logés dans les encoches séparant les plots 7, sont tous orientés de manière identique par rapport à l'entrefer 10, de telle sorte que les pôles nord de tous les aimants ou les pôles sud de tous les aimants soient face à cet entrefer 10. Le pas rotorique Pr correspond dans cette configuration à la largeur d'un aimant et d'un plot. Dans les machines Vernier à aimants insérés de l'art antérieur, la largeur Lp des plots 7 du rotor est sensiblement identique ou supérieure à la largeur La des aimants 5 ou des encoches. Cette conception permet de diminuer la quantité d'aimants et donc le coût des dispositifs. En définissant le paramètre t tel que t = Lp / Pr, on a en général pour les machines Vernier à aimants insérés de l'art antérieur t > 0,5.Referring to Figure 2, according to a known variant of Vernier machine of the prior art called "with inserted magnets", one of two rotor magnet is replaced for reasons of cost and simplification of assembly by a pad 7 of material magnetic. The remaining magnets 5, housed in the notches separating the pads 7, are all oriented identically with respect to the gap 10, so that the north poles of all the magnets or the south poles of all the magnets are facing This air gap 10. The rotor pitch Pr corresponds in this configuration to the width of a magnet and a pad. In the prior art Vernier machines with inserted magnets, the width Lp of the pads 7 of the rotor is substantially identical to or greater than the width La of the magnets 5 or notches. This design reduces the amount of magnets and therefore the cost of the devices. By defining the parameter t such that t = Lp / Pr, it is in general for the Vernier machines with inserted magnets of the prior art t> 0.5.
La machine Vernier à aimants insérés selon la présente invention conserve une structure à aimants insérés, avec un rotor comprenant une alternance d'aimants et de plots. Par contre, la structure du rotor est optimisée de telle sorte à améliorer les performances en termes de couple mécanique notamment.The inserted magnet Vernier machine according to the present invention retains an inserted magnet structure, with a rotor comprising a alternation of magnets and pads. On the other hand, the structure of the rotor is optimized so as to improve the performances in terms of mechanical torque in particular.
Dans une machine Vernier selon l'invention représentée en figure 3, le rapport t entre la largeur moyenne Lp des plots 7 du rotor 4 et leur pas Pr est compris entre 0,2 et 0,5. Selon une mise en œuvre préférentielle, t = 0,4.In a Vernier machine according to the invention shown in FIG. 3, the ratio t between the average width Lp of the pads 7 of the rotor 4 and their pitch Pr is between 0.2 and 0.5. According to a preferred implementation, t = 0.4.
Il est à noter que dans la description, la largeur des aimants La est assimilée à la largeur des encoches dans lesquelles ils sont insérés. La description reste toutefois valable dans le cas où l'aimant est de largeur sensiblement inférieure à l'encoche dans laq uel le il est inséré, car sa perméabilité magnétique est proche de celle de l'air.It should be noted that in the description, the width of the magnets La is assimilated to the width of the notches in which they are inserted. The description however remains valid in the case where the magnet is of width substantially less than the notch in which it is inserted, because its magnetic permeability is close to that of air.
Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel mais nullement limitatif, la machine Vernier selon l'invention est réalisée sous la forme d'une machine tournante, de forme cylindrique. La figure 4 présente une vue en coupe, à une position quelconque le long du rotor, d'une telle machine. Seul un quart de la coupe est représenté.According to a preferred embodiment but in no way limiting, the Vernier machine according to the invention is made in the form of a rotating machine, of cylindrical shape. Figure 4 shows a sectional view, at any position along the rotor, of such a machine. Only a quarter of the cup is represented.
Cette machine Vernier comprend un stator 1 cylindrique, avec Ns dentsThis machine Vernier comprises a stator 1 cylindrical, with Ns teeth
2 au total débouchant sur sa face intérieure. Le stator supporte un bobinage électrique 11 à m phases à pas diamétral, réparti dans les encoches 3 entre les dents, et qui génère dans l'entrefer 10 un champ magnétique tournant à p paires de pôles. Le bobinage 11 n'est représenté à la figure 4 que dans quelques encoches pour des raisons de clarté du dessin. Les dents 2 sont évidées et donc se terminent par des isthmes 12. Cela permet de maximiser l'espace pour les bobinages sans affecter significativement ni la réluctance ni la largeur Ls de ces dents 2 au niveau de l'entrefer.2 in total leading to its inner side. The stator supports an electric winding 11 with m phases with diametrical pitch, distributed in the notches 3 between the teeth, and which generates in the gap 10 a magnetic field rotating p pairs of poles. Winding 11 is shown in FIG. 4 only in a few notches for the sake of clarity of the drawing. The teeth 2 are recessed and thus terminate in isthmus 12. This maximizes the space for the windings without significantly affecting either the reluctance or the width Ls of these teeth 2 at the gap.
