EP3571338B1 - Vorrichtung zur herstellung von einer hochvoluminösen vliesbahn, deren verwendung sowie die daraus erhältliche hochvoluminöse vliesbahn mit hervorragender rückgewinnung - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur herstellung von einer hochvoluminösen vliesbahn, deren verwendung sowie die daraus erhältliche hochvoluminöse vliesbahn mit hervorragender rückgewinnung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3571338B1
EP3571338B1 EP18703177.8A EP18703177A EP3571338B1 EP 3571338 B1 EP3571338 B1 EP 3571338B1 EP 18703177 A EP18703177 A EP 18703177A EP 3571338 B1 EP3571338 B1 EP 3571338B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
web
pair
fibers
high loft
nonwoven web
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EP18703177.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3571338A1 (de
Inventor
Douglas B. Brown
Jeffrey D. Stark
Mohammad A. Hassan
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Biax Fiberfilm Corp
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Biax Fiberfilm Corp
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Priority claimed from US15/412,670 external-priority patent/US10961644B2/en
Application filed by Biax Fiberfilm Corp filed Critical Biax Fiberfilm Corp
Publication of EP3571338A1 publication Critical patent/EP3571338A1/de
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/56—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus for manufacturing a high loft, non-woven web exhibiting excellent recovery, especially a web formed from a single polymer and using a single "Spun-blown ® " die, the according use of said apparatus, and the web obtained from said use.
  • polymeric fibers formed by spunbonding, meltblowing or by some other extrusion process are collected downstream from an emitter, such as a die with a plurality of nozzles, on a horizontal oriented conveyor belt.
  • an emitter such as a die with a plurality of nozzles
  • Such processes tends to produce two-dimensional web where the fibers are oriented in the x and y directions since they are laid down in a horizontal plane. There are few if any fibers within the formed web that are oriented in the z-direction. Because of this, the finished web tends to lack recovery once it is compressed. This presents an issue when such finished webs need to be rolled up or stacked for transport by truck or rail to a distance manufacturing facility. If the webs are compacted or compressed during shipment, they lack the ability to recovery to their original thickness.
  • the high loft, non-woven web can be formed from a single polymer and using a single "Spun-blown ® " die.
  • Document US 2015/0211158 A1 discloses a process for forming a high loft, nonwoven web exhibiting excellent recovery.
  • the process includes introducing a molten polymer to a die having a plurality of nozzles; emitting said molten polymer through said plurality of nozzles to form a plurality of filaments; using air streams to facilitate movement and drawing of said plurality of filaments; directing said filaments towards a pair of moving surfaces located at a distance of from between about 10 cm to about 150 cm from said plurality of nozzles, and said pair of moving surfaces forming a convergent passage having an entry and an exit; depositing said plurality of filaments into said entry of said convergent passage; routing said plurality of filaments through said convergent passage from said entry to said exit and between said pair of moving surfaces in a machine direction to form a 3-dimensional structure with said filaments transformed into fibers oriented in the x, y and z directions; and bonding said 3-dimensional structure to form a high loft, nonwoven
  • Document US 2015/0211159 A1 discloses an apparatus for making a high loft, nonwoven web exhibiting excellent recovery.
  • the apparatus a die having a plurality of nozzles each ejecting a filament, each of said plurality of nozzles having a distal end; a pair of moving surfaces located from between about 10 cm to about 150 cm of said distal end of each of said plurality of nozzles, said pair of moving surfaces forming a convergent passage having an entry and an exit; depositing means for depositing said plurality of filaments onto and between said pair of moving surfaces; routing means for causing said plurality of filaments to pass through said convergent passage in descending travel from said entry to said exit to form a 3-dimensional structure; and a bonder located downstream of and in vertically alignment with said pair of moving surfaces for bonding said 3-dimensional structure to create a high loft, nonwoven web.
  • Document US 2015/0211160 A1 discloses a high loft, nonwoven web exhibiting excellent recovery.
  • the nonwoven web has a three dimensional structure with fibers oriented in the x, y and z directions, said web having a thickness of less than about 250 millimeters and a basis weight ranging from between about 50 g/m 2 to about 3,000 g/m 2 , and a vertical cross-section of said web, when taken parallel to a machine direction, exhibiting a plurality of snugly stacked, approximately V, U or C-shaped structures, with each V, U or C-shaped structure having an apex facing in said machine direction, and said web having a recovery value ranging from between about 20% to about 99% after being compressed under a pressure of 1.7 kPa (0.25 psi) for a time period of 30 minutes.
  • this invention relates to an apparatus for making a high loft, non-woven web exhibiting excellent recovery.
  • the high loft, non-woven web produced using the apparatus according to the present invention is a 3-dimensional structure with fibers oriented in the x, y and z directions.
  • the high loft, non-woven web is produced from a single polypropylene polymer and can be constructed as a single layer or can be formed with two or more layers.
  • the high loft, non-woven web has a fiber size distribution of from 0 ⁇ m to about 15 ⁇ m with at least about 25% of the fibers being above 4 ⁇ m.
  • the high loft, non-woven web has a thickness of less than about 250 millimeters and a basis weight of from between about 20 g/m 2 to about 3,000 g/m 2 .
  • the high loft, non-woven web can be subjected to additional bonding using a thermal bonder, a chemical bonder, a hydro-mechanical bonder, a mechanical bonder, or be left unbonded.
  • a vertical cross-section of the web when taken parallel to its machine direction, exhibits two thin outer skins, each having a thickness of less than about 2.5 millimeters, with a plurality of snugly stacked, approximately V, U, or C-shaped structures formed therebetween.
  • Each of the approximately V, U, or C-shaped shaped structure has an apex facing in the machine direction.
  • the high loft, non-woven web has a recovery value of from between about 20% to about 99% after being compressed under a pressure of 1.7 kPa (0.25 psi) for a time period of 30 minutes.
  • An apparatus for producing the high loft, non-woven web includes a die having 2 to 20 rows of nozzles, with each row having a plurality of nozzles each emitting a filament, and each of the plurality of nozzles having a distal end.
  • plural of nozzles it is meant 3 or more nozzles.
  • a pair of moving surfaces is located from between about 10 cm to about 150 cm of the distal end of each of the plurality of nozzles.
  • a pair of heaters is also present with each heater being associated with one of the pair of moving surfaces. The pair of heaters is capable of heating the pair of moving surfaces to an elevated temperature below the melting temperature of the polypropylene polymer.
  • the pair of moving surfaces forms a convergent passage converging to a nip and having an entry that receives the filaments from the nozzles of the die and an exit that delivers the non-woven web downstream.
  • the apparatus also includes a mechanism for depositing the plurality of filaments onto and between the pair of heated moving surfaces.
  • the high loft, non-woven web producing using the above apparatus also has a wide fiber size distribution with the larger fibers providing the unique recovery value.
  • the use of the above apparatus in a process for forming a high loft, non-woven web is also taught, said web having a 3-dimensional structure with fibers oriented in the x, y and z directions.
  • the process includes the steps of introducing a molten polypropylene polymer to a die having multiple nozzles, for example, 2 to 20 rows of nozzles with each row containing a plurality of nozzles.
  • the molten polymer is emitted through the plurality of nozzles to form a plurality of filaments.
  • Air streams are then used to facilitate downward movement of the plurality of filaments.
  • the filaments are directed towards a pair of moving surfaces located at a distance of from between about 10 cm to about 150 cm from the plurality of nozzles.
  • a pair of heaters is also present with each heater being associated with one of the pair of moving surfaces.
  • the pair of heaters is capable of heating the pair of moving surfaces to an elevated temperature below the melting temperature of the polypropylene polymer.
  • the pair of moving surfaces forms a convergent passage having an entry and an exit.
  • the plurality of filaments is deposited into the entry of the convergent passage.
  • the plurality of filaments is then routed through the convergent passage in descending travel from the entry to the exit and between the pair of heated moving surfaces in a machine direction to form a 3-dimensional structure with the filaments transformed into fibers which are oriented in the x, y and z directions.
  • the 3-dimensional structure is immediately bonded upon contacting the heated moving surfaces to form a high loft, non-woven web having a thickness of less than about 250 millimeters and a basis weight ranging from between about 50 g/m 2 to about 3,000 g/m 2 .
  • a vertical cross-section of the high loft, non-woven web when taken parallel to its machine direction, exhibits two thin outer skins, each having a thickness of less than about 2.5 millimeters, with a plurality of snugly stacked, approximately V, U, or C-shaped structures formed therebetween. Each of the approximately V, U, or C-shaped structure having an apex facing in the machine direction.
  • the high loft, non-woven web has a recovery value ranging from between about 20% to about 99% after being compressed under a pressure of 1.7 kPa (0.25 psi) for a time period of 30 minutes.
  • the high loft, non-woven web also has a wide fiber size distribution of from 0 ⁇ m to about 15 ⁇ m with at least about 25% of said fibers being above 4 ⁇ m, with the larger fibers providing the unique recovery value.
  • An aspect of the invention relates to a high loft, nonwoven web which is obtained from the use of the above apparatus, as defined in appended claims 9-15.
  • the general object of this invention is to provide high loft, nonwoven web exhibiting excellent recovery such that it can be compactly shipped without losing any material properties.
  • a more specific object of this invention is to provide high loft, nonwoven web with good thermal insulation and/or acoustical insulation values and having a fiber size distribution of from 0 ⁇ m to about 15 ⁇ m with at least about 25% of said fibers being above 4 ⁇ m.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide high loft, nonwoven web which can be used in the bedding, upholstery, filtration, foam replacement materials, and products utilizing cushioning materials.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a high loft, nonwoven web exhibiting from between about 20% to about 99% recovery after compression, and such web exhibits a high porosity.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a high loft, nonwoven web exhibiting from between about 30% to about 98% recovery after compression and having a fiber size distribution of from 0 ⁇ m to about 8 ⁇ m with at least about 20% of said fibers being above 4.5 ⁇ m.
  • an object of this invention is to provide a high loft, nonwoven web exhibiting from between about 40% to about 97% recovery after compression.
  • a high loft, non-woven web 10 is shown.
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10 is formed from a single polymer, namely polypropylene.
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10 can contain two or more layers with each layer formed from a single polymer.
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10 is a 3-dimensional structure with a plurality of fibers 12 oriented in the x, y and z directions.
  • X--X represents the longitudinal central axis
  • Y--Y represents the vertical central axis
  • ZZ represents the transverse central axis.
  • 'web it is meant a fabric or material manufactured in sheet form.
  • high loft it is meant a low density, fibrous web characterized by a high ratio of thickness to weight per unit area.
  • the fibers in the web 10 are continuous and some of the fibers 12 are bonded.
  • a high loft, non-woven web has from between about 2% to about 50% solids by volume.
  • non-woven it is meant a web, sheet or batt of natural and/or man-made fibers or filaments (excluding paper) that have not been converted into yarns, and that are bonded to each other by thermal, chemical, mechanical, hydro-mechanical, or by some other means known to those skilled in the art.
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10 is formed solely from polypropylene fibers. More desirably, the high loft, non-woven web 10 is formed from 100% polypropylene fibers. Most desirably, the high loft, non-woven web 10 is formed from Biax's Spun-blown ® polypropylene fibers.
  • the word "Spun-blown” is a registered trademark of Biax-Fiberfilm Corporation having an office at N1001 Tower View Drive, Greenville, WI 54942.
  • U.S. Patent 7,476,632 B2 issued Jan. 13, 2009, to Olson et al . is one example of a fibrous non-woven web which requires staple fibers in order to exhibit loft and recovery.
  • the present invention does not use staple fibers.
  • Some commonly known technologies which can be used to form high loft, non-woven webs include, but are not limited to spinning processes such as: meltblowing, spunbond, spunmelt, solution blowing, electrospinning.
  • spinning processes such as: meltblowing, spunbond, spunmelt, solution blowing, electrospinning.
  • meltblowing spunbond
  • spunmelt spunmelt
  • solution blowing electrospinning.
  • these other processes do not provide the desired wide fiber size distribution useful in the recovery with good acoustical properties all out of a single die, as the Spun-blown ® die exhibits.
  • spunbond it is meant a process for producing a strong, fibrous non-woven webs directly from thermoplastic polymers by attenuating the spun filaments using low temperature, high speed air, while quenching the fibers near the spinnerette face. Individual fibers are then laid down randomly on a collection belt and are then conveyed to a bonder. The bonder gives the web strength and integrity. Fiber size is usually below 250 ⁇ m, the average fiber size is in the range of from between about 10 microns to about 50 microns, and the fibers are very strong compared to meltblown fibers because of the molecular chain alignment that is achieved during the attenuating of the crystallized (solidified) filaments.
  • a typical spunbond die has multiple rows of polymer nozzle holes.
  • spunmelt it is meant a process where fibers are spun from molten polymers through a plurality of nozzles located in a die head connected to one or more extruders.
  • a spunmelt process may include meltblowing and/or spunbonding.
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10 can be constructed as a single layer 14 of material.
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10 can be formed using equipment where air is used to facilitate movement and drawing of the molten polymer through 2 to 20 rows of nozzles. Each row contains a plurality of nozzles with each nozzle ejecting, emitting or extruding a filament.
  • the filaments are formed from a single polypropylene polymer.
  • plurality of nozzles it is meant 3 or more nozzles.
  • the non-woven web 10 has two thin outer skins 13 and 15. Each of the two thin outer skins 13 and 15 can vary in dimension. Each of the two thin outer skins 13 and 15 are less than about 2.5 millimeters (mm) in thickness. More desirably, each of the two thin outer skins 13 and 15 ranges from between about 0.25 mm to about 2.5 mm.
  • the two thin outer skins 13 and 15 function to retain the approximately V, U, or C-shaped fibrous structure therebetween.
  • the V, U, or C-shaped fibers provide the recovery feature of this invention since they act as springs and can return to or near their original position after being squeezed or compressed.
  • the V, U, or C-shaped fibers are not bonded like the fibers which form the two thin outer skins 13 and 15.
  • the two thin outer skins 13 and 15 are formed as the polymer contacts the heated moving surfaces, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • the two thin outer skins 13 and 15 eliminate the need to further form or attach an outer skin to the non-woven web 10 to provide for abrasion resistance and or acoustical enhancements.
  • the V, U, or C-shaped fibers, located between the two thin outer skins 13 and 15, exhibit a wide fiber size distribution wherein the thicker fibers act as the springs to provide recovery, while the finer fibers provide the non-woven web 10 with superior sound absorbing properties.
  • the finer fibers (percentage wise) are concentrated in the middle or center of the non-woven web 10.
  • At least about 50% of the fine fibers are located in the middle of the non-woven web 10. More desirably, at least about 55% of the fine fibers are located in the middle of the non-woven web 10. Even more desirably, at least about 60% of the fine fibers are located in the middle of the non-woven web 10. Most desirably, at least about 65% of the fine fibers are located in the middle of the non-woven web 10.
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10' is formed with two separate and distinct layers, 14 and 16. Each layer 14 and 16 has its own two outer skins 13 and 15.
  • the web 10" is formed with three separate and distinct layers 18, 20 and 22. Each of the three layers 18, 20 and 22 has its own two outer skins 13 and 15.
  • the web 10" contains multiple layers. By “multiple layers” it is meant 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or more separate and distinct layers. Some of the layers can be similar and/or identical in composition and characteristics to another layer, while one or more layers can vary in composition and/or characteristics from one or more of the remaining layers. It should be understood that the web 10 consisting of a single layer 14, the web 10' consisting of two layers 14 and 16, or the web 10" consisting of three layers 18, 20 and 22, can be bonded to provide additional strength and integrity.
  • the web 10' is a two layer embodiment having an upper layer 14 and a lower layer 16.
  • the web 10" is a three layer embodiment having an upper layer 18, a middle layer 20 and a lower layer 22.
  • each layer can vary in the type of polymer it is made from.
  • the characteristics of a given layer can vary.
  • the thickness of each layer in the web 10" can also vary.
  • the layers can be of the same thickness or one or more of the layers can be of a different thickness.
  • the density of each layer in the web 10" can also vary or be the same.
  • the basis weight of each layer in the web 10" can also vary or be the same.
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10 is depicted as a single layer structure formed from a single polymer.
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10 has a thickness t which can vary in dimensions.
  • the thickness t of the high loft, non-woven web is less than about 250 millimeters. More desirably, the thickness t of the high loft, non-woven web 10 is less than about 200 mm. Even more desirably, the thickness t of the high loft, non-woven web 10 is less than about 100 mm. Most desirably, the thickness t of the high loft, non-woven web 10 is less than about 50 mm.
  • the overall thickness of the web 10' or 10 can double, triple, etc. depending upon how many layers are present.
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10 can be formed with different basis weights. Generally, the basis weight of the high loft, non-woven web 10 ranges from between about grams per square meter (g/m 2 ) to about 3,000 Desirably, the basis weight of the high loft, non-woven web 10 is less than about 600 g/m 2 .
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10 can also vary in density. Generally, the high loft, non-woven web 10 has a density ranging from between about 10 kilograms per cubic meters (kg/m 3 ) to about 250 kg/m 3 . Desirably, the high loft, non-woven web 10 has a density ranging from between about 20 kg/m 3 to about 200 kg/m 3 . More desirably, the high loft, non-woven web 10 has a density ranging from between about 30 kg/m 3 to about 150 kg/m 3 . Even more desirably, the high loft, non-woven web 10 has a density ranging from between about 50 kg/m 3 to about 100 kg/m 3 .
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10 can be formed from polypropylene having a melt flow rate ranging from between about 4 g/10 min. to about 6,000 g/10 min at a temperature of 230°C and at a pressure of 2.16 kg according to the teachings of ASTM D 1238 testing method.
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10 can be formed from polypropylene having a melt flow rate ranging from between about 10 g/10 min. to about 2,500 g/10 min at a temperature of 230°C and at a pressure of 2.16 kg. More desirably, the high loft, non-woven web 10 can be formed from polypropylene having a melt flow rate ranging from between about 20 g/10 min.
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10 can be formed from polypropylene having a melt flow rate ranging from between about 35 g/10 min. to about 800 g/10 min at a temperature of 230°C and at a pressure of 2.16 kg.
  • the approximately V or U shaped structure is rotated 90 degrees to a horizontal orientation with the apex of each facing to the right.
  • the C-shaped structure is reversed in position so that the apex of each faces to the right.
  • This unique structure occurs because of the way the fibers 12 are laid down during formation.
  • This unique structure is important for it gives the high loft, non-woven web 10 a very high recovery value.
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10 has a recovery value ranging from between about 20% to about 99% after being compressed under a pressure of 1.7 kPa (0.25 psi) for a time period of 30 minutes, according to the guidelines of the INDA Standard Test Method (IST 120.2 (01)).
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10 has a recovery value ranging from between about 30% to about 98% according to the guidelines of the 1ST 120.2 (01). More desirably, the high loft, non-woven web 10 has a recovery value ranging from between about 40% to about 97% according to the guidelines of the 1ST 120.2 (01). Even more desirably, the high loft, non-woven web 10 has a recovery value ranging from between about 50% to about 96% according to the guidelines of the 1ST 120.2 (01).
  • each of the two layers of the web 10' see Fig. 3
  • each of the three layers of the web 10" see Fig. 4
  • This kind of comingled high loft structure could have different fiber size, different polymeric materials, and/or different fiber cross-section.
  • the two layered web 10' has a 3-dimensional structure with fibers oriented in the x, y and z directions.
  • This two layer web 10' has a thickness t 1 of from between about 5 millimeters to less than about 250 millimeters and a basis weight of from between about 50 g/m 2 to about 2,000 g/m 2 .
  • the two layered web 10' does not have to be subjected to additional bonding but desirably is thermally or chemically bonded. Alternatively, the web 10' could be mechanically or hydro-mechanically bonded.
  • the two layers 14 and 16 can be of the same thickness or have a different thickness.
  • Each of the two layers, 14 and 16 exhibits a vertical cross-section, when taken parallel to the machine direction (MD) during manufacture of the two layered web 10', which exhibits a plurality of snugly stacked, approximately V, U or C-shaped structures 24.
  • Each of the approximately V, U or C-shaped structures 24 has an apex 26 facing in the machine direction (MD).
  • the two layered web 10' has a recovery value of from between about 20% to about 99% after being compressed under a pressure of 1.7 kPa (0.25 psi) for a time period of 30 minutes according to the guidelines of the 1ST 120.2 (01). Desirably, the two layered web 10' has a recovery value ranging from between about 30% to about 98% according to the guidelines of the 1ST 120.2 (01). More desirably, the two layered web 10' has a recovery value ranging from between about 40% to about 97% according to the guidelines of the 1ST 120.2 (01). Even more desirably, the two layered web 10' has a recovery value ranging from between about 50% to about 96% according to the guidelines of the 1ST 120.2 (01).
  • the two layer web 10' can be formed as two separate layers 14 and 16 from comingled fibrous materials where each layer has a different fiber size, is formed from a different material, has different fiber cross-sections, has a different thickness, etc.
  • the two layered web 10' could be laminated to one or more layers.
  • the additional layers could be a thermoplastic film, a film, another non-woven material, paper, cardboard, etc.
  • the three layered web 10" has a 3-dimensional structure with fibers oriented in the x, y and z directions.
  • This three layer web 10" has a thickness t 2 of from between about 5 millimeters to less than about 250 millimeters and a basis weight of from between about 50 g/m 2 to about 2,000 g/m 2 .
  • the three layered web 10" does not have to be subjected to additional bonding but desirably is thermally or chemically bonded. Alternatively, the web 10" could be mechanically or hydro-mechanically bonded.
  • the three layers 18, 20 and 22 can be of the same thickness or have a different thickness.
  • Each of the three layers, 18, 20 and 22 exhibits a vertical cross-section, when taken parallel to the machine direction (MD) during manufacture of the web 10", which exhibits a plurality of snugly stacked, approximately V, U or C-shaped structures 24.
  • Each of the approximately V, U or C-shaped structures 24 has an apex 26 facing in the machine direction (MD).
  • the three layered web 10" has a recovery value of from between about 20% to about 99% after being compressed under a pressure of 1.7 kPa (0.25 psi) for a time period of 30 minutes according to 1ST 120.2 (01). Desirably, the three layered web 10 has a recovery value ranging from between about 30% to about 98% according to 1ST 120.2 (01). More desirably, the three layered web 10 has a recovery value ranging from between about 40% to about 97% according to 1ST 120.2 (01). Even more desirably, the three layered web 10 has a recovery value ranging from between about 50% to about 96% according to 1ST 120.2 (01).
  • an additive can be incorporated into the high loft, non-woven web 10, 10' or 10".
  • the additive (not shown) can be applied to the high loft, non-woven web 10, 10' or 10" during manufacture.
  • the additive can be applied in various ways, including but not limited to: being sprayed on, being sprinkled on, being extruded, being combined with, being painted on, being immersed, etc.
  • the additive can be a gas, a liquid, a solid or a semi-solid.
  • the additive can be selected from the group consisting of: a superabsorbent, absorbent particles, polymers, nanoparticles, abrasive particulars, active particles, active compounds, ion exchange resins, zeolites, softening agents, plasticizers, ceramic particles pigments, dyes, flavorants, aromas, controlled release vesicles, binders, adhesives, tackifiers, surface modification agents, lubricating agents, emulsifiers, vitamins, peroxides, antimicrobials, deodorizers, fire retardants, flame retardants, antifoaming agents, anti-static agents, biocides, antifungals, degradation agents, stabilizing agents, conductivity modifying agents, or any combination thereof.
  • FIG. 5 an alternative embodiment of high loft, non-woven web 11 is shown having been formed as a single layer 14 with two major surfaces, 28 and 30.
  • the two major surfaces, 28 and 30, are aligned opposite to one another.
  • the two major surfaces include an upper surface 28 and a lower surface 30.
  • two major surfaces it is meant the two surfaces 28 and 30 of the web 11 which have the greatest surface area.
  • the web 11 has two major surfaces, 28 and 30, and both of these major surfaces 28 and 30 are textured.
  • textured it is meant a rough or grainy surface quality, as opposed to being smooth. The texture can be formed various ways during processing of the web 11.
  • a plurality of protuberances 32 extends upward from the upper surface 28 and downward from the lower surface 30.
  • protuberance it is meant a bulge, knob or swelling that protrudes outward.
  • indentations, cavities or depressions could be formed in the upper and/or lower surfaces, 28 and 30 respectively, to obtain a similar textured effect.
  • at least one of the two major surfaces, 28 and 30 of the web 11 is textured. More desirably, both of the two major surfaces, 28 and 30 of a web 11 are textured.
  • the two major surfaces, 28 and 30 can have a thickness as was explained above with reference to the outer skins 13 and 15.
  • sample S-1 was produced using a Biax multi-row spinnerette design that did not have air insulation inserts or an air shrouding curtain surrounding the periphery of the nozzles 38.
  • Sample S-2 was produced using a conventional meltblown process which had only one line of nozzles along with inclined air jets.
  • Sample S-3 was produced using the inventive process.
  • sample S-3 achieved almost double the machine direction (MD) tensile strength as compared to sample S-1 or sample S-2. Also, one will notice that the fiber diameter of sample S-3 was slightly larger than the fiber diameter of the conventional meltblown sample S-2.
  • the primary reason for this difference in diameter is that when using the inventive process, the colder air temperature in the annular channels is directed essentially parallel to the direction of flow of the filaments 40 in a multi-row fashion.
  • colder gas air
  • one can increase fiber crystallinity and align the molecular chains inside the solidified fibers. This feature facilitates attenuation of the filaments 40 into strong, fine fibers.
  • the attenuating air is introduced at a steep or inclined angle, using hot air jets.
  • Fig. 9 another interesting feature of the non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 manufactured according to this invention is a wide "fiber size distribution".
  • the fiber size distribution shown in the lower graph of Fig. 9 , ranges from between about 0 ⁇ m and about 15 ⁇ m. Desirably, the fiber size distribution ranges from 0 ⁇ m and about 8 ⁇ m.
  • Our wide fiber size distribution includes fibers having a fiber size of from about 3 ⁇ m to about 7.5 ⁇ m. More desirably, our wide fiber size distribution includes fibers having a fiber size of from about 4 ⁇ m to about 7.5 ⁇ m. Furthermore, our wide fiber size distribution includes fibers having a fiber size of from about 5 ⁇ m to about 7.5 ⁇ m. Still further, our wide fiber size distribution includes fibers having a fiber size of from about 6 ⁇ m to about 7.5 ⁇ m.
  • the lower graph in Fig. 9 also shows that in our invention, at least about 25% of the fibers are above 4 ⁇ m. Desirably, at least about 20% of the fibers are above 4.5 ⁇ m. More desirably, at least about 15% of the fibers are above 5 ⁇ m. Still more desirably, at least about 10% of the fibers are above 5.5 ⁇ m. Most desirably, at least about 5% of the fibers are above 6 ⁇ m.
  • Webs formed from conventional meltblown processes have a "fiber size distribution", shown in the upper graph of Fig. 9 , which range from between about 0.5 to about 6, and 85% are between 0.5 and 2.5. This would be considered a "tight" or normal fiber size distribution.
  • a "fiber size distribution” When one compares our inventive "fiber size distribution” to the "fiber size distribution" of a non-woven web produced using a conventional meltblown process, it is very clear that the standard deviation values and the "fiber size distribution" are very different.
  • the main reason for this wide "fiber size distribution" in our apparatus 34, 34' or 34" is the use of a multi-row spinnerette design.
  • the spinnerette can utilize from 2 to 20 rows of nozzles 38.
  • the filaments 40 exiting the nozzles 38, located within the periphery of multi-row spinnerette, are not exposed to the surrounding ambient air and a quick quench time, and therefore these filaments 40 tend to stay hotter longer and thereby produce finer fibers than the filaments 40 that are extruded from nozzles 38 located in the outside rows of a spinnerette body.
  • an air curtain or shroud can be formed around the plurality of extruded filaments. This air curtain or shroud delays the interaction of the surrounding ambient air with the extruded filaments 40.
  • the fibers in the non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 can have a Standard Deviation of from between about 0.9 microns to about 5 microns. Desirably, the fibers in the non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 have a Standard Deviation of from between about 0.92 microns to about 3 microns. More desirably, the fibers in the non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 have a Standard Deviation of from between about 0.95 microns to about 1.6 microns.
  • the machine direction (MD) tensile strength of the non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 of this invention was more than double the machine direction (MD) tensile strength of the meltblown web sample S-4, and almost half the machine direction (MD) tensile strength of the spunbond web sample S-6.
  • Another noticeable feature was that the extensibility of the non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 of this invention (sample S-5) was almost triple the extensibility of the meltblown web sample S-4, and similar to the extensibility of the spunbond web sample S-6.
  • a non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 made using our inventive apparatus and process is unique and has properties that are about half-way between the properties exhibited by a non-woven web made using a conventional meltblown process, or a non-woven web made using a conventional spunbond process.
  • the apparatus 34, 34' or 34" of this invention is flexible and versatile enough to use a wide variety of polymeric resins to produce a wide range of non-woven webs.
  • the apparatus 34, 34' or 34" can be operated using meltblown grade resins and well as spunbond grade resins. Table 2: Samples performance of Example 2 Sample Fiber Size.
  • an apparatus 34 is shown for producing a high loft, non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11.
  • the apparatus 34 is shown being oriented in a horizontal configuration, although it could be arranged vertically or at some other angle relative to the vertical axis.
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 has a 3-dimensional structure with fibers oriented in the x, y and z directions.
  • the apparatus 34 can be connected, attached or secured to an extruder (not shown). Various types and kinds of extruders are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the apparatus 34 includes a die 36 having from 2 to 20 rows of nozzles 38. Alternatively, two or more dies 36 can be used. Each row contains a plurality of nozzles 38.
  • the plurality of nozzles 38 can be arranged in rows and the nozzles 38 in one row can be offset from the nozzles 38 in an adjacent row. Alternatively, the nozzles 38 in one row can be aligned parallel with the nozzles 38 in an adjacent row.
  • Each of the plurality of nozzles 38 emits, ejects or extrudes a filament 40.
  • Each of the plurality of nozzles 38 has a distal end 42.
  • the filament 40 can be formed from a single polymer.
  • the apparatus 34 can use air or gas to facilitate movement and drawing of the molten polymer from the plurality of nozzles 38 into a plurality of filaments 40.
  • the polymer is solely polypropylene. More desirably, the polymer is 100% polypropylene.
  • a pair of moving surfaces 44 and 46 is located from between about 10 centimeters (cm) to about 150 cm of the distal end 42 of each of the plurality of nozzles 38.
  • the pair of moving surfaces 44 and 46 can be a first rotatable drum 48 and a second rotatable drum 50, as is shown in Fig. 7 .
  • the pair of moving surfaces, 44 and 46 can be a first conveyor belt 52 and a second conveyor belt 54, as is shown in Fig. 8 .
  • Other forms of moving surfaces, 44 and 46 known to those skilled in the art can also be employed.
  • first drum 48 rotates counterclockwise while the second drum 50 rotates clockwise. This specific rotation will cause the plurality of continuous filaments 40 to move in the machine direction (MD) away from the plurality of nozzles 38.
  • the speed of the first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively can vary. Desirably, each of the first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively, will rotate at the same speed. Alternatively, one of the first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively, could rotate at a different speed than the other drum.
  • the speed of the first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively, should be adjusted according to the basis weight of the material that is being produced, the thickness of the desired web 10, the kind of polymer being extruded, the polymer throughput through the plurality of nozzles 38, etc.
  • a unique aspect of this invention is that the pair of moving surfaces 44 and 46 is heated to an elevated temperature by a pair of heaters 45 or 47.
  • a heater 45 is associated with the first rotatable drum 48 or the first conveyor belt 52, and another heater 47 is associated with the second rotatable drum 50 or the second conveyor belt 54.
  • Each of the pair of heaters 45 and 47 can vary in size, construction, shape, etc.
  • the heaters 45 and 47 can vary in design.
  • the heaters 45 and 47 can be infrared heaters, gas heaters, thermal heaters or any other kinds of heaters known to those skilled in the art.
  • the heaters 45 and 47 can be located on either side of the pair of moving surfaces 44 and 46. As shown, the pair of heaters 45 and 47 is located on the outside of the first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively. Alternatively, the pair of heaters 45 and 47 could be located within each of the first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively. Likewise, the pair of heaters 45 and 47 could be located on either side of the first and second conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively.
  • the pair of heaters 45 and 47 should be located within about a foot or less from the pair of moving surfaces 44 and 46.
  • the pair of heaters 45 and 47 can operate at different temperatures but need to be able to heat the pair of moving surfaces 44 and 46 to an elevated temperature.
  • the elevated temperature should be below the melting temperature of the polymer being extruded.
  • the melting temperature of various polymers will differ.
  • the pair of heaters 45 and 47 should warm up the moving surfaces 44 and 46 before the filaments 40 are deposited onto or between the moving surfaces 44 and 46.
  • the elevated temperature of the pair of moving surfaces 44 and 46 should be less than the melting temperature of the polymer.
  • Polypropylene has a melting temperature in the range of from between about 149°C (300°F) to about 171°C (340°F). Therefore, the elevated temperature of each of the pair of moving surfaces 44 and 46, for example, the first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively, or each of the first and second conveyors belts, 52 and 52 respectively, should be less than the melting temperature of the polymer.
  • the moving surfaces 44 and 46 can be heated to a temperature which is about 5.6°C (10°F) less than the melting temperature of the polymer.
  • the moving surfaces 44 and 46 can be heated to a temperature which is about 11°C (20°F) less than the melting temperature of the polymer. More desirably, the moving surfaces 44 and 46 can be heated to a temperature which is about 17°C (30°F) less than the melting temperature of the polymer. Most desirably, the moving surfaces 44 and 46 can be heated to a temperature which is about 22°C (40°F) less than the melting temperature of the polymer.
  • the elevated temperature of each of the pair of moving surfaces 44 and 46 could range from between about 82°C (180°F) to about 149°C (300°F). More desirably, the elevated temperature of each of the pair of moving surfaces 44 and 46 could range from between about 82°C (180°F) to about 135°C (275°F). Even more desirably, the elevated temperature of each of the pair of moving surfaces 44 and 46 could range from between about 82°C (180°F) to about 121°C (250°F). Still more desirably, the elevated temperature of each of the pair of moving surfaces 44 and 46 could range from between about 82°C (180°F) to about 107°C (225°F).
  • the metal belts could be ferrous or non-ferrous.
  • the metal belts could contain a plurality of apertures, openings or holes arranged in a predetermined pattern or could be randomly arranged. The size and shape of the apertures, openings or holes can vary.
  • each of the first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively can be equipped with a vacuum chamber, if desired. It is advantageous to heat the outer peripheries of the first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively; so that the incoming filaments 40 will more readily form onto them.
  • the open mesh design of a wire, screen or a metal belt containing apertures, openings or holes can form a specific texture or pattern onto the outer surfaces of the high loft, non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 that is being produced.
  • Such texture or pattern may enhance the sound insulation and/or thermal absorption properties of the finished web 10, 10', 10" or 11. This is an important attribute when the finished high loft, non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 is to be used for sound and/or thermal insulation purposes.
  • each of the first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively has a central axis 56 and 58, respectively.
  • each of the central axes 56 and 58 are aligned on a common horizontal plane, designated X 1 --X 1 .
  • a vertical distance measured from the distal end 42 of each nozzle 38 perpendicular to the horizontal plane X 1 --X 1 established a Die-to-Collector Distance (DCD).
  • DCD Die-to-Collector Distance
  • This DCD distance can range from between about 10 cm to about 150 cm. Desirably, the DCD distance is less than about 100 cm. More desirably, the DCD distance is less than about 90 cm. Even more desirably, the DCD distance is less than about 80 cm.
  • the DCD distance is less than about 60 cm.
  • the exact DCD distance is dependent upon a number of factors including but not limited to: the melt temperature of the polymer being extruded the polymer throughput through the plurality of nozzles 38, etc. However, it has been found through experimentation, that the closer the moving surfaces 44 and 46 are located from the distal end 42 of each of the plurality of nozzles 38, the better the recovery value of the manufactured high loft, non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 is after compression. When the DCD distance ranges from between about 20 cm to about 75 cm, a high loft, non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 can be manufactured with a good recovery value after compression.
  • the outer peripheries of the first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively, are spaced apart from one another thereby creating a convergence passage 60.
  • convergent passage it is meant a point of converging, to approach a point.
  • This converging passage 60 narrows down to a dimension equal to a nip 62 established between the first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively.
  • the nip 62 can vary in dimension.
  • the first and second rotating drums, 48 and 50 respectively, should be mounted such that the dimension of the nip 62 established therebetween can be easily adjusted. Generally, the nip 62 can range from between about 0.5 cm to about 25 cm.
  • the rotational movement of the first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively, will cause some of the plurality of filaments 40 to temporarily contact the outer peripheries of the first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively. These filaments 40 will be compressed against the remaining filaments 40 passing through the nip 62 to create a high loft non-woven web 10. It should be understood that the elevated temperature of the molten filaments 40, together with the elevated temperature of the pair of moving surfaces 44 and 46, will cause the filaments 40 which are situated on the major surfaces 28 and 30, see Figs. 5 and 6 , of the web 10, 10', 10" or 11 to fuse together and form outer skins 13 and 15, see Fig. 1 .
  • the outer skins 13 and 15 will allow the fibers 12 positioned there between to act as springs and provide the recovery feature to the non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 after it is squeezed or compressed.
  • the non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 exhibits an excellent recovery value because a majority of the fibers 12 located in the middle of the non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 will not be bonded to one another.
  • Patent 7,476,632 B2 issued Jan. 13, 2009, to Olson et al . teaches a "Fibrous Nonwoven Web" having a mass of directly formed fibers disposed within the web in a C-shaped configuration and staple fibers having a crimp of at least 15% randomly and thoroughly dispersed among the directly formed fibers.
  • the staple fibers give the web a lofty and resilient structure.
  • no one has been able to manufacture a non-woven web having excellent recovery values from a single polymer.
  • the high loft non-woven web 10 is advanced in a machine direction (MD), horizontally to the right.
  • gravity can be used to control the direction of advancement.
  • a conveyor belt 70 can be utilized.
  • the conveyor belt 70 can be constructed with a screen having a porous or open pattern to allow heat to pass therethrough freely.
  • the conveyor belt 70 can move in a given direction over a plurality of rollers 72.
  • rollers 72 are depicted in Fig. 7 , although any number of rollers 72 can be utilized.
  • One of the rollers 72 is the drive roller and the remaining rollers 72, 72 and 72 are idler or follower rollers.
  • the conveyor belt 70 makes a continuous loop and is illustrated moving in a clockwise direction so as to advance the high loft non-woven web 10 in the machine direction (MD).
  • the conveyor belt 70 is shown being positioned on the left side of the high loft non-woven web 10.
  • the conveyor belt 70 could be positioned on the opposite side of the high loft non-woven web 10, if desired.
  • two conveyor belt 70, 70 could be employed, one being positioned on each side of the high loft non-woven web 10.
  • high loft, non-woven webs 10 can be formed from certain materials and for certain uses, wherein bonding is not necessary. However, for some high loft, non-woven webs 10, it may be advantageous to subject the high loft non-woven web 10 to an additional bonding process. Additional bonding generally imparts extra strength and integrity into the finished web 10. Various bonding techniques can be utilized. A single bonder or a pair of oppositely aligned bonders can be utilized.
  • a bonder 74 is shown located downstream of and in vertically alignment with the pair of moving surfaces 44 and 46 for bonding the high loft non-woven web 10.
  • the bonder 74 is located such that the high loft non-woven web 10 passes therethrough.
  • the bonder 74 can be a thermal bonder, such as: a through air bonder or an oven bonder.
  • a thermal bonder can function by creating heat.
  • the heat can be created by a heated fluid, such as gases or liquid, heating a solid, such as coal, heating inert gases, using steam, using secondary radiation from nanoparticles, using infrared heat, etc.
  • the bonder 74 itself can include a furnace, an oven, thermoelectric elements, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • the bonder 74 can be a chemical bonder, a mechanical bonder, a hydro-mechanical bonder, needle bonder, a wet bonder, etc.
  • the apparatus 34 may further include one or more dispensing mechanisms 76 and 78 for adding chemical binders, or dispensing one or more additives 80 to the high loft, non-woven web 10.
  • dispensing mechanisms 76 and 78 are illustrated in Fig. 7 .
  • Chemical bonding system can be utilized instead of the thermal bonding systems.
  • Chemical binders may impart some new features to the web such as different surface chemistry, more stiffness or roughness.
  • the exact number of dispensing mechanisms can vary.
  • one or two dispensing mechanisms 76 or 78 are utilized to add one or more additives to the high loft, non-woven web 10.
  • the additive 80 can be any of those described above, as well as others known to those skilled in the art.
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10 could also be partially or fully immersed in a liquid solution containing an additive 80.
  • the liquid solution could be chemically or electrically charged so as to cause the additive 80 to better adhere to the high loft, non-woven web 10.
  • the apparatus 34 may also include a conditioning unit 82 situated downstream from the last dispensing mechanism 76 or 78.
  • the conditioning unit 82 can vary in design and function.
  • the conditioning unit 82 could be a dryer that can remove moisture from the web 10 by utilizing heat or some other process when the high loft, non-woven web 10 has to be dried.
  • the conditioning unit 82 could be a cooler that could blow cool air onto the high loft, non-woven web 10 and reduce its temperature.
  • the conditioning unit 82 could perform some other function, for example embossing the web 10, printing the web 10, combining the high loft, non-woven web 10 with another layer, etc. Dryers and coolers are appliances well known to those skilled in the art.
  • FIG. 8 another embodiment of an apparatus 34' is depicted wherein the pair of moving surfaces 44 and 46 is shown as a first conveyor belt 52 and a second conveyor belt 54.
  • the orientation of the apparatus 34' is vertical although other orientations could also be employed.
  • the first conveyor belt 52 moves in a counterclockwise direction while the second conveyor belt 54 moves in a clockwise direction.
  • This arrangement causes the plurality of filaments 40 emitted, ejected or extruded from the plurality of nozzles 38 to move vertically downward in a machine direction (MD).
  • MD machine direction
  • the first and second conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively can run at various speeds. Desirably, the first and second conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively, will run at the same speed.
  • a pair of heaters 45 and 47 is used to elevate the temperature of the first and second conveyor belts 52 and 54.
  • the heater 45 is associated with and positioned adjacent to the first conveyor belt 52
  • the other heater 47 is associated with and positioned adjacent to the second conveyor belt 54.
  • Each of the pair of heaters 45 and 47 can vary in size, construction, shape, etc.
  • the heaters 45 and 47 can vary in design.
  • the heaters 45 and 47 can be infrared heaters, gas heaters, thermal heaters or any other kinds of heaters known to those skilled in the art. By "infrared” it is meant of or relating to the range of invisible radiation wavelengths from about 750 nanometers, just longer than red in the visible spectrum, to 1 millimeter, on the border of the microwave region.
  • the heaters 45 and 47 should be located within about a foot or less from each of the first and second conveyor belts 52 and 54.
  • the heaters 45 and 47 can operate at different temperatures but need to be able to heat the first and second conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively, to an elevated temperature which is below the melting temperature of the polymer. Therefore, the elevated temperature of each of the first and second conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively, should be less than the melting temperature of the polymer.
  • the first and second conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively can be heated to a temperature which is about 5.6°C (10°F) less than the melting temperature of the polymer.
  • the first and second conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively can be heated to a temperature which is about 11°C (20°F) less than the melting temperature of the polymer. More desirably, the first and second conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively, can be heated to a temperature which is about 17°C (30°F) less than the melting temperature of the polymer. Most desirably, the first and second conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively, can be heated to a temperature which is about 22°C (40°F) less than the melting temperature of the polymer.
  • the elevated temperature of the first and second conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively should be less than the melting temperature of the polymer.
  • Polypropylene has a melting temperature in the range of from between about 149°C (300°F) to about 171°C (340°F). Therefore, the elevated temperature of each of the first and second conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively, should be less than the melting temperature of the polymer. Desirably, the elevated temperature of each of the first and second conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively, should range from between about 82°C (180°F) to about 149°C (300°F).
  • the elevated temperature of each of the first and second conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively should range from between about 82°C (180°F) to about 135°C (275°F). Even more desirably, the elevated temperature of each of the first and second conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively, should range from between about 82°C (180°F) to about 121°C (250°F). Still more desirably, the elevated temperature of each of the first and second conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively, should range from between about 82°C (180°F) to about 107°C (225°F).
  • the first and second conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively, converge toward one another at a point located farthest away from the distal end 42 of each of said plurality of nozzles 38.
  • An opening 55 equivalent to the nip 62, is present between the first and second conveyor belts 52 and 54 respectively.
  • the opening 55 occurs and is situated at a plane X 2 --X 2 .
  • the plane X 2 --X 2 is equivalent to the plane X 1 --X 1 , shown in Fig. 7 .
  • a vertical distance measured from the distal end 42 of each nozzle 38 perpendicular to the plane X 2 --X 2 established a Die-to-Collector Distance (DCD). This DCD distance can range from between about 10 cm to about 150 cm.
  • DCD Die-to-Collector Distance
  • the DCD distance is less than about 100 cm. More desirably, the DCD distance is less than about 90 cm. Even more desirably, the DCD distance is less than about 80 cm. Most desirably, the DCD distance is less than about 60 cm.
  • the exact DCD distance is dependent upon a number of factors including but not limited to: the melting temperature of the polymer being extruded, the basis weight of the material being produced, the polymer throughput through the plurality of nozzles 38, and the inside diameter of each of the nozzles, etc.
  • the first and second conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively are aligned at an angle alpha ( ⁇ ) to one another.
  • the angle ⁇ can vary. Desirably, the angle ⁇ is less than about 90 degrees. More desirably, the angle ⁇ is less than about 60 degrees. Even more desirably, the angle ⁇ is less than about 50 degrees. Most desirably, the angle ⁇ is less than about 45 degrees. An angle ⁇ of from between about 15 degrees to about 45 degrees works well. This orientation creates a convergent passage 60 and a nip 62.
  • the plurality of filaments 40 are deposited at the entry 64 of the convergent passage 60 as they are directed and routed onto and between the first and second heated conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively.
  • the routing is facilitates by the movement of the first and second conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively.
  • the routing causes the plurality of filaments 40 to pass through the convergent passage 60 in descending travel from the entry 64 to the exit 66.
  • the movement of the first and second conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively will cause some of the plurality of filaments 40 to temporarily contact the outer peripheries of the first and second heated conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively.
  • These filaments 40 will be compressed against the remaining filaments 40 passing through the nip 62 to create a high loft non-woven web 10.
  • the plurality of filaments 40 will be compressed at the nip 62 and this confined space helps the filaments 40 to be aligned in the x, y and z directions. Thus a high loft non-woven web 10 is produced.
  • the apparatus 34' also differs from the apparatus 34, shown in Fig. 7 , in that the high loft non-woven web 10 is advanced in a vertical, downward direction until it contacts a conveyor belt 84.
  • the conveyor belt 84 is positioned perpendicular to the downward direction of the high loft non-woven web 10.
  • the conveyor belt 84 moves through a continuous loop in a clockwise direction.
  • the conveyor belt 84 causes the high loft non-woven web 10 to make a 90 degree turn to the right. This new horizontal, rightward movement is referred to as machine direction (MD').
  • the high loft non-woven web 10 could be routed pass a thermal bonder 74 by a conveyor belt 84.
  • the conveyor belt 84 is mounted on a plurality of rollers 86.
  • rollers 86 are depicted in Fig. 8 although any number of rollers 86 can be utilized.
  • One of the rollers 86 is the drive roller and the remaining rollers 86, 86 and 86 are idler or follower rollers.
  • non-woven webs 10 can be formed from certain materials and for certain uses, wherein additional bonding is not necessary.
  • the process of forming the high loft, non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 will be explains with reference to Figs. 7 - 8 .
  • the process includes introducing a molten polymer to a die 36 from an extruder (not depicted). Extruders are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the die 36 has from 2 to 20 rows of nozzles with each row containing a plurality of nozzles 38.
  • plural of nozzles it is meant at least 3 nozzles 38.
  • Each nozzle 38 has a distal end 42.
  • the molten polymer is emitted through each of the plurality of nozzles 38 to form a plurality of filaments 40.
  • the process also includes using air or gas streams to facilitate movement and drawing of the plurality of filaments 40.
  • the filaments 40 are directed towards a pair of heated moving surfaces 44 and 46, located at a distance of from between about 10 cm to about 150 cm from the plurality of nozzles 38.
  • the pair of heated moving surfaces 44 and 46 can be first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively, or can be first and second conveyor belts, 52 and 54 respectively.
  • the pair of moving surfaces 44 and 46 can be heated by a pair of heaters 45 and 47, as described above.
  • the moving surfaces 44 and 46 can be heated to a temperature which is about 17°C (30°F) less than the melting temperature of the polymer. Most desirably, the moving surfaces 44 and 46 can be heated to a temperature which is about 22°C (40°F) less than the melting temperature of the polymer.
  • the elevated temperature of the first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively should be less than the melting temperature of the polymer.
  • Polypropylene has a melting temperature in the range of from between about 149°C (300°F) to about 171°C (340°F). Therefore, the elevated temperature of each of the first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively, should be less than the melting temperature of the polymer. Desirably, the elevated temperature of each of the first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively, should range from between about 82°C (180°F) to about 149°C (300°F).
  • the elevated temperature of each of the first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively should range from between about 82°C (180°F) to about 135°C (275°F). Even more desirably, the elevated temperature of each of the first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively, should range from between about 82°C (180°F) to about 121°C (250°F). Still more desirably, the elevated temperature of each of the first and second rotatable drums, 48 and 50 respectively, should range from between about 82°C (180°F) to about 107°C (225°F).
  • the pair of heated moving surfaces 44 and 46 forms a convergent passage 60 having an entry 64 and an exit 66.
  • the plurality of filaments 40 are deposited into the entry 64 of the convergent passage 60.
  • the plurality of filaments 40 are then routed through the convergent passage 60 in descending travel from the entry 64 to the exit 66 and between the pair of heated moving surfaces 44 and 46 in a machine direction (MD) to form a the high loft non-woven web 10.
  • MD machine direction
  • the process can also include additional bonding to the high loft non-woven web 10 to form a web 10, 10', 10" or 11 having a thickness t, t 1 or t 2 of less than about 250 millimeters and a basis weight ranging from between about 20 g/m 2 to about 3,000 g/m 2 .
  • the high loft non-woven web 10 can be bonded using a variety of different bonders. Some bonders which can be used include but are not limited to: thermal bonding, through air bonding, oven bonding, chemical bonding, wet bonding, mechanical bonding or hydro-mechanical bonding.
  • Each of the approximately V, U or C-shaped structure 24 has an apex 26 facing in the machine direction (MD).
  • the approximately V or U shaped structure is rotated 90 degrees to a horizontal orientation with the apex of each facing to the right.
  • the C-shaped structure is reversed in position so that the apex of each faces to the right.
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 has a recovery value ranging from between about 20% to about 99% after being compressed under a pressure of 1.7 kPa (0.25 psi) for a time period of 30 minutes.
  • an additive 80 can be added to the high loft, non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 downstream of the bonder 74.
  • the additive 80 can be any of those mentioned above.
  • the additive 80 can be deposited onto the high loft, non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11, or it could be sprayed thereon.
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 could be immersed in a liquid solution containing an additive 80.
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 can be dried downstream of the bonder 74.
  • the high loft, non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 could be cooled downstream of the bonder 74. Such cooling could reduce the temperature of the high loft, non-woven web 10, 10', 10" or 11 to room temperature or thereabout.
  • a number of high loft, non-woven webs were produced using a pilot line that had a 15 inch Spun-blown ® die with multi-row spinnerettes known as the Biax Spun-blown ® die.
  • This die is commercially available from Biax-Fiberfilm Corporation having an office at N992 Quality Drive, Suite B, Greenville, WI 54942.
  • the Spun-blown ® spinnerettes had 242 polymer nozzles.
  • the inside diameter of each spinnerette was 0.508 millimeters (mm) while the outside diameter of each spinnerette was 0.711 mm.
  • Each polymer nozzle was surrounded by an air nozzle where the blowing air was coming from the annular space between the polymer nozzle and the air nozzle.
  • the diameter of each of the air nozzles was 1.4 mm.
  • the Biax Spun-blown ® spinnerette is taught in U.S. Patents 5,476,616 ; 9,303,334 B2 ; and U.S. Patent Publication 2005/0056956 A1 .
  • a typical commercial Biax Spun-blown ® spinnerette can have from about 6,000 to about 11,000 nozzles per meter.
  • the first two high loft non-woven webs exhibiting excellent recovery were made of polypropylene that was provided by Lyondel Basell under the trade name: Metocene MF650W. This polypropylene had a typical melt flow rate of 500 grams per 10 minutes (according to ASTM test D 1238, 230°C, 2.16 kg).
  • the next two high loft non-woven webs (samples 3 and 4) exhibiting excellent recovery (samples 3 and 4) were made of polypropylene that was provided by Exxon Mobil under the trade name Exxon Mobil TM 3155 Homopolymer. This polypropylene had a typical melt flow rate of 35 grams per 10 minutes (according to ASTM test D 1238, 230°C, 2.16 kg).
  • the last two high loft non-woven webs exhibiting excellent recovery were made of polylactic acid that was provided by Natureworks under the trade name: INGEO PLA 6202D.
  • the polylactic acid had a melt flow rate of 15 grams (g) to 30 g per 10 minutes (according to ASTM test D 1238, 210°C, 2.16 kg).
  • Basis weight is defined as the mass per unit area and it can be measured in grams per meter squared (g/m 2 ).
  • the basis weight test is done according the INDA standard 1ST 130.1 which is equivalent to the ASTM standard ASTM D3776. Ten (10) different samples were die cut from different locations in a larger sample web and each one had an individual area equal to 100 cm 2 . The weight of each replicate was measured using a sensitive balance within ⁇ 0.1% of weight on the balance. The basis weight in grams/m 2 was measured by multiplying the average weight by 100.
  • Thickness is defined as the distance between one surface and an opposite surface of a single web measured under a specified pressure. For high loft, non-woven webs, the thickness was measured according the INDA standard 1ST 120.2 (01).
  • the apparatus include a thickness testing instrument that had: an anvil, a presser foot, and a scale indicating the distance between these two parallel plates.
  • the foot presser was 305 mm x 305 mm (12 inches x 12 inches) in size and had a weight of 288 grams.
  • Five representative specimens of the fabric were die cut and tested in the standard atmosphere for testing as prescribed in ASTM D1776. Samples were handled carefully to avoid altering the natural state of the fabric. Each specimen was placed on the bottom plate and the presser foot was placed with care on the top of the sample. The average thickness of these specimens is reported along with a standard deviation.
  • the presser foot with the new weight was placed on top of the high loft, non-woven webs samples for 30 minutes and then the compressed thickness T2 was measured. Finally, the presser foot was raised and replaced by the 16 kg (36 pound) weight with the 288 gram weight. After five (5) minutes, the presser foot was lowered to measure the thickness recovered, T3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Vorrichtung (34) zum Herstellen einer Hochflor-Vliesbahn (10) aus einem einzigen Polypropylen-Polymer, wobei die Vliesbahn: (i) eine Fasergrößen-Verteilung von 0 µm bis etwa 15 µm mit wenigstens etwa 25% der Fasern über 4 µm, (ii) eine Dicke von weniger als etwa 250 Millimetern, (iii) ein Flächengewicht im Bereich von etwa 50 g/m2 bis etwa 3000 g/m2, (iv) eine dreidimensionale Struktur mit in x-, y- und z-Richtung ausgerichteten Fasern, die, in einem zu einer Maschinenrichtung parallelem Querschnitt der Vliesbahn gesehen, V-, U- oder C-förmige Strukturen bilden, wobei der Apex der V-, U- bzw. C-förmigen Struktur in die Maschinenrichtung weist, und (v) einen Rückstellwert im Bereich von etwa 20% bis etwa 99% nach Kompression unter einem Druck von 1,7 kPa (0,25 psi) für eine Dauer von 30 Minuten aufweist, wobei die Vorrichtung aufweist:
    einen mit einem Extruder verbundenen Block (36) mit 2 bis 20 Reihen von Düsen (38), wobei jede Reihe mehrere Düsen aufweist, die jeweils ein aus dem einzigen Polypropylen-Polymer gebildetes Filament (40) ausstoßen und wobei jede der mehreren Düsen ein distales Ende (42) aufweist;
    ein Paar von beweglichen Kollektoren (44, 46), angeordnet zwischen etwa 10 cm bis etwa 150 cm vom distalen Ende jeder der mehreren Düsen,
    eine durch das Paar von beweglichen Kollektoren gebildete konvergente Passage (60), wobei die konvergente Passage zu einem Spalt (62) zusammenläuft und einen Eingang (64) aufweist, der die Filamente von den Düsen des Blocks aufnimmt, und einen Ausgang (66), der die Vliesbahn stromabwärts ausgibt;
    ein Paar jedem Paar von beweglichen Kollektoren zugeordneten Heizungen (45, 47) zum Heizen des Paars von beweglichen Kollektoren, wobei das Paar von Heizungen dazu ausgebildet ist, das Paar von beweglichen Kollektoren auf eine erhöhte Temperatur aufzuheizen, die:
    niedriger ist als eine Schmelztemperatur des Polypropylen-Polymers;
    hoch genug ist, um Teile der Polypropylen-Filamente, die die erhitzten beweglichen Kollektoren am Eingang der konvergenten Passage berühren, zu binden und ein Paar äußerer Häute (13, 15) der Vliesbahn zu bilden; und niedrig genug ist, die Fasern in x-, y- und z-Richtung, die die V-, U- bzw. C-förmigen Strukturen bilden, zwischen den äußeren Schichten nicht aneinander zu bonden.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wherein the pair of heaters (45, 47) are mounted externally and upstream of the nip of the convergent passage.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wherein the pair of heaters (45, 47) are mounted within about 30 cm of the pair of movable collectors.
  4. Verwendung der Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 in einem Verfahren zum Herstellen einer hochflorigen Vliesbahn (10), beinhaltend die Schritte:
    Einführen eines Polypropylen-Polymers in geschmolzenem Zustand zu dem Block (36) mit mehreren Düsen (38);
    Emittieren des geschmolzenen Polypropylen-Polymers durch die mehreren Düsen zum Bilden von Filamenten (40);
    Ziehen der Filament in einer stromabwärtigen Richtung mit Luftstrom-Strahlen;
    Bereitstellen des Paars von beweglichen Kollectoren (44, 46), die zwischen sich eine konvergente Passage (60) mit einem Eingang (64), der die Filamente von den Blockdüsen aufnimmt, und einem Ausgang (66), der die Vliesbahn stromabwärts ausgibt, wobei ein Abstand zwischen den Düsen und den beweglichen Kollektoren etwa 10 bis 150 cm beträgt;
    Erhitzen des Paars von beweglichen Kollektoren auf eine Temperatur, die niedriger ist als die Schmelztempertur des Polypropylen-Polymers;
    Sammeln der Filamente auf den erhitzten beweglichen Kollektoren,
    beinhaltend:
    Bilden eines Paars äußerer Häute (13, 15) aus den Polypropylen-Filamenten an einem Paar äußerer Oberflächen der Vliesbahn durch thermisches Bonden von Teilen der Polypropylen-Filamente, die die erhitzten beweglichen Kollektoren am Eingang der konvergenten Passage berühren, wobei die äußeren Häute jede eine Dicke von weniger als etwa 2,5 mm aufweisen;
    Sammeln der Filamente zwischen dem Paar äußerer Häute zum Bereitstellen von in x-, y- und z-Richtung ausgerichteten Fasern zwischen dem Paar äußerer Häute;
    Bilden von V-, U- oder C-förmigen Strukturen mit den in x-, y- und z-Richtung ausgerichteten Fasern, bei Ansicht in einem Querschnitt der Vliesbahn parallel zur Maschinenrichtung, wobei der Apex der V-, U- bzw. C-förmigen Strukturen in die Maschinenrichtung weist;
    Ausgeben der Vliesbahn aus dem Ausgang der konvergenten Passage, wobei die Vliesbahn aufweist:
    eine Fasergrößen-Verteilung von 0 µm bis etwa 15 µm mit wenigstens etwa 25% der Fasern über 4 µm;
    eine Dicke von weniger als etwa 250 Millimetern und ein Flächengewicht im Bereich von etwa 50 g/m2 bis etwa 3000 g/m2; und
    einen Rückstellwert im Bereich von etwa 20% bis etwa 99% nach Kompression unter einem Druck von 1,7 kPa (0,25 psi) für eine Dauer von 30 Minuten aufweist.
  5. Verwendung nach Anspruch 4, wobei Erhitzen des Paars von beweglichen Kollektoren beinhaltet:
    Anbringen des dem Paar von beweglichen Kollektoren zugeordneten Paars von Heizungen (45, 47) zum Erhöhen des Paars von beweglichen Kollektoren auf eine Temperatur zwischen 82°C bis etwa 149°C.
  6. Verwendung nach Anspruch 4, wobei das Bilden der V-, U- bzw. C-förmigen Strukturen beinhaltet:
    Ausrichten der Fasern in x-, y- und z-Richtung ohne Bonden der Fasern, die die V-, U- bzw. C-förmigen Strukturen bilden, aneinander zwischen dem Paar äußerer Häute (13, 15).
  7. Verwendung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, wobei das Paar von Heizungen außerhalb und stromaufwärts des Spalts (62) der konvergenten Passage angebracht ist.
  8. Verwendung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, wobei das Paar von Heizungen innerhalb von etwa 30 cm von dem Paar beweglicher Kollektoren angebracht ist.
  9. Hochflorige Vliesbahn (10), erhalten durch die Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 8, wobei die Bahn eine dreidimensionale Struktur aus einem einzigen Polypropylen-Polymer mit einer ersten äußeren Haut (13) aus gebondeten Fasern als ein erster Teil von Fasern, die die Bahn an einer oberen Oberfläche der Vliesbahn begrenzen, und einer zweiten äußeren Haut (15) aus gebondeten Fasern als ein zweiter Teil von Fasern, die die Bahn an einer unteren Oberfläche begrenzen, wobei die erste und zweite äußere Haut Fasern als ein dritter Teil der Fasern in der Mitte der Vliesbahn zurückhalten, die zumeist nicht aneinander gebondet und in x-, y- und z-Richtung zwischen der ersten und zweiten äußeren Haut ausgerichtet sind, wobei die Bahn eine Fasergrößen-Verteilung von 0 µm bis 8 µm mit wenigsten etwa 25% der Fasern über 4 µm aufweist, die Bahn eine Dicke von weniger als etwa 250 Millimetern und ein Flächengewicht im Bereich von etwa 50 g/m2 bis etwa 3000 g/m2 aufweist, und ein vertikaler Querschnitt der Bahn, genommen parallel zur Maschinenrichtung, mehrere dicht gestapelte, annähernd V-, U- oder C-förmige Strukturen zwischen der ersten und zweiten äußeren Haut zeigt, wobei jede der V-, U- bzw. C-förmigen Strukturen einen in die Maschinenrichtung weisenden Apex aufweist, und die Fasern innerhalb der Vliesbahn zwischen der ersten und zweiten äußeren Haut bereitgestellt sind, um der Vliesbahn einen Rückstellwert im Bereich von etwa 20% bis etwa 99% nach Kompression unter einem Druck von 1,7 kPa (0,25 psi) für eine Dauer von 30 Minuten zu verleihen.
  10. Hochflorige Vliesbahn (10) nach Anspruch 9, wobei die Bahn eine Dichte im Bereich von 10 kg/m3 bis 250 kg/m3 aufweist.
  11. Hochflorige Vliesbahn (10) nach Anspruch 9, wobei die Bahn thermisch oder chemisch gebondet ist, und wenigstens 20% der Fasern über 4,5 µm liegen, oder wobei wenigstens 15% der Fasern über 5 µm liegen.
  12. Hochflorige Vliesbahn (10) nach Anspruch 9, wobei eine Standardabweichung der Fasergrößen-Verteilung 0,9 µm bis 5 µm beträgt.
  13. Hochflorige Vliesbahn nach Anspruch 9, wobei die Bahn ein Additiv enthält.
  14. Hochflorige Vliesbahn nach Anspruch 13, wobei das Additiv ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe, die besteht aus: einem Superabsorbens, Absorbens-Partikeln, Polymeren, Nanopartikeln, Abrasiv-Partikeln, Aktiv-Partikeln, Aktiv-Verbindungen, Ionenaustauschharzen, Zeolitheen, Weichmachern, Plastizierern, Keramikpartikeln Pigmenten, Farbstoffen, Geschmacksstoffen, Aromen, Gebremste-Abgabe-Vesikeln, Bindern, Adhäsiven, Klebstoffen, Oberflächen-Modifizier-Agenzien, Gleitmitteln, Emulgatoren, Vitaminen, Peroxiden, antimikrobiellen Mitteln, Desodorierern, Flammhemmern, Flammverzögerern, Entschäumern, Anti-statischen Agenzien, Bioziden, Fungiziden, Degradier-Agenzien, Stabilisatoren, Leitfähigkeits-modifizierenden Agenzien, oder jegliche Kombination daraus.
  15. Hochflorige Vliesbahn (10'; 10") nach Anspruch 9, wobei die Bahn wenigstens zwei separate und verschiedene Schichten (14, 16; 18, 20, 22) aufweist, die jeweils ein Paar äußerer Häute (13, 15) aufweisen, und die Bahn zwei Hauptoberflächen aufweist und wenigstens eine dieser Hauptoberflächen texturiert ist.
EP18703177.8A 2017-01-23 2018-01-22 Vorrichtung zur herstellung von einer hochvoluminösen vliesbahn, deren verwendung sowie die daraus erhältliche hochvoluminöse vliesbahn mit hervorragender rückgewinnung Active EP3571338B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US15/412,670 US10961644B2 (en) 2014-01-29 2017-01-23 High loft, nonwoven web exhibiting excellent recovery
PCT/US2018/014739 WO2018136895A1 (en) 2017-01-23 2018-01-22 A high loft, nonwoven web exhibiting excellent recovery

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EP3571338B1 true EP3571338B1 (de) 2022-10-05

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Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4380570A (en) 1980-04-08 1983-04-19 Schwarz Eckhard C A Apparatus and process for melt-blowing a fiberforming thermoplastic polymer and product produced thereby
US5476616A (en) 1994-12-12 1995-12-19 Schwarz; Eckhard C. A. Apparatus and process for uniformly melt-blowing a fiberforming thermoplastic polymer in a spinnerette assembly of multiple rows of spinning orifices
US7476632B2 (en) * 2002-11-15 2009-01-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Fibrous nonwoven web
US20050056956A1 (en) 2003-09-16 2005-03-17 Biax Fiberfilm Corporation Process for forming micro-fiber cellulosic nonwoven webs from a cellulose solution by melt blown technology and the products made thereby
WO2005106085A1 (en) 2004-04-26 2005-11-10 Biax Fiberfilm Corporation Apparatus , product and process forming micro-fiber cellulosic nonwoven webs
US20150211158A1 (en) * 2014-01-29 2015-07-30 Biax-Fiberfilm Process for forming a high loft, nonwoven web exhibiting excellent recovery
US20150211159A1 (en) * 2014-01-29 2015-07-30 Biax-Fiberfilm Apparatus for making a high loft, nonwoven web exhibiting excellent recovery
US20150211160A1 (en) * 2014-01-29 2015-07-30 Biax-Fiberfilm High loft, nonwoven web exhibiting excellent recovery
JP2017515010A (ja) * 2014-05-07 2017-06-08 バイアックス ファイバーフィルム 不織ウェブ
US9303334B2 (en) 2014-05-07 2016-04-05 Biax-Fiberfilm Apparatus for forming a non-woven web

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