EP3561257A1 - Combustion engine and operating method thereof - Google Patents
Combustion engine and operating method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3561257A1 EP3561257A1 EP19170058.2A EP19170058A EP3561257A1 EP 3561257 A1 EP3561257 A1 EP 3561257A1 EP 19170058 A EP19170058 A EP 19170058A EP 3561257 A1 EP3561257 A1 EP 3561257A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- combustion engine
- internal combustion
- switching element
- overflow
- opening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 200
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003828 downregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
- F02B25/02—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders using unidirectional scavenging
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
- F02B25/02—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders using unidirectional scavenging
- F02B25/04—Engines having ports both in cylinder head and in cylinder wall near bottom of piston stroke
- F02B25/06—Engines having ports both in cylinder head and in cylinder wall near bottom of piston stroke the cylinder-head ports being controlled by working pistons, e.g. by sleeve-shaped extensions thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
- F02B33/02—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps
- F02B33/28—Component parts, details or accessories of crankcase pumps, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, subgroups F02B33/02 - F02B33/26
- F02B33/30—Control of inlet or outlet ports
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M23/00—Apparatus for adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture
- F02M23/02—Apparatus for adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture with personal control, or with secondary-air valve controlled by main combustion-air throttle
- F02M23/03—Apparatus for adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture with personal control, or with secondary-air valve controlled by main combustion-air throttle the secondary air-valve controlled by main combustion-air throttle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M23/00—Apparatus for adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture
- F02M23/04—Apparatus for adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture with automatic control
- F02M23/06—Apparatus for adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture with automatic control dependent on engine speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
- F02B33/02—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps
- F02B33/04—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps with simple crankcase pumps, i.e. with the rear face of a non-stepped working piston acting as sole pumping member in co-operation with the crankcase
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
- F02D9/04—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning exhaust conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M23/00—Apparatus for adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture
- F02M2023/008—Apparatus for adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture by injecting compressed air directly into the combustion chamber
Definitions
- the invention relates to an internal combustion engine of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 and a method for its operation.
- the invention has for its object to provide an internal combustion engine of the generic type, can be achieved with the improved emissions. Another object of the invention is to provide a method of operating the internal combustion engine, which enables the improvement of the exhaust gas values.
- the internal combustion engine has a cylinder, a crankcase and at least one first overflow channel.
- the overflow channel is in the area of the lower Tot Vietnamese the piston a fluidic connection between a crankcase interior and a cylinder formed in the combustion chamber ago.
- the first overflow channel is connected to the crankcase interior via a first orifice and opens into the combustion chamber with at least one first overflow window.
- the overflow channel can be formed as an unbranched channel or be branched and have multiple overflow.
- the internal combustion engine has a fuel supply device, which supplies fuel between the first transfer port and the first port into the first transfer port.
- the first overflow channel has a connection opening, at which the first overflow channel is connected to the crankcase interior.
- the connection opening is provided with a switching element for switching the connection opening.
- the mouth opening designates the opening from the crankcase into the first overflow channel.
- the mouth opening may be provided in the crankcase or be advantageously formed between the crankcase and cylinder.
- connection opening of the overflow channel to the crankcase is closed when the switching element is closed.
- connection opening preferably no fuel / air mixture or clean air passes through the connection opening into the crankcase.
- the fuel supply means may be a carburetor, an electronically controlled carburetor or a fuel injector.
- the fuel injection device can advantageously inject the fuel into the intake channel, into the crankcase and / or into at least one overflow channel.
- the fuel supply device is provided for supplying fuel between the first transfer port and the port opening into the first transfer port.
- the fuel can be supplied into the first overflow channel or through the first overflow channel into the crankcase interior. If the connection opening is closed, then, for example, fuel, fuel / air mixture or air can be supplied into the overflow channel.
- crankcase interior passes advantageously closed at the connection opening no fuel / air mixture.
- a small amount of fuel / air mixture can be supplied into the crankcase interior.
- the fuel / air mixture passes advantageously via the orifice into the crankcase interior.
- a residual cross section of the connecting opening remains open, is supplied via the fuel / air mixture in the crankcase interior.
- substantially fuel-free air is advantageously supplied via these further overflow channels when the connection opening is closed.
- This air is advantageously used to flush out exhaust gases from the combustion chamber. This is especially at low speeds of the engine, for example, idle, advantageous.
- the connection opening is closed or predominantly closed, the fuel is advantageously supplied to the combustion chamber essentially via the first overflow channel. This can ensure that even at low speeds, a sufficient amount of fuel enters the combustion chamber.
- the amount of fuel supplied per engine cycle is advantageously the amount of fuel injected for this engine cycle, since the amount of fuel injected into the first transfer port is advantageously fed into the combustion chamber during each engine cycle.
- a precise metering of the fuel per engine cycle is possible, especially with a warm internal combustion engine.
- the amount of fuel supplied into the combustion chamber may deviate from the injected fuel quantity, for example, when fuel on cold walls of the Intake duct, the overflow or the crankcase precipitates and is thus not supplied to the combustion chamber in this engine cycle.
- a mixture with fuel / air mixture from previous engine cycles in the crankcase interior can be advantageously avoided when the connection opening.
- the comparatively small quantities of fuel required during idling can be metered well when the connection opening is closed and, in particular when the fuel is fed directly into the overflow channel, can be fed precisely to the combustion chamber. It is particularly possible, in engine cycles to which no combustion is to take place, to supply fuel by means of the fuel supply device. Since advantageous in the crankcase no significant amount of fuel is present, the combustion chamber is flushed with largely fuel-free air, and flushing losses at idle are reduced.
- connection opening is open.
- fuel / air mixture can be supplied through the first overflow channel into the crankcase interior.
- the fuel / air mixture ensures sufficient lubrication of the moving parts in the crankcase interior.
- the connection opening is open, the section of the first overflow channel between the connection opening and the outlet opening is advantageously without function.
- the internal combustion engine is a rinse master motor, then the entire volume of the overflow channel between the at least one overflow window and the connection opening for upstream air is largely available. This is expedient especially at high speeds, preferably at full load.
- the internal combustion engine is advantageously a rinse template motor.
- the internal combustion engine is advantageously a slot-controlled rinsing template motor by means of a piston.
- the internal combustion engine advantageously has a feed channel for air.
- the supply channel for air is advantageous in the region of top dead center of the piston with the transfer channels connected near the overflow windows.
- the supply channel for air advantageously leads into at least one overflow channel, in particular into all outlet-near transfer channels fuel-free or largely fuel-free air. This largely fuel-free air occurs, as soon as the overflow windows open during the downward stroke of the piston in the combustion chamber, into the combustion chamber and flushes the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber. Subsequently, advantageous fuel / air mixture flows into the combustion chamber. As a result, flushing losses, ie the proportion of unburned fuel that escapes through the outlet, are reduced.
- the switching element releases the flow cross section of the connection opening in a first switching position.
- the switching valve in a second switching position closes the flow cross-section of the connection opening at least partially. Also intermediate positions of the switching element, in which the connection opening is partially opened, may be advantageous.
- the switching element completely closes the flow cross-section of the connection opening in the second switching position.
- the entire amount of fuel is supplied into the overflow channel in the second switching position.
- the switching element in the second switching position leaves a small residual flow cross section of the connection opening open, so that small amounts of fuel can be used to lubricate the moving parts in the crankcase in the crankcase interior.
- a complete closing of the connection opening by the switching element in the second switching position is particularly advantageous when the internal combustion engine next to the first overflow further overflow channels.
- Characterized in that the switching element in the second switching position completely closes the flow cross-section of the connection opening it is avoided that fuel can pass from the crankcase interior into the combustion chamber via the further overflow channels.
- the fuel supply can thus in such a further embodiment over the controlled by means of the switching element first overflow. Thereby, the combustion chamber purge can be improved and the passage of unburned fuel into the outlet of the internal combustion engine can be reduced.
- the switching element is a mechanical switching element.
- the switching element may in particular be a rotary valve, a slide or a flap.
- the switching element is independent of the rotational position of the crankshaft between the first switching position and the second switching position adjustable.
- a control device for controlling the switching element is provided.
- the control device can advantageously be an electrical or electronic control device.
- a mechanical control of the switching element may be advantageous.
- control device is designed for actuating the switching element as a function of the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine.
- the switching element is at low speeds, in particular at idle, in the second switching position, in which the switching element at least partially closes the flow cross-section of the connecting opening.
- the fuel is introduced predominantly, in particular completely, into the first overflow channel at low rotational speeds.
- the switching element is in the first switching position.
- the connection opening is advantageously opened.
- the switching element is located during acceleration in the second switching position.
- the connection opening is advantageously closed.
- the switching element is at least temporarily in the second switching position in the region of the final rotational speed.
- the switching element is in the range of the final speed only briefly in the second switching position and at least temporarily in the first switching position to ensure adequate lubrication of the moving parts in the crankcase.
- the fuel supply is completely suspended when decelerating, so come down.
- the switching element is in the second switching position when fuel is supplied again at a subsequent acceleration. Characterized in that the switching element is in the second switching position, fed into the first overflow fuel quickly into the combustion chamber. This avoids a delay in the re-acceleration.
- the internal combustion engine advantageously has a throttle element which serves to control at least a subset of the combustion air quantity supplied to the internal combustion engine.