Le rotor 4, également de forme cylindrique, comprend Nr plots sur sa face extérieure. Nr aimants 5 sont insérés et collés dans les encoches séparant les plots du rotor. Ils présentent tous une aimantation radiale orientée dans le même sens par rapport à l'entrefer 10 (avec par exemple le pôle nord de tous les aimants faisant face à l'entrefer, ou de manière équivalente, le pôle sud de tous les aimants faisant face à l'entrefer).The rotor 4, also of cylindrical shape, comprises Nr pads on its outer face. Nr magnets 5 are inserted and glued into the notches separating the pads of the rotor. They all have a radial magnetization oriented in the same direction relative to the air gap 10 (with for example the north pole of all the magnets facing the gap, or in an equivalent manner, the south pole of all magnets facing at the air gap).
Dans le sens longitudinal, les plots 7 et les aimants 5 du rotor sont sensiblement de même longueur que les dents 2 du stator. Le stator et le rotor sont réalisés dans des assemblages de tôles magnétiques. Dans les machines Vernier à aimants, l'interaction des champs magnétiques à l'origine d 'une part importante d u couple mécaniq ue est d'origine dentaire. Il y a une interaction forte entre les aimants 5 du rotor et les dents 2 du stator. L'effet Vernier est réalisé par un décalage progressif des aimants par rapport aux dents et il est caractérisé par la relation générale :In the longitudinal direction, the studs 7 and the magnets 5 of the rotor are substantially of the same length as the teeth 2 of the stator. The stator and the rotor are made in assemblies of magnetic sheets. In Vernier machines with magnets, the interaction of magnetic fields at the origin of a large part of the mechanical torque is of dental origin. There is a strong interaction between the magnets 5 of the rotor and the teeth 2 of the stator. The Vernier effect is realized by a progressive shift of the magnets with respect to the teeth and it is characterized by the general relation:
I Ns - Nr I = p.I Ns - Nr I = p.
Pour tous les cas de bobinage statorique (de type réparti à pas diamétral ou raccourci, ou à pas dentaire), la relation suivante est satisfaite :For all the cases of stator winding (of distributed type with diametrical pitch or shortened, or with tooth pitch), the following relation is satisfied:
Ns = 2 x m x Ne x p, où Ne est le nombre d'encoches 3 par pôle et par phase. La relation générale caractérisant l'effet Vernier peut ainsi s'écrire :Ns = 2 x m x Ne x p, where Ne is the number of notches 3 per pole and per phase. The general relationship characterizing the Vernier effect can thus be written:
Nr / p = 2 χ m χ Ne ± 1.Nr / p = 2 χ m χ Ne ± 1.
La mach i ne Vernier à aimants insérés selon l'invention est particulièrement intéressante pour les bobinages répartis tels que Ne = 1 , Ne = 2 et Ne = 3, et les bobinages dentaires avec Ne = 0.5.The Vernier machine with inserted magnets according to the invention is particularly advantageous for distributed windings such as Ne = 1, Ne = 2 and Ne = 3, and dental windings with Ne = 0.5.
Les machines Vernier à aimants sont caractérisées par une différence de vitesse de rotation entre le rotor et le fondamental du champ magnétique d'entrefer. En notant Ωs la vitesse de rotation du champ magnétique et Ωr la vitesse de rotation du rotor, le rapport des vitesses est défini par le coefficient Kv, appelé coefficient Vernier, comme suit :Vernier machines with magnets are characterized by a difference in rotational speed between the rotor and the fundamental magnetic field gap. By noting Ωs the rotational speed of the magnetic field and Ωr the rotational speed of the rotor, the velocity ratio is defined by the coefficient Kv, called the Vernier coefficient, as follows:
| Kv| = |Ωs / Ωr| = Ps / | Ps - Pr| = Nr / p.| Kv | = | Ωs / Ωr | = Ps / | Ps - Pr | = Nr / p.
Dans le mode de réalisation préférentiel de l a fig u re 4, Ns = 36, Nr = 33, m = 3, p = 3, Ne = 2 et Kv = -11.In the preferred embodiment of Fig. 4, Ns = 36, Nr = 33, m = 3, p = 3, Ne = 2 and Kv = -11.
