EP3563111B1 - Ökologischer primärsprengstoff - Google Patents
Ökologischer primärsprengstoff Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3563111B1 EP3563111B1 EP17908564.2A EP17908564A EP3563111B1 EP 3563111 B1 EP3563111 B1 EP 3563111B1 EP 17908564 A EP17908564 A EP 17908564A EP 3563111 B1 EP3563111 B1 EP 3563111B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dinitromethyl
- nitro
- imidazole
- iii
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims description 45
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 222
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 222
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 222
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 222
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 222
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 222
- ALTPWYBTSVCXIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(dinitromethyl)-5-nitro-1H-imidazole Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C=1N=CNC=1C([N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-] ALTPWYBTSVCXIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 197
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 164
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 148
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 148
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 95
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 82
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 82
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 76
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 59
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- HOXINJBQVZWYGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenbutatin oxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)C[Sn](O[Sn](CC(C)(C)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC(C)(C)C=1C=CC=CC=1)CC(C)(C)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC(C)(C)C=1C=CC=CC=1)CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 HOXINJBQVZWYGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910001914 chlorine tetroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- -1 copper metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 23
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- QSQUFRGBXGXOHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(iii) nitrate Chemical compound [Co].O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O QSQUFRGBXGXOHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021577 Iron(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical group [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical group [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii,iii) oxide Chemical group [Co]=O.O=[Co]O[Co]=O LBFUKZWYPLNNJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)iron;iron Chemical group [Fe].O[Fe]=O.O[Fe]=O UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical group [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000009 copper(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;carbonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019854 cupric carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011646 cupric carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021581 Cobalt(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical group [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JAWGVVJVYSANRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(3+) Chemical group [Co+3] JAWGVVJVYSANRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004698 iron complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- NQXWGWZJXJUMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].Cl[Fe+]Cl NQXWGWZJXJUMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- IEKWPPTXWFKANS-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlorocobalt Chemical compound Cl[Co](Cl)Cl IEKWPPTXWFKANS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- LHOWRPZTCLUDOI-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);triperchlorate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O LHOWRPZTCLUDOI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004700 cobalt complex Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- WETZJIOEDGMBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead styphnate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C([O-])=C1[N+]([O-])=O WETZJIOEDGMBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910002445 Co(NO3)3·6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- XWMKEDJAMVSHDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N N.[O-][N+](=O)C1=NC([N+]([O-])=O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)N1 Chemical compound N.[O-][N+](=O)C1=NC([N+]([O-])=O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)N1 XWMKEDJAMVSHDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BSUSEPIPTZNHMN-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);diperchlorate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BSUSEPIPTZNHMN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- IWMOUXZYHULGCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitro 2H-tetrazole-5-carboxylate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OC(=O)C1=NN=NN1 IWMOUXZYHULGCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
Definitions
- the invention relates to green primary explosive that can be used particularly at the defense industry and developed for the purpose of eliminating the environmental pollution and negative impact on the human health caused by lead containing explosives as a consequence of long-term use, and the synthesis method thereof.
- the primary explosives are the explosives that burn in very short time under atmospheric pressure, causing explosion.
- Lead azide or lead styphnate is used as primary explosive as they feature high thermal stability, offer ease of synthesizing and are cheap, but such lead containing explosives might cause environmental pollution as a consequence of long-term use. Furthermore, these explosives with high destructive power generates significant amount of energy, and has negative impacts with respect to human health. Due to the disadvantages arising from the lead, NATO decided to terminate use of primary explosives that contain lead, which, in turn, necessitated development of alternate compounds that can be used as primary explosive.
- the application no. US2012125493A1 mentions about a primary explosive and oxidizing system that contain bismuth oxide
- the application no. WO2016101057A1 mentions about a primary explosive and oxidizing system that contain tungsten oxide or tungstate compound, and mentions that said explosives are not toxic.
- the application no. CN104130275 discloses synthesis method for Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ATZ.2H 2 O compound that can be used as primary explosive, and mentions that said compound is environmentally friendly.
- environmentally friendly explosives are synthesized in aforementioned applications, said applications not only fail to achieve the efficiency and chemical properties of the primary explosives to the full extent, but also fails to produce explosives with required potency and stability.
- US4028154 discloses that ammonium 2,4,5-trinitroimidazole has an explosive performance comparable to RDX.
- US2008/091029 discloses lead-free primary explosives consisting of metal complexes with at least one 5-nitrotetrazolate as a ligand and iron (Fe) as a central atom.
- TALAWAR MAHADEV et al., Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, vol.63, pages 677-681 discloses bis-(5-nitro-2H tetrazolato-N2) tetraamino cobalt perchlorate (BNCP) as a potential replacement primary explosive for lead azide.
- the objective of the invention is to develop green primary explosive compounds that can be used particularly at the defense industry and developed for the purpose of eliminating the environmental pollution and negative impact on the human health caused by lead containing explosives as a consequence of long-term use, and the synthesis method thereof.
- Another objective of the invention is to is to ensure elimination of foreign dependency in the defense industry through use of our own resources in production of the primary explosive.
- Yet another objective of the invention is to ensure that cobalt or iron and zinc or copper compounds that are free of toxic metals and heavy transition metals that can be used as alternates in lieu of lead styphnate or lead azide are obtained.
- the invention is tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(II) or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(II), tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)hexafluorophosphate, tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)carbonate, tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)hexafluorophosphate or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)carbonate, ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II),
- the cobalt or iron complex of the invention that can be used as primary explosive material is tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(II) or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(II) which is characterized with formula II shown hereunder,
- M which is a constituent of Formula II, can be cobalt(II) or iron(II) ions. If constituent "M” is cobalt(II), it is characterized as tetraaminebis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl) imidazole cobalt(II), and if constituent "M” is iron(II), then it is characterized as tetraaminebis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl) imidazole iron(II).
- the cobalt or iron complexes of the invention are tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)hexafluorophosphate, tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)carbonate, tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)hexafluorophosphate or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)carbonate, which is characterized with formula III, obtained using 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole ligand characterized with formula I.
- M which is a constituent of Formula III, can be cobalt(III) or iron(III) ions, while “an” can be hexafluorophosphate (PF 6 - ) or carbonate (CO 3 -2 ). If constituent "M” is cobalt(III), "an” is either hexafluorophosphate or carbonate and can be characterized as 5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)hexafluorophosphate or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)carbonate, respectively; If constituent "M” is iron(III), then “an” is either hexafluorophosphate or carbonate, and can be characterized as tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)hexafluorophosphate or tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole iron(III)carbonate, respectively.
- the cobalt or iron complexes of the invention are ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), ammonium (diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) or sodium(diaminete
- M which is a constituent of Formula IV, can be cobalt(II/III) or iron(II/III) ions, while “kat” can be ammonium (NH 4 + ) or sodium (Na + ). If constituent "M” is cobalt (II/III), then “kat” is ammonium or sodium, and is characterized as ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III) or sodium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), respectively; If constituent "M” is iron (II/III), then "kat” is ammonium or sodium and is characterized as ammonium
- the cobalt or iron complexes of the invention are ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), sodium(hexakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), sodium(hexakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(II), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III) or sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)ferrate(III), which is characterized with formula V, obtained using
- M which is a constituent of Formula V, can be cobalt(II/III) or iron(II/III) ions, while “kat” can be ammonium (NH 4 + ) or sodium (Na + ). If constituent "M” is cobalt (II/III), then “kat” is ammonium or sodium, and is characterized as ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), sodium(hexakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(II), ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III) or sodium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cobaltate(III), respectively; if constituent "M” is iron(II/III), then “kat” is ammonium or sodium, and is characterized as ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitro)
- the zinc or copper complexes of the invention are triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(II)hexafluorophosphate, triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(II)carbonate, triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(II)hexafluorophosphate or triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(II)carbonate, which is characterized with formula VI, obtained using 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole ligand characterized with formula I.
- M which is a constituent of Formula VI, can be zinc(II) or copper(II) ions, while “an” can be hexafluorophosphate or carbonate. If constituent "M” is zinc(II), then “an” is hexafluorophosphate or carbonate, and is characterized as triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(II)hexafluorophosphate or triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole zinc(II)carbonate, respectively; if constituent "M” is copper(II), then “an” is hexafluorophosphate or carbonate, and is characterized as triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(II)hexafluorophosphate or triamine(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole copper(II)carbonate, respectively.
- the zinc or copper complexes of the invention are ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cuprate(II), sodium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cuprate(II), ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)zincate(II) or sodium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)zincate(II), which is characterized with formula VII, obtained using 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole ligand characterized with formula I.
- M which is a constituent of Formula VII, can be zinc(II) or copper(II) ions, while “kat” can be ammonium or sodium. If constituent "M” is zinc(II), then “kat” is ammonium or sodium, and is characterized as ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole) zincate(II) or sodium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole) zincate(II), respectively; if constituent "M” is copper(II), then “kat” is ammonium or sodium, and is characterized as ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cuprate(II) or sodium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole)cuprate(II), respectively.
- cobalt (II)nitrate (Co(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O) is used in lieu of cobalt (III) nitrate in the synthesis method of (Co(NO 3 ) 3 .6H 2 O) Tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)hexafluorophosphate and tetraaminebis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazole cobalt(III)carbonate.
- ammonium carbonate (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ) solution prepared within water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide
- iron(II)nitrate Fe(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O
- iron(III)nitrate Fe(NO 3 ) 3 .6H 2 O
- ammonium carbonate (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ) solution prepared within water, acetonitrile, alcohol, acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, hexane, pentane, toluene or dimethyl sulfoxide
- the new generation primary explosive of the invention that can be used in lieu of lead styphnate and/or lead azide particularly at the defense industry, developed for the purpose of eliminating the environmental pollution and negative impact on the human health caused by lead containing explosives as a consequence of long-term use, and the synthesis method thereof, is capable of presenting superior characteristics than other primary explosives.
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Claims (16)
- Verbindungen, die als primärer Explosivstoff verwendet werden können und die es erlauben, die Umweltverschmutzung und die negativen Auswirkungen auf die menschliche Gesundheit zu vermeiden, die durch bleihaltige Explosivstoffe in Folge einer langfristigen Verwendung entstehen, und die eines der Kobalt-, Eisen-, Zink- oder Kupfermetalle enthalten, dadurch gekennzeichnet; dass, die besagten Verbindungen• der Kobaltkomplex angegeben mit der Formel II sind; und im Falle, dass M Kobalt (II) ist, die besagte Verbindung Tetraaminbis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Kobalt (II) ist, oder• der Eisenkomplex angegeben mit der Formel II sind; und im Falle, dass M Eisen (II) ist, die besagte Verbindung Tetraaminbis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Eisen (II) ist, oder
• der Kobaltkomplex, angegeben mit der Formel III; und im Falle, dass M Kobalt (III) ist und wenn an Hexafluorphosphat ist; ist die besagte Verbindung Tetraaminbis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Kobalt (lll)Hexafluorophosphat, oder• der Kobaltkomplex, angegeben mit der Formel III; und im Falle, dass M Kobalt (III) ist und wenn an Karbonat ist; ist die besagte Verbindung Tetraaminbis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Kobalt (III)Karbonat, oder• der Eisenkomplex, angegeben mit der Formel III; und im Falle, dass M Eisen (II) ist und wenn an Hexafluorphosphat ist; ist die besagte Verbindung Tetraaminbis (4-nitro- 5(dinitromethyl)imidazol Eisen (III)Hexafluorophosphat, oder• der Eisenkomplex, angegeben mit der Formel III; und im Falle, dass M Eisen (III) ist und wenn an Karbonat ist; ist die besagte Verbindung Tetraaminbis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Kobalt (III)Eisen, oder
• Kobaltkomplexe, angegeben mit der Formel IV; und im Falle, dass M Kobalt (II/III) ist und wenn kat Ammonium oder Natrium ist; ist die besagte Verbindung Ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol) kobaltat (III) oder Natrium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)kobaltat(II), oder Ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)kobaltat(III) oder Natrium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)kobaltat(III), oder• Eisenkomplexe, angegeben mit der Formel IV; und im Falle, dass M Eisen (II/III) ist und wenn kat Ammonium oder Natrium ist; ist die besagte Verbindung Ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol) ferrat (II), Natrium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)ferrat(II),Ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)ferrat(III)oder Natrium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)ferrat(III), oder
• Kobaltkomplexe, angegeben mit der Formel V; und im Falle, dass M Kobalt (II/III) ist und wenn kat Ammonium oder Natrium ist; ist die besagte Verbindung Ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol) kobaltat (II), Natrium(hexakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)kobaltat(II), Ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)kobaltat(III) oder Natrium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)kobaltat(III) oder• Eisenkomplexe, angegeben mit der Formel V; und im Falle, dass M Eisen (II/III) ist und wenn kat Ammonium oder Natrium ist; ist die besagte Verbindung Ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol) ferrat (II), Natrium(hexakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)ferrat(II), Ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)ferrat(III) oder Natrium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)ferrat(III), oder
• Zinkkomplexe, angegeben mit der Formel VI; und im Falle, dass M Zink (II) ist und wenn an Hexafluorophosphat oder Karbonat ist; ist die besagte Verbindung Triaimin(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Zink (II)Hexafluorophosphat oder Triaimin(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Zink (II)karbonat, oder• Kupferkomplexe, angegeben mit der Formel VI; und im Falle, dass M Kupper (II) ist und wenn an Hexafluorophosphat oder Karbonat ist, ist die besagte Verbindung Triaimin(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Kupper (II)Hexafluorophosphat oder Triaimin(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Kupper (II)karbonat, oder
• Zinkkomplexe, angegeben mit der Formel VII; und im Falle, dass M Zink (II) ist und wenn kat Ammonium oder Natrium ist, ist die besagte Verbindung Ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol) zinkat (II) oder Natrium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)zinkat(II), oder• Zinkkomplexe, angegeben mit der Formel VII; und im Falle, dass M Zink (II) ist und wenn kat Ammonium oder Natrium ist, ist die besagte Verbindung Ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol) zinkat (II)oderNatrium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)zinkat(II), oder
- Syntheseverfahren für Tetraaminbis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Kobalt (II) oder Tetraaminbis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Eisen (II), dadurch gekennzeichnet; dass es die folgenden Verfahrensschritte umfasst;• Auflösen von Kobalt (II)nitrat (Co(NO3)2.6H2O) oder Eisen (II)nitrat (Fe(NO3)2.6H2O) in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid,• Zugabe von in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten Ammoniumkarbonat ((NH4)2CO3) Lösung tropfenweise in gleicher Menge unter Schütteln zu der Lösung,• Rückfluss der Lösung bei 60-80°C für 1-3 Stunden, da im Medium überschüssige NH3 Lösung verfügbar ist,• Umsetzung des so erhaltenen Tetraaminkarbonat-Kobalt (II)-[Co(NH3)4CO3] Komplexes oder Tetraaminkarbonat-Eisen(II)-[Fe(NH3)4CO3] Komplexes mit Perchlorsäure (HClO4) Lösung bei Raumtemperatur,• Rückfluss der Mischung für 2-3 Stunden bei 75-90°C,• Zugabe von in 2 äquivalenten Mol Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten 4-Nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol Lösung tropfenweise zu einem so erhaltenen Diaquatetraamin-Kobalt (II)perchlorat ([Co(NH3)4(H2O)2] (ClO4)2) Lösung oder zu einer Diaquatetraamin-Eisen (II)perchlorat ([Fe(NH3)4(H2O)2] (ClO4)2)Lösung,• Trennen des so gebildeten Produkts durch Filtrieren, und• Trocknen des so erhaltenen Produkts.
- Syntheseverfahren für Tetraaminbis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Kobalt (III)Hexafluorophosphat oder Tetraaminbis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Kobalt (III)Karbonat, dadurch gekennzeichnet; dass es die folgenden Verfahrensschritte umfasst;• Auflösen von kobalt (III)nitrat (Co(NO3)3.6H2O) in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid,• Zugabe von in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten Ammoniumkarbonat ((NH4)2CO3) Lösung tropfenweise in gleicher Menge unter Schütteln zu der Lösung,• Rückfluss der Lösung bei 60-80°C für 1-3 Stunden, da im Medium überschüssige NH3 Lösung verfügbar ist,• Umsetzung des so erhaltenen Tetraaminkarbonat-Kobalt (III)Nitrat-[Co(NH3)4CO3]NO3 Komplexes mit Perchlorsäure (HClO4) Lösung bei Raumtemperatur,• Rückfluss der Mischung für 2-3 Stunden bei 75-90°C,• Zugabe von in 2 äquivalenten Mol-Mengen Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten 4-Nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol Lösung tropfenweise zu einer so erhaltenen Diaquatetraamin-Kobalt (III)perchlorat ([Co(NH3)4(H2O)2] (ClO4)3) Lösung,• Trennen des so erhaltenen Tetraaminbis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Kobalt (III)Perchlorats ([Co(NH)4(L)2]ClO4) durch Filtration,• Zugabe von in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten Tetrabutylammoniumhexafluorophosphat-([(C4H9)4N]PF6) oder Ammoniumkarbonat-((NH4)2CO3) Lösungen tropfenweise in einer mindestens äquivalenten Mol-Menge zu einer in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten [Co(NH)4(L)2]ClO4 Lösung,• Schütteln die Lösung für 1-3 Stunden bei Raumtemperatur,• Trennen des so gebildeten Produkts durch Filtrieren, und• Trocknen des so erhaltenen Produkts.
- Syntheseverfahren für die Verbindungen, die als primärer Explosivstoff gemäß Anspruch 3 verwendet werden können, dadurch gekennzeichnet; dass wenn Kobalt(II)nitrat (Co(NO3)2.6H2O) anstelle von Kobalt(III)nitrat (Co(NO3)3.6H2O) verwendet wird, kann der Verfahrensschritt des Oxidierens des Produkts, das nach dem Verfahrensschritt der tropfenweisen Zugabe von in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten Ammoniumkarbonat ((NH4)2CO3) Lösung zu der Lösung in gleicher Menge unter Schütteln erhalten wurde, durch Mischen derselben mit 1-3 mL 3% Wasserstoffperoxid (H2O2) Lösung angewendet werden.
- Syntheseverfahren für Tetraaminbis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Eisen (III)Hexafluorophosphat oder Tetraaminbis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Eisen (III)Karbonat, dadurch gekennzeichnet; dass es die folgenden Verfahrensschritte umfasst;• Auflösen von Eisen (III)Nitrat (Fe(NO3)3-6H2O) in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid,• Zugabe von in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten Ammoniumkarbonat ((NH4)2CO3) Lösung tropfenweise in gleicher Menge unter Schütteln zu der Lösung,• Rückfluss der Lösung bei 60-80°C für 1-3 Stunden, da im Medium überschüssige NH3 Lösung verfügbar ist,• Umsetzung des so erhaltenen Tetraaminkarbonat-Kobalt (II)-[Co(NH3)4CO3] Komplexes oder Tetraaminkarbonat-Eisen (II)-[Fe(NH3)4CO3] Komplexes mit Perchlorsäure (HClO4) Lösung bei Raumtemperatur,• Rückfluss der Mischung für 2-3 Stunden bei 75-90°C,• Zugabe von in 2 äquivalenten Mol Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten 4-Nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol Lösung tropfenweise zu einem so erhaltenen Diaquatetraamin-Kobalt (II)perchlorat ([Co(NH3)4(H2O)2] (ClO4)2) Lösung oder zu einer Diaquatetraamin-Eisen (II)perchlorat ([Fe(NH3)4(H2O)2] (ClO4)2) Lösung,• Trennen des so erhaltenen Tetraaminbis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Eisen (III)Perchlorats ([Fe(NH)4(L)2]ClO4) durch Filtration,• Zugabe von in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten Tetrabutylammoniumhexafluorophosphat-([(C4H9)4N]PF6) oder Ammoniumkarbonat-((NH4)2CO3) Lösungen tropfenweise in einer mindestens äquivalenten Mol-Menge zu einer in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten [Fe (NH)4(L)2]ClO4 Lösung,• Schütteln die Lösung für 1-3 Stunden bei Raumtemperatur,• Trennen des so gebildeten Produkts durch Filtrieren, und• Trocknen des so erhaltenen Produkts.
- Syntheseverfahren für die Verbindungen, die als primärer Explosivstoff gemäß Anspruch 5 verwendet werden können, dadurch gekennzeichnet; dass wenn Eisen(II)nitrat (Fe(NO3)2-6H2O) anstelle von Eisen(III)nitrat Fe(NO3)3-6H2O) verwendet wird, kann der Verfahrensschritt des Oxidierens des Produkts, das nach dem Verfahrensschritt der tropfenweisen Zugabe von in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten Ammoniumkarbonat ((NH4)2CO3) Lösung zu der Lösung in gleicher Menge unter Schütteln erhalten wurde, durch Mischen derselben mit 1-3 mL 3% Wasserstoffperoxid (H2O2) Lösung angewendet werden.
- Syntheseverfahren für Ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol) kobaltat (II), ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)kobaltat(III), Ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)ferrat(II) oder Ammonium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)ferrat(III), dadurch gekennzeichnet; dass es die folgenden Verfahrensschritte umfasst;• Auflösen von Kobalt (II)nitrat, (Co(NO3)2.6H2O) Kobalt (III)nitrat (Co(NO3)3.6H2O), Eisen(II)nitrat (Fe(NO3)2.6H2O) oder Eisen(III)nitrat (Fe(NO3)3.6H2O) in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid,• Zugabe von in 2 äquivalenten Mol-Mengen Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten Ammoniumkarbonat ((NH4)2CO3) Lösung tropfenweise unter Schütteln zu der Lösung,• Rückfluss der Lösung bei 60-80°C für 1-3 Stunden, da im Medium überschüssige NH3 Lösung verfügbar ist,• Umsetzung des so erhaltenen Ammonium(diamindikarbonat)kobaltat (II) ((NH4)2[Co(NH3)2(CO3)2]), Ammonium(diamindikarbonat)kobaltat(III) (NH4)[Co(NH3)2(CO3)2], Ammonium(diamindikarbonat)ferrat(II) (NH4)2[Fe(NH3)2(CO3)] oder Ammonium(diamindikarbonat)ferrat(III) (NH4)[Fe(NH3)2(CO3)2] Komplexes, mit Perchlorsäure Lösung bei Raumtemperatur,• Rückfluss der Mischung für 2-3 Stunden bei 75-90°C,• Zugabe von in 4 äquivalenten Mol-Mengen Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten 4-Nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol Lösung tropfenweise zu einer so erhaltenen Tetraaquadiamin-Kobalt(II)perchlorat ([Co(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)2), Tetraaquadiamin-Kobalt(III)perchlorat([Co(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)3), Tetraaquadiamin-Eisen(II)perchlorat ([Fe(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)2) oder Tetraaquadiamin-Kobalt-Eisen(III)perchlorat ([Fe(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)3) Lösung,• Trennen des so gebildeten Produkts durch Filtrieren, und• Trocknen des so erhaltenen Produkts.
- Syntheseverfahren für die Verbindungen, die als primärer Explosivstoff gemäß Anspruch 7 verwendet werden können, dadurch gekennzeichnet; dass wenn Kobalt(II)nitrat (Co(NO3)2.6H2O) oder Eisen(II)nitrat (Fe(NO3)2.6H2O)verwendet wird; kann der Verfahrensschritt des Oxidierens des Produkts, das nach dem Verfahrensschritt der tropfenweisen Zugabe von in 2 äquivalente Mol-Menge Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten Ammoniumkarbonat Lösung zu der Lösung erhalten wurde, durch Mischen mit 1-3 mL 3% Wasserstoffperoxid (H2O2) Lösung angewendet werden.
- Syntheseverfahren für Natrium (diaminetetrakis (4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)kobaltat(II), Natrium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)kobaltat(III), Natrium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)ferrat(II) oder Natrium(diaminetetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)ferrat(III), dadurch gekennzeichnet; dass es die folgenden Verfahrensschritte umfasst;• Auflösen von Kobalt (II)nitrat, (Co(NO3)2.6H2O) Kobalt (III)nitrat (Co(NO3)3.6H2O), Eisen(II)nitrat (Fe(NO3)2.6H2O) oder Eisen(III)nitrat (Fe(NO3)3.6H2O) in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid,• Zugabe von in 2 äquivalenten Mol-Mengen Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten Ammoniumkarbonat ((NH4)2CO3) Lösung tropfenweise unter Schütteln zu der Lösung,• Rückfluss der Lösung bei 60-80°C für 1-3 Stunden, da im Medium überschüssige NH3 Lösung verfügbar ist,• Umsetzung des so erhaltenen Ammonium(diamindikarbonat)kobaltat (II) ((NH4)2[Co(NH3)2(CO3)2]), Ammonium(diamindikarbonat)kobaltat(III) (NH4)[Co(NH3)2(CO3)2], Ammonium(diamindikarbonat)ferrat(II) (NH4)2[Fe(N H3)2(CO3)2] oder Ammonium(diamindikarbonat)ferrat(III) (NH4)[Fe(NH3)2(CO3)2] Komplexes, mit Perchlorsäure Lösung bei Raumtemperatur,• Rückfluss der Mischung für 2-3 Stunden bei 75-90°C,• Zugabe von in 4 äquivalenten Mol-Mengen Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten 4-Nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol Lösung tropfenweise zu einer so erhaltenen Diaminetetraaquakobalt(II)perchlorat ([Co(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)2), Diaminetetraaquakobalt(III)perchlorat ([Co(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)3), Diaminetetraaquairon(II)perchlorat ([Fe(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)2) oder Diaminetetraaquairon(III)perchlorat ([Fe(NH3)2(H2O)4](ClO4)3) Lösung,• Zugabe von Natriumchlorid (Nacl) zu der Mischung in einer mindestens äquivalenten Mol-Menge und dann Schütteln,• Trennen des so gebildeten Produkts durch Filtrieren, und• Trocknen des so erhaltenen Produkts.
- Syntheseverfahren für die Verbindungen, die als primärer Explosivstoff gemäß Anspruch 9 verwendet werden können, dadurch gekennzeichnet; dass wenn Kobalt(II)nitrat (Co(NO3)2.6H2O) oder Eisen(II)nitrat (Fe(NO3)2.6H2O) verwendet wird; kann der Verfahrensschritt des Oxidierens des Produkts, das nach dem Verfahrensschritt der tropfenweisen Zugabe von in 2 äquivalente Mol-Menge Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten Ammoniumkarbonat Lösung zu der Lösung erhalten wurde, durch Mischen mit 1-3 mL 3% Wasserstoffperoxid (H2O2) Lösung angewendet werden.
- Syntheseverfahren für Ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol) kobaltat (II), Ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)kobaltat(III), Ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)ferrat(II) oder Ammonium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)ferrat(III), dadurch gekennzeichnet; dass es die folgenden Verfahrensschritte umfasst;• Auflösen von Kobalt (II)Chlorid (CoCl2.6H2O), Kobalt (III)Chlorid (CoCl3.6H2O), Eisen(II)Chlorid (FeCl2.6H20) oder Eisen (III)Chlorid (FeCl3.6H20) in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid,• Zugabe von in 6 äquivalenten Mol-Mengen Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)Imidazole Lösung tropfenweise zu der Lösung,• Rückfluss der Mischung für 2-3 Stunden bei 50-90°C,• Zugabe einer äquivalenten Mol-Menge Ammoniumchlorid (NH4Cl) zu der Mischung,• Trennen des so gebildeten Produkts durch Filtrieren, und• Trocknen des so erhaltenen Produkts.
- Syntheseverfahren für die Verbindungen, die als primärer Explosivstoff gemäß Anspruch 11 verwendet werden können, dadurch gekennzeichnet; dass wenn Kobalt(II)Chlorid (CoCl2.6H2O) oder Eisen(II)Chlorid (FeCl2.6H2O) verwendet wird; kann der Verfahrensschritt des Oxidierens des Produkts durch Mischen der Lösung mit 1-3 ml 3% Wasserstoffperoxid Lösung (H2O2) nach dem Verfahrensschritt des Auflösens von Kobalt(II)Chlorid (CoCl2.6H2O) oder Eisen(II)Chlorid (FeCl2.6H2O) in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid angewendet werden.
- Syntheseverfahren für Natrium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol) kobaltat (II), Natrium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol) kobaltat(III), Natrium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)ferrat(II) oder Natrium(hexakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)ferrat(III), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die folgenden Verfahrensschritte umfasst;• Auflösen von Kobalt (II)Chlorid (CoCl2.6H2O), Kobalt (III)Chlorid (CoCl3.6H2O), Eisen (II)Chlorid (FeCl2.6H2O) oder Eisen(III)Chlorid (FeCl3.6H2O) in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid,• Zugabe von in 6 äquivalenten Mol-Mengen Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)Imidazole Lösung tropfenweise zu der Lösung,• Rückfluss der Mischung für 2-3 Stunden bei 50-90°C,• Zugabe einer äquivalenten Mol-Menge Natriumchlorid (NaCl) zu der Mischung,• Trennen des so gebildeten Produkts durch Filtrieren, und• Trocknen des so erhaltenen Produkts.
- Syntheseverfahren für die Verbindungen, die als primärer Explosivstoff gemäß Anspruch 13 verwendet werden können, dadurch gekennzeichnet; dass wenn Kobalt(II)Chlorid (CoCl2.6H2O) oder Eisen(II)Chlorid (FeCl2.6H2O) verwendet wird; kann der Verfahrensschritt des Oxidierens des Produkts durch Mischen der Lösung mit 1-3 ml 3% Wasserstoffperoxid Lösung (H2O2) nach dem Verfahrensschritt des Auflösens von Kobalt(II)Chlorid (CoCl2.6H2O) oder Eisen(II)Chlorid (FeCl2.6H20) in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid angewendet werden.
- Syntheseverfahren für Triamin(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Kupfer (II)Hexafluorophosphat, Triamin(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Kupfer (II)karbonat, Triamin(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Zink (II)Hexafluorophosphat oder Triamin(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Zink(II)karbonat, dadurch gekennzeichnet; dass es die folgenden Verfahrensschritte umfasst;• Auflösen von Kupfer (II)nitrat (Cu(NO3)2.5H2O) oder Zink (II)nitrat (Zn(NO3)2) in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid,• Zugabe von in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten Ammoniumkarbonat ((NH4)2CO3) Lösung tropfenweise in gleicher Menge unter Schütteln zu der Lösung,• Rückfluss der Lösung bei 60-80°C für 1-3 Stunden, da im Medium überschüssige NH3 Lösung verfügbar ist,• Umsetzung des Triaminkarbonat-Kupfer (II)-([Cu(NH3)3.(NH4)2CO3]NO3)) oder Triaminkarbonat-Zink (II) Komplexes ([Zn(NH3)3.(NH4)2CO3]NO3) mit Perchlorsäure (HClO4) Lösung bei Raumtemperatur,• Rückfluss der Mischung für 2-3 Stunden bei 75-90°C,• Zugabe von in äquivalenten Menge Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten 4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)Imidazole Lösung tropfenweise zu der so erhaltenen Aquatriaminkupfer (II)perchlorat/Nitrat ([Cu(NH3)3(H2O)](ClO4)2 oder [Cu(NH3)3(H2O)](NO3)2) oder Aquatriaminzink (II)perchlorat/Nitrat ([Zn(NH3)3(H2O)](ClO4)2 oder [Zn(NH3)3(H2O)](NO3)2) Lösung,• Trennen, so erhaltene Triamin(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Kupfer (II)perchlorat/nitrat ([Cu(NH4)3(L)]ClO4 oder [Cu(NH4)3(L)]NO3) oder Triamin(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol-Zink(II)perchlorat/nitrat ([Zn(NH4)3(L)]ClO4 oder[Zn(NH4)3(L)]NO3), durch Filtrieren,• Zugabe von in einer äquivalenten Mol-Menge Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten Tetrabutylammoniumhexafluorophosphat-([(C4H9)4N]PF6) oder Ammoniumkarbonat-((NH4)2CO3) Lösungen tropfenweise in einer mindestens zu einer in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten[Cu(NH4)3(L)]CO4, [Cu(NH4)3(L)]NO3, [Zn(NH4)3(L)]ClO4 oder [Zn(NH4)3(L)]NO3 Lösung, • Trocknen des so erhaltenen Produkts.
- Syntheseverfahren für Ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol) cuprat (II), Natrium(tetrakis(4-nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)cuprat(II), Ammonium(tetrakis(4-nitro- 5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)zinkat(II) oder Natrium(tetrakis(4-nitro- 5(dinitromethyl)imidazol)zinkat(II), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die folgenden Verfahrensschritte umfasst;• Auflösen von 4 Molen 4-Nitro-5(dinitromethyl)imidazol Lösung in Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid,• Zugabe von in 1 äquivalenten Mol-Menge Wasser, Acetonitril, Alkohol, Aceton, Dichlormethan, Dimethylformamid, Hexan, Pentan, Toluol oder Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten Kupferchlorid (CuCl2) oder Zinkchlorid (ZnCl2) tropfenweise unter Schütteln zu der Lösung,• Rückfluss der Mischung für 2-3 Stunden bei 50-85°C,• Zugabe von Ammoniumchlorid (NH4Cl) oder Natriumchlorid (NaCl) zu der Mischung in einer mindestens äquivalenten Mol-Menge bei Raumtemperatur,• Trennen des so gebildeten Produkts durch Filtrieren, und• Trocknen des so erhaltenen Produkts.
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| PCT/TR2017/050640 WO2018203864A2 (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2017-12-08 | Green primary explosive |
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