EP3563111B1 - Green primary explosive - Google Patents
Green primary explosive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3563111B1 EP3563111B1 EP17908564.2A EP17908564A EP3563111B1 EP 3563111 B1 EP3563111 B1 EP 3563111B1 EP 17908564 A EP17908564 A EP 17908564A EP 3563111 B1 EP3563111 B1 EP 3563111B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dinitromethyl
- nitro
- imidazole
- iii
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims description 45
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 222
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 222
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 222
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 222
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 222
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 222
- ALTPWYBTSVCXIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(dinitromethyl)-5-nitro-1H-imidazole Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C=1N=CNC=1C([N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-] ALTPWYBTSVCXIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 197
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 164
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 148
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 148
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 95
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 82
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 82
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 76
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 59
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- HOXINJBQVZWYGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenbutatin oxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)C[Sn](O[Sn](CC(C)(C)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC(C)(C)C=1C=CC=CC=1)CC(C)(C)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC(C)(C)C=1C=CC=CC=1)CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 HOXINJBQVZWYGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910001914 chlorine tetroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- -1 copper metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 23
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- QSQUFRGBXGXOHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(iii) nitrate Chemical compound [Co].O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O QSQUFRGBXGXOHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021577 Iron(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical group [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical group [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii,iii) oxide Chemical group [Co]=O.O=[Co]O[Co]=O LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)iron;iron Chemical group [Fe].O[Fe]=O.O[Fe]=O UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical group [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000009 copper(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;carbonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019854 cupric carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011646 cupric carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021581 Cobalt(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical group [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JAWGVVJVYSANRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(3+) Chemical group [Co+3] JAWGVVJVYSANRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004698 iron complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- NQXWGWZJXJUMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].Cl[Fe+]Cl NQXWGWZJXJUMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- IEKWPPTXWFKANS-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlorocobalt Chemical compound Cl[Co](Cl)Cl IEKWPPTXWFKANS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- LHOWRPZTCLUDOI-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);triperchlorate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O LHOWRPZTCLUDOI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004700 cobalt complex Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- WETZJIOEDGMBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead styphnate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C([O-])=C1[N+]([O-])=O WETZJIOEDGMBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910002445 Co(NO3)3·6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- XWMKEDJAMVSHDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N N.[O-][N+](=O)C1=NC([N+]([O-])=O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)N1 Chemical compound N.[O-][N+](=O)C1=NC([N+]([O-])=O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)N1 XWMKEDJAMVSHDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BSUSEPIPTZNHMN-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);diperchlorate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BSUSEPIPTZNHMN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- IWMOUXZYHULGCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitro 2H-tetrazole-5-carboxylate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OC(=O)C1=NN=NN1 IWMOUXZYHULGCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
Definitions
- the invention relates to green primary explosive that can be used particularly at the defense industry and developed for the purpose of eliminating the environmental pollution and negative impact on the human health caused by lead containing explosives as a consequence of long-term use, and the synthesis method thereof.
- the primary explosives are the explosives that burn in very short time under atmospheric pressure, causing explosion.
- Lead azide or lead styphnate is used as primary explosive as they feature high thermal stability, offer ease of synthesizing and are cheap, but such lead containing explosives might cause environmental pollution as a consequence of long-term use. Furthermore, these explosives with high destructive power generates significant amount of energy, and has negative impacts with respect to human health. Due to the disadvantages arising from the lead, NATO decided to terminate use of primary explosives that contain lead, which, in turn, necessitated development of alternate compounds that can be used as primary explosive.
- the application no. US2012125493A1 mentions about a primary explosive and oxidizing system that contain bismuth oxide
- the application no. WO2016101057A1 mentions about a primary explosive and oxidizing system that contain tungsten oxide or tungstate compound, and mentions that said explosives are not toxic.
- the application no. CN104130275 discloses synthesis method for Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ATZ.2H 2 O compound that can be used as primary explosive, and mentions that said compound is environmentally friendly.
- environmentally friendly explosives are synthesized in aforementioned applications, said applications not only fail to achieve the efficiency and chemical properties of the primary explosives to the full extent, but also fails to produce explosives with required potency and stability.
- US4028154 discloses that ammonium 2,4,5-trinitroimidazole has an explosive performance comparable to RDX.
- US2008/091029 discloses lead-free primary explosives consisting of metal complexes with at least one 5-nitrotetrazolate as a ligand and iron (Fe) as a central atom.
- TALAWAR MAHADEV et al., Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, vol.63, pages 677-681 discloses bis-(5-nitro-2H tetrazolato-N2) tetraamino cobalt perchlorate (BNCP) as a potential replacement primary explosive for lead azide.
- the objective of the invention is to develop green primary explosive compounds that can be used particularly at the defense industry and developed for the purpose of eliminating the environmental pollution and negative impact on the human health caused by lead containing explosives as a consequence of long-term use, and the synthesis method thereof.
- Another objective of the invention is to is to ensure elimination of foreign dependency in the defense industry through use of our own resources in production of the primary explosive.
- Yet another objective of the invention is to ensure that cobalt or iron and zinc or copper compounds that are free of toxic metals and heavy transition metals that can be used as alternates in lieu of lead styphnate or lead azide are obtained.
- the invention is tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(II) or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(II), tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)hexafluorophosphate, tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)carbonate, tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)hexafluorophosphate or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)carbonate, ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II),
- the cobalt or iron complex of the invention that can be used as primary explosive material is tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(II) or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(II) which is characterized with formula II shown hereunder,
- M which is a constituent of Formula II, can be cobalt(II) or iron(II) ions. If constituent "M” is cobalt(II), it is characterized as tetraaminebis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl) imidazole cobalt(II), and if constituent "M” is iron(II), then it is characterized as tetraaminebis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl) imidazole iron(II).
- the cobalt or iron complexes of the invention are tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)hexafluorophosphate, tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)carbonate, tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)hexafluorophosphate or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)carbonate, which is characterized with formula III, obtained using 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole ligand characterized with formula I.
- M which is a constituent of Formula III, can be cobalt(III) or iron(III) ions, while “an” can be hexafluorophosphate (PF 6 - ) or carbonate (CO 3 -2 ). If constituent "M” is cobalt(III), "an” is either hexafluorophosphate or carbonate and can be characterized as 5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)hexafluorophosphate or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)carbonate, respectively; If constituent "M” is iron(III), then “an” is either hexafluorophosphate or carbonate, and can be characterized as tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)hexafluorophosphate or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)carbonate, respectively.
- the cobalt or iron complexes of the invention are ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), ammonium (diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) or sodium(diaminete
- M which is a constituent of Formula IV, can be cobalt(II/III) or iron(II/III) ions, while “kat” can be ammonium (NH 4 + ) or sodium (Na + ). If constituent "M” is cobalt (II/III), then “kat” is ammonium or sodium, and is characterized as ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III) or sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), respectively; If constituent "M” is iron (II/III), then "kat” is ammonium or sodium and is characterized as ammonium
- the cobalt or iron complexes of the invention are ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), sodium(hexakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), sodium(hexakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) or sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III), which is characterized with formula V, obtained using
- M which is a constituent of Formula V, can be cobalt(II/III) or iron(II/III) ions, while “kat” can be ammonium (NH 4 + ) or sodium (Na + ). If constituent "M” is cobalt (II/III), then “kat” is ammonium or sodium, and is characterized as ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), sodium(hexakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III) or sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), respectively; if constituent "M” is iron(II/III), then “kat” is ammonium or sodium, and is characterized as ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitro)
- the zinc or copper complexes of the invention are triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(II)hexafluorophosphate, triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(II)carbonate, triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(II)hexafluorophosphate or triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(II)carbonate, which is characterized with formula VI, obtained using 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole ligand characterized with formula I.
- M which is a constituent of Formula VI, can be zinc(II) or copper(II) ions, while “an” can be hexafluorophosphate or carbonate. If constituent "M” is zinc(II), then “an” is hexafluorophosphate or carbonate, and is characterized as triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(II)hexafluorophosphate or triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(II)carbonate, respectively; if constituent "M” is copper(II), then “an” is hexafluorophosphate or carbonate, and is characterized as triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(II)hexafluorophosphate or triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(II)carbonate, respectively.
- the zinc or copper complexes of the invention are ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cuprate(II), sodium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cuprate(II), ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)zincate(II) or sodium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)zincate(II), which is characterized with formula VII, obtained using 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole ligand characterized with formula I.
- M which is a constituent of Formula VII, can be zinc(II) or copper(II) ions, while “kat” can be ammonium or sodium. If constituent "M” is zinc(II), then “kat” is ammonium or sodium, and is characterized as ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole) zincate(II) or sodium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole) zincate(II), respectively; if constituent "M” is copper(II), then “kat” is ammonium or sodium, and is characterized as ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cuprate(II) or sodium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cuprate(II), respectively.
- cobalt (II)nitrate (Co(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O) is used in lieu of cobalt (III) nitrate in the synthesis method of (Co(NO 3 ) 3 .6H 2 O) Tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)hexafluorophosphate and tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)carbonate.
- ammonium carbonate (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ) solution prepared within water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide
- iron(II)nitrate Fe(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O
- iron(III)nitrate Fe(NO 3 ) 3 .6H 2 O
- ammonium carbonate (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ) solution prepared within water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide
- the new generation primary explosive of the invention that can be used in lieu of lead styphnate and/or lead azide particularly at the defense industry, developed for the purpose of eliminating the environmental pollution and negative impact on the human health caused by lead containing explosives as a consequence of long-term use, and the synthesis method thereof, is capable of presenting superior characteristics than other primary explosives.
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Description
- The invention relates to green primary explosive that can be used particularly at the defense industry and developed for the purpose of eliminating the environmental pollution and negative impact on the human health caused by lead containing explosives as a consequence of long-term use, and the synthesis method thereof.
- The security environment that the countries are facing today necessitates possessing powerful and deterrent armed forces. Having the competence of being able to support such deterrence in all respective fields is possible by means of developing a national defense industry. In this respect, self-sufficiency of the countries and development of defense industry products, production of which bases on domestic sources, is of paramount importance.
- The primary explosives are the explosives that burn in very short time under atmospheric pressure, causing explosion. Lead azide or lead styphnate is used as primary explosive as they feature high thermal stability, offer ease of synthesizing and are cheap, but such lead containing explosives might cause environmental pollution as a consequence of long-term use. Furthermore, these explosives with high destructive power generates significant amount of energy, and has negative impacts with respect to human health. Due to the disadvantages arising from the lead, NATO decided to terminate use of primary explosives that contain lead, which, in turn, necessitated development of alternate compounds that can be used as primary explosive.
- In the state of the art, the application no.
US2012125493A1 mentions about a primary explosive and oxidizing system that contain bismuth oxide, and the application no.WO2016101057A1 mentions about a primary explosive and oxidizing system that contain tungsten oxide or tungstate compound, and mentions that said explosives are not toxic. The application no.CN104130275 , on the other hand, discloses synthesis method for Cu(NH3)4ATZ.2H2O compound that can be used as primary explosive, and mentions that said compound is environmentally friendly. However, although environmentally friendly explosives are synthesized in aforementioned applications, said applications not only fail to achieve the efficiency and chemical properties of the primary explosives to the full extent, but also fails to produce explosives with required potency and stability. -
US4028154 discloses that ammonium 2,4,5-trinitroimidazole has an explosive performance comparable to RDX.US2008/091029 discloses lead-free primary explosives consisting of metal complexes with at least one 5-nitrotetrazolate as a ligand and iron (Fe) as a central atom. TALAWAR, MAHADEV et al., Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, vol.63, pages 677-681 discloses bis-(5-nitro-2H tetrazolato-N2) tetraamino cobalt perchlorate (BNCP) as a potential replacement primary explosive for lead azide. - The objective of the invention is to develop green primary explosive compounds that can be used particularly at the defense industry and developed for the purpose of eliminating the environmental pollution and negative impact on the human health caused by lead containing explosives as a consequence of long-term use, and the synthesis method thereof.
- Another objective of the invention is to is to ensure elimination of foreign dependency in the defense industry through use of our own resources in production of the primary explosive.
- Yet another objective of the invention is to ensure that cobalt or iron and zinc or copper compounds that are free of toxic metals and heavy transition metals that can be used as alternates in lieu of lead styphnate or lead azide are obtained.
- The invention is tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(II) or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(II), tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)hexafluorophosphate, tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)carbonate, tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)hexafluorophosphate or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)carbonate, ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) or sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III),ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), sodium(hexakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), sodium(hexakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) or sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III), triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(II)hexafluorophosphate, triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(II)carbonate, triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(II)hexafluorophosphate or triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(II)carbonate, ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cuprate(II), sodium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cuprate(II), ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)zincate(II) or sodium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)zincate(II) compounds, illustrated with formula II, III, IV, V, VI and VII, and that contain at least one of the cobalt, iron, zinc or copper metals that can be used as alternate primary explosive in lieu of lead styphnate or lead azide.
- The cobalt or iron complex of the invention that can be used as primary explosive material is tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(II) or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(II) which is characterized with formula II shown hereunder,
- Which is obtained using 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole ligand characterized with formula I shown hereunder.
- "M", which is a constituent of Formula II, can be cobalt(II) or iron(II) ions. If constituent "M" is cobalt(II), it is characterized as tetraaminebis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl) imidazole cobalt(II), and if constituent "M" is iron(II), then it is characterized as tetraaminebis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl) imidazole iron(II).
- The cobalt or iron complexes of the invention are tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)hexafluorophosphate, tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)carbonate, tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)hexafluorophosphate or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)carbonate, which is characterized with formula III, obtained using 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole ligand characterized with formula I.
- "M", which is a constituent of Formula III, can be cobalt(III) or iron(III) ions, while "an" can be hexafluorophosphate (PF6 -) or carbonate (CO3 -2). If constituent "M" is cobalt(III), "an" is either hexafluorophosphate or carbonate and can be characterized as 5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)hexafluorophosphate or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)carbonate, respectively; If constituent "M" is iron(III), then "an" is either hexafluorophosphate or carbonate, and can be characterized as tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)hexafluorophosphate or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)carbonate, respectively.
- The cobalt or iron complexes of the invention are ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) or sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III), which is characterized with formula IV, obtained using 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole ligand characterized with formula I.
- "M", which is a constituent of Formula IV, can be cobalt(II/III) or iron(II/III) ions, while "kat" can be ammonium (NH4 +) or sodium (Na+). If constituent "M" is cobalt (II/III), then "kat" is ammonium or sodium, and is characterized as ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III) or sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), respectively; If constituent "M" is iron (II/III), then "kat" is ammonium or sodium and is characterized as ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) or sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III), respectively.
- The cobalt or iron complexes of the invention are ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), sodium(hexakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), sodium(hexakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) or sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III), which is characterized with formula V, obtained using 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole ligand characterized with formula I.
- "M", which is a constituent of Formula V, can be cobalt(II/III) or iron(II/III) ions, while "kat" can be ammonium (NH4 +) or sodium (Na+). If constituent "M" is cobalt (II/III), then "kat" is ammonium or sodium, and is characterized as ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), sodium(hexakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III) or sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), respectively; if constituent "M" is iron(II/III), then "kat" is ammonium or sodium, and is characterized as ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), sodium(hexakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) or sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III), respectively.
- The zinc or copper complexes of the invention are triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(II)hexafluorophosphate, triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(II)carbonate, triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(II)hexafluorophosphate or triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(II)carbonate, which is characterized with formula VI, obtained using 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole ligand characterized with formula I.
- "M", which is a constituent of Formula VI, can be zinc(II) or copper(II) ions, while "an" can be hexafluorophosphate or carbonate. If constituent "M" is zinc(II), then "an" is hexafluorophosphate or carbonate, and is characterized as triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(II)hexafluorophosphate or triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(II)carbonate, respectively; if constituent "M" is copper(II), then "an" is hexafluorophosphate or carbonate, and is characterized as triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(II)hexafluorophosphate or triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(II)carbonate, respectively.
- The zinc or copper complexes of the invention are ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cuprate(II), sodium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cuprate(II), ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)zincate(II) or sodium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)zincate(II), which is characterized with formula VII, obtained using 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole ligand characterized with formula I.
- "M", which is a constituent of Formula VII, can be zinc(II) or copper(II) ions, while "kat" can be ammonium or sodium. If constituent "M" is zinc(II), then "kat" is ammonium or sodium, and is characterized as ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole) zincate(II) or sodium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole) zincate(II), respectively; if constituent "M" is copper(II), then "kat" is ammonium or sodium, and is characterized as ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cuprate(II) or sodium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cuprate(II), respectively.
- The synthesis method of tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(II) [Co(NH3)4(L)2] or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(II) [Fe(NH3)4(L)2] (Formula II), one of the developed cobalt or iron complexes of the invention that can be used as primary explosive comprises the process steps set forth hereunder;
- Dissolving Cobalt(II)nitrate (Co(NO3)2.6H2O) or iron (II) nitrate (Fe(NO3)2.6H2O) in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,
- Dropwise addition of ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared within water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution at equal amount by agitation,
- Refluxing the solution at 60-80°C for 1-3 hours as accompanied by surplus NH3 solution available in the medium,
- Reacting the tetraaminecarbonateocobalt(II) [Co(NH3)4CO3] complex or tetraaminecarbonateoiron(II) [Fe(NH3)4CO3] complex so obtained with perchloric acid (HClO4) solution at the room temperature,
- Refluxing the mixture for 2-3 hours at 75-90°C,
- Dropwise addition of ligand solution prepared in 2 equivalent mole of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to diaquatetraaminecobalt(II) perchlorate ([Co(NH3)4(H2O)2] (ClO4)2) solution or to diaquatetraamineiron(II) perchlorate ([Fe(NH3)4(H2O)2] (ClO4)2) solution so obtained,
- Separating, by filtering, the product so formed, and
- Drying the product so obtained.
- The synthesis method of tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III) hexafluorophosphate ([Co(NH)4(L)2]PF6) or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III) carbonate ([Co(NH3)4(L)2]2CO3) (Formula III), one of the developed cobalt complexes of the invention that can be used as primary explosive comprises the process steps set forth hereunder;
- Dissolving Cobalt (III)nitrate in (Co(NO3)3·6H2O) in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,
- Dropwise addition of ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared within water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution at equal amount by agitation,
- Refluxing the solution at 60-80°C for 1-3 hours as accompanied by surplus NH3 solution available in the medium,
- Reacting tetraaminecarbonateocobalt(III)nitrate [Co(NH3)4CO3]NO3 complex so obtained with perchloric acid (HClO4) solution at the room temperature,
- Refluxing the mixture for 2-3 hours at 75-90°C,
- Dropwise addition of the ligand solution prepared in 2 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to diaquatetraaminecobalt(III)perchlorate ([Co(NH3)4(H2O)2] (ClO4)3) solution so obtained,
- Separating tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt (III)perchlorate ([Co(NH)4(L)2]ClO4) so obtained by filtering,
- Dropwise addition of tetrabutylammoniumhexafluorophosphate ([(C4H9)4N]PF6) or ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared within water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide at an equivalent mole amount at minimum to [Co(NH)4(L)2]ClO4 solution prepared in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,
- Agitating the solution for 1-3 hours at room temperature,
- Separating, by filtering, the product so formed, and
- Drying the product so obtained.
- The same process steps can also be followed when cobalt (II)nitrate (Co(NO3)2.6H2O) is used in lieu of cobalt (III) nitrate in the synthesis method of (Co(NO3)3.6H2O) Tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)hexafluorophosphate and tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)carbonate. When Cobalt(II)nitrate (Co (NO3)2.6H2O) is used, the process step of oxidizing the product obtained after the process step of dropwise addition of ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared within water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution at equal amount by agitation by mixing the same with 1-3 mL 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution can be applied, and then the process can proceed with the process step of refluxing the solution at 60-80°C for 1-3 hours as accompanied by surplus NH3 solution available in the medium.
- The synthesis method of tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)hexafluorophosphate ([Fe(NH3)4(L)2]PF6) or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl) imidazole iron (III) carbonate ([Fe(NH3)4(L)2]2CO3) (Formula III), one of the developed iron complexes of the invention that can be used as primary explosive comprises the process steps set forth hereunder;
- Dissolving iron(III)nitrate (Fe(NO3)3.6H2O) in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,
- Dropwise addition of ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared within water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution at equal amount by agitation,
- Refluxing the solution at 60-80°C for 1-3 hours as accompanied by surplus NH3 solution available in the medium,
- Reacting tetraaminecarbonateoiron(III)nitrate [Fe(NH3)4CO3]NO3 complex so obtained with perchloric acid (HClO4) solution at the room temperature,
- Refluxing the mixture for 2-3 hours at 75-90°C,
- Dropwise addition of the ligand solution prepared in 2 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to diaquatetraamineiron(II)perchlorate ([Fe(NH3)4(H2O)2](ClO4)3) solution so obtained,
- Separating tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)perchlorate ([Fe(NH)4(L)2]ClO4) so obtained by filtering,
- Dropwise addition of tetrabutylammoniumhexafluorophosphate ([(C4H9)4N]PF6) or ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared within water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide at an equivalent mole amount at minimum to [Fe(NH)4(L)2]ClO4 solution prepared in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,
- Agitating the solution for 1-3 hours at room temperature,
- Separating, by filtering, the product so formed, and
- Drying the product so obtained.
- The same process steps can also be followed when iron(II)nitrate (Fe(NO3)2.6H2O) is used in lieu of iron(III)nitrate (Fe(NO3)3.6H2O) at the synthesis method of tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)hexafluorophosphate or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)carbonate. When Iron(II)nitrate (Fe(NO3)2·6H2O) is used, the process step of oxidizing the product obtained after the process step of dropwise addition of ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared within water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution at equal amount by agitation by mixing the same with 1-3 mL 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution can be applied, and then the process can proceed with the process step of Refluxing the solution at 60-80°C for 1-3 hours as accompanied by surplus NH3 solution available in the medium.
- The synthesis method of ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II) ((NH4)2[Co (NH3)2(L)4]), ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III) (NH4[Co(NH3)4(L)2]), ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II) ((NH4)2[Fe(NH3)2(L)4]) or ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) (NH4[Fe(NH3)4(L)2] (formula IV), one of the developed cobalt or iron complexes of the invention that can be used as primary explosive comprises the process steps set forth hereunder;
- Dissolving cobalt(II)nitrate (Co (NO3)2.6H2O), cobalt(III)nitrate (Co(NO3)3.6H2O), iron(II)nitrate (Fe(NO3)2.6H2O) or iron(III)nitrate (Fe(NO3)3.6H2O) in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,
- Dropwise addition of ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared in 2 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution by agitation,
- Refluxing the solution at 60-80°C for 1-3 hours as accompanied by surplus NH3 solution available in the medium,
- Reacting ammonium(diaminedicarbonateo)cobaltate(II) ((NH4)2[Co(NH3)2(CO3)2]), ammonium(diaminedicarbonateo)cobaltate(II) (NH4)[Co(NH3)2(CO3)2], ammonium(diaminedicarbonateo)ferrate(II) (NH4)2[Fe(NH3)2(CO3)] or ammonium(diaminedicarbonateo)ferrate(II) (NH4)[Fe(NH3)2(CO3)2] complex so obtained with perchloric acid solution at room temperature,
- Refluxing the mixture for 2-3 hours at 75-90°C,
- Dropwise addition of the ligand solution prepared in 4 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the tetraaquadiaminecobalt(II)perchlorate ([Co(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)2), tetraaquadiaminecobalt(III)perchlorate ([Co(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)3), tetraaquadiamineiron(II)perchlorate ([Fe(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)2) or tetraaquadiamineiron(III)perchlorate ([Fe(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)3) solution so obtained,
- Separating, by filtering, the product so formed, and
- Drying the product so obtained.
- When cobalt(II)nitrate (Co(NO3)2.6H2O) or iron(II)nitrate (Fe (NO3)2.6H2O) in the synthesis method of Ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III)or ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) is used, the process step of oxidizing the product obtained after the process step of dropwise addition of ammonium carbonate solution prepared in 2 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution by mixing with 1-3 mL 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution can be applied, and then the process can proceed with the process step of refluxing the solution at 60-80°C for 1-3 hours as accompanied by surplus NH3 solution available in the medium.
- The synthesis method of sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II) (Na2[Co(NH3)2(L)4]), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III) (Na[Co(NH3)4(L)2]), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II) (Na2[Fe(NH3)2(L)4]) or sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) (Na[Fe(NH3)4(L)2]) (formula IV), one of the developed cobalt or iron complexes of the invention that can be used as primary explosive comprises the process steps set forth hereunder;
- Dissolving cobalt(II)nitrate (Co(NO3)2.6H2O), cobalt(III)nitrate (Co(NO3)3.6H2O), iron(II)nitrate (Fe(NO3)2.6H2O) or iron(III)nitrate (Fe(NO3)3.6H2O) in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,
- Dropwise addition of ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared in 2 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution by agitation,
- Refluxing the solution at 60-80°C for 1-3 hours as accompanied by surplus NH3 solution available in the medium,
- Reacting ammonium(diaminedicarbonateo)cobaltate(II) ((NH4)2[Co(NH3)2(CO3)2]), ammonium(diaminedicarbonateo)cobaltate(II) (NH4)[Co(NH3)2(CO3)2], ammonium(diaminedicarbonateo)ferrate(II) (NH4)2[Fe(NH3)2(CO3)2] or ammonium(diaminedicarbonateo)ferrate(II) (NH4)[Fe(NH3)2(CO3)2] complex so obtained with perchloric acid solution at room temperature,
- Refluxing the mixture for 2-3 hours at 75-90°C,
- Dropwise addition of the ligand solution prepared in 4 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the diaminetetraaquacobalt(II)perchlorate ([Co(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)2), diaminetetraaquacobalt(III)perchlorate ([Co(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)3), diaminetetraaquairon(II)perchlorate ([Fe(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)2) or diaminetetraaquairon(III)perchlorate ([Fe(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)3) solution so obtained,
- Addition of sodium chloride (Nacl) to the mixture at an equivalent mole amount at minimum, and then agitation,
- Separating, by filtering, the product so formed, and
- Drying the product so obtained.
- When cobalt(II)nitrate (Co(NO3)2.6H2O) or iron(II)nitrate (Fe(NO3)2.6H2O) in the synthesis method of Sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobalt(II), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)iron(II) or sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) is used; the process step of oxidizing the product obtained after the process step of dropwise addition of ammonium carbonate solution prepared in 2 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution by mixing with 1-3 mL 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution can be applied, and then the process can proceed with the process step of refluxing the solution at 60-80°C for 1-3 hours as accompanied by surplus NH3 solution available in the medium.
- The synthesis method of ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II) ((NH4)4[Co(L)6]), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III) ((NH4)3[Co(L)6]), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II) ((NH4)4[Fe(L)6]) or ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) ((NH4)3[Fe(L)6]) (formula V), one of the developed cobalt or iron complexes of the invention that can be used as primary explosive comprises the process steps set forth hereunder;
- Dissolving cobalt(II)chloride (CoCl2.6H2O), cobalt(III)chloride (CoCl3.6H2O), iron(II)chloride (FeCl2.6H2O) or iron(III)chloride (FeCl3.6H2O) in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,
- Dropwise addition of the ligand solution prepared in 6 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution,
- Refluxing the mixture for 2-3 at 50-90°C,
- Addition of equivalent mole amount of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) to the mixture,
- Separating, by filtering, the product so formed, and
- Drying the product so obtained.
- When the cobalt(II)chloride (CoCl2.6H2O) or iron(II)chloride (FeCl2.6H2O) in the synthesis method of ammonium(hexakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III) or ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) is used; then the process step of oxidizing the solution in by mixing the same with 1-3 mL 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution can be applied after the process step of dissolving cobalt(II)chloride (CoCl2.6H2O) or iron(II)chloride in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide can be applied, and then the process can proceed with the process step of dropwise addition of the ligand solution prepared in 6 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution.
- The synthesis method of sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II) (Na4[Co(L)6]), sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III) (Na3[Co(L)6]), sodium(hexakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II) (Na4[Fe(L)6]) or sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) (Na3[Fe(L)6]) (formula V), one of the developed cobalt or iron complexes of the invention that can be used as primary explosive comprises the process steps set forth hereunder;
- Dissolving cobalt(II)chloride (CoCl2.6H2O), cobalt(III)chloride (CoCl3.6H2O), iron(II)chloride (FeCl2.6H2O) or iron(III)chloride (FeCl3.6H2O) in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,
- Dropwise addition of the ligand solution prepared in 6 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution,
- Refluxing the mixture for 2-3 at 50-90°C,
- Addition of equivalent mole amount of sodium chloride (NaCl) to the mixture,
- Separating, by filtering, the product so formed, and
- Drying the product so obtained.
- When the cobalt(II)chloride (CoCl2.6H2O) or iron(II)chloride (FeCl2.6H2O) in the synthesis method of sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), sodium(hexakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II) or sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) is used; then the process step of oxidizing the solution in by mixing the same with 1-3 mL 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution can be applied after the process step of dissolving cobalt(II)chloride (CoCl2.6H2O) or iron(II)chloride (FeCl2.6H2O) in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide, and then the process can proceed with the process step of dropwise addition of the ligand solution prepared in 6 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution.
- The synthesis method of triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(II)hexafluorophosphate ([Cu(NH3)3(L)]PF6), triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(II)carbonate ([Cu(NH3)3(L)]2CO3), triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(II)hexafluorophosphate ([Zn(NH3)3(L)]PF6) or triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl) imidazole zinc(II)carbonate ([Zn(NH3)3(L)]2CO3) (formula VI), one of the developed copper or zinc complexes of the invention that can be used as primary explosive comprises the process steps set forth hereunder;
- Dissolving copper(II)nitrate (Cu(NO3)2.5H2O) or zinc(II)nitrate (Zn(NO3)2) in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,
- Dropwise addition of ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared within water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution at equal amount by agitation,
- Refluxing the solution at 60-80°C for 1-3 hours as accompanied by surplus NH3 solution available in the medium,
- Reacting the triaminecarbonateocopper(II) ([Cu(NH3)3.(NH4)2CO3]NO3) or triaminecarbonateozinc(II) ([Zn(NH3)3.(NH4)2CO3]NO3) complexes with perchloric acid (HClO4) solution at the room temperature,
- Refluxing the mixture for 2-3 hours at 75-90°C,
- Dropwise addition of the ligand solution prepared in equivalent amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the aquatriaminecopper(II)perchlorate/nitrate ([Cu(NH3)3(H2O)](ClO4)2 or [Cu(NH3)3(H2O)](NO3)2) or aquatriaminezinc(II)perchlorate/nitrate ([Zn(NH3)3(H2O)](ClO4)2 or [Zn(NH3)3(H2O)](NO3)2) solution so obtained,
- Separating, by filtering, triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(II) perchlorate/nitrate ([Cu(NH4)3(L)]ClO4 or [Cu(NH4)3(L)]NO3) or triamine (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(II) perchlorate/nitrate ([Zn(NH4)3(L)]ClO4 or [Zn(NH4)3(L)]NO3) so obtained,
- Dropwise addition of tetrabutylammoniumhexafluorophosphate ([(C4H9)4N]PF6) or ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared in equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide at minimum to [Cu(NH4)3(L)]ClO4, [Cu(NH4)3(L)]NO3, [Zn(NH4)3(L)]ClO4 or [Zn(NH4)3(L)]NO3 solution prepared in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,
- Drying the product so obtained.
- The synthesis method of ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cuprate(II) ((NH4)2[Cu(L)4]), sodium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cuprate(II) (Na2[Cu(L)4]), ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)zincate(II) ((NH4)2[Zn(L)4]) or sodium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)zincate(II) (Na2[Zn(L)4]) (formula VII), one of the developed copper or zinc complexes of the invention that can be used as primary explosive comprises the process steps set forth hereunder;
- Dissolving 4 moles of ligand in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,
- Dropwise addition of copper chloride (CuCl2) or zinc chloride (ZnCl2) prepared in 1 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution by agitation,
- Refluxing the mixture for 2-3 hours at 50-85°C,
- Addition of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) or sodium chloride (NaCl) at an equivalent mole amount at minimum to the solution at room temperature,
- Separating, by filtering, the product so formed, and
- Drying the product so obtained.
- The foreign dependency is eliminated in the defense industry through use of our own resources in production of the compounds of the invention. In addition, environmentally friendly compounds are obtained as toxic metals and heavy transition metals are not used in the compound.
- The new generation primary explosive of the invention that can be used in lieu of lead styphnate and/or lead azide particularly at the defense industry, developed for the purpose of eliminating the environmental pollution and negative impact on the human health caused by lead containing explosives as a consequence of long-term use, and the synthesis method thereof, is capable of presenting superior characteristics than other primary explosives.
Claims (16)
- Compounds that can be used as primary explosive, and that allows elimination of the environmental pollution and negative impacts on the human health caused by lead containing explosives as a consequence of long-term use, and that contain one of the cobalt, iron, zinc or copper metals, characterized in that; said compounds are• the cobalt complex, shown with formula II; and in case M is cobalt (II), said compound is tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(II), or• the iron complex, shown with formula II; and in case M is iron (II); said compound is tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(II), or
• the cobalt complex, shown with formula III; and in case M is cobalt (III) and if an is hexafluorophosphate; said compound is tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)hexafluorophosphate, or• the cobalt complex, shown with formula III; and in case M is cobalt (III) and if an is carbonate; said compound is tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)carbonate, or• the iron complex, shown with formula III; and in case M is iron (II) and if an is hexafluorophosphate; said compound is tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)hexafluorophosphate, or• the iron complex, shown with formula III; and in case M is iron (III) and if an is carbonate; said compound is tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)carbonate, or
• cobalt complexes, shown with formula IV; and in case M is cobalt (II/III) and if kat is ammonium or sodium; said compound is ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), or sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), or ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III) or sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), or• iron complexes, shown with formula IV; and in case M is iron (II/III) and if kat is ammonium or sodium; said compound is ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) or sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III), or
• cobalt complexes, shown with formula V; and in case M is cobalt (II/III) and if kat is ammonium or sodium ; said compound is ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), sodium(hexakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III) or sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), or• iron complexes, shown with formula V; and in case M is iron (II/III) and if kat is ammonium or sodium; said compound is ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), sodium(hexakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) or sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III), or
• zinc complexes, shown with formula VI; and in case M is zinc (II) and if an is hexafluorophosphate or carbonate; said compound is triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(II)hexafluorophosphate or triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(II)carbonate, or• copper complexes, shown with formula VI; and in case M is copper (II) and if an is hexafluorophosphate or carbonate; said compound is triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(II)hexafluorophosphate or triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(II)carbonate, or
• zinc complexes, shown with formula VII; and in case M is zinc (II) and if kat is ammonium or sodium; said compound is ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)zincate(II) or sodium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)zincate(II), or• copper complexes, shown with formula VII; and in case M is copper (II) and if kat is ammonium or sodium ; said compound is ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cuprate(II) or sodium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cuprate(II), or
- A synthesis method of tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(II) or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(II), characterized in that it comprises process steps of;• Dissolving cobalt(II)nitrate (Co(NO3)2.6H2O) or iron(II)nitrate(Fe(NO3)2.6H2O) in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,• Dropwise addition of ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared within water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution at equal amount by agitation,• Refluxing the solution at 60-80°C for 1-3 hours as accompanied by surplus NH3 solution available in the medium,• Reacting tetraaminecarbonateocobalt(II) [Co(NH3)4CO3] complex or tetraaminecarbonateoiron(II) [Fe(NH3)4CO3] complex so obtained with perchloric acid (HClO4) solution at the room temperature,• Refluxing the mixture for 2-3 hours at 75-90°C,• Dropwise addition of 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole solution prepared in 2 equivalent mole of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to diaquatetraaminecobalt(II) perchlorate ([Co(NH3)4(H2O)2] (ClO4)2) solution or to diaquatetraamineiron(II) perchlorate ([Fe(NH3)4(H2O)2] (ClO4)2) solution so obtained,• Separating, by filtering, the product so formed, and• Drying the product so obtained.
- A synthesis method of tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)hexafluorophosphate or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)carbonate, characterized in that it comprises process steps of;• Dissolving cobalt(III)nitrate (Co(NO3)3.6H2O) in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,• Dropwise addition of ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared within water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution at equal amount by agitation,• Refluxing the solution at60-80°C for 1-3 hours as accompanied by surplus NH3 solution available in the medium,• Reacting tetraaminecarbonateocobalt(III)nitrate [Co(NH3)4CO3]NO3 complex so obtained with perchloric acid (HClO4) solution at the room temperature,• Refluxing the mixture for 2-3 hours at 75-90°C,• Dropwise addition of 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole solution prepared in 2 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to diaquatetraaminecobalt(III)perchlorate ([Co(NH3)4(H2O)2](ClO4)3) solution so obtained,• Separating tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)perchlorate ([Co(NH)4(L)2]ClO4) so obtained by filtering,• Dropwise addition of tetrabutylammoniumhexafluorophosphate ([(C4H9)4N]PF6) or ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared within water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide at an equivalent mole amount at minimum to [Co(NH)4(L)2]ClO4 solution prepared in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,• Agitating the solution for 1-3 hours at room temperature,• Separating, by filtering, the product so formed, and• Drying the product so obtained.
- A synthesis method of the compounds that can be used as primary explosive as mentioned in claim 3, characterized in that, when cobalt(II)nitrate (Co(NO3)2.6H2O) is used in lieu of cobalt(III)nitrate (Co(NO3)3.6H2O), the process step of oxidizing the product obtained after the process step of dropwise addition of ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared within water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution at equal amount by agitation by mixing the same with 1-3 mL 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution can be applied.
- A synthesis method of tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)hexafluorophosphate or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)carbonate, characterized in that it comprises process steps of;• Dissolving iron(III)nitrate (Fe(NO3)3.6H2O) in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,• Dropwise addition of ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared within water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution at equal amount by agitation,• Refluxing the solution at60-80°C for 1-3 hours as accompanied by surplus NH3 solution available in the medium,• Reacting the tetraaminecarbonateocobalt(II) [Co(NH3)4CO3] complex or tetraaminecarbonateoiron(II) [Fe(NH3)4CO3] complex so obtained with perchloric acid (HClO4) solution at the room temperature,• Refluxing the mixture for 2-3 hours at 75-90°C,• Dropwise addition of 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole solution prepared in 2 equivalent mole of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to diaquatetraaminecobalt(II) perchlorate ([Co(NH3)4(H2O)2] (ClO4)2) solution or to diaquatetraamineiron(II) perchlorate ([Fe(NH3)4(H2O)2] (ClO4)2) solution so obtained,• Separating tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)perchlorate ([Fe(NH)4(L)2]ClO4) so obtained by filtering,• Dropwise addition of tetrabutylammoniumhexafluorophosphate ([(C4H9)4N]PF6) or ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared within water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide at an equivalent mole amount at minimum to [Fe(NH)4(L)2]ClO4 solution prepared in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,• Agitating the solution for 1-3 hours at room temperature,• Separating, by filtering, the product so formed, and• Drying the product so obtained.
- A synthesis method of the compounds that can be used as primary explosive as mentioned in claim 5, characterized in that, when iron(II)nitrate (Fe(NO3)2.6H2O) is used in lieu of iron(III)nitrate (Fe(NO3)3.6H2O), the process step of oxidizing the product obtained after the process step of dropwise addition of ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared within water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution at equal amount by agitation by mixing the same with 1-3 mL 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution can be applied.
- A synthesis method of ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II) or ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) , characterized in that it comprises process steps of;• Dissolving cobalt(II)nitrate (Co(NO3)2.6H2O), cobalt(III)nitrate (Co(NO3)3.6H2O), iron(II)nitrate(Fe(NO3)2.6H2O) or iron(III)nitrate (Fe(NO3)3.6H2O) in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,• Dropwise addition of ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared in 2 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution by agitation,• Refluxing the solution at60-80°C for 1-3 hours as accompanied by surplus NH3 solution available in the medium,• Reacting ammonium(diaminedicarbonateo)cobaltate(II) ((NH4)2[Co(NH3)2(CO3)2]), ammonium(diaminedicarbonateo)cobaltate(III) (NH4)[Co(NH3)2(CO3)2], ammonium(diaminedicarbonateo)ferrate(II) (NH4)2[Fe(NH3)2(CO3)] or ammonium(diaminedicarbonateo)ferrate(III) (NH4)[Fe(NH3)2(CO3)2] complex so obtained with perchloric acid solution at room temperature,• Refluxing the mixture for 2-3 hours at 75-90°C,• Dropwise addition of the 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole solution prepared in 4 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the tetraaquadiaminecobalt(II)perchlorate ([Co(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)2), tetraaquadiaminecobalt(III)perchlorate ([Co(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)3), tetraaquadiamineiron(II)perchlorate ([Fe(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)2) or tetraaquadiaminecobaltiron(III)perchlorate ([Fe(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)3) solution so obtained,• Separating, by filtering, the product so formed, and• Drying the product so obtained.
- A synthesis method of the compounds that can be used as primary explosive as mentioned in claim 7, characterized in that, when cobalt(II)nitrate (Co(NO3)2.6H2O) or iron(II)nitrate (Fe(NO3)2.6H2O) is used; the process step of oxidizing the product obtained after the process step of dropwise addition of ammonium carbonate solution prepared in 2 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution by mixing with 1-3 mL 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution can be applied.
- A synthesis method of sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II) or sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III), characterized in that it comprises process steps of;• Dissolving cobalt(II)nitrate (Co(NO3)2.6H2O), cobalt(III)nitrate (Co(NO3)3.6H2O), iron(II)nitrate (Fe(NO3)2.6H2O) or iron(III)nitrate (Fe(NO3)3.6H2O) in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,• Dropwise addition of ammonium carbonate ((NH4]2CO3) solution prepared in 2 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution by agitation,• Refluxing the solution at60-80°C for 1-3 hours as accompanied by surplus NH3 solution available in the medium,• Reacting ammonium(diaminedicarbonateo)cobaltate(II) ((NH4)2[Co(NH3)2(CO3)2]), ammonium(diaminedicarbonateo)cobaltate(III) (NH4)[Co(NH3)2(CO3)2], ammonium(diaminedicarbonateo)ferrate(II) (NH4)2[Fe(NH3)2(CO3)2] or ammonium(diaminedicarbonateo)ferrate(III) (NH4)[Fe(NH3)2(CO3)2] complex so obtained with perchloric acid solution at room temperature,• Refluxing the mixture for 2-3 hours at 75-90°C,• Dropwise addition of the 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole solution prepared in 4 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the diaminetetraaquacobalt(II)perchlorate ([Co(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)2), diaminetetraaquacobalt(III)perchlorate ([Co(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)3), diaminetetraaquairon(II)perchlorate ([Fe(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)2) or diaminetetraaquairon(III)perchlorate ([Fe(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)3) solution so obtained,• Addition of sodium chloride (Nacl) to the mixture at an equivalent mole amount at minimum, and then agitation,• Separating, by filtering, the product so formed, and• Drying the product so obtained.
- A synthesis method of the compounds that can be used as primary explosive as mentioned in claim 9, characterized in that, when cobalt(II)nitrate (Co(NO3)2.6H2O) or iron(II)nitrate (Fe(NO3)2.6H2O) is used; the process step of oxidizing the product obtained after the process step of dropwise addition of ammonium carbonate solution prepared in 2 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution by mixing with 1-3 mL 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution can be applied.
- A synthesis method of ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II) or ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III), characterized in that it comprises process steps of;• Dissolving cobalt(II)chloride (CoCl2.6H2O), cobalt(III)chloride (CoCl3.6H2O), iron(II)chloride (FeCl2.6H2O) or iron(III)chloride (FeCl3.6H2O) in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,• Dropwise addition of the 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole solution prepared in 6 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution,• Refluxing the mixture for 2-3 hours at 50-90°C• Addition of equivalent mole amount of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) to the mixture,• Separating, by filtering, the product so formed, and• Drying the product so obtained.
- A synthesis method of the compounds that can be used as primary explosive as mentioned in claim 11, characterized in that, when cobalt(II)chloride (CoCl2.6H2O) or iron(II)chloride (FeCl2.6H2O) is used; the process step of oxidizing the product by mixing the solution with 1-3 ml 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution can be applied after the process step of dissolving cobalt(II)chloride (CoCl2.6H2O) or iron(II)chloride (FeCl2.6H2O) in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide.
- A synthesis method of sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), sodium(hexakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II) or sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III), characterized in that it comprises process steps of;• Dissolving cobalt(II)chloride (CoCl2.6H2O), cobalt(III)chloride (CoCl3.6H2O), iron(II)chloride (FeCl2.6H2O) or iron(III)chloride (FeCl3.6H2O) in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,• Dropwise addition of the 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole solution prepared in 6 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution,• Refluxing the mixture for 2-3 hours at 50-90°C,• Addition of equivalent mole amount of sodium chloride (NaCI) to the mixture,• Separating, by filtering, the product so formed, and• Drying the product so obtained.
- A synthesis method of the compounds that can be used as primary explosive as mentioned in claim 13, characterized in that, when cobalt(II)chloride (CoCl2.6H2O) or iron(II)chloride (FeCl2.6H2O) is used; the process step of oxidizing the product by mixing the solution with 1-3 ml 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution can be applied after the process step of dissolving cobalt(II)chloride (CoCl2.6H2O) or iron(II)chloride (FeCl2.6H2O) in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide.
- A synthesis method of triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(ll)hexafluorophosphate, triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(ll)carbonate, triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(ll)hexafluorophosphate or triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(II)carbonate, characterized in that it comprises process steps of;• Dissolving Copper(ll)nitrate (Cu(NO3)2.5H2O) or zinc(II)nitrate (Zn(NO3)2) in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,• Dropwise addition of ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared within water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution at equal amount by agitation,• Refluxing the solution at60-80°C for 1-3 hours as accompanied by surplus NH3 solution available in the medium,• Reacting the triaminecarbonateocopper(ll) ([Cu(NH3)3.(NH4)2CO3]NO3) or triaminecarbonateozinc(II) ([Zn(NH3)3.(NH4)2CO3]NO3) complexes with perchloric acid (HClO4) solution at the room temperature,• Refluxing the mixture for 2-3 hours at 75-90°C,• Dropwise addition of the 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole solution prepared in equivalent amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the aquatriaminecopper(ll)perchlorate/nitrate ([Cu(NH3)3(H2O)](ClO4)2 or [Cu(NH3)3(H2O)](NO3)2) or aquatriaminezinc(ll)perchlorate/nitrate ([Zn(NH3)3(H2O)](ClO4)2 or [Zn(NH3)3(H2O)](NO3)2) solution so obtained,• Separating, by filtering, triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(II) perchlorate/nitrate ([Cu(NH4)3(L)]ClO4 or [Cu(NH4)3(L)]NO3) or triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(II) perchlorate/nitrate ([Zn(NH4)3(L)]ClO4 or [Zn(NH4)3(L)]NO3) so obtained,• Dropwise addition of tetrabutylammoniumhexafluorophosphate ([(C4H9)4N]PF6) or ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3) solution prepared in equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide at minimum to [Cu(NH4)3(L)]ClO4, [Cu(NH4)3(L)]NO3, [Zn(NH4)3(L)]ClO4 or [Zn(NH4)3(L)]NO3 solution prepared in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,• Drying the product so obtained.
- A synthesis method of ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cuprate(ll), sodium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cuprate(II), ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)zincate(II) or sodium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)zincate(II), characterized in that it comprises process steps of;• Dissolving 4 moles of 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole solution in water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide,• Dropwise addition of copper chloride (CuCl2) or zinc chloride (ZnCl2) prepared in 1 equivalent mole amount of water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide to the solution by agitation,• Refluxing the mixture for 2-3 hours at 50-85°C,• Addition of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) or sodium chloride (NaCI) at an equivalent mole amount at minimum to the solution at room temperature,• Separating, by filtering, the product so formed, and• Drying the product so obtained.
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| PCT/TR2017/050640 WO2018203864A2 (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2017-12-08 | Green primary explosive |
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