EP3569769B1 - Foundation pile - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a civil engineering method for creating a columnar structure in the ground, in which a civil engineering tool is driven to rotate about an axis of rotation and introduced into a ground with a feed, the columnar structure being created in the ground, according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention further relates to a construction device for creating a columnar structure in the ground, with a civil engineering tool which can be driven to rotate about an axis of rotation by means of a rotary drive and can be moved into the ground by means of a feed drive in a feed direction, at least one detection device for detecting a rotary movement of the civil engineering tool and a feed movement and at least one sensor device for detecting at least one further operating parameter, according to the preamble of claim 10.

A generic civil engineering method and a generic construction equipment go from the EP 2 806 070 B1 emerged. In this known method, a high-pressure injection body is created in the ground by means of a drill rod which has an outlet for ejecting an injection medium into the ground. A gyroscopic measuring means is provided on the drill rod for detecting a direction of movement of at least a part of the drill rod caused by the ejection of the injection medium. An electronic evaluation means makes it possible to assign the depths of propagation of the injection medium determined to the current output direction.

By rotating the drill string with the outlet, the injection medium is delivered radially around the drill string into the ground. It is possible to first erode the soil with a high pressure water jet and then expel the injection medium into the environment, which consists of eroded soil and water. By lifting the drill rod with the outlet, an approximately cylindrical high-pressure injection body (HDI body) can be formed.

HDI bodies or HDI columns are used for various purposes. In particular, a subsoil can be consolidated or sealed against the ingress of groundwater. In the case of excavation protection, HDI bodies can be used to connect different wall types, for example pile walls and sheet piling.

The injection medium can in principle be any fluid or any liquid or suspension, which can also be mixed with solids. For example, a cement suspension, chemicals or synthetic resins can be used.

In order for an HDI body to offer the desired seal or stability, the dimensions of the HDI body actually produced must match the desired dimensions sufficiently. This is of particular importance if several HDI bodies are to provide a seal next to one another in the floor. In this case, there must be no free space between the HDI bodies.

The exact dimensions of an HDI body, in particular in the radial direction to the drill pipe, can, however, vary depending on the soil. For example, an obstacle in the ground can prevent the injection medium from penetrating. As a result, an HDI body produced does not usually have an exact cylindrical shape. Rather, its radial extent is dependent on the depth and the azimuthal angle. This indicates a direction in a plane perpendicular to the drilling axis.

In order to nevertheless provide a sealing effect with HDI bodies, these are usually created with an overlap in the floor. The overlap is selected to be larger, the more uncertain the knowledge of the dimensions of the HDI bodies. This increases the number of HDI bodies to be erected, which is associated with a greater time requirement and higher costs.

In order to be able to keep the overlap between neighboring HDI bodies small, measuring devices are used. at DE 195 21 639 A1 the erection of an HDI body is monitored with a geophone. This is driven into the ground at a distance from the drill pipe. By detecting ground vibrations, the range up to which the injection medium is expelled can be estimated. Driving in a geophone, however, represents an additional amount of work, which increases the time required and the personnel requirements. In addition, the accuracy that can be achieved in this way is limited.

In contrast, with a generic device and a generic method, where the measuring device is attached to the drill rod, advantages are achieved. The operation of such a measuring device is associated with practically no additional work. Such a device and such a method are for example in DE 196 22 282 C1 described. The measuring device there comprises a sound transmitter and receiver. The emitted sound is reflected back at a boundary surface of the borehole, in particular with an injection body. The radial extent of the borehole or the depth of propagation of the injection medium can then be determined from the transit time of the sound signal.

Another apparatus and method are off DE 198 34 731 C1 famous. There the measuring device comprises a spool with an unwindable measuring line. By detecting the extent to which the measuring line has unrolled, conclusions can be drawn about the radial dimensions of the high-pressure injection body.

Although the dimensions of the injection body can be determined in this way, the evaluation and interpretation of the measurement data requires considerable effort. However, it is desirable to determine the three-dimensional structure created in the ground particularly precisely and to efficiently check the processing result GB 2 328 700 A a civil engineering method or a construction device according to the preamble of claims 1 and 10, respectively, are known.

It is an object of the invention to provide a method and a construction device for creating a three-dimensional structure in the ground, with which the created structure can be determined and checked particularly efficiently.

This object is achieved by a civil engineering method with the features of claim 1 and by a construction device with the features of claim 10.

Preferred variants of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The method according to the invention is characterized in that, when creating the columnar structure, a rotary movement and a feed movement of the civil engineering tool are recorded over time and forwarded to an evaluation unit, that at least one further processing parameter for creating the columnar structure in the ground over time is detected and forwarded to the evaluation unit and that a three-dimensional model of the columnar structure is created and displayed by the evaluation unit.

One aspect of the invention is to acquire certain measured values over time in a civil engineering method for creating a columnar structure in the ground and to use them to create and display a three-dimensional model of the columnar structure created in the most descriptive way possible. The three-dimensional model of the columnar structure created does not have to be a true-to-scale model of the columnar structure actually created in the ground, such as a foundation pile. It is essential that the three-dimensional model produced can clearly show the correct implementation of the civil engineering process and possible defects in the structure produced. During the manufacturing process, a rotary movement of the rotating civil engineering tool and, at the same time, a feed movement of the civil engineering tool are recorded over time.

Furthermore, at least one further processing parameter is recorded over time, which is essential for creating the columnar structure in the ground. From this, the evaluation unit can then create a clear three-dimensional column model of the columnar structure and display it directly on a display device on an operating or monitoring station, for example directly in the construction equipment.

For example, a machine operator can be shown immediately if the created columnar structure has an undesirable flaw in the floor. With this immediate display, the machine operator can immediately, in particular as long as an introduced cement suspension has not yet hardened, a Carry out rework with the civil engineering tool. Such prompt troubleshooting is much easier and more cost-effective to carry out than if a defect is only found in the floor when the structure is finished and cured.

In principle, any columnar structure can be created in the ground, such as an HDI element for an injection anchor or a lime or gravel column. It is particularly preferred according to the invention that a foundation pile is created in the ground as a columnar structure. The foundation pile is produced by material-removing drilling or by displacement drilling, a hardenable suspension being introduced into the drill hole produced.

According to a development of the invention, it is particularly advantageous that a drilling tool with an injection opening or an injection lance for injecting a hardenable suspension is used as the civil engineering tool and that a hardenable suspension is introduced into the ground by the rotating civil engineering tool to create the columnar structure . With such rotating drilling tools, the borehole can be created at the same time and the hardenable suspension can be introduced in the same or a subsequent operation. During this introduction, the drilling tool executes a helical movement with the injection opening, which is produced by a superposition between a rotary movement and a feed movement.

As a further operating parameter, each parameter can be recorded when creating the columnar structure in the ground, which allows a statement to be made about the created structure in the ground. It is particularly advantageous that an injection pressure, a pump pressure, an injection volume, a temperature, a tool deflection and / or a sound measurement value is recorded as at least one further operating parameter. These parameters can be recorded individually or in any combination with one another and used to generate the three-dimensional model. A particularly good statement about the introduction of a hardenable suspension can be recorded by measuring a tool deflection or a sound, as is the case, for example, in the documents mentioned in the introduction to the description EP 2 896 070 B1 respectively DE 196 22 282 C1 and is also known in principle to an average person skilled in the art.

According to a further variant of the method of the invention, it is preferred that the evaluation unit forms a helical time axis as a function of the rotational movement and feed movement recorded over time and that the at least one processing parameter recorded over time for forming the three-dimensional model is assigned to the helical time axis. The evaluation unit combines the determined rotary movement and the determined feed movement in such a way that no linear, straight time axis is formed, but a helical time axis. The central axis of the helical shape can preferably be a measure of the distance covered, that is to say the depth in the ground. If the at least one further parameter is now plotted over the helical time axis, this results in a clear representation that allows direct comparisons to the column structure actually created in the ground and, in particular, allows deviations and flaws to be easily identified.

It is particularly advantageous that the three-dimensional model of the columnar structure is formed by interpolation by the evaluation unit after the at least one processing parameter has been assigned to the helical time axis. The areas missing between the screw turns are mathematically determined by corresponding interpolation of the operating parameters that are opposite in the axial direction on the adjacent turns of the helical time axis. A linear interpolation is preferably provided here. In this way, a spatial, columnar model can be created relatively easily from a linear acquisition of a parameter.

A preferred variant of the method also consists in that the rotary movement is detected directly on a rotary drive or by a speed measuring element on the civil engineering tool. The speed measuring element can in particular be a speedometer. Alternatively, the rotary movement can also be picked up directly by a tachometer on the rotary drive.

In principle, the feed movement can be measured in any suitable manner. It is particularly preferred that the feed movement is detected directly on a feed drive or by a displacement measuring element on the civil engineering tool.

A particularly efficient civil engineering method is achieved according to a further development of the invention in that a three-dimensional target model for the columnar structure to be created in the ground is stored in the evaluation unit, and that the three-dimensional model determined for the columnar structure as an actual model by the evaluation unit is compared with the target model and that deviations between the target model and the actual model are displayed on a display device. These deviations can be viewed as flaws, especially if the outer circumference of the actual model does not correspond to the target model with its outer circumference. These flaws can preferably be shown on a colored display with a different color, for example the color red. A flaw or an insufficient formation of the columnar structure in the floor is thus immediately apparent to a machine operator. If the longitudinal axis of the columnar model corresponds to a vertical axis of the columnar structure in the ground, the depth at which there is a defect in the created columnar structure in the ground can also be determined directly. In this way, the machine operator can remedy this defect immediately by means of post-processing.

The construction device according to the invention is characterized in that an evaluation unit is provided which is connected to the at least one detection device and the sensor device, the evaluation unit being designed to create a three-dimensional model of the columnar structure based on the recorded data, and that a display device is provided with which the created three-dimensional model of the columnar structure can be displayed.

In particular, the method according to the invention described above can be carried out with the drilling device according to the invention. This results in the advantages described above.

The construction device can in particular be a drilling device for creating a foundation pile in the ground or an injection anchor.

According to a development of the invention, it is particularly preferred that the civil engineering tool is a drilling tool with an injection opening or an injection lance for injecting a curable suspension. A measured value is preferably used as a further processing parameter, which represents a measure for the curable suspension introduced per time and place.

A further advantageous embodiment of the drilling device according to the invention is that a speed measuring element is provided with which a rotational movement of the civil engineering tool can be detected over time, and / or that a displacement measuring element is provided with which a travel path of the civil engineering tool can be detected over time.

Fig. 1

einen Ausschnitt eines stark schematisierten Baugeräts bei der Herstellung einer säulenförmigen Struktur im Boden;

Fig. 2

ein Messdatenbeispiel einer Datenkurve einer gemessenen Schallintensität über die Zeit bei der Erstellung einer säulenförmigen Struktur im Boden gemäß der Anordnung von Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

eine helixförmige Darstellung der Zeitachse t über den Weg s, wobei ein 360°-Abschnitt der Helix einer Drehung des Tiefbauwerkzeuges gemäß Fig. 1 entspricht; und

Fig. 4

eine Veranschaulichung der schematischen Übertragung einer Rohdatenkurve gemäß Fig. 2 auf die helixförmige Zeitachse und die schematische Ermittlung eines dreidimensionalen säulenförmigen Modells hieraus.

The invention is explained below with reference to preferred exemplary embodiments which are shown schematically in the drawings. In the drawings show:

Fig. 1

a section of a highly schematic construction device in the production of a columnar structure in the ground;

Fig. 2

a measurement data example of a data curve of a measured sound intensity over time when creating a columnar structure in the ground according to the arrangement of FIG Fig. 1 ;

Fig. 3

a helical representation of the time axis t over the path s, with a 360 ° section of the helix according to a rotation of the civil engineering tool Fig. 1 is equivalent to; and

Fig. 4

an illustration of the schematic transmission of a raw data curve according to FIG Fig. 2 on the helical time axis and the schematic determination of a three-dimensional columnar model from it.

Fig. 1 shows schematically an embodiment of a construction device 100 according to the invention for producing a columnar structure 32 in a floor 3.

The construction equipment 100 comprises, as a civil engineering tool 10, a drill pipe with which an in Fig. 1 Borehole 5 shown in detail can be generated. An injection opening 20 is formed on the rod-shaped civil engineering tool 10. An injection medium 22 can flow through this from the civil engineering tool 10 into the ground 3 be expelled. The injection opening 20 can be rotated together with the civil engineering tool 10 or independently thereof about an axis of rotation 14, also called the drilling axis. This creates a columnar structure 32 which surrounds the rod-shaped civil engineering tool 10.

The ejected injection medium 22 penetrates up to a propagation depth 28. The propagation depth 28 is a radial distance which can be determined from the injection opening 20 or from the axis of rotation 14. Due to obstacles in the ground, the size of the propagation depth 28 can depend on the azimuth angle about the axis of rotation 14 and / or on the height of the injection opening 20 along the axis of rotation 14.

To measure the depth of propagation 28, a sensor device 40 is arranged on the civil engineering tool 10 so that it rotates with it. This receives a measurement signal, for example a sound signal. The injection noise can be used as the sound signal, or an acoustic signal can be transmitted with a transmitter, the reflections of which are measured as a sound signal by the sensor device 40. The signal can in particular be reflected back at an interface between the injection medium 22 and the soil 3.

For the determined propagation depth 28, the associated azimuthal direction is also determined, which indicates a rotational position of the injection opening 20 about the axis of rotation 14. For this purpose, gyroscopic measuring means 30 can be provided on the rod-shaped civil engineering tool 10. These detect a direction of movement 26 of at least part of the civil engineering tool 10. This movement is caused by the ejection of the injection medium 22. Therefore, an ejection direction 24 and the direction of movement 26 of the drill rod 10 are exactly opposite to one another. Thus, an electronic evaluation unit can be calculated from the measured values of the gyroscopic measuring means 30 of different ejection or output directions 24 of the injection opening 20. A correct rotational position can also be determined and recorded by recording the rotational angle or a rotational speed based on an initial rotational position.

For a 360 ° rotation of the injection opening 20, several different output directions 24 are preferably used one after the other with the gyroscopic measuring centers 30 and the associated depths of propagation 28 are forwarded to the evaluation unit. As a result, the dimensions of the columnar structure 32 formed in the ground can be determined with high accuracy.

In Fig. 2 a possible raw data curve is shown, which can be obtained with the arrangement of Fig. 2 is determined by a sound measurement. It shows Fig. 2 The sound intensity I measured periodically per revolution over a time axis t, which represents a measure of the depth of propagation of the injection medium 22 and thus as a measure of the external shape of the columnar structure 32 created in the ground. The columnar structure 32 can in particular be a foundation pile in the ground 3.

According to the invention, the raw data curve, which is not very meaningful, is transferred to a helical time axis t, which is shown schematically in FIG Fig. 3 is shown. The longitudinal axis s of the helical shape is a measure of the distance covered or the depth of the civil engineering tool 10 in the ground 3. A 360 ° winding of the helical shape represents a 360 ° rotation of the civil engineering tool 10 during operation, with the associated axial travel s with corresponds to an advance of the civil engineering tool 10 per revolution.

According to the helical time axis t formed in this way Fig. 3 can use the raw data curve according to Fig. 2 can be transferred with the sound value as a further processing parameter. From this, a simple mathematical interpolation can then be used in accordance with Fig. 4 a columnar model 50 is created and displayed on a display device, preferably on the construction equipment 100. The values for the sound intensity I can be plotted in a radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis s, so that an essentially cylindrical column shape is obtained. Due to deviations in the sound intensity, deviations can be recognized directly in the columnar model 50 as dents 52 or dents and thus as possible flaws in the created foundation pile.

Claims (12)

1. Foundation engineering method for producing a columnar structure (32) in the ground (3), in which a foundation engineering tool (10) is driven in a rotating manner about an axis of rotation (14) and introduced with a feeding motion into a ground (3), wherein as columnar structure (32) is produced in the ground (3), wherein a borehole is created by material-removing drilling or displacement drilling into which a curable suspension is introduced to form the columnar structure (32),
   characterized in that
   during the production of the columnar structure (32) a rotating motion and a feeding motion of the foundation engineering tool (10) are recorded over time and forwarded to an evaluation unit,
   in that by means of a sensor means (40) at least one further processing parameter is recorded over time during the production of the columnar structure (32) in the ground (3) and is forwarded to the evaluation unit and
   in that by the evaluation unit a three-dimensional model (50) of the columnar structure (32) is produced and displayed.
2. Foundation engineering method according to claim 1,
   characterized in that
   the columnar structure (32) is produced as a HDI element.
3. Foundation engineering method according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterized in that
   as foundation engineering tool (10) a drilling tool with injection opening (20) or an injection lance is used for injecting a hardenable suspension and
   in that a hardenable suspension is introduced into the ground (3) by the rotating foundation engineering tool (10) in order to produce the columnar structure (32).
4. Foundation engineering method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
   characterized in that
   as at least one further operating parameter an injection pressure, a pump pressure, an injection volume, a temperature, a tool deflection and/or a measured sound value is recorded.
5. Foundation engineering method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
   characterized in that
   by the evaluation unit a helical time axis is formed depending on the rotating motion and feeding motion recorded over time and
   in that the at least one processing parameter recorded over time is assigned to the helical time axis in order to form the three-dimensional model (50).
6. Foundation engineering method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
   characterized in that
   the rotating motion is directly recorded on a rotary drive or by a rotational-speed measuring element on the foundation engineering tool (10).
7. Foundation engineering method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
   characterized in that
   the feeding motion is directly recorded on a feed drive or by a distance measuring element on the foundation engineering tool (10).
8. Foundation engineering method according to any one of claims 5 to 7,
   characterized in that
   following assignment of the at least one processing parameter to the helical time axis the three-dimensional model (50) of the columnar structure (32) is formed through interpolation by the evaluation unit.
9. Foundation engineering method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
   characterized in that
   in the evaluation unit a three-dimensional target model is stored for the columnar structure (32) to be produced in the ground (3),
   in that by the evaluation unit the ascertained three-dimensional model (50) for the columnar structure (32) is compared as an actual model with the target model and in that on a display means deviations between the target model and the actual model are displayed.
10. Construction apparatus for producing a columnar structure (32) in the ground (3), in particular using a foundation engineering method according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
    having

    - a foundation engineering tool (10) which can be driven in a rotating manner about an axis of rotation (14) by means of a rotary drive and can be displaced in a feeding direction into the ground (3) by means of a feed drive wherein a borehole is created by material-removing drilling or displacement drilling into which a curable suspension is introduced to form a foundation pile as columnar structure,

    - at least one recording means for recording a rotating motion of the foundation engineering tool (10) and a feeding motion over time and

    - at least one sensor means (40) for recording at least one further processing parameter,

    characterized in that

    - an evaluation unit is provided which is connected to the at least one recording means and the sensor means (40), wherein the evaluation unit is designed to produce a three-dimensional model of the columnar structure (32) on the basis of the recorded data, and

    - in that a display means is provided, with which the produced three-dimensional model (50) of the columnar structure (32) can be displayed.
11. Construction apparatus according to claim 10,
    characterized in that
    the foundation engineering tool (10) is a drilling tool with injection opening (22) or an injection lance for injecting a hardenable suspension.
12. Construction apparatus according to claim 10 or 11,
    characterized in that
    a rotational-speed measuring element is provided, with which a rotating motion of the foundation engineering tool (10) can be recorded over time, and/or
    in that a distance measuring element is provided, with which a displacement distance of the foundation engineering tool (10) can be recorded over time.

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