Dans une machine Vernier à aimants insérés telle que présentée à la figure 4, avec un enroulement statorique 11 constitué de Nsp spires en série parcourues par un courant d'amplitude Imax, le cou ple mécaniq ue C, hybride, est directement proportionnel au flux rotorique Φa traversé par chaque spire :In a Vernier machine with inserted magnets as shown in FIG. 4, with a stator winding 11 consisting of Nsp turns in series traversed by a current of amplitude Imax, the mechanical coupling C, which is hybrid, is directly proportional to the rotor flux. Crossed by each turn:
C ~ | Kv| x Nsp x Imax x Φa, Soit, à quantité de courant constante :C ~ | KV | x Nsp x Imax x Φa, that is, with a constant amount of current:
C ~ | Kv| x Φa.C ~ | Kv | x Φa.
Ce flux rotorique Φa est le flux engendré par les aimants au sein du circuit magnétique. Il est obtenu par intégration de l'induction rotorique Ba(θ) sur un pôle de bobinage, θ étant la position angulaire dans la machine tournante : Φa ≈ <Ba> x Spôle,This rotor flow Φa is the flux generated by the magnets within the magnetic circuit. It is obtained by integrating the rotor induction Ba (θ) on a winding pole, θ being the angular position in the rotating machine: Φa ≈ <Ba> x Spole,
<Ba> étant la valeur moyenne de Ba(θ) sur un pôle de bobinage et Spôle étant la surface du pôle. L'induction rotorique Ba(θ) dépend du potentiel magnétique des aimants Va(θ) et de la densité de perméance du circuit magnétique Pm(θ) :<Ba> being the average value of Ba (θ) on a winding pole and Spole being the area of the pole. The rotor induction Ba (θ) depends on the magnetic potential of the magnets Va (θ) and the permeance density of the magnetic circuit Pm (θ):
Ba(θ) = Va(θ) x Pm(θ).Ba (θ) = Va (θ) x Pm (θ).
Dans la configuration de la figure 4, la densité de perméance du circuit magnétique peut être approximée par la fonction suivante :In the configuration of FIG. 4, the permeance density of the magnetic circuit can be approximated by the following function:
Pm(θ) ≈ PO ± PA x cos((Ns-IMr) x θ) ± PB x cos((Ns+IMr) x θ) ... ± PC x COS(Ns x θ) ± PD x cos(Nr x θ).Pm (θ) ≈ PO ± PA x cos ((Ns-IMr) x θ) ± PB x cos ((Ns + IMr) x θ) ... ± PC x COS (Ns x θ) ± PD x cos (Nr x θ).
Dans le cas d'une machine Vernier à aimants insérés de l'art antérieur, dans laquelle les aimants sont de taille sensiblement identique aux plots (t = 0,5), le potentiel magnétique Va(θ) peut être approximé par la fonction suivante : Va(θ) ≈ Vl x sin(Nr x θ).In the case of a Vernier machine with inserted magnets of the prior art, in which the magnets are substantially identical in size to the pads (t = 0.5), the magnetic potential Va (θ) can be approximated by the following function : Va (θ) ≈ Vl x sin (Nr x θ).
Avantageusement, dans une machine Vernier à aimants insérés selon l'invention, les aimants sont pl us larges q ue les plots (t < 0.5). Cette disposition permet de favoriser l 'apparition d 'une harmon iq ue paire additionnelle dans le potentiel magnétique Va(θ), lequel peut alors être approximé par la fonction suivante :Advantageously, in a Vernier machine with magnets inserted according to the invention, the magnets are wider than the studs (t <0.5). This arrangement makes it possible to promote the appearance of an additional pair of harmonics in the magnetic potential Va (θ), which can then be approximated by the following function:
Va(θ) ≈ Vl x sin(Nr x θ) ± V2 x sin(2 x Nr x θ).Va (θ) ≈ Vl x sin (Nr x θ) ± V2 x sin (2 x Nr x θ).
L'amplitude de cette harmonique paire additionnelle V2 est d'autant plus importante que le rapport t est petit.The amplitude of this additional pair harmonic V2 is all the more important as the ratio t is small.
