Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
  • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
  • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
  • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
  • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
  • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
  • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
  • C09K2205/10—Components
  • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
  • C09K2205/10—Components
  • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
  • C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
  • C09K2205/10—Components
  • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
  • C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
  • C09K2205/40—Replacement mixtures

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a composition comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and their uses as a heat transfer fluid, especially in refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump.
• Fluids based on fluorocarbon compounds are widely used in many industrial devices, including air conditioning, heat pump or refrigeration. These devices have in common to rely on a thermodynamic cycle comprising the vaporization of the fluid at low pressure (in which the fluid absorbs heat); compressing the vaporized fluid to a high pressure; condensing the vaporized fluid into a high pressure liquid (in which the fluid emits heat); and the expansion of the fluid to complete the cycle.
• thermodynamic properties of the fluid which may be a pure compound or a mixture of compounds
• chlorinated compounds chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons
• non-chlorinated compounds such as hydrofluorocarbons, fluoroethers and more recently fluoroolefins (or fluoroalkenes) are generally preferred.
• Fluorolefins also generally have a short life time, and therefore a lower global warming potential (GWP) than other compounds.
• GWP global warming potential
• compositions comprising at least one fluoroalkene having three or four carbon atoms, in particular pentafluoropropene and tetrafluoropropene, as heat transfer fluids.
• WO 2007/053697 and WO 2007/126414 disclose mixtures of fluoroolefins and other heat transfer compounds as heat transfer fluids.
• olefinic compounds tend to be more flammable than saturated compounds.
• the present invention relates to a composition
• a composition comprising (preferably constituted) from 69% to 78% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), from 16% to 22% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC -32), and from 2 to 9% by weight of propane, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• HFO-1234yf 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
• HFC -32 difluoromethane
• the composition comprises (preferably consists of) from 69% to 78% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), from 19% to 22% by weight of difluoromethane (HFC-32 ), and from 2 to 9% by weight of propane, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• HFO-1234yf 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
• HFC-32 difluoromethane
• propane propane
• the composition according to the invention is such that the total sum of the weight contents of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), difluoromethane (HFC-32) and propane is equal to 100%.
• the weight content of propane in the composition is for example between 2% and 9%, 2.1% and 9%, 3% and 9%, 4% and 9%, 5% and 9%, 6% and 9%, 7% and 9%, 8% and 9%, 3% and 8%, 4% and 8%, 5% and 8%, 6% and 8%, 7% and 8%, 3% and 7% %, 4% and 7%, 5% and 7%, or between 6% and 7%.
• the weight content of propane in the composition is between 6% and 9%, and advantageously between 6% and 8%.
• the composition comprises a weight content of propane greater than or equal to 2%, preferably greater than 2%.
• the composition comprises a weight content of propane greater than or equal to 3%.
• the composition comprises a weight content of propane greater than or equal to 4%.
• the composition comprises a weight content of propane greater than or equal to 5%. According to one embodiment, the composition according to the invention does not comprise between 2% and 5% by weight of propane.
• the weight content of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene in the composition according to the invention is for example between 69% and 77.5%, 69% and 77%, 69% and 76.5%, 69% and 76%, 69% and 75.5%, 69% and 75%, 69% and 74.5%, 69% and 74%, 69% and 73.5%, 69% and 73%, 69% and 72.5%, 69% and 72%, 69% and 71.5%, 69% and 71%, 69% and 70.5%, 69% and 70%, 69.5% and 78%, 69%.
• the weight content of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene in the composition according to the invention is between 69% and 74%, in particular between 69.5% and 72.5%, advantageously between 70% and 72.5%, even more advantageously between 70.1% and 72.5%, and preferably between 70.1% and 72.1%.
• the weight content of difluoromethane in the composition according to the invention is, for example, between 16% and 21.5%, 16% and 21%, 16% and 20.5%, 16% and 20%, 16%. 5% and 22%, 16.5% and 21.5%, 16.5% and 21%, 16.5% and 20.5%, 16.5% and 20%, 17% and 22%, 17% and 21, 5%, 17% and 21%, 17% and 20.5%, 17% and 20%, 17.5% and 22%, 17.5% and 21, 5%, 17.5% and 21%.
• the weight content of HFC-32 in the composition is: 16%, 16.5%, 17%, 17.5%, 18%, 18.5%, 19%, 19.5%, 20% , 20.5%, 21%, 21, 5% or 22%.
• the weight content of HFC-32 in the composition is between 20% and 22.5%, and preferably between 20.5 and 22.5%.
• the composition according to the invention comprises (preferably consists of) from 69% to 78% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, from 16% to 22% by weight of difluoromethane, and from 2.1 to 9% by weight of propane, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the composition according to the invention comprises (preferably consists of) from 69% to 78% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, from 19% to 22% by weight of difluoromethane, and from 2.1 to 9% by weight of propane, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the composition according to the invention comprises (preferably consists of) from 69% to 78% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, from 19% to 22% by weight of difluoromethane, and from 3% to 9% by weight of propane, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the composition according to the invention comprises (preferably consists of) from 69% to 78% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, from 16% to 22% by weight of difluoromethane, and from 3% to 9% by weight of propane, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the composition according to the invention comprises (preferably consists of) from 69% to 78% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, from 16% to 22% by weight of difluoromethane, and from 4% to 9% by weight of propane, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the composition according to the invention comprises (preferably consists of) from 69% to 78% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, from 16% to 22% by weight of difluoromethane, and from 5% to 9% by weight of propane, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the composition comprises (preferably consists of) from 69% to 78% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, from 16% to 22% by weight of difluoromethane, and from 6 to % to 9% by weight of propane, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the composition according to the invention comprises (preferably consists of) from 69% to 78% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, from 16% to 22% by weight of difluoromethane, and from 6% to 9% by weight of propane, and in particular propane in one of the following contents: 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5% or 9% relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the composition according to the invention comprises (preferably consists of) from 69% to 77% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 16% to 22% by weight of difluoromethane, and 6% to 9% by weight of propane, and in particular propane in one of the following contents: 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5% , 8%, 8.5% or 9% relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the composition according to the invention comprises (preferably consists of) from 69% to 77% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, from 17% to 22% by weight of difluoromethane, and from 6% to 9% by weight of propane, and in particular propane in one of the following contents: 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5% or 9% relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the composition according to the invention comprises (preferably consists of) from 69% to 76% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, from 18% to 22% by weight of difluoromethane, and from 6% to 9% by weight of propane, and in particular propane in one of the following contents: 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5% or 9% relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the composition according to the invention comprises (preferably consists of) from 69% to 75% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, from 19% to 22% by weight of difluoromethane, and from 6% to 9% by weight of propane, and in particular propane in one of the following contents: 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5% or 9% relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the composition according to the invention comprises (preferably consists of) from 69% to 74% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, from 19% to 22% by weight of difluoromethane, and from 6% to 9% by weight of propane, and in particular propane in one of the following contents: 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5% or 9% relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the composition according to the invention comprises (preferably consists of) from 69% to 73% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, from 19% to 22% by weight of difluoromethane, and from 6% to 9% by weight of propane, and in particular propane in one of the following contents: 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5% or 9% relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the composition according to the invention comprises (preferably consists of) from 69.5% to 72.5% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, from 19.5% to 21%, 5% by weight of difluoromethane, and 6% to 9% by weight of propane, and in particular propane in one of the following contents: 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8% , 8.5% or 9% relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the composition according to the invention comprises (preferably consists of) from 69.5% to 74% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 19% to 21.5% by weight of difluoromethane, and 6% to 9% by weight of propane, and in particular propane in one of the following contents: 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7, 5%, 8%, 8.5% or 9% relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the composition according to the invention comprises (preferably consists of) from 70% to 72.5% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, from 20% to 22.5% by weight. difluoromethane, and from 6.5% to 9% by weight of propane.
• the composition according to the invention comprises (preferably consists of) from 70.1% to 72.1% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, from 20.5% to 22%, 5% by weight of difluoromethane, and from 7% to 8.8% by weight of propane.
• the composition according to the invention comprises (preferably consists of) from 70.1% to 72.1% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, from 20.5% to 21%, 5% by weight of difluoromethane, and 7% to 8% by weight of propane.
• the composition according to the invention comprises (preferably consists of) from 71% to 72% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, from 20.5% to 21.5% by weight. difluoromethane, and 7.5% to 8% by weight of propane.
• compositions according to the invention are the following:
• compositions according to the invention are advantageously little or non-flammable.
• compositions according to the invention advantageously have a lower flammability limit (known under the name LFL) greater than 100 g / m 3 , preferably greater than or equal to 150 g / m 3 , preferably greater than or equal to 155 g / m 3 , advantageously greater than or equal to 160 g / m 3 , more advantageously greater than or equal to 170 g / m 3 , and in particular greater than or equal to 180 g / m 3 .
• LFL lower flammability limit
• composition according to the invention advantageously leads to a WCF composition having a lower flammability limit of greater than 100 g / m 3 , preferably greater than or equal to 150 g / m 3 , preferably greater than or equal to 155 g / m 3 , preferably greater than or equal to 160 g / m 3 , still more preferably greater than or equal to 162 g / m 3 , preferably greater than or equal to 170 g / m 3 , and in particular greater than or equal to 180 g / m 3 .
• composition according to the invention advantageously leads to a WCFF composition having a lower flammability limit of greater than 100 g / m 3 .
• the compositions according to the invention, the corresponding WCF and WCFF, have a heat of combustion (HOC) of less than 19,000 kJ / m 3 .
• the heat of combustion according to the invention is defined and determined as indicated in the ASHRAE 34-2013 standard.
• the "lower flammability limit" is defined in ASHRAE 34- 2013 as the minimum concentration of a composition capable of propagating a flame through a homogeneous mixture of the composition and air under specified test conditions. in ASTM E681 -04. It can be given for example in kg / m 3 or in% vol.
• WCF weighted case of formulation forflammability
• ASHRAE 34-2013 a formulation composition with the highest flame spread rate. This composition is very close to the nominal composition (said nominal composition corresponding in the context of the invention to a composition according to the invention) with a certain tolerance.
• WCFF fractionation for flammability
• compositions according to the invention advantageously have a good compromise between good energy performance, low or no flammability, and low GWP, preferably a GWP of less than 150.
• the GWP can be calculated according to the indications provided by the 4 th report of the Group. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
• IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on climate Change
• the GWP of the mixtures is in particular calculated as a function of the mass concentration and the GWP of each component.
• GWPs of pure compounds are typically listed in the European F-Gas Directive (Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 of the European Parliament and the Council of 16 April 2014).
• compositions according to the invention are advantageously safer when they are used as heat transfer fluids in refrigeration, air conditioning and for heating.
• the heat transfer facilities may advantageously comprise higher compositions in accordance with the invention because of their low flammability.
• load limits reference can typically be made to standard EN378 published in 2008-2009.
• the flammability and the lower flammability limit are defined and determined according to the test in ASHRAE 34-2013, which refers to ASTM E681 for the equipment used. .
• compositions tested are described as flammable or non-flammable as such, according to the criteria defined in the ASHRAE 34- 2013 standard.
• composition according to the invention is advantageously classified 2 according to the ASHRAE 34-2013 standard.
• classification 2 requires in particular that the compositions have a lower flammability limit of greater than 100 g / m 3 .
• composition according to the invention may be prepared by any known method, such as for example by simple mixing of the various compounds with each other.
• the composition according to the invention is a heat transfer fluid.
• the present invention also relates to a heat transfer composition
• a heat transfer composition comprising (preferably consisting of) the composition according to the invention mentioned above, and at least one additive especially chosen from nanoparticles, stabilizers, surfactants, tracer agents and fluorescent agents. odorants, lubricants and solubilizing agents.
• the additive is chosen from lubricants, and especially lubricants based on polyol esters.
• the additives may especially be chosen from nanoparticles, stabilizers, surfactants, tracer agents, fluorescent agents, odorants, lubricants and solubilizing agents.
• heat transfer compound means a compound, respectively a fluid, capable of absorbing heat by evaporating at low temperature and low pressure and to reject heat by condensing at high temperature and high pressure, in a vapor compression circuit.
• a heat transfer fluid may comprise one, two, three or more than three heat transfer compounds.
• heat transfer composition is meant a composition comprising a heat transfer fluid and optionally one or more additives which are not heat transfer compounds for the intended application.
• the stabilizer (s), when present, preferably represent at most 5% by weight in the heat transfer composition.
• the stabilizers there may be mentioned in particular nitromethane, ascorbic acid, terephthalic acid, azoles such as tolutriazole or benzotriazole, phenol compounds such as tocopherol, hydroquinone, t-butyl hydroquinone, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, epoxides (optionally fluorinated or perfluorinated alkyl or alkenyl or aromatic) such as n-butyl glycidyl ether, hexanediol diglycidyl ether, allyl glycidyl ether, butylphenylglycidyl ether, phosphites, phosphonates, thiols and lactones.
• nanoparticles it is possible to use, in particular, nanoparticles of carbon, metal oxides (copper, aluminum), ⁇ 2, Al2O3, M0S2, etc.
• tracer agents which can be detected
• the tracer agent is different from the one or more heat transfer compounds composing the heat transfer fluid.
• solubilizing agents mention may be made of hydrocarbons, dimethyl ether, polyoxyalkylene ethers, amides, ketones, nitriles, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers and magnesium compounds. , 1 - trifluoroalkanes.
• the solubilizing agent is different from the one or more heat transfer compounds composing the heat transfer fluid.
• fluorescent agents mention may be made of naphthalimides, perylenes, coumarins, anthracenes, phenanthracenes, xanthenes, thioxanthenes, naphthoxanhthenes, fluoresceins and derivatives and combinations thereof.
• alkyl acrylates As odorants, mention may be made of alkyl acrylates, allyl acrylates, acrylic acids, acrylresters, alkyl ethers, alkyl esters, alkynes, aldehydes, thiols, thioethers, disulfides, allyl isothiocyanates and alkanoic acids. , amines, norbornenes, norbornene derivatives, cyclohexene, heterocyclic aromatic compounds, ascaridole, o-methoxy (methyl) phenol and combinations thereof.
• Lubricant In the context of the invention, the terms “lubricant”, “lubricating oil” and “lubricating oil” are used equivalently.
• Lubricants that may be used include oils of mineral origin, silicone oils, paraffins of natural origin, naphthenes, synthetic paraffins, alkylbenzenes, poly-alpha olefins, polyalkene glycols, polyol esters, (polyol ester) and / or polyvinyl ethers.
• the lubricant is based on polyol esters.
• the lubricant comprises one or more polyol ester (s).
• the polyol esters are obtained by reaction of at least one polyol, with a carboxylic acid or with a mixture of carboxylic acids.
• carboxylic acid covers both a monocarboxylic and polycarboxylic acid, such as, for example, dicarboxylic acid.
• polyol means a compound containing at least two hydroxyl groups (-OH).
• the polyol esters according to the invention have the following formula (I):
• R 1 is a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical, optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group and / or comprising at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of -O-, -N-, and -S-;
• each R 2 is, independently of one another, selected from the group consisting of:
• iv) a mixture of a radical ii) and / or iii), with an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical comprising from 8 to 14 carbon atoms; and - n is an integer of at least 2.
• hydrocarbon radical is intended to mean a radical composed of carbon atoms and hydrogen.
• the polyols have the following general formula (II):
• R 1 is a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical, optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group, preferably with two hydroxyl groups, and / or comprising at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of -O-, -N-, and -S-; and
• n is an integer of at least 2.
• R 1 is a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical comprising from 4 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably from 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
• R 1 is a hydrocarbon radical, linear or branched, comprising at least one oxygen atom.
• R 1 is a branched hydrocarbon radical comprising from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 5 carbon atoms, substituted by two hydroxyl groups.
• the polyols comprise from 2 to 10 hydroxyl groups, preferably from 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups.
• the polyols according to the invention may comprise one or more oxyalkylene groups, it being in this particular case polyether polyols.
• the polyols according to the invention may also comprise one or more nitrogen atoms.
• the polyols may be alkanol amines containing from 3 to 6 OH groups.
• the polyols are alkanol amines containing at least two OH groups, and preferably at least three.
• the preferred polyols are selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerol, neopentyl glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, triglycerol, trimethylolpropane, sorbitol, hexaglycerol, and mixtures thereof.
• the polyol is pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol.
• the carboxylic acids can satisfy the following general formula (III):
• R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
• R 2 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical comprising from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and in particular from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
• R 2 is a branched hydrocarbon radical comprising from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, in particular from 5 to 14 carbon atoms, and preferably from 6 to 8 carbon atoms.
• a branched hydrocarbon radical has the following formula (IV):
• R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are, independently of one another, an alkyl group, and at least one of the alkyl groups contains at least two atoms of carbon.
• R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are, independently of one another, an alkyl group, and at least one of the alkyl groups contains at least two atoms of carbon.
• Such branched alkyl groups, once bound to the carboxyl group, are known as the "neo group", and the corresponding acid as "neo acid”.
• R 3 and R 4 are methyl groups and R 10 is an alkyl group comprising at least two carbon atoms.
• the radical R 2 can comprise one or more carboxyl groups, or ester groups such as -COOR 6 , with R 6 representing an alkyl radical, hydroxyalkyl radical or a hydroxyalkyloxy alkyl group.
• the R 2 COOH acid of formula (III) is a monocarboxylic acid.
• carboxylic acids in which the hydrocarbon radical is aliphatic include: formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid and heptanoic acid .
• carboxylic acids in which the hydrocarbon radical is branched include: 2-ethyl-n-butyric acid, 2-hexyldecanoic acid, isostearic acid, 2-methyl-hexanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, neoheptanoic acid, and neodecanoic acid.
• the third type of carboxylic acids which can be used in the preparation of the polyol esters of formula (I) are carboxylic acids comprising an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing from 8 to 14 carbon atoms.
• carboxylic acids comprising an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing from 8 to 14 carbon atoms.
• We can Examples include: decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, lauric acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, behenic acid, etc.
• dicarboxylic acids mention may be made of maleic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid ...
• the carboxylic acids used to prepare the polyol esters of formula (I) comprise a mixture of monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids, the proportion of monocarboxylic acids being the majority.
• the presence of dicarboxylic acids results in particular in the formation of polyol esters of high viscosity.
• the formation reaction of the polyol esters of formula (I) by reaction between the carboxylic acid and the polyols is an acid catalyzed reaction.
• This is especially a reversible reaction, which can be complete by using a large amount of acid or by removing the water formed during the reaction.
• the esterification reaction can be carried out in the presence of organic or inorganic acids, such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid ...
• the reaction is carried out in the absence of catalyst.
• the amount of carboxylic acid and polyol may vary in the mixture depending on the desired results. In the particular case where all the hydroxyl groups are esterified, a sufficient amount of carboxylic acid must be added to react with all the hydroxyls.
• a polyol when using a mixture of carboxylic acids, a polyol reacts first with a carboxylic acid, typically the highest molecular weight carboxylic acid, followed by reaction with the acid.
• carboxylic acid having an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain.
• the esters can be formed by reaction between the carboxylic acids (or their anhydride or ester derivatives) with the polyols in the presence of acids at elevated temperature, while removing the water formed during the reaction. .
• the reaction can be carried out at a temperature of 75 to 200 ° C.
• the polyol esters formed may comprise hydroxyl groups which are not all reactive, in this case they are esters of partially esterified polyols.
• the polyol esters are obtained from pentaerythritol alcohol, and from a mixture of carboxylic acids: isononanoic acid, at least one acid having an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical comprising from 8 to 10 carbon atoms, and heptanoic acid.
• the preferred polyol esters are obtained from pentaerythritol, and a mixture of 70% of isononanoic acid, 15% of at least one carboxylic acid having an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical comprising from 8 to 10 carbon atoms, and 15% heptanoic acid.
• the polyol esters are obtained from dipentaerythritol alcohol, and from a mixture of carboxylic acids: isononanoic acid, at least one acid having an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical comprising from 8 to 10 carbon atoms, and heptanoic acid
• the polyol esters of the invention have one of the following formulas (1-A) or (1-B):
• an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical comprising from 1 to 10, preferably from 2 to 9, preferentially from 4 to 9 carbon atoms, and in particular from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
• a branched hydrocarbon radical comprising from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, in particular from 4 to 14 carbon atoms, and preferably from 4 to 9 carbon atoms.
• polyol esters of formula (I-A) or of formula (I-B) comprise different radicals R.
• a preferred polyol ester is an ester of formula (I-A) wherein R is selected from:
• branched hydrocarbon radical comprising 8 carbon atoms; and / or a branched hydrocarbon radical comprising 9 carbon atoms.