- the combustion air can be supplied as pure air or in the form of fuel / air mixture.
- the throttle element may in particular be arranged in an intake channel for air or a feed channel for fuel / air mixture and be controlled by an operator.
- the control device is formed in an advantageous design for actuating the switching element as a function of the position of the throttle element.
- the switching element can be dependent on the speed be operated of the internal combustion engine and / or in dependence of the position of the throttle element.
- the internal combustion engine has means which, in the first switching position of the switching element, at least partially, in particular completely, interrupt the connection of the crankcase interior with the combustion chamber via the first overflow channel.
- the switching element itself forms the means for interrupting the connection of the crankcase interior with the combustion chamber via the first overflow channel.
- the first overflow channel can advantageously be divided into a first channel section and at least one second channel section.
- the first passage section of the first transfer passage advantageously has the connection opening to the crankcase.
- the first channel section of the first overflow channel advantageously extends from the mouth opening to below the switching element or to the connection opening.
- the second channel section of the overflow channel advantageously extends as far as the overflow window, in particular from above the switching element to the overflow window.
- the switching element in the first switching position closes the second channel section of the first overflow channel.
- at least the second channel section of the first overflow channel is advantageously inoperative in the first switching position of the switching element.
- the second channel section of the first overflow channel between the connection opening and the overflow window is closed.
- the first channel section between the mouth opening and the connection opening is advantageously connected at both ends to the crankcase interior and thus also without function.
- the fuel supply device advantageously has a fuel valve.
- the fuel valve can advantageously be controlled so that fuel is introduced into the overflow channel only over part of an engine cycle.
- fuel is introduced into the overflow channel, while the overflow windows are open to the combustion chamber and combustion air flows from the crankcase interior via the at least one overflow channel into the combustion chamber.
- the fuel valve feeds the fuel into the first overflow channel.
- the fuel valve is advantageously arranged so that an outlet opening of the fuel valve for fuel is arranged on the first overflow channel.
- the fuel can be metered precisely to the cycle directly into the overflow channel. In engine cycles where no combustion is to take place, the fuel supply may be suspended.
- the internal combustion engine has an intake passage for supplying fuel / air mixture, which opens into the first transfer port.
- improved fuel conditioning can be achieved.
- the fuel is supplied into the intake passage via an injection valve.
- other means for supplying fuel such as a gasifier may be advantageous.
- From the combustion chamber leads advantageously an outlet. Exhaust gases can be led out of the combustion chamber and, for example, into a silencer via the outlet opening.
- the first overflow window is in particular arranged opposite the outlet opening on the cylinder.
- At least one further overflow window of a further overflow channel is preferably arranged on the circumference of the cylinder bore between the first overflow window and the outlet opening, via which combustion air or mixture flows from the crankcase interior into the combustion chamber.
- the combustion air flowing into the combustion chamber via the at least one further overflow channel separates the mixture flowing into the combustion chamber via the first overflow channel from the exhaust gases flowing to the outlet opening.
- a valve is arranged at the first mouth opening.
- the valve at the first orifice is in particular a check valve.
- the first orifice is only opened to the crankcase interior when the pressure in the overflow channel is smaller than the pressure in the crankcase, the overflow window is thus opened to the combustion chamber.
- the engine has a supply channel for supplying largely fuel-free air.
- the feed channel opens advantageously with an inlet opening on the cylinder bore.
- the feed channel is advantageously connected in at least one position of the piston, in particular in the region of the top dead center of the piston, with at least one second transfer port of a second transfer port.
- the inlet opening of the feed channel opens in the region of the top dead center of the piston in the crankcase interior.
- the inlet opening is positioned and the piston dimensioned such that the piston skirt at least partially releases the inlet opening on the cylinder bore in the region of top dead center of the piston.
- the piston advantageously at least partially releases the inlet opening on the cylinder bore in the area of top dead center.
- the switching element releases the flow cross section of the connection opening in a first switching position and at least partially closes the flow cross section of the connection opening in a second switching position.
- the switching element is advantageously adjusted as a function of the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine between the first switching position and the second switching position.
- the switching element is exceeded when a first speed which is above an idling speed is exceeded and / or when a first speed is exceeded Opening angle of the throttle element, is adjusted in the first switching position, and that the switching element is adjusted when falling below the first speed and / or falls below the first opening angle of the throttle element in the second switching position.
- the switching element Above the first speed and / or above the first opening angle of the throttle element, the switching element is thereby always in the first switching position in which the flow cross-section of the connection opening is released, and below the first speed and / or below the first opening angle of the throttle element in the second Switching position in which the switching element at least partially closes the flow cross section of the connection opening.
- Fig. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of an internal combustion engine 1.
- the internal combustion engine 1 is advantageously a two-stroke engine.
- the internal combustion engine 1 is a single-cylinder engine.
- the internal combustion engine 1 is advantageous The drive motor of a tool of a hand-held work tool such as a power saw, a cutoff grinder, a brushcutter, a blower or the like.
- the internal combustion engine 1 has a cylinder 2 and a crankcase 4.
- a crankcase interior 24 is formed, in which a in Fig. 1 schematically illustrated crankshaft 7 is rotatably mounted.
- a piston 5 is reciprocally mounted in the direction of a cylinder longitudinal axis 49.
- the piston 5 separates a cylinder 2 formed in the combustion chamber 3 from the crankcase interior 24.
- the piston 5 drives via a connecting rod 6, the crankshaft 7 about a rotational axis 8 to rotate.
- the crankshaft 7 rotates in the embodiment in the operation of the internal combustion engine 1 in a rotational direction 9.
- a feed channel 10 opens with an inlet opening 12.
- the inlet opening 12 is advantageously arranged on a cylinder bore 2 formed in the cylinder bore 31 and controlled by the piston 5.
- an adjustable throttle element 11 is arranged, which can be advantageously opened by operating a throttle lever by an operator.
- the throttle element 11 may be a throttle valve.
- the piston 5 is located in the in Fig. 1 shown position in the area of bottom dead center (UT).
- the internal combustion engine 1 has a first overflow channel 14, which opens into the combustion chamber 3 with an overflow window 15.
- the overflow window 15 is slot-controlled by the piston 5.
- the overflow channel 14 opens into the crankcase interior 24 with a first orifice 25.
- the first orifice 25 can advantageously be controlled by a valve.
- a pressure-controlled check valve 23 is provided by way of example.
- an injection valve 13 may be provided.
- the injection valve 13 is controlled by a control device 29 of the internal combustion engine 1.
- the injection valve 13 is advantageously arranged on the overflow channel 14.
- the injection valve 13 leads the fuel directly into the first overflow channel 14.
- the injection valve 13 has a fuel opening 30, which in the first overflow channel 14 is arranged.
- an outlet opening 21 leads from the combustion chamber 3, an outlet opening 21 leads.
- the outlet opening 21 and the overflow window 15 of the first overflow 14 with respect to the cylinder longitudinal axis 49 are arranged opposite one another on the cylinder bore 31.
- the internal combustion engine 1 according to the embodiment according to Fig. 1 also have two second overflow channels 16 close to the outlet and two third, outlet-remote overflow channels 18. Of the transfer ports 16 and 18 only one is shown in each case.
- the overflow channels 16 and 18 are connected to the in Fig. 1 shown schematic sectional plane arranged mirror-symmetrically in front of and behind the sheet plane.
- the overflow channels 16 open with overflow windows 17 into the combustion chamber 3.
- the overflow channels 18 open with overflow windows 19 into the combustion chamber 3.
- the internal combustion engine 1 is a rinse-assisted engine.
- the feed channel 10 serves to pre-store air in the overflow channels 16 and 18.
- the piston 5 has at least one piston pocket 20.
- the inlet opening 12 is connected in structurally predetermined positions of the piston 5 with the transfer ports 17 and 19. As a result, air can flow from the feed channel 10 via the piston pocket 20 into the transfer channels 16 and 18.
- the feed channel 10 is only indirectly connected to the first overflow channel 14, namely via the crankcase interior 24.
- the inlet opening 12 in the region of top dead center of the piston 5 with the transfer ports 17 and 19 is connected (see Fig. 8 ).
- the inlet opening 12 is advantageously arranged so that it is not covered in the region of the top dead center of the piston 5 from the piston skirt of the piston 5 and thereby opens directly into the crankcase interior 24.
- Fig. 1 also shows, the overflow window 15 on the crankcase interior 24 facing away from the upper edge 65.
- the overflow window 17 has an upper edge 67.
- the overflow window 19 has an upper edge 69.
- the upper edges 65, 67 and 69 are at a height and are thereby simultaneously opened by the piston 5.
- the upper edges 65, 67, 69 extend inclined in an advantageous embodiment.
- the upper edges 65, 67 and 69 are arranged so that all overflow windows 15, 17 and 19 are opened simultaneously during the downward stroke of the piston 5 to the combustion chamber 3.
- the upper edges 65, 67 and 69 of the overflow windows 15, 17 and 19 open at different heights in the combustion chamber 3. This can lead to changed timing by the piston 5 accordingly. It can thus be provided, for example, that the overflow windows 17 and 19 are opened first and only after further downward stroke of the piston 5, the transfer port 15 is opened. As a result, the combustion chamber 3 is first flushed with largely fuel-free air from the overflow channels 17 and 19 before fuel / air mixture from the first overflow passage 14 passes through the overflow window 15 into the combustion chamber 3.
- the first overflow channel 14 has a connection opening 26.