En explicitant Va(θ) et Pm(θ) et en introd uisa nt Kv, l'induction rotorique à l'origine du couple peut s'écrire sous la forme :By explaining Va (θ) and Pm (θ) and introducing Kv, the rotor induction at the origin of the couple can be written in the form:
Ba(θ) ≈ ± Bl x cos(p x θ) ± Bl' x cos(p x θ) ± Bkv x cos( | Kv| x p x θ). Le terme Bl', lié à V2, n'apparaît pas de manière significative dans les machines Vernier de l'art antérieur, où t = 0,5.Ba (θ) ≈ ± Bl x cos (p x θ) ± B1 x cos (p x θ) ± Bkv x cos (| Kv | x p x θ). The term B1 ', related to V2, does not appear significantly in Vernier machines of the prior art, where t = 0.5.
Le flux rotorique à l'origine du couple mécanique dans une machine Vernier à aimants insérés peut se décomposer en une partie d'origine dentaire et une partie d'origine polaire, soit Φa ≈ (Φd + Φd') ± Φp, où Φd est le terme de flux d'origine dentaire lié à Bl, Φd' est le terme de flux d'origine dentaire additionnel lié à Bl' obtenu dans le dispositif selon l'invention, et Φp est le terme de flux d'origine polaire lié à Bkv. En fonction de la configuration dentaire choisie, les flux d'origines dentaire et polaire sont additifs ou soustractifs :The rotor flux at the origin of the mechanical torque in a Vernier machine with inserted magnets can be decomposed into a part of dental origin and a part of polar origin, ie Φa ≈ (Φd + Φd ') ± Φp, where Φd is the term of flow of dental origin bonded to B1, Φd 'is the term of flow of additional dental origin bonded to B1' obtained in the device according to the invention, and Φp is the term of flux of polar origin linked to Bkv. Depending on the dental configuration chosen, dental and polar origin streams are additive or subtractive:
- Si Ns > Nr, Φa ≈ (Φd + Φd') + Φp ;- If Ns> Nr, Φa ≈ (Φd + Φd ') + Φp;
- Si Ns < Nr, Φa ≈ (Φd + Φd') - Φp. Le couple mécanique C des machines Vernier à aimants insérés, qui est proportionnel au flux Φa, résulte donc également essentiellement de l a combinaison d'une composante de couple d'orig ine polaire Cp, et de composantes d'origine dentaires qui sont Cd uniquement pour t = 0,5 (dispositifs de l'art antérieur), ou Cd+Cd' pour t < 0,5 (dispositifs selon l'invention).- If Ns <Nr, Φa ≈ (Φd + Φd ') - Φp. The mechanical torque C of the inserted magnet Vernier machines, which is proportional to the flux Φa, thus also essentially results from the combination of a pair of polar origin pair Cp, and dental origin components which are Cd only for t = 0.5 (devices of the prior art), or Cd + Cd 'for t <0.5 (devices according to the invention).
De manière préférentielle, on choisi Ns > Nr, condition pour laquelle les composantes du couple sont additives, et donc le couple résultant le plus élevé. Le couple mécanique devient alors pour t < 0,5 :Preferably, Ns> Nr is chosen, for which the torque components are additive, and therefore the highest resultant torque. The mechanical torque then becomes for t <0.5:
C ~ (Cd + Cd') + Cp. La relation caractérisant l'effet Vernier devient alors :C ~ (Cd + Cd ') + Cp. The relationship characterizing the Vernier effect then becomes:
Ns - Nr = p.Ns - Nr = p.
Le couple des machines Vernier à aimants insérés selon l'invention résulte donc de l'association d'un couple hybride d'origine dentaire et d'un couple hybride d'origine polaire. Le couple hybride d'origine dentaire est directement lié à la composante spatiale fondamentale de l'induction rotorique, laquelle provient à la fois :The pair of Vernier machines with magnets inserted according to the invention therefore results from the combination of a hybrid pair of dental origin and a hybrid pair of polar origin. The hybrid pair of dental origin is directly related to the fundamental spatial component of the rotor induction, which comes from:
- de l'interaction du fondamental du potentiel magnétique des aimants avec l'harmonique de rang Ns de la densité de perméance ; et- the interaction of the fundamental magnetic potential of the magnets with the harmonic of rank Ns of the density of permeance; and
- de l'interaction de l'harmonique 2 du potentiel magnétique des aimants avec l'harmonique de rang Ns + Nr de la densité de perméance. Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, cette composante est d'autant plus importante que t, inférieur à 0,5, devient plus petit, et donc que la largeur des aimants 5 du rotor 4 devient supérieure à la largeur des plots 7.the interaction of the harmonic 2 of the magnetic potential of the magnets with the harmonic of rank Ns + Nr of the permeance density. According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, this component is all the more important that t, less than 0.5, becomes smaller, and therefore the width of the magnets 5 of the rotor 4 becomes greater than the width of the pads 7.
Le couple hybride d'origine polaire est directement lié à la composante spatiale harmonique de rang | Kv| de l'induction rotorique, laquelle provient de l'interaction du fondamental du potentiel magnétique des aimants avec la valeur moyenne de la densité de perméance.The hybrid pair of polar origin is directly related to the harmonic spatial component of rank | Kv | rotor induction, which results from the interaction of the magnetic potential fundamental of the magnets with the average value of the permeance density.
En référence à l a fig u re 5, da ns u ne varia nte d u dispositif selon l'invention, les plots 7 du rotor peuvent être conformés de telle sorte que leur hauteur Hp soit sensiblement inférieure à la hauteur Ha des aimants 5, de telle sorte à augmenter l'entrefer au niveau des plots et réduire encore sensiblement l'effet inductif.With reference to FIG. 5, in a variant of the device according to the invention, the pads 7 of the rotor may be shaped such that their height Hp is substantially less than the height Ha of the magnets 5, such as to increase the air gap at the studs and further significantly reduce the inductive effect.
De manière habituelle, les aimants 5 en périphérie du rotor sont maintenus par collage. Cependant, pour certaines applications, étant donné qu'il est difficile de prévoir la durée de vie d'une colle, il est nécessaire d'effectuer un frettage des aimants au moyen par exemple de fils en kevlar ou en fibre de verre. Le problème qui se pose alors est que cette frette augmente l'entrefer magnétique, ce qui est préjudiciable aux performances globales du dispositif. En référence à la figure 6, dans une autre variante du dispositif selon l'invention, les plots 7 du rotor 4 peuvent avoir une forme trapézoïdale « en queue d'aronde », avec un sommet plus large que la base. Les aimants 5, de forme adaptée, sont alors maintenus mécaniquement par le montage en queue d'aronde et ne peuvent pas s'échapper dans l'entrefer, ce qui rend la frette inutile. Et dans la mesure où la largeur moyenne Lp des plots 7 est inférieure à celle des aimants 5 conformément à l'invention, l'augmentation de l'effet inductif résultant de la forme des plots reste acceptable.Usually, the magnets 5 at the periphery of the rotor are held by gluing. However, for some applications, since it is difficult to predict the life of an adhesive, it is necessary to carry a binding of the magnets by means for example of Kevlar or fiberglass son. The problem that arises is that this band increases the magnetic gap, which is detrimental to the overall performance of the device. Referring to Figure 6, in another variant of the device according to the invention, the pads 7 of the rotor 4 may have a trapezoidal shape "dovetail", with a larger vertex than the base. Magnets 5, of suitable shape, are then mechanically held by the dovetail assembly and can not escape into the air gap, which makes the fret useless. And insofar as the average width Lp of the pads 7 is smaller than that of the magnets 5 according to the invention, the increase of the inductive effect resulting from the shape of the pads remains acceptable.
Les meilleures performances en termes de couple sont obtenues pour des coefficients t petits correspondant à des largeurs de plot Lp également petites comparées au pas rotorique Pr. Or, il se pose souvent un problème de saturation à la base de ces plots 7 qui limite justement les possibilités de réduction de ce coefficient t. Cette saturation est principalement localisée dans la zone 8 telle qu'illustrée à la figure 7.The best performances in terms of torque are obtained for small t coefficients corresponding to Lp pad widths that are also small compared to the rotor pitch Pr. However, there is often a problem of saturation at the base of these pads 7 which limits precisely the possibilities of reducing this coefficient t. This saturation is mainly located in zone 8 as illustrated in FIG.
En référen ce à l a fig u re 8, d ans u ne variante du dispositif selon l'invention, les plots 7 peuvent être de forme trapézoïdale avec une base plus large que le sommet. En effet, le niveau de couple dans une machine Vernier selon l'invention est essentiellement conditionné par la valeur du coefficient t au niveau de l 'entrefer. U ne forme trapézoïdale des plots permet ainsi avantageusement d'optimiser cette valeur du coefficient t tout en limitant la saturation 8 à la base des plots 7.Referring to Figure 8, a variant of the device according to the invention, the pads 7 may be trapezoidal in shape with a wider base than the top. Indeed, the level of torque in a Vernier machine according to the invention is essentially conditioned by the value of the coefficient t at the gap. A trapezoidal shape of the studs thus advantageously makes it possible to optimize this value of the coefficient t while limiting the saturation 8 at the base of the studs 7.
En référence à la fig ure 9, dans des variantes d u d ispositif selon l'invention, les aimants 5 du rotor 4 peuvent être de forme sensiblement différente des encoches dans lesquelles ils sont logés. Par exemple,With reference to FIG. 9, in variants of a device according to the invention, the magnets 5 of the rotor 4 may be of substantially different shape from the notches in which they are housed. For example,
- figure 9 (a), des aimants sensiblement rectangulaires peuvent être insérés entre des dents sensiblement trapézoïdales ; - figure 9 (b), les aimants peuvent être sensiblement moins large que les encoches ;- Figure 9 (a), substantially rectangular magnets can be inserted between substantially trapezoidal teeth; - Figure 9 (b), the magnets can be significantly smaller than the notches;
- figure 9 (c), les aimants peuvent être sensiblement moins large que les encoches et sensiblement plus hauts. Selon des modes de réalisation particuliers :- Figure 9 (c), the magnets can be significantly smaller than the notches and substantially higher. According to particular embodiments:
- une machine Vernier selon l'invention peut fonctionner en moteur, ou en générateur ;a Vernier machine according to the invention can operate as a motor or as a generator;
- une machine Vernier selon l'invention peut comporter deux stators de structure identique, avec un rotor symétrique inséré entre les deux et séparé de chaque stator par un entrefer ;a Vernier machine according to the invention may comprise two stators of identical structure, with a symmetrical rotor inserted between the two and separated from each stator by an air gap;
- une machine Vernier selon l'invention peut comporter deux rotors de structure identique, avec un stator symétrique inséré entre les deux et séparé de chaque rotor par un entrefer ;a Vernier machine according to the invention may comprise two rotors of identical structure, with a symmetrical stator inserted between the two and separated from each rotor by an air gap;
- Une machine Vernier selon l'invention peut être constituée d'une pluralité d'éléments cylindriques concentriques séparés par des entrefers, certains éléments constituant des stators et certains éléments constituant des rotors ;- A Vernier machine according to the invention may consist of a plurality of concentric cylindrical elements separated by air gaps, some elements constituting stators and some elements constituting rotors;
- une machine Vernier selon l'invention peut être de forme discoïdale, avec un rotor sensiblement en forme de disque tournant en regard d'au moins un stator ; - une machine Vernier selon l'invention peut être constituée d'une pluralité d'éléments de forme discoïdale séparés par des entrefers, certains éléments constituant des stators et certains éléments constituant des rotors ;- A Vernier machine according to the invention may be discoidal shape, with a substantially disk-shaped rotor rotating opposite at least one stator; a Vernier machine according to the invention may consist of a plurality of disc-shaped elements separated by air gaps, certain elements constituting stators and certain elements constituting rotors;
- une machine Vernier selon l'invention peut être constituée d'une pluralité de stators et d'une pluralité de rotors séparés par des entrefers, les rotors se déplaçant linéairement par rapport aux stators.- A Vernier machine according to the invention may consist of a plurality of stators and a plurality of rotors separated by air gaps, the rotors moving linearly relative to the stators.
Bien sûr, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples qui viennent d'être décrits et de nombreux aménagements peuvent être apportés à ces exemples sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples that have just been described and many adjustments can be made to these examples without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Machine électrodynamique Vernier comprenant : - Au moins un stator (1) et au moins un rotor (4), au moins partiellement en matériau magnétique, séparés par u n entrefer (10), et pouvant se déplacer l'un par rapport à l'autre selon un axe de déplacement,1. Electrodynamic machine Vernier comprising: - At least one stator (1) and at least one rotor (4), at least partially magnetic material, separated by an air gap (10), and movable relative to one another; another according to an axis of displacement,
- lequel stator (1) comprenant des dents (2) séparées par des encoches (3) débouchant sur l'entrefer (10), lesquelles dents (2) formant un motif périodique de pas Ps sensiblement constant suivant ledit axe de déplacement,- Which stator (1) comprising teeth (2) separated by notches (3) opening on the gap (10), which teeth (2) forming a periodic pattern of pitch Ps substantially constant along said axis of displacement,
- lequel stator (1) comprenant des bobinages électriques (11) disposés dans lesdites encoches (3), lesquels bobinages étant alimentés de telle sorte à générer dans l'entrefer (10) un champ magnétique à p paires de pôles glissant suivant ledit axe de déplacement, - lequel rotor (4) comprenant des plots (7) de largeur moyenne Lp séparés par des encoches débouchant sur l'entrefer, lesquels plots (7) formant un motif périodique de pas Pr sensiblement constant suivant ledit axe de déplacement, Pr étant différent de Ps,- Which stator (1) comprising electric windings (11) arranged in said notches (3), which windings are fed so as to generate in the air gap (10) a magnetic field with p pole pairs sliding along said axis of displacement, - which rotor (4) comprising pads (7) of average width Lp separated by notches opening on the gap, which pads (7) forming a periodic pattern of pitch Pr substantially constant along said axis of movement, Pr being different from Ps,
- lequel rotor (4) comprenant des aimants (5) disposés dans lesdites encoches, lesquels aimants (5) présentant tous une direction d'aimantation sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'entrefer (10) et présentant tous le même pôle magnétique du côté de l'entrefer (10),- which rotor (4) comprising magnets (5) arranged in said notches, which magnets (5) all having a magnetization direction substantially perpendicular to the gap (10) and all having the same magnetic pole on the side of the gap (10),
Caractérisé en ce que la largeur moyenne Lp des plots (7) du rotor (4) est inférieure à 0,5 fois le pas Pr desdits plots (7), laquelle largeur moyenne Lp étant calculée sur la hauteur du plot (7).Characterized in that the average width Lp of the pads (7) of the rotor (4) is less than 0.5 times the pitch Pr of said pads (7), which average width Lp is calculated on the height of the stud (7).
2. Machine électrodynamique Vernier selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la largeur moyenne Lp des plots (7) du rotor (4) est supérieure à 0,2 fois le pas Pr desdits plots (7), laquelle largeur moyenne Lp étant calculée sur la hauteur du plot (7).2. Vernier electrodynamic machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the average width Lp of the pads (7) of the rotor (4) is greater than 0.2 times the pitch Pr of said pads (7), which average width Lp being calculated on the height of the stud (7).
3. Machine électrodynamique Vernier selon la revend ication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les pas Ps et Pr sont choisis de telle sorte que : - un nombre entier Ns de dents (2) du stator (1) couvre sensiblement la même distance le long de l'axe de déplacement qu'un nombre entier Nr de plots (7) du rotor (4), et,3. Vernier electrodynamic machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the steps Ps and Pr are chosen such that: an integer Ns of teeth (2) of the stator (1) covers substantially the same distance along the axis of displacement as an integer Nr of studs (7) of the rotor (4), and
- la relation | Ns - Nr| = p est satisfaite.- the relationship | Ns - Nr | = p is satisfied.
4. Machine électrodynamique Vernier selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que Ns est supérieur à Nr (Ns > Nr).4. Vernier electrodynamic machine according to claim 3, characterized in that Ns is greater than Nr (Ns> Nr).
5. Machine électrodynamique Vernier selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la hauteur Hp des plots5. Vernier electrodynamic machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the height Hp of the pads
(7) du rotor (4) est sensiblement inférieure à la hauteur Ha des aimants (5) disposés dans les encoches.(7) of the rotor (4) is substantially less than the height Ha of the magnets (5) arranged in the notches.
6. Machine électrodynamiq ue Vernier selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les plots (7) du rotor (4) sont de forme sensiblement trapézoïdale, le sommet dudit plot (7) étant sensiblement plus étroit que sa base.6. Electrodynamic machine Vernier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pads (7) of the rotor (4) are substantially trapezoidal shape, the top of said pad (7) being substantially narrower than its base.
7. Machine électrodynamique Vernier selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que :7. Vernier electrodynamic machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that:
- les plots (7) du rotor (4) sont de forme sensiblement trapézoïdale, le sommet dudit plot (7) étant sensiblement plus large que sa base, etthe studs (7) of the rotor (4) are of substantially trapezoidal shape, the top of said stud (7) being substantially wider than its base, and
- les aimants (5) sont de forme sensiblement trapézoïdale, et sont retenus mécaniquement dans les encoches par un mode d'assemblage en queues d'aronde.- The magnets (5) are substantially trapezoidal shape, and are mechanically retained in the notches by a dovetail assembly mode.
8. Machine électrodynamiq ue Vernier selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que :8. Vernier electrodynamic machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that:
- le stator (1) et le rotor (4) sont de symétrie cylindrique, - le rotor (4) tourne sur son axe à l'intérieur du stator (1),the stator (1) and the rotor (4) are of cylindrical symmetry, the rotor (4) rotates on its axis inside the stator (1),
- le stator (1) comprend Ns dents (2) sur sa face intérieure et le rotor (4) comprend Nr plots (7) sur sa face extérieure.- The stator (1) comprises Ns teeth (2) on its inner face and the rotor (4) comprises Nr pads (7) on its outer face.
9. Machine électrodynamique Vernier selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que : - le stator (1) et le rotor (4) sont de symétrie cylindrique,9. Electrodynamic machine Vernier according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the stator (1) and the rotor (4) are of cylindrical symmetry,
- le rotor (4) tourne sur son axe à l'extérieur du stator (1),the rotor (4) rotates on its axis outside the stator (1),
- le stator (1) comprend Ns dents sur sa face extérieure et le rotor (4) comprend Nr plots (7) sur sa face intérieure.- The stator (1) comprises Ns teeth on its outer face and the rotor (4) comprises nr pads (7) on its inner face.
10. Machine électrodynamique Vernier selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que le rotor (4) est sensiblement en forme de disque, et tourne sur son axe face au stator (1).10. Vernier electrodynamic machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the rotor (4) is substantially disk-shaped, and rotates on its axis facing the stator (1).
11. Machine électrodynamique Vernier selon l'une quelconque des revend ications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce q ue le roto r (4) se déplace linéairement le long du stator (1).11. Vernier electrodynamic machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the roto r (4) moves linearly along the stator (1).
12. Machine électrodynamique Vernier se l o n l 'u n e q u el conque des revendications 8 à 11, caractérisée en ce que les bobinages électriques (11) du stator (1) sont de type réparti à pas diamétral.12. Vernier electrodynamic machine according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the electrical windings (11) of the stator (1) are of the diametral pitch type.
13. Machine électrodynamique Vernier selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 11, caractérisée en ce que les bobinages électriques (11) du stator (1) sont de type réparti à pas raccourci.13. Electrodynamic machine Vernier according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the electrical windings (11) of the stator (1) are of the type distributed at shortened pitch.
14. Machine électrodynamique Vernier selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 11, caractérisée en ce que les bobinages électriques (11) du stator (1) sont à pas dentaire.14. Electrodynamic machine Vernier according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the electrical windings (11) of the stator (1) are toothless.
15. Machine électrodynamique Vernier selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les bobinages électriques (11) du stator (1) sont alimentés par un système de tensions triphasées.15. Electrodynamic machine Vernier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical windings (11) of the stator (1) are fed by a system of three-phase voltages.
16. Mach i ne électrodynam iq ue Vern ier selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que chaque dent (2) du stator (1) est constituée d'un groupe de petites dents sensiblement équidistantes, la largeur dudit groupe étant égale à Ls. 16. Electrodynamic machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each tooth (2) of the stator (1) consists of a group of small teeth substantially equidistant, the width of said group being equal to Ls.
17. Machine électrodynamiq ue Vernier selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que chaque plot (7) du rotor (4) est constitué d'un groupe de petits plots sensiblement équidistants, la largeur dudit groupe étant égale à Lr. 17. Electrodynamic machine Vernier according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each pad (7) of the rotor (4) consists of a group of small pads substantially equidistant, the width of said group being equal to Lr.
EP10728776A 2009-05-18 2010-05-18 Vernier machine with inserted magnets Withdrawn EP2433349A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0953282A FR2945683B1 (en) 2009-05-18 2009-05-18 VERNIER MACHINE WITH INSERTED MAGNETS.
PCT/FR2010/050957 WO2010133796A1 (en) 2009-05-18 2010-05-18 Vernier machine with inserted magnets

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PL423608A1 (en) * 2017-11-25 2019-06-03 Joanna Paulina Sobolewska BLCLDC SH EXT Brushless Commutatorless Direct Current Motor

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Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL422728A1 (en) * 2017-09-02 2019-03-11 Natalia Julia Sobolewska BLCLDC T Brushless Commutatorless Direct Current Motor
PL422805A1 (en) * 2017-09-11 2019-03-25 Joanna Paulina Sobolewska BLCLDC SH Brushless Commutatorless Direct Current Motor
PL423608A1 (en) * 2017-11-25 2019-06-03 Joanna Paulina Sobolewska BLCLDC SH EXT Brushless Commutatorless Direct Current Motor

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