• a preferred polyol ester is an ester of formula (1-B) wherein R is selected from:
• the polyol esters of the invention comprise at least one ester of one or more branched carboxylic acids comprising not more than 8 carbon atoms.
• the ester is especially obtained by reacting said branched carboxylic acid with one or more polyols.
• the branched carboxylic acid comprises at least 5 carbon atoms.
• the branched carboxylic acid comprises from 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and preferably it contains 5 carbon atoms.
• the above-mentioned branched carboxylic acid does not comprise 9 carbon atoms.
• said carboxylic acid is not 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid.
• the branched carboxylic acid is selected from 2-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, and mixtures thereof.
• the polyol is selected from the group consisting of neopentyl glycol, glycerol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, and mixtures thereof.
• the polyol esters are obtained from:
• a carboxylic acid selected from 2-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, and mixtures thereof;
• a polyol selected from the group consisting of neopentyl glycol, glycerol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, and mixtures thereof.
• the polyol ester is that obtained from 2-methylbutanoic acid and pentaerythritol.
• the polyol ester is that obtained from 2-methylbutanoic acid and dipentaerythritol.
• the polyol ester is that obtained from 3-methylbutanoic acid and pentaerythritol.
• the polyol ester is that obtained from 3-methylbutanoic acid and dipentaerythritol.
• the polyol ester is that obtained from 2-methylbutanoic acid and neopentyl glycol.
• the polyol esters according to the invention are poly (neopentylpolyol) esters obtained by: i) reaction of a neopentylpolyol having the following formula (V):
• each R is, independently of each other, Ch, C2H5 or p is an integer from 1 to 4; with at least one monocarboxylic acid having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, and in the presence of an acid catalyst, the molar ratio between the carboxyl groups and the hydroxyl groups being less than 1: 1, to form a composition of poly (neopentyl partially esterified polyol; and reacting the partially esterified poly (neopentyl) polyol composition obtained at the end of step i) with another carboxylic acid having from 2 to 15 carbon atoms, to form the final ester composition (s) of poly (neopentyl polyol).
• the reaction i) is carried out with a molar ratio ranging from 1: 4 to 1: 2.
• the neopentyl polyol has the following formula (VI):
• each R is, independently of each other, CH3, C2H5 or
• Preferred neopentyl polyols are those selected from pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, tetraerythritol, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, and neopentyl glycole.
• the neopentyl polyol is pentaerythritol.
• a single neopentyl polyol is used to produce the POE-based lubricant.
• two or more neopentyl polyols are used. This is particularly the case when a commercial product of pentaerythritol includes small amounts of dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, and tetraerythritol.
• the abovementioned monocarboxylic acid comprises from 5 to 11 carbon atoms, preferably from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
• the monocarboxylic acids have in particular the following general formula (VII):
• R ' is a linear or branched C 1 -C 12 alkyl radical, a C 6 -C 12 aryl radical or a C 6 -C 30 aralkyl radical.
• R ' is a C4-C10 alkyl radical, and preferentially a C5-C9 alkyl radical.
• the monocarboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, n-octanoic acid, n nonanoic acid, n-decanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, , 3,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, benzoic acid, and mixtures thereof.
• the monocarboxylic acid is n-heptanoic acid, or a mixture of n-heptanoic acid with another linear monocarboxylic acid, in particular n-octanoic acid and / or n-octanoic acid. - decanoic.
• a mixture of monocarboxylic acid may comprise between 15 and 100 mol% of heptanoic acid and between 85 and 0 mol% of other monocarboxylic acid (s).
• the mixture comprises between 75 and 100 mol% of heptanoic acid, and between 25 and 0 mol% of a mixture of octanoic acid and decanoic acid in a molar ratio of 3: 2.
• the polyol esters comprise:
• polyol esters according to the invention have the following formula (VIII):
• R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are, independently of one another, H or CH 3; a, b, c, y, x and z are, independently of one another, an integer;
• a + x, b + y, and c + z are, independently of one another, integers ranging from 1 to 20;
• R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are, independently of one another, selected from the group consisting of aliphatic or branched alkyls, alkenyls, cycloalkyls, aryls, alkylaryls, arylalkyls, alkylcycloalkyls, cycloalkylalkyls, arylcycloalkyls; cycloalkylaryls, alkylcycloalkylaryls, alkylarylcycloalkyls, arylcycloalkylalkyls, arylalkylcycloalkyls, cycloalkylalkylaryls and cycloalkylarylalkyls, R 13 , R 14 and R 15 , having from 1 to 17 carbon atoms, and which may be optionally substituted.
• each of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 represents, independently of each other, a linear or branched alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, said alkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkyl groups may comprise at least minus one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, F or S.
• each of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 has, independently of one another, from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably from 5 to 7 carbon atoms.
• a + x, b + y, and c + z are, independently of one another, integers ranging from 1 to 10, preferably from 2 to 8, and even more preferably from 2 to 4.
• R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 represent H.
• polyol esters of formula (VIII) above can typically be prepared as described in paragraphs [0027] to [0030] of international application WO2012 / 177742.
• polyol esters of formula (VIII) are obtained by esterification of glycerol alkoxylates (as described in paragraph [0027] of WO2012 / 177742) with one or more monocarboxylic acids having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms.
• the monocarboxylic acids have one of the following formulas:
• R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are as defined above.
• Derivatives of the carboxylic acids can also be used, such as anhydrides, esters and acyl halides.
• Esterification can be carried out with one or more monocarboxylic acids.
• Preferred monocarboxylic acids are those selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, propanoic acid, butyric acid, isobutanoic acid, pivalic acid, pentanoic acid, isopentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 3,3,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, neodecanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, citronellic acid, undecenoic acid, lauric acid, undecylenic acid, linolenic acid, arachi
• the esterification is carried out with one or more monocarboxylic acids selected from the group consisting of pentanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, n-hexanoic acid, n-heptanoic acid, 5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, n-octanoic acid, n-nonanoic acid and isononanoic acid.
• monocarboxylic acids selected from the group consisting of pentanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, n-hexanoic acid, n-heptanoic acid, 5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, n-octanoic acid, n-nonanoic acid and isononanoic acid.
• the esterification is carried out with one or more monocarboxylic acids chosen from the group consisting of butyric acid, isobutyric acid, n-pentanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid. , n-hexanoic acid, n-heptanoic acid, n-octanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 3,3,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, n-nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, undecelenic acid, lauric acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, and mixtures thereof.
• monocarboxylic acids chosen from the group consisting of butyric acid, isobutyric acid, n-pentanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid and 3-methylbutanoic acid.
• n-hexanoic acid n-heptanoic acid
• polyol esters according to the invention have the following formula (IX):
• each of R 17 and R 18 is, independently of one another, H or CH 3;
• each of m and n is, independently of one another, an integer, with m + n being an integer from 1 to 10;
• R 16 and R 19 are, independently of one another, selected from the group consisting of aliphatic or branched alkyls, alkenyls, cycloalkyls, aryls, alkylaryls, arylalkyls, alkylcycloalkyls, cycloalkylalkyls, arylcycloalkyls of cycloalkylaryls, alkylcycloalkylaryls, alkylarylcycloalkyls, arylcycloalkylalkyls, arylalkylcycloalkyls, cycloalkylalkylaryls and cycloalkylarylalkyls,
• R 16 and R 19 having 1 to 17 carbon atoms, and may be optionally substituted.
• each of R 16 and R 19 represents, independently of one another, a linear or branched alkyl group, an alkenyl group or a cycloalkyl group, said alkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkyl groups possibly comprising minus one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, F or S.
• each of R 16 and R 19 has, independently of one another, from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably from 5 to 7 carbon atoms.
• each of R 17 and R 18 represents H, and / or m + n is an integer ranging from 2 to 8, from 4 to 10, from 2 to 5, or from 3 to 5.
• m + n is 2, 3 or 4.
• the polyol esters of formula (IX) above are triethylene glycol diesters, tetraethylene glycol diesters, in particular with one or two monocarboxylic acids having from 4 to 9 carbon atoms.
• the polyol esters of formula (IX) above may be prepared by esterifications of an ethylene glycol, a propylene glycol, or an oligo- or polyalkylene glycol, (which may be an oligo- or polyethylene glycol, oligo- or polypropylene glycol, or an ethylene glycol-propylene glycol block copolymer), with one or two monocarboxylic acids having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.
• the esterification can be carried out identically to the esterification reaction used to prepare the polyol esters of formula (VIII) above.
• monocarboxylic acids identical to those used to prepare the polyol esters of formula (VIII) above can be used to form the polyol esters of formula (IX).
• the lubricant based on polyol esters according to the invention comprises from 20 to 80%, preferably from 30 to 70%, and preferably from 40 to 60% by weight of at least one ester.
• polyol of formula (VIII) and from 80 to 20%, preferably from 70 to 30%, and preferably from 60 to 40% by weight of at least one polyol ester of formula (IX).
• Preferred POE lubricants according to the invention are those having a viscosity of from 1 to 1000 centiStokes (cSt) at 40 ° C, preferably from 10 to 200 cSt, even more preferably from 20 to 100 cSt, and advantageously from 30 to 80 cSt. .
• oils are notably given by IS03448-1992 (NF T60-141) and according to which oils are designated by their average viscosity class measured at a temperature of 40 ° C. uses
• composition according to the present invention is particularly suitable as heat transfer fluid in refrigeration, air conditioning and for heating.
• composition according to the present invention can be used in various applications for the replacement of current refrigerants such as R455A (mixture of R32 / R1234yf / C0 2 : 21, 5 / 75.5 / 3% by mass) or R454C ( mixture of R1234yf / R32: 78.5 / 21, 5% by weight), and advantageously without having to replace compressor technology.
• current refrigerants such as R455A (mixture of R32 / R1234yf / C0 2 : 21, 5 / 75.5 / 3% by mass) or R454C ( mixture of R1234yf / R32: 78.5 / 21, 5% by weight
• the present invention relates to the use of the composition according to the invention for reducing the risk of ignition and / or explosion in the event of refrigerant leakage.
• the low flammability of the composition advantageously allows its use in larger quantities in heat transfer facilities.
• the use of refrigerants according to the flammability classes is described in the ISO 5149-1 standard (2014 version).
• the present invention also relates to the use of a composition according to the invention or a heat transfer composition according to the invention, in a heat transfer system containing a vapor compression circuit.
• the heat transfer system is:
• the present invention also relates to a method of heat transfer based on the use of a heat transfer system containing a vapor compression circuit which comprises the composition according to the invention or the heat transfer composition according to the invention.
• the heat transfer process may be a method of heating or cooling a fluid or a body.
• composition according to the invention or the heat transfer composition can also be used in a method of producing mechanical work or electricity, in particular in accordance with a Rankine cycle.
• the invention also relates to a heat transfer installation comprising a vapor compression circuit containing the composition according to the invention or the heat transfer composition according to the invention.
• this installation is selected from mobile or stationary refrigeration, heating (heat pump), air conditioning and freezing, and thermal engines.
• This may include a heat pump installation, in which case the fluid or body that is heated (usually air and possibly one or more products, objects or organisms) is located in a room or a room. vehicle interior (for a mobile installation).
• vehicle interior for a mobile installation.
• it is an air conditioning installation, in which case the fluid or body that is cooled (generally air and possibly one or more products, objects or organisms) is located in a local or vehicle interior (for a mobile installation).
• It can be a refrigeration plant or a freezing facility (or cryogenic installation), in which case the fluid or body that is cooled generally comprises air and one or more products, objects or organisms. , located in a room or container.
• the invention also relates to a method for heating or cooling a fluid or a body by means of a vapor compression circuit containing a heat transfer fluid or a heat transfer composition, said method successively comprising evaporation of the fluid or heat transfer composition, compression of the fluid or heat transfer composition, condensation of the fluid or heat transfer composition, and expansion of the fluid or heat transfer composition.
• heat transfer composition wherein the heat transfer fluid is the composition according to the invention, or the heat transfer composition is as described above.
• the invention also relates to a method for producing electricity by means of a heat engine, said method comprising successively the evaporation of the heat transfer fluid or a heat transfer composition, the expansion of the fluid or the heat transfer composition in a turbine for generating electricity, condensing the fluid or heat transfer composition and compressing the fluid or heat transfer composition, wherein the transfer fluid of heat is the composition according to the invention and the heat transfer composition is that described above.
• the vapor compression circuit containing a fluid or a heat transfer composition according to the invention, comprises at least one evaporator, one compressor preferably screw, a condenser and a pressure reducer, as well as fluid transport lines or heat transfer composition between these elements.
• the evaporator and the condenser comprise a heat exchanger for heat exchange between the fluid or the heat transfer composition and another fluid or body.
• the evaporator used in the context of the invention may be an overheating evaporator or an embedded evaporator.
• an overheated evaporator all of the aforementioned fluid or heat transfer composition is evaporated at the evaporator outlet, and the vapor phase is superheated.
• a flooded evaporator In a flooded evaporator, the fluid / heat transfer composition in liquid form does not evaporate completely.
• a flooded evaporator has a liquid phase and vapor phase separator.
• a compressor it is possible to use in particular a centrifugal compressor with one or more stages or a mini centrifugal compressor.
• Rotary, piston or screw compressors can also be used.
• the vapor compression circuit comprises a centrifugal compressor, and preferably a centrifugal compressor and a flooded evaporator.
• the vapor compression circuit comprises a screw compressor, preferably twin-screw or single-screw.
• the vapor compression circuit comprises a twin-screw compressor, which can implement a substantial flow of oil, for example up to 6.3 Us.
• a centrifugal compressor is characterized in that it uses rotating elements to radially accelerate the fluid or the heat transfer composition; it typically comprises at least one rotor and a diffuser housed in an enclosure.
• the heat transfer fluid or heat transfer composition is introduced into the center of the rotor and flows towards the periphery of the rotor while undergoing acceleration.
• the static pressure increases in the rotor, and especially on the other hand at the level of the diffuser, the speed is converted into an increase of the static pressure.
• Each rotor / diffuser assembly constitutes a compressor stage.
• the centrifugal compressors may comprise from 1 to 12 stages, depending on the desired final pressure and the volume of fluid to be treated.
• the compression ratio is defined as the ratio of the absolute pressure of the fluid / output heat transfer composition to the absolute pressure of said fluid or composition at the inlet.
• the rotational speed for large centrifugal compressors ranges from 3000 to 7000 revolutions per minute.
• Small centrifugal compressors (or centrifugal mini-compressors) generally operate at a rotation speed that ranges from 40000 to 7000 revolutions per minute and comprise a small rotor (generally less than 0.15 m).
• a multi-stage rotor can be used to improve the efficiency of the compressor and to limit the energy cost (compared to a single-stage rotor).
• the output of the first stage of the rotor feeds the input of the second rotor.
• Both rotors can be mounted on a single axis.
• Each stage can provide a fluid compression ratio of about 4 to 1, i.e. the output absolute pressure can be about four times the absolute suction pressure. Examples of two-stage centrifugal compressors, particularly for automotive applications, are described in US 5,065,990 and US 5,363,674.
• the centrifugal compressor can be driven by an electric motor or by a gas turbine (for example powered by the exhaust gas of a vehicle, for mobile applications) or by gearing.
• the installation may include a coupling of the expander with a turbine to generate electricity (Rankine cycle).
• the installation may also optionally comprise at least one heat transfer fluid circuit used for transmitting the heat (with or without a change of state) between the circuit of the heat transfer fluid or the heat transfer composition, and the fluid or body to be heated or cooled.
• the installation may also optionally include two or more vapor compression circuits containing identical or different heat transfer fluids / compositions.
• the vapor compression circuits may be coupled together.
• the vapor compression circuit operates in a conventional vapor compression cycle.
• the cycle comprises changing the state of the fluid / heat transfer composition from a liquid phase (or diphasic liquid / vapor) to a vapor phase at a relatively low pressure, and then compressing the fluid / composition vapor phase to a relatively high pressure, the change of state (condensation) of the fluid / heat transfer composition from the vapor phase to the liquid phase at a relatively high pressure, and the reduction of the pressure to start again the cycle.
• heat from the fluid or the body that is cooled directly or indirectly via a heat transfer fluid
• heat transfer fluid heat from the fluid or the body that is cooled (directly or indirectly via a heat transfer fluid) is absorbed by the fluid / heat transfer composition, during the cooling.
• Cooling processes include air conditioning processes (with mobile installations, for example in vehicles, or stationary), refrigeration and freezing or cryogenics.
• air conditioning processes there may be mentioned domestic air conditioning, commercial or industrial, where the equipment used are either chillers or direct expansion equipment.
• domestic air conditioning commercial, cold rooms, the food industry, refrigerated transport (trucks, boats).
• heat is transferred (directly or indirectly, via a heat transfer fluid) from the fluid / heat transfer composition, during the condensation thereof / it, to fluid or body that is heated, and at a relatively high temperature relative to the environment.
• heat pump The installation for implementing the heat transfer is called in this case "heat pump”.
• These can include medium and high temperature heat pumps.
• thermoelectric heat exchanger any type of heat exchanger for the implementation of the compositions according to the invention or heat transfer composition according to the invention, and in particular co-current heat exchangers or, preferably, countercurrent heat exchangers.
• the invention provides that the cooling and heating processes, and the corresponding facilities, comprise a countercurrent heat exchanger, either the condenser or the evaporator.
• a countercurrent heat exchanger either the condenser or the evaporator.
• the compositions according to the invention or heat transfer composition defined above are particularly effective with countercurrent heat exchangers.
• both the evaporator and the condenser comprise a countercurrent heat exchanger.
• countercurrent heat exchanger is understood to mean a heat exchanger in which heat is exchanged between a first fluid and a second fluid, the first fluid at the inlet of the exchanger exchanging heat with the second fluid at the outlet of the exchanger, and the first fluid at the outlet of the exchanger exchanging heat with the second fluid at the inlet of the exchanger.
• countercurrent heat exchangers include devices in which the flow of the first fluid and the flow of the second fluid are in opposite or almost opposite directions.
• the exchangers operating in cross current mode with countercurrent tendency are also included among the countercurrent heat exchangers within the meaning of the present application.
• the inlet temperature of the composition according to the invention or heat transfer composition, to the evaporator is preferably from -45 ° C. to -15 ° C., especially from -40 ° C to -20 ° C, more preferably -35 ° C to -25 ° C and for example about -30 ° C or -20 ° C; and the temperature of the beginning of the condensation of the composition according to the invention or heat transfer compositions, the condenser is preferably from 25 ° C to 80 ° C, in particular from 30 ° C to 60 ° C, more particularly preferred from 35 ° C to 55 ° C and for example about 40 ° C.
• the inlet temperature of the composition according to the invention or heat transfer composition, to the evaporator is preferably from -20 ° C. to 10 ° C., especially from 15 ° C to 5 ° C, more preferably -10 ° C to 0 ° C and for example about -5 ° C; and the temperature of the beginning of the condensation of the composition according to the invention or heat transfer composition, the condenser is preferably 25 ° C to 80 ° C, especially 30 ° C to 60 ° C, more particularly preferred from 35 ° C to 55 ° C and for example about 50 ° C.
• These processes can be refrigeration or air conditioning processes.
• the inlet temperature of the composition according to the invention or heat transfer composition, at the evaporator is preferably from -20 ° C. to 10 ° C., especially from 15 ° C to 5 ° C, more preferably -10 ° C to 0 ° C and for example about -5 ° C; and the temperature of the beginning of the condensation of the composition according to the invention or heat transfer composition, the condenser is preferably 25 ° C to 80 ° C, especially 30 ° C to 60 ° C, more particularly preferred from 35 ° C to 55 ° C and for example about 50 ° C.
• between x and y" or “from x to y” means an interval in which the terminals x and y are included.
• the range “between 6 and 9%” includes the values 6 and 9%.
• the following mixtures were prepared from R32, R1234yf and propane, with a constant composition of 21.4% by weight of R32.
• the composition of the propane was varied from 2.4% to 8.9% by weight relative to the total mass of the composition.
• compositions and leaked LFLs are as follows:
• Either a low-temperature refrigeration system that operates between an average evaporation temperature of -35 ° C, an average condensation temperature of 45 ° C, an overheating of 10 ° C and a subcooling of 5 ° C.
• the isentropic efficiency of the compressor is 55%.
• compositions according to the invention advantageously have a CAP (volumetric capacity) higher than R454C.
• compositions according to the invention have a compressor outlet temperature lower than that observed with the R455A, which advantageously allows reduce mechanical stress at the compressor, and increase the performance of the facilities.
• a high compressor outlet temperature requires the cooling of the compressor and therefore a loss of cooling energy.
• the compositions according to the invention are easier to prepare and transfer than R455A due to the absence of CO2 (because the CO2 is very volatile and soluble in oils).

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• 2017
  • 2017-01-19 FR FR1750413A patent/FR3061905B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2018
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