- the connection opening 26 connects the first overflow channel 14 between the mouth opening 25 and the overflow window 15 with the crankcase interior 24.
- the connection opening 26 of the embodiment is according to Fig. 1 closed by a switching element 22.
- the switching element 22 is located in the illustration in Fig. 1 in a second switching position 28. In the second switching position 28, the connection opening 26 is closed.
- the switching element 22 can be in a first switching position 27 ( Fig. 7 ) are adjusted.
- the connecting opening 26 connects the overflow channel 14 with the crankcase interior 24.
- the injection valve 13 can selectively feed fuel into the overflow channel 14 or through the overflow channel 14 into the crankcase interior 24.
- the first switching position 27 is in Fig. 1 schematic with dashed line shown.
- a switching element 22 is provided which completely closes the connection opening 26.
- the switching element 22 is adjusted in dependence on the rotational speed between the first switching position 27 and the second switching position 28.
- the control of the switching element 22 is advantageously carried out via the control device 29 of the internal combustion engine.
- Fig. 2a schematically shows a possible, exemplary course of the rotational speed n of the internal combustion engine 1 over time t.
- the speed curve is shown as line 60.
- the internal combustion engine 1 first rotates at an idle speed n L.
- the rotational speed n increases and then exceeds the time t 1, a first rotational speed n. 1
- the first speed n 1 is then above the idle speed n L.
- the speed n falls below the first speed n 1 .
- Fig. 2b shows an exemplary embodiment for the switch positions 27 and 28 in the in Fig. 2a shown speed curve.
- the switching element 22 is in the second switching position 28, as the line 61 shows.
- the switching element 22 is moved to the first switching position 27.
- the rotational speed n is above the first rotational speed n 1
- the shift element 22 is in the first shift position 27.
- the shift element 22 adjusted from the first switching position 27 in the second switching position 28.
- the switching element 22 can therefore be adjusted independently of the rotational position of the crankshaft 7 alone as a function of the rotational speed n of the internal combustion engine 1.
- the switching element 22 can be adjusted for further operating points in the second switching position 28.
- the switching element 22 may, for example, in Accelerating, be adjusted in the final speed or deceleration in the second switching position 28. This is in Fig. 2b drawn with dotted line.
- the switching element 22 can be provided to adjust the switching element 22 only at a time t 1 'in the first switching position 27.
- the rotational speed n is greater than the first rotational speed n 1 .
- the time t 1 ' is after the time t 1 .
- the acceleration drops below a predetermined value, the speed n thus increases less strongly than in the previous strong acceleration.
- the internal combustion engine 1 is running at an end speed at which a speed limitation is active It can be provided to temporarily shift the switching element 22 into the second shift position 28, for example up to a time t following the time t 1 " 2 ". This can be carried out one revolution accurate metering of fuel into the combustion chamber 3 at the speed limitation of the final speed. This is particularly advantageous if no ignition occurs for downregulation at each engine cycle.
- Fig. 2b shown schematically, it may be advantageous to adjust the switching element 22 already at a time t 2 'in the second switching position 28, to which the internal combustion engine 1 is delayed.
- the rotational speed n is significantly above the first rotational speed n 1 .
- decelerating the fuel supply is advantageously completely interrupted.
- the switching element 22 is not in dependence on the rotational speed, but in dependence of an opening angle ⁇ of the throttle element 11 between the first switching position 27 and the second switching position 28th is adjusted.
- the opening angle ⁇ is in Fig. 1 schematically drawn and indicates the pivot angle of the throttle element 11, starting from the closed position of the throttle element 11 in the direction of the open position. At the in Fig. 1 shown closed position of the throttle element 11, the opening angle ⁇ is 0 °. In Fig. 7 is the opening angle ⁇ for the open position of the throttle element 11 located.
- Fig. 2c schematically shows a possible course for the opening angle ⁇ as a line 62.
- the throttle element 11 is opened from the closed position. At the time t 3 , the opening angle ⁇ exceeds a first opening angle ⁇ 1 .
- the throttle element 11 remains fully open over a short period of time and is then completely closed again, wherein the throttle element 11 at time t 4, the first opening angle ⁇ 1 below.
- Fig. 2d shows an exemplary embodiment for the switch positions 27 and 28 in the in Fig. 2c illustrated course of the opening angle ⁇ .
- the switching element 22 is in the second switching position 28. This shows the line 63.
- the switching element 22 adjusted to the first switching position 27.
- the throttle element 11 is opened beyond the first opening angle ⁇ 1 , and the switching element 22 is in the first switching position 27.
- the Switching element 22 adjusted from the first switching position 27 in the second switching position 28.
- the switching element 22 can therefore be adjusted independently of the rotational position of the crankshaft 7 alone as a function of the opening angle ⁇ of the throttle element 11.
- the switching element 22 is adjusted in addition to the adjustment in dependence of the opening angle ⁇ for further operating points in the second switching position 28.
- the switching element 22 is adjusted in dependence on the opening angle ⁇ and in dependence on the rotational speed of the crankshaft 7 between the first switching position 27 and the second switching position 28.
- the resulting course of the switch positions 27 and 28 is shown schematically as line 64 in FIG Fig. 2e shown.
- An adjustment of the switching element 22 from the second switching position 28 to the first switching position 27 is advantageously provided only when both the speed n exceeds the predetermined first speed n 1 and the opening angle ⁇ exceeds the predetermined first opening angle ⁇ 1 . This is the case in the exemplary embodiment at the time t 1 , since the time t 3 is before the time t 1 .
- the time t 4 at which the opening angle ⁇ is smaller than the opening angle ⁇ 1 , in the exemplary embodiment after the time t 2 , at which the speed n drops below the first speed n 1 .
- An adjustment of the switching element 22 from the first switch position 27 in the second switching position 28 is advantageously provided when both the speed of n below the first speed n 1 decreases as well when the opening angle ⁇ becomes smaller ⁇ than the first opening angle. 1 This is the case in the exemplary embodiment at time t 4 .
- the switching element 22 is moved from the first switching position 27 to the second switching position 28.
- an adjustment of the switching element 22 may be provided in the second switching position 28 for additional operating points in addition.
- a sudden adjustment of the switching element 22 between the first switching position 27 and the second switching position 28 is shown.
- the switching element 22 between the first switching position 27 and the second switching position 28 is gradually adjusted, For example, by pivoting the switching element 22.
- the adjustment of the switching element 22 may be such that the adjustment itself generates a speed response of the internal combustion engine 1.
- the adjustment of the switching element 22 between the first switching position 27 and the second switching position 28 may also be such that there is no significant speed reaction of the internal combustion engine 1.
- the switching element 22 only opens and closes the connection opening 26, but does not close or open the overflow channel 14.
- Fig. 3 to 6 schematically show that in the internal combustion engine 1 Fig. 1 in the course of a revolution of the crankshaft resulting flows of clean air, mixture and exhaust gases.
- Fig. 3 shows the internal combustion engine 1 shortly after the bottom dead center (UT) of the piston.
- 5 Fig. 4 shows the engine 1 in a position in the upstroke in the direction of top dead center (TDC) of the piston 5 just before the complete closing of the outlet opening 21st
- Fig. 5 shows the internal combustion engine 1 at top dead center of the piston.
- 5 Fig. 6 shows the internal combustion engine 1 during the downward stroke of the piston 5 with the outlet opening 21 largely open and partially open transfer windows 15, 17 and 19.
- FIG. 3 an embodiment of the internal combustion engine 1 is shown, which instead of the internal combustion engine 1 off Fig. 1 can be provided.
- the embodiment of the internal combustion engine after Fig. 3 differs in the design of the switching element.
- a switching element 22 ' is provided which closes the connection opening 26 is not complete in the second switching position 28, but only up to a residual cross-section.
- a switching element 22 is provided which completely closes the connection opening 26.
- Fig. 3 shows the internal combustion engine 1 shortly after the bottom dead center in the upward stroke of the piston 5.
- the check valve 23 is open at the mouth opening 25 of the first transfer passage 14, and from the crankcase interior 24 flows largely fuel-free air into the first transfer passage 14, as by the arrow 32 is shown.
- the first transfer port 14 is located from the previous injection of fuel mixture flowing along the arrows 33 and 34 through the first transfer port 14 and the transfer port 15 into the combustion chamber 3.
- From the overflow channels 16 and 18 flows largely fuel-free air in the direction of arrows 35 in the combustion chamber 3 a.
- the largely fuel-free air flows in the direction of the arrow 36 in the direction of the outlet opening 21 and flushes exhaust gases from the combustion chamber 3 from.
- the exhaust gases flow in the direction of the arrow 37 through the outlet opening 21.
- Fig. 4 shows the internal combustion engine 1 just before top dead center (TDC) of the piston 5.
- the outlet 21 is largely closed and on further upward stroke of the piston 5, the mixture present in the combustion chamber 3 is compressed.
- the overflow windows 15, 17 and 19 are closed by the piston 5 to the combustion chamber 3 out.
- the inlet opening 12 of the feed channel 10 is connected to the overflow windows 17 and 19.
- the internal combustion engine 1 is idling.
- the throttle element 11 can be largely, in particular, closed except for a structurally predetermined residual cross-section. Clean air can flow in the direction of the arrows 38 through the intake channel 10 and the inlet opening 12 into the piston pocket 20 and from there through the transfer windows 17 and 19 into the transfer channels 16 and 18 via the remaining cross section.
- the overflow channels 16 and 18 are advantageously completely rinsed with fuel-free air from the feed channel 10.
- the first transfer passage 14 is advantageous shortly before top dead center fuel 39th injected.
- the overflow window 15 is closed shortly before the top dead center of the piston 5, and the check valve 23 closes the mouth opening 25, so that the first overflow 14 is closed to both the crankcase interior 24 and the combustion chamber 3.
- the fact that the check valve 23 is closed, the fuel 39 can not pass into the crankcase interior 24 despite negative pressure in the crankcase interior 24.
- switching element 22 which completely closes the connecting opening 26 in the second switching position 28 a transfer of fuel 39 via the connecting opening 26 into the crankcase interior 24 is not possible.
- the injected fuel 39 is stored in the first overflow channel 14.
- Fig. 5 shows the internal combustion engine 1 at top dead center of the piston 5.
- the mixture in the combustion chamber 3 of a in Fig. 5 ignited spark plug 48 ignited schematically.
- the inlet opening 12 is arranged so that it is open to the crankcase interior 24 at the top dead center of the piston 5.
- the inlet opening 12 is fully opened at the top dead center of the piston 5 to the crankcase interior 24.
- the inlet opening 12 is closed at the top dead center of the piston 5 to the crankcase interior 24 through.
- the inlet opening 12 is then advantageously in a portion of the cylinder bore 31 which in each position of the Piston 5 is covered by the piston skirt of the piston 5 or the piston pocket 20.
- the direct connection of the feed channel 10 with the crankcase interior 24 is closed by the piston 5 via the inlet opening 12.
- Fig. 6 shows the internal combustion engine 1 in the downward stroke of the piston 5.
- the downward stroke of the piston 5 opens the outlet opening 21, and exhaust gases flow in the direction of the arrow 37 from the combustion chamber 3 from.
- largely fuel-free air flows out of the crankcase interior 24 in the direction of the arrows 35 into the combustion chamber 3 through the overflow channels 16 and 18.
- From the first overflow channel 14 mixture flows along the arrows 33 and 34 in the combustion chamber 3.
- From the crankcase interior 24 flows largely fuel-free air through the check valve 23, which during the downward stroke of the piston 5 in the Fig. 6 shown position, along the arrow 23 in the first overflow 14 after.
- the fuel 39 is injected into the first transfer port 14 when the transfer port 15 is already closed. In an alternative embodiment, however, it is also possible to inject the fuel 39 into the first overflow channel 14, while the overflow window 15 is open and combustion air flows from the crankcase interior 24 through the first overflow channel 14 into the combustion chamber 3.
- Fig. 7 to 10 show the internal combustion engine 1 with fully open throttle element 11, for example, at full load.
- the piston position corresponds to this Fig. 7 the piston position Fig. 3
- the piston position off Fig. 8 corresponds to the piston position Fig. 4
- Fig. 9 shows accordingly Fig. 5 the piston 5 at top dead center
- Fig. 10 shows a piston position accordingly Fig. 6 ,
- the switching element 22 is at fully open throttle element 11 in its first switching position 27. In this switching position, the connection opening 26 is fully opened to the crankcase interior 24 out.
- the speed n of the internal combustion engine 1 when the throttle element 11 is fully open is higher than the first speed n 1 (FIG. Fig. 2a and 2b ) with the throttle element 11 closed.
- Fig. 7 shows exhaust gases along the arrow 43 through the outlet opening 21 from. Clean air flows, as shown schematically by the arrow 41, from the combustion chamber 3 and flushes the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber 3 from. From the overflow channels 16 and 18, mixture flows along the arrows 40 and 42 into the combustion chamber 3.
- the first overflow channel 14 is closed by the control element 22 to the overflow window 15 back.
- the first overflow channel 14 thus at least partially forms a dead volume.
- no mixture and no clean air flow into the combustion chamber 3 through the first overflow channel 14.
- the piston 5 has largely closed the outlet opening 21 during its upward stroke.
- the overflow windows 15, 17 and 19 are closed to the combustion chamber 3.
- the overflow windows 17 and 19 are connected via the piston pocket 20 with the inlet opening 12 of the feed channel 10.
- the injection valve 13 supplies fuel 39 through the first overflow channel 14 and through the connection opening 26 into the crankcase interior 24.
- the injection valve 13 is arranged opposite the connection opening 26.
- the fuel 39 can be injected from the injection valve 13 through the overflow channel 14 into the crankcase interior 24.
- the check valve 23 is in the in the FIGS. 7 and 8 shown positions of the piston 5 closed.
- the check valve 23 is in particular a Diaphragm valve, which is biased towards the closed position due to the inherent stiffness of the diaphragm.
- Fig. 9 shows the mixture is ignited at the top dead center of the piston 5 of the spark plug 48.
- the inlet opening 12 clean air flows from the supply channel 10 in the direction of the arrow 44 in the crankcase interior 24th
- Fig. 11 shows a further preferred embodiment of an internal combustion engine 1.
- the internal combustion engine 1 of the embodiment according to Fig. 11 has a feed channel 10 and an intake passage 50.
- the same reference numerals designate corresponding elements as in the preceding figures.
- fuel / air mixture is supplied.
- a check valve 51 is arranged in the intake passage 50.
- the injection valve 13 leads fuel into the intake passage 50.
- other fuel supply means may be provided, such as an electronically controlled carburetor.
- the intake passage 50 opens with an opening 56 in the first transfer passage 14.
- the opening 56 is in the embodiment according to Fig. 11 opposite to a connection opening 26 of the first transfer port 14 is arranged.
- connection opening 26 connects the first overflow between the mouth opening 25 and the overflow window 15 with the crankcase interior 24.
- the connection opening 26 is arranged on the cylinder bore 31 in a region which is run over by the piston skirt of the piston 5 during each piston stroke.
- Fig. 11 shows the switching element 22 in its second switching position 28, in which the connection opening 26 is closed by the switching element 22.
- FIGS. 12 to 15 show the operation of the internal combustion engine 1 Fig. 11 idle.
- Fig. 12 shows, at the beginning of the upward stroke of the piston 5 exhaust gases in the direction of the arrow 37 from the combustion chamber 3 from.
- the air enters the combustion chamber 3 along the arrows 35 through the overflow windows 17 and 19.
- the air flushes the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber 3, as indicated by the arrow 36.
- fuel / air mixture flows into the combustion chamber 3, as shown schematically by the arrows 33 and 34.
- the Fig. 11 to 19 is located at the mouth opening 25 no valve.
- the orifice 25 is always open to the crankcase interior 24 regardless of the prevailing pressure conditions.
- Fig. 13 shows, as soon as the piston 5 has connected the inlet opening 12 with the overflow windows 17 and 19 during the upstroke, clean air flows in from the supply duct 10 via the piston pocket 20 through the overflow windows 17 and 19 into the overflow ducts 16 and 18.
- fuel-free or completely fuel-free air is arranged in the overflow channels 16 and 18, while in the first overflow 14 is fuel / air mixture.
- the overflow window 15 is closed by the piston 5.
- clean air is sucked along the arrow 52.
- injector 13 injects fuel 39 into the clean air.
- the mixture thus formed flows through the opening 56 along the arrows 53 in the first overflow 14.
- the intake is caused by the prevailing in the crankcase interior 24 negative pressure during the upward stroke of the piston 5.
- Fig. 14 shows the arrangement at top dead center.
- the mixture in the combustion chamber 3 is ignited by the spark plug 48.
- the piston skirt of the piston 5 ends advantageously on the side facing the combustion chamber 3 side of the inlet opening 12.
- the inlet opening 12 is open to the crankcase interior 24, so that through the inlet opening 12 clean air can flow into the crankcase interior 24.
- the Fig. 16 to 19 show the arrangement of the further preferred embodiment at full load.
- the rotational speed n with the throttle element 11 open is higher than the first rotational speed n 1 .
- the switching element 22 is at full load in its first switching position 27, in which the switching element 22, the connection opening 26 releases.
- the first overflow channel 14 between the connection opening 26 and the overflow window 15 is closed to the combustion chamber 3 in the first switching position 27. In this switching position, the first overflow channel 14 is at least partially inoperative.
- exhaust gases flow out of the combustion chamber 3 in the direction of the arrow 43 when the outlet opening 21 is open. The exhaust gases are flushed out of the combustion chamber 3 by clean air flowing along the arrow 41.
- the clean air flowing along the arrow 41 is the one in the overflow channels 16 and 18 upstream air, as follows Fig. 17 is described. Subsequently, mixture flows from the crankcase interior 24 through the overflow channels 16 and 18 along the arrows 40 and 42 into the combustion chamber 3.
- Fig. 17 shows the piston 5 in further upward movement in the direction of top dead center (TDC).
- TDC top dead center
- the inlet opening 12 is connected by the piston pocket 20 with the overflow windows 17 and 19.
- clean air flows from the feed channel 10 along the arrows 38 via the inlet opening 12, the piston pocket 20 and the overflow windows 17 and 19 into the transfer channels 16 and 18 and is stored there upstream.
- This upstream clean air separates into Fig. 16 the exhaust gases flowing along the arrow 43 from the fresh mixture flowing along the arrows 40 and 42.
- connection opening 26 is in the in Fig. 17 opened piston position shown and connects the intake passage 50 with the crankcase interior 24.
- clean air is sucked along the arrow 52.
- the injection valve 13 injects fuel 39 into the clean air.
- the mixture thus formed flows along the arrow 53 to the opening 56 and from there along the arrows 54 into the first overflow channel 14 and through the passage opening 26 into the crankcase interior 24.
- Part of the mixture flows in the first overflow channel 14 in the direction of the mouth opening 25. In the flow direction to the overflow window 15, the first overflow channel 14 may be closed by the switching element 22.
- Fig. 18 shows the arrangement of the further preferred embodiment at top dead center.
- the mixture is ignited by the spark plug 48 in the region of top dead center.
- the ignition takes place shortly before top dead center.
- the inlet opening 12 is open towards the crankcase interior 24, so that air can flow from the feed channel 10 into the crankcase interior 24 through the inlet opening 12.
- Fig. 19 shows the arrangement after further downward stroke of the piston 5.
- the outlet opening 21 is open, so that exhaust gases along the arrows 47 can flow out of the combustion chamber 3.
- the overflow channels 16 and 18 first the clean air upstream in the overflow channels 16 and 18 flows along the arrows 46 into the combustion chamber 3 and flushes the exhaust gases out of the combustion chamber 3. From the crankcase interior 24, mixture then flows along the arrows 45 through the overflow channels 16 and 18 into the combustion chamber 3. Then begins the next revolution of the crankshaft 7, as by the Fig. 16 to 19 shown.
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Abstract
Ein Verbrennungsmotor (1) besitzt einen Zylinder (2), in dem ein Brennraum (3) ausgebildet ist und einen Kolben (5), der den Brennraum (3) begrenzt. Der Verbrennungsmotor (1) besitzt mindestens einen ersten Überströmkanal (14), der im Bereich des unteren Totpunkts des Kolbens (5) eine fluidische Verbindung zwischen einem Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum (24) eines Kurbelgehäuses (4) und dem Brennraum (3) herstellt. Der Verbrennungsmotor (1) besitzt eine Kraftstoffzuführeinrichtung, die Kraftstoff zwischen einem ersten Überströmfenster (15) des ersten Überströmkanals (14) und einer ersten Mündungsöffnung (25) des ersten Überströmkanals (14) in den ersten Überströmkanal (14) zuführt. Um einen Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors (1) mit geringen Abgaswerten zu ermöglichen, ist vorgesehen, dass der erste Überströmkanal (14) eine Verbindungsöffnung (26) besitzt, an der der erste Überströmkanal (14) mit dem Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum (24) verbunden ist, und dass ein Schaltelement (22, 22') zum Schalten der Verbindungsöffnung (26) vorgesehen ist. Ein Verfahren zum Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors (1) sieht vor, dass das Schaltelement (22, 22') in Abhängigkeit der Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors (1) zwischen einer ersten Schaltstellung (27), in der der Strömungsquerschnitt der Verbindungsöffnung (26) freigegeben ist, und einer zweiten Schaltstellung (28), in der der Strömungsquerschnitt der Verbindungsöffnung (26) mindestens teilweise verschlossen ist, verstellt wird.An internal combustion engine (1) has a cylinder (2) in which a combustion chamber (3) is formed and a piston (5) which delimits the combustion chamber (3). The internal combustion engine (1) has at least one first overflow channel (14), which establishes a fluidic connection between a crankcase interior (24) of a crankcase (4) and the combustion chamber (3) in the region of bottom dead center of the piston (5). The internal combustion engine (1) has a fuel supply device, which feeds fuel between a first overflow window (15) of the first transfer port (14) and a first port (25) of the first transfer port (14) into the first transfer port (14). In order to enable operation of the internal combustion engine (1) with low exhaust gas values, it is provided that the first transfer port (14) has a connection opening (26) at which the first transfer port (14) is connected to the crankcase interior (24), and a switching element (22, 22 ') is provided for switching the connection opening (26). A method for operating the internal combustion engine (1) provides that the switching element (22, 22 ') is released as a function of the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine (1) between a first switching position (27) in which the flow cross-section of the connecting opening (26) is released, and a second switching position (28), in which the flow cross-section of the connecting opening (26) is at least partially closed, is adjusted.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Verbrennungsmotor der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Gattung sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb.The invention relates to an internal combustion engine of the type specified in the preamble of
Aus der
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Verbrennungsmotor der gattungsgemäßen Art zu schaffen, mit dem verbesserte Abgaswerte erreichbar sind. Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung liegt darin, ein Verfahren zum Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors anzugeben, das die Verbesserung der Abgaswerte ermöglicht.The invention has for its object to provide an internal combustion engine of the generic type, can be achieved with the improved emissions. Another object of the invention is to provide a method of operating the internal combustion engine, which enables the improvement of the exhaust gas values.
Diese Aufgabe wird bezüglich des Verbrennungsmotors durch einen Verbrennungsmotor mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Bezüglich des Verfahrens wird die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 15 gelöst.This object is achieved with respect to the internal combustion engine by an internal combustion engine with the features of
Der Verbrennungsmotor weist einen Zylinder, ein Kurbelgehäuse sowie mindestens einen ersten Überströmkanal auf. Der Überströmkanal stellt im Bereich des unteren Totpunkts des Kolbens eine fluidische Verbindung zwischen einem Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum und einem im Zylinder ausgebildeten Brennraum her. Der erste Überströmkanal ist über eine erste Mündungsöffnung mit dem Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum verbunden und mündet mit mindestens einem ersten Überströmfenster in den Brennraum. Der Überströmkanal kann dabei als unverzweigter Kanal ausgebildet sein oder verzweigt sein und mehrere Überströmfenster aufweisen. Der Verbrennungsmotor besitzt eine Kraftstoffzuführeinrichtung, die Kraftstoff zwischen dem ersten Überströmfenster und der ersten Mündungsöffnung in den ersten Überströmkanal zuführt. Um geringe Abgaswerte zu erreichen, ist vorgesehen, dass der erste Überströmkanal zusätzlich zu der Mündungsöffnung und dem ersten Überströmfenster eine Verbindungsöffnung besitzt, an der der erste Überströmkanal mit dem Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum verbunden ist. Die Verbindungsöffnung ist mit einem Schaltelement zum Schalten der Verbindungsöffnung versehen.The internal combustion engine has a cylinder, a crankcase and at least one first overflow channel. The overflow channel is in the area of the lower Totpunkt the piston a fluidic connection between a crankcase interior and a cylinder formed in the combustion chamber ago. The first overflow channel is connected to the crankcase interior via a first orifice and opens into the combustion chamber with at least one first overflow window. The overflow channel can be formed as an unbranched channel or be branched and have multiple overflow. The internal combustion engine has a fuel supply device, which supplies fuel between the first transfer port and the first port into the first transfer port. In order to achieve low exhaust gas values, it is provided that, in addition to the orifice opening and the first overflow window, the first overflow channel has a connection opening, at which the first overflow channel is connected to the crankcase interior. The connection opening is provided with a switching element for switching the connection opening.
Die Mündungsöffnung bezeichnet die Öffnung aus dem Kurbelgehäuse in den ersten Überströmkanal. Die Mündungsöffnung kann im Kurbelgehäuse vorgesehen sein oder vorteilhaft zwischen Kurbelgehäuse und Zylinder ausgebildet sein.The mouth opening designates the opening from the crankcase into the first overflow channel. The mouth opening may be provided in the crankcase or be advantageously formed between the crankcase and cylinder.
Vorteilhaft ist die Verbindungsöffnung des Überströmkanals zum Kurbelgehäuse bei geschlossenem Schaltelement geschlossen. Bei geschlossener Verbindungsöffnung gelangt vorzugsweise kein Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch bzw. keine reine Luft durch die Verbindungsöffnung in das Kurbelgehäuse.Advantageously, the connection opening of the overflow channel to the crankcase is closed when the switching element is closed. When the connection opening is closed, preferably no fuel / air mixture or clean air passes through the connection opening into the crankcase.
Die Kraftstoffzuführeinrichtung kann ein Vergaser, ein elektronisch gesteuerter Vergaser oder eine Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung sein. Die Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung kann den Kraftstoff vorteilhaft in den Ansaugkanal, in das Kurbelgehäuse und/oder in mindestens einen Überströmkanal einspritzen.The fuel supply means may be a carburetor, an electronically controlled carburetor or a fuel injector. The fuel injection device can advantageously inject the fuel into the intake channel, into the crankcase and / or into at least one overflow channel.
Die Kraftstoffzuführeinrichtung ist zur Zufuhr von Kraftstoff zwischen dem ersten Überströmfenster und der Mündungsöffnung in den ersten Überströmkanal vorgesehen.The fuel supply device is provided for supplying fuel between the first transfer port and the port opening into the first transfer port.
Dadurch kann der Kraftstoff je nach Schaltstellung des Schaltelements in den ersten Überströmkanal oder durch den ersten Überströmkanal in den Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum zugeführt werden. Ist die Verbindungsöffnung geschlossen, so kann beispielsweise Kraftstoff, Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch oder Luft in den Überströmkanal zugeführt werden.As a result, depending on the switching position of the switching element, the fuel can be supplied into the first overflow channel or through the first overflow channel into the crankcase interior. If the connection opening is closed, then, for example, fuel, fuel / air mixture or air can be supplied into the overflow channel.
In den Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum gelangt bei geschlossener Verbindungsöffnung vorteilhaft kein Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch. Alternativ kann ein geringer Anteil von Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch in den Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum zugeführt werden. In diesem Fall gelangt das Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch vorteilhaft über die Mündungsöffnung in den Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum. Alternativ kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass ein Restquerschnitt der Verbindungsöffnung geöffnet bleibt, über den Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch in den Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum zugeführt wird.In the crankcase interior passes advantageously closed at the connection opening no fuel / air mixture. Alternatively, a small amount of fuel / air mixture can be supplied into the crankcase interior. In this case, the fuel / air mixture passes advantageously via the orifice into the crankcase interior. Alternatively, it can also be provided that a residual cross section of the connecting opening remains open, is supplied via the fuel / air mixture in the crankcase interior.
Bei vorteilhaften alternativen Ausführungsbeispielen mit weiteren Überströmkanälen kann vorgesehen sein, dass über diese weiteren Überströmkanäle bei geschlossener Verbindungsöffnung vorteilhaft im Wesentlichen kraftstofffreie Luft zugeführt wird. Diese Luft dient vorteilhaft zum Ausspülen von Abgasen aus dem Brennraum. Dies ist insbesondere bei niedrigen Drehzahlen des Verbrennungsmotors, beispielsweise im Leerlauf, vorteilhaft. Der Kraftstoff wird bei geschlossener oder überwiegend geschlossener Verbindungsöffnung vorteilhaft im Wesentlichen über den ersten Überströmkanal in den Brennraum zugeführt. Dadurch kann sichergestellt werden, dass auch bei niedrigen Drehzahlen eine ausreichende Kraftstoffmenge in den Brennraum gelangt.In advantageous alternative embodiments with further overflow channels it can be provided that substantially fuel-free air is advantageously supplied via these further overflow channels when the connection opening is closed. This air is advantageously used to flush out exhaust gases from the combustion chamber. This is especially at low speeds of the engine, for example, idle, advantageous. When the connection opening is closed or predominantly closed, the fuel is advantageously supplied to the combustion chamber essentially via the first overflow channel. This can ensure that even at low speeds, a sufficient amount of fuel enters the combustion chamber.
Die je Motorzyklus zugeführte Kraftstoffmenge ist vorteilhaft die zu diesem Motorzyklus eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge, da vorteilhaft bei jedem Motorzyklus die in den ersten Überströmkanal eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge in den Brennraum zugeführt wird. Dadurch ist eine genaue Dosierung des Kraftstoffs je Motorzyklus insbesondere bei warmem Verbrennungsmotor möglich. Insbesondere bei kaltem Verbrennungsmotor kann die in den Brennraum zugeführte Kraftstoffmenge dabei von der eingespritzen Kraftstoffmenge abweichen, beispielsweise, wenn sich Kraftstoff an kalten Wänden des Ansaugkanals, des Überströmkanals oder des Kurbelgehäuses niederschlägt und dadurch nicht bei diesem Motorzyklus in den Brennraum zugeführt wird.The amount of fuel supplied per engine cycle is advantageously the amount of fuel injected for this engine cycle, since the amount of fuel injected into the first transfer port is advantageously fed into the combustion chamber during each engine cycle. As a result, a precise metering of the fuel per engine cycle is possible, especially with a warm internal combustion engine. In particular, when the internal combustion engine is cold, the amount of fuel supplied into the combustion chamber may deviate from the injected fuel quantity, for example, when fuel on cold walls of the Intake duct, the overflow or the crankcase precipitates and is thus not supplied to the combustion chamber in this engine cycle.
Eine Vermischung mit Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch aus vorangegangenen Motorzyklen im Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum kann bei geschlossener Verbindungsöffnung vorteilhaft vermieden werden. Die im Leerlauf benötigten vergleichsweise geringen Mengen von Kraftstoff können bei geschlossener Verbindungsöffnung gut dosiert und insbesondere bei einer Zufuhr des Kraftstoffs unmittelbar in den Überströmkanal zyklusgenau zum Brennraum zugeführt werden. Es ist insbesondere möglich, bei Motorzyklen, zu denen keine Verbrennung erfolgen soll, keinen Kraftstoff mittels der Kraftstoffzuführeinrichtung zuzuführen. Da vorteilhaft auch im Kurbelgehäuse keine nennenswerte Menge von Kraftstoff vorhanden ist, wird der Brennraum mit weitgehend kraftstofffreier Luft gespült, und Spülverluste im Leerlauf werden verringert.A mixture with fuel / air mixture from previous engine cycles in the crankcase interior can be advantageously avoided when the connection opening. The comparatively small quantities of fuel required during idling can be metered well when the connection opening is closed and, in particular when the fuel is fed directly into the overflow channel, can be fed precisely to the combustion chamber. It is particularly possible, in engine cycles to which no combustion is to take place, to supply fuel by means of the fuel supply device. Since advantageous in the crankcase no significant amount of fuel is present, the combustion chamber is flushed with largely fuel-free air, and flushing losses at idle are reduced.
Insbesondere bei hohen Drehzahlen ist vorteilhaft vorgesehen, dass die Verbindungsöffnung geöffnet ist. Über die geöffnete Verbindungsöffnung kann Kraftstoff/LuftGemisch durch den ersten Überströmkanal in den Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum zugeführt werden. Das Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch gewährleistet beispielsweise eine ausreichende Schmierung der bewegten Teile im Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum. Bei geöffneter Verbindungsöffnung ist der Abschnitt des ersten Überströmkanals zwischen der Verbindungsöffnung und der Mündungsöffnung vorteilhaft funktionslos. Ist der Verbrennungsmotor ein Spülvorlagenmotor, so steht weitgehend das gesamte Volumen des Überströmkanals zwischen dem mindestens einen Überströmfenster und der Verbindungsöffnung für vorgelagerte Luft zur Verfügung. Dies ist insbesondere bei hohen Drehzahlen, bevorzugt bei Volllast zweckmäßig.In particular, at high speeds is advantageously provided that the connection opening is open. Through the opened connection opening fuel / air mixture can be supplied through the first overflow channel into the crankcase interior. For example, the fuel / air mixture ensures sufficient lubrication of the moving parts in the crankcase interior. When the connection opening is open, the section of the first overflow channel between the connection opening and the outlet opening is advantageously without function. If the internal combustion engine is a rinse master motor, then the entire volume of the overflow channel between the at least one overflow window and the connection opening for upstream air is largely available. This is expedient especially at high speeds, preferably at full load.
Der Verbrennungsmotor ist vorteilhaft ein Spülvorlagenmotor. Der Verbrennungsmotor ist vorteilhaft ein mittels eines Kolbens schlitzgesteuerter Spülvorlagenmotor. Der Verbrennungsmotor besitzt vorteilhaft einen Zuführkanal für Luft. Der Zuführkanal für Luft ist vorteilhaft im Bereich des oberen Totpunkts des Kolbens mit den Überströmkanälen nahe der Überströmfenster verbunden. Der Zuführkanal für Luft führt vorteilhaft in mindestens einen Überströmkanal, insbesondere in alle auslassnahen Überströmkanäle kraftstofffreie oder weitgehend kraftstofffreie Luft zu. Diese weitgehend kraftstofffreie Luft tritt, sobald die Überströmfenster beim Abwärtshub des Kolbens in den Brennraum öffnen, in den Brennraum über und spült die Abgase aus dem Brennraum aus. Anschließend strömt vorteilhaft Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch in den Brennraum ein. Dadurch werden Spülverluste, also der Anteil unverbrannten Kraftstoffs, der durch den Auslass entweicht, verringert.The internal combustion engine is advantageously a rinse template motor. The internal combustion engine is advantageously a slot-controlled rinsing template motor by means of a piston. The internal combustion engine advantageously has a feed channel for air. The supply channel for air is advantageous in the region of top dead center of the piston with the transfer channels connected near the overflow windows. The supply channel for air advantageously leads into at least one overflow channel, in particular into all outlet-near transfer channels fuel-free or largely fuel-free air. This largely fuel-free air occurs, as soon as the overflow windows open during the downward stroke of the piston in the combustion chamber, into the combustion chamber and flushes the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber. Subsequently, advantageous fuel / air mixture flows into the combustion chamber. As a result, flushing losses, ie the proportion of unburned fuel that escapes through the outlet, are reduced.
Vorteilhaft ist vorgesehen, dass das Schaltelement in einer ersten Schaltstellung den Strömungsquerschnitt der Verbindungsöffnung freigibt. Vorteilhaft verschließt das Schaltventil in einer zweiten Schaltstellung den Strömungsquerschnitt der Verbindungsöffnung mindestens teilweise. Auch Zwischenstellungen des Schaltelements, bei denen die Verbindungsöffnung teilweise geöffnet ist, können vorteilhaft sein.It is advantageously provided that the switching element releases the flow cross section of the connection opening in a first switching position. Advantageously, the switching valve in a second switching position closes the flow cross-section of the connection opening at least partially. Also intermediate positions of the switching element, in which the connection opening is partially opened, may be advantageous.
In besonders bevorzugter Gestaltung verschließt das Schaltelement in der zweiten Schaltstellung den Strömungsquerschnitt der Verbindungsöffnung vollständig. Dadurch wird in der zweiten Schaltstellung die gesamte Kraftstoffmenge in den Überströmkanal zugeführt. Es kann alternativ auch vorgesehen sein, dass das Schaltelement in der zweiten Schaltstellung einen geringen Restströmungsquerschnitt der Verbindungsöffnung offen lässt, so dass geringe Kraftstoffmengen zur Schmierung der bewegten Teile im Kurbelgehäuse in den Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum übertreten können.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the switching element completely closes the flow cross-section of the connection opening in the second switching position. As a result, the entire amount of fuel is supplied into the overflow channel in the second switching position. Alternatively, it can also be provided that the switching element in the second switching position leaves a small residual flow cross section of the connection opening open, so that small amounts of fuel can be used to lubricate the moving parts in the crankcase in the crankcase interior.
Ein vollständiges Verschließen der Verbindungsöffnung durch das Schaltelement in der zweiten Schaltstellung ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn der Verbrennungsmotor neben dem ersten Überströmkanal weitere Überströmkanäle aufweist. Dadurch, dass das Schaltelement in der zweiten Schaltstellung den Strömungsquerschnitt der Verbindungsöffnung vollständig verschließt, wird vermieden, dass über die weiteren Überströmkanäle Kraftstoff aus dem Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum in den Brennraum gelangen kann. Die Kraftstoffzufuhr kann in solch einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel also über den mittels des Schaltelements gesteuerten ersten Überströmkanal erfolgen. Dadurch kann die Brennraumspülung verbessert und das Übertreten von unverbranntem Kraftstoff in den Auslass des Verbrennungsmotors verringert werden.A complete closing of the connection opening by the switching element in the second switching position is particularly advantageous when the internal combustion engine next to the first overflow further overflow channels. Characterized in that the switching element in the second switching position completely closes the flow cross-section of the connection opening, it is avoided that fuel can pass from the crankcase interior into the combustion chamber via the further overflow channels. The fuel supply can thus in such a further embodiment over the controlled by means of the switching element first overflow. Thereby, the combustion chamber purge can be improved and the passage of unburned fuel into the outlet of the internal combustion engine can be reduced.
In vorteilhafter Gestaltung ist das Schaltelement ein mechanisches Schaltelement. Das Schaltelement kann dabei insbesondere ein Drehventil, ein Schieber oder eine Klappe sein.In an advantageous embodiment, the switching element is a mechanical switching element. The switching element may in particular be a rotary valve, a slide or a flap.
Vorteilhaft ist das Schaltelement unabhängig von der Drehlage der Kurbelwelle zwischen der ersten Schaltstellung und der zweiten Schaltstellung verstellbar. In vorteilhafter Gestaltung ist eine Steuereinrichtung zur Ansteuerung des Schaltelements vorgesehen. Die Steuereinrichtung kann dabei vorteilhaft eine elektrische oder elektronische Steuereinrichtung sein. Auch eine mechanische Ansteuerung des Schaltelements kann vorteilhaft sein.Advantageously, the switching element is independent of the rotational position of the crankshaft between the first switching position and the second switching position adjustable. In an advantageous embodiment, a control device for controlling the switching element is provided. The control device can advantageously be an electrical or electronic control device. A mechanical control of the switching element may be advantageous.
In vorteilhafter Ausführung ist die Steuereinrichtung zur Betätigung des Schaltelements in Abhängigkeit der Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors ausgebildet. Vorteilhaft befindet sich das Schaltelement bei niedrigen Drehzahlen, insbesondere im Leerlauf, in der zweiten Schaltstellung, in der das Schaltelement den Strömungsquerschnitt der Verbindungsöffnung mindestens teilweise verschließt. Dadurch wird der Kraftstoff bei niedrigen Drehzahlen überwiegend, insbesondere vollständig in den ersten Überströmkanal eingebracht.In an advantageous embodiment, the control device is designed for actuating the switching element as a function of the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine. Advantageously, the switching element is at low speeds, in particular at idle, in the second switching position, in which the switching element at least partially closes the flow cross-section of the connecting opening. As a result, the fuel is introduced predominantly, in particular completely, into the first overflow channel at low rotational speeds.
Bei hohen Drehzahlen, insbesondere bei Volllast, kann vorteilhaft vorgesehen sein, dass sich das Schaltelement in der ersten Schaltstellung befindet. In der ersten Schaltstellung ist die Verbindungsöffnung vorteilhaft geöffnet. Dadurch kann bei hohen Drehzahlen der Kraftstoff in den Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum eingebracht werden, und es wird eine ausreichende Schmierung der bewegten Teile im Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum ermöglicht.At high speeds, especially at full load, can be advantageously provided that the switching element is in the first switching position. In the first switching position, the connection opening is advantageously opened. As a result, the fuel can be introduced into the crankcase interior at high rotational speeds, and sufficient lubrication of the moving parts in the crankcase interior is made possible.
Es kann vorteilhaft vorgesehen sein, dass das Schaltelement sich beim Beschleunigen in der zweiten Schaltstellung befindet. In der zweiten Schaltstellung ist die Verbindungsöffnung dabei vorteilhaft geschlossen. Dadurch gelangt in den ersten Überströmkanal zugeführter Kraftstoff schnell in den Brennraum, und der Verbrennungsmotor reagiert schnell auf einen Beschleunigungswunsch des Bedieners.It can be advantageously provided that the switching element is located during acceleration in the second switching position. In the second switching position, the connection opening is advantageously closed. As a result, fuel supplied into the first overflow passage quickly reaches the combustion chamber, and the internal combustion engine reacts quickly to an acceleration request of the operator.
Es kann auch vorteilhaft sein, dass sich das Schaltelement im Bereich der Enddrehzahl zumindest zeitweise in der zweiten Schaltstellung befindet. Dadurch kann eine umdrehungsgenaue Dosierung von Kraftstoff in den Brennraum erfolgen. Vorteilhaft befindet sich das Schaltelement im Bereich der Enddrehzahl nur kurzzeitig in der zweiten Schaltstellung und zumindest zeitweise auch in der ersten Schaltstellung, um eine ausreichende Schmierung der bewegten Teile im Kurbelgehäuse zu gewährleisten.It may also be advantageous that the switching element is at least temporarily in the second switching position in the region of the final rotational speed. As a result, a rotation-accurate metering of fuel into the combustion chamber can take place. Advantageously, the switching element is in the range of the final speed only briefly in the second switching position and at least temporarily in the first switching position to ensure adequate lubrication of the moving parts in the crankcase.
Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass beim Verzögern, also beim Come Down, die Kraftstoffzufuhr vollständig ausgesetzt wird. Vorteilhaft befindet sich das Schaltelement in der zweiten Schaltstellung, wenn bei einer folgenden Beschleunigung erneut Kraftstoff zugeführt wird. Dadurch, dass sich das Schaltelement in der zweiten Schaltstellung befindet, gelangt in den ersten Überströmkanal zugeführter Kraftstoff schnell in den Brennraum. Dadurch wird eine Verzögerung bei der erneuten Beschleunigung vermieden.It can be provided that the fuel supply is completely suspended when decelerating, so come down. Advantageously, the switching element is in the second switching position when fuel is supplied again at a subsequent acceleration. Characterized in that the switching element is in the second switching position, fed into the first overflow fuel quickly into the combustion chamber. This avoids a delay in the re-acceleration.
Der Verbrennungsmotor besitzt vorteilhaft ein Drosselelement, das zur Steuerung von mindestens einer Teilmenge der dem Verbrennungsmotor zugeführten Verbrennungsluftmenge dient. Die Verbrennungsluft kann dabei als reine Luft oder in Form von Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch zugeführt werden. Das Drosselelement kann insbesondere in einem Ansaugkanal für Luft oder einem Zuführkanal für Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch angeordnet sein und von einem Bediener angesteuert werden. Die Steuereinrichtung ist in vorteilhafter Gestaltung zur Betätigung des Schaltelements in Abhängigkeit der Stellung des Drosselelements ausgebildet. Das Schaltelement kann in Abhängigkeit der Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors und/oder in Abhängigkeit der Stellung des Drosselelements betätigt sein.The internal combustion engine advantageously has a throttle element which serves to control at least a subset of the combustion air quantity supplied to the internal combustion engine. The combustion air can be supplied as pure air or in the form of fuel / air mixture. The throttle element may in particular be arranged in an intake channel for air or a feed channel for fuel / air mixture and be controlled by an operator. The control device is formed in an advantageous design for actuating the switching element as a function of the position of the throttle element. The switching element can be dependent on the speed be operated of the internal combustion engine and / or in dependence of the position of the throttle element.
Vorteilhaft besitzt der Verbrennungsmotor Mittel, die in der ersten Schaltstellung des Schaltelements die Verbindung des Kurbelgehäuseinnenraums mit dem Brennraum über den ersten Überströmkanal mindestens teilweise, insbesondere vollständig unterbrechen. In besonders bevorzugter Ausführung bildet das Schaltelement selbst die Mittel zur Unterbrechung der Verbindung des Kurbelgehäuseinnenraums mit dem Brennraum über den ersten Überströmkanal. Der erste Überströmkanal kann vorteilhaft in einen ersten Kanalabschnitt und mindestens einen zweiten Kanalabschnitt aufgeteilt werden. Der erste Kanalabschnitt des ersten Überströmkanals weist vorteilhaft die Verbindungsöffnung zum Kurbelgehäuse auf. Der erste Kanalabschnitt des ersten Überströmkanals erstreckt sich vorteilhaft von der Mündungsöffnung bis unterhalb des Schaltelements bzw. bis zur Verbindungsöffnung. Der zweite Kanalabschnitt des Überströmkanals erstreckt sich vorteilhaft bis zum Überströmfenster, insbesondere von oberhalb des Schaltelements bis zum Überströmfenster. Vorteilhaft verschließt das Schaltelement in der ersten Schaltstellung den zweiten Kanalabschnitt des ersten Überströmkanals. Dadurch ist vorteilhaft zumindest der zweite Kanalabschnitt des ersten Überströmkanals in der ersten Schaltstellung des Schaltelements funktionslos. Der zweite Kanalabschnitt des ersten Überströmkanals zwischen Verbindungsöffnung und Überströmfenster ist verschlossen. Der erste Kanalabschnitt zwischen Mündungsöffnung und Verbindungsöffnung ist vorteilhaft mit beiden Enden mit dem Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum verbunden und damit ebenfalls funktionslos.Advantageously, the internal combustion engine has means which, in the first switching position of the switching element, at least partially, in particular completely, interrupt the connection of the crankcase interior with the combustion chamber via the first overflow channel. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the switching element itself forms the means for interrupting the connection of the crankcase interior with the combustion chamber via the first overflow channel. The first overflow channel can advantageously be divided into a first channel section and at least one second channel section. The first passage section of the first transfer passage advantageously has the connection opening to the crankcase. The first channel section of the first overflow channel advantageously extends from the mouth opening to below the switching element or to the connection opening. The second channel section of the overflow channel advantageously extends as far as the overflow window, in particular from above the switching element to the overflow window. Advantageously, the switching element in the first switching position closes the second channel section of the first overflow channel. As a result, at least the second channel section of the first overflow channel is advantageously inoperative in the first switching position of the switching element. The second channel section of the first overflow channel between the connection opening and the overflow window is closed. The first channel section between the mouth opening and the connection opening is advantageously connected at both ends to the crankcase interior and thus also without function.
Vorteilhaft weist die Kraftstoffzuführeinrichtung ein Kraftstoffventil auf. Das Kraftstoffventil kann vorteilhaft so angesteuert werden, dass nur über einen Teil eines Motorzyklus Kraftstoff in den Überströmkanal eingebracht wird. Besonders bevorzugt wird Kraftstoff in den Überströmkanal eingebracht, während die Überströmfenster zum Brennraum geöffnet sind und Verbrennungsluft aus dem Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum über den mindestens einen Überströmkanal in den Brennraum strömt.The fuel supply device advantageously has a fuel valve. The fuel valve can advantageously be controlled so that fuel is introduced into the overflow channel only over part of an engine cycle. Particularly preferably, fuel is introduced into the overflow channel, while the overflow windows are open to the combustion chamber and combustion air flows from the crankcase interior via the at least one overflow channel into the combustion chamber.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsvariante ist vorgesehen, dass das Kraftstoffventil den Kraftstoff in den ersten Überströmkanal zuführt. Hierzu ist das Kraftstoffventil vorteilhaft so angeordnet, dass eine Austrittsöffnung des Kraftstoffventils für Kraftstoff an dem ersten Überströmkanal angeordnet ist. Dadurch kann der Kraftstoff zyklusgenau direkt in den Überströmkanal dosiert werden. In Motorzyklen, bei denen keine Verbrennung erfolgen soll, kann die Kraftstoffzufuhr ausgesetzt werden.In an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the fuel valve feeds the fuel into the first overflow channel. For this purpose, the fuel valve is advantageously arranged so that an outlet opening of the fuel valve for fuel is arranged on the first overflow channel. As a result, the fuel can be metered precisely to the cycle directly into the overflow channel. In engine cycles where no combustion is to take place, the fuel supply may be suspended.
In alternativer vorteilhafter Gestaltung ist vorgesehen, dass der Verbrennungsmotor einen Ansaugkanal zur Zufuhr von Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch besitzt, der in den ersten Überströmkanal mündet. Dadurch kann eine verbesserte Kraftstoffaufbereitung erreicht werden. Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Kraftstoff in den Ansaugkanal über ein Einspritzventil zugeführt wird. Auch andere Mittel zur Zufuhr von Kraftstoff wie beispielsweise ein Vergaser können jedoch vorteilhaft sein. Aus dem Brennraum führt vorteilhaft eine Auslassöffnung. Über die Auslassöffnung können Abgase aus dem Brennraum heraus und beispielsweise in einen Schalldämpfer geführt werden. Das erste Überströmfenster ist insbesondere gegenüberliegend zu der Auslassöffnung am Zylinder angeordnet. Besonders bevorzugt ist am Umfang der Zylinderbohrung zwischen dem ersten Überströmfenster und der Auslassöffnung mindestens ein weiteres Überströmfenster eines weiteren Überströmkanals angeordnet, über das Verbrennungsluft oder Gemisch aus dem Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum in den Brennraum einströmt. Die über den mindestens einen weiteren Überströmkanal in den Brennraum strömende Verbrennungsluft trennt das über den ersten Überströmkanal in den Brennraum einströmende Gemisch von den zur Auslassöffnung strömenden Abgasen. Dadurch kann ein Übertritt von Kraftstoff unmittelbar in die Auslassöffnung vorteilhaft weitgehend vermieden werden.In an alternative advantageous design it is provided that the internal combustion engine has an intake passage for supplying fuel / air mixture, which opens into the first transfer port. As a result, improved fuel conditioning can be achieved. It can be provided that the fuel is supplied into the intake passage via an injection valve. However, other means for supplying fuel such as a gasifier may be advantageous. From the combustion chamber leads advantageously an outlet. Exhaust gases can be led out of the combustion chamber and, for example, into a silencer via the outlet opening. The first overflow window is in particular arranged opposite the outlet opening on the cylinder. At least one further overflow window of a further overflow channel is preferably arranged on the circumference of the cylinder bore between the first overflow window and the outlet opening, via which combustion air or mixture flows from the crankcase interior into the combustion chamber. The combustion air flowing into the combustion chamber via the at least one further overflow channel separates the mixture flowing into the combustion chamber via the first overflow channel from the exhaust gases flowing to the outlet opening. As a result, a transfer of fuel directly into the outlet opening can advantageously be largely avoided.
Vorteilhaft ist an der ersten Mündungsöffnung ein Ventil angeordnet. Das Ventil an der ersten Mündungsöffnung ist insbesondere ein Rückschlagventil. Dadurch ist die erste Mündungsöffnung nur dann zum Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum geöffnet, wenn der Druck im Überströmkanal kleiner ist als der Druck im Kurbelgehäuse, das Überströmfenster also zum Brennraum geöffnet ist.Advantageously, a valve is arranged at the first mouth opening. The valve at the first orifice is in particular a check valve. As a result, the first orifice is only opened to the crankcase interior when the pressure in the overflow channel is smaller than the pressure in the crankcase, the overflow window is thus opened to the combustion chamber.
Zur Vorlagerung von weitgehend kraftstofffreier Luft ist vorteilhaft vorgesehen, dass der Verbrennungsmotor einen Zuführkanal zur Zufuhr von weitgehend kraftstofffreier Luft aufweist. Der Zuführkanal mündet vorteilhaft mit einer Eintrittsöffnung an der Zylinderbohrung. Der Zuführkanal ist vorteilhaft in mindestens einer Stellung des Kolbens, insbesondere im Bereich des oberen Totpunkts des Kolbens, mit mindestens einem zweiten Überströmfenster eines zweiten Überströmkanals verbunden. Dadurch kann in dem mindestens einen zweiten Überströmkanal weitgehend kraftstofffreie Luft vorgelagert werden.For the pre-storage of substantially fuel-free air is advantageously provided that the engine has a supply channel for supplying largely fuel-free air. The feed channel opens advantageously with an inlet opening on the cylinder bore. The feed channel is advantageously connected in at least one position of the piston, in particular in the region of the top dead center of the piston, with at least one second transfer port of a second transfer port. As a result, largely fuel-free air can be stored upstream in the at least one second overflow channel.
Um insbesondere bei Volllast einen ausreichenden Luftdurchsatz zu ermöglichen, ist in vorteilhafter Gestaltung vorgesehen, dass die Eintrittsöffnung des Zuführkanals im Bereich des oberen Totpunkts des Kolbens in den Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum mündet. Hierzu ist die Eintrittsöffnung so positioniert und der Kolben so bemessen, dass das Kolbenhemd die Eintrittsöffnung an der Zylinderbohrung im Bereich des oberen Totpunkts des Kolbens mindestens teilweise freigibt. Mit anderen Worten gibt der Kolben die Eintrittsöffnung an der Zylinderbohrung im Bereich des oberen Totpunkts vorteilhaft mindestens teilweise frei.In order to allow a sufficient air flow, in particular at full load, it is provided in an advantageous design that the inlet opening of the feed channel opens in the region of the top dead center of the piston in the crankcase interior. For this purpose, the inlet opening is positioned and the piston dimensioned such that the piston skirt at least partially releases the inlet opening on the cylinder bore in the region of top dead center of the piston. In other words, the piston advantageously at least partially releases the inlet opening on the cylinder bore in the area of top dead center.
Für ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Verbrennungsmotors ist vorgesehen, dass das Schaltelement in einer ersten Schaltstellung den Strömungsquerschnitt der Verbindungsöffnung freigibt und in einer zweiten Schaltstellung den Strömungsquerschnitt der Verbindungsöffnung mindestens teilweise verschließt. Das Schaltelement wird vorteilhaft in Abhängigkeit der Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors zwischen der ersten Schaltstellung und der zweiten Schaltstellung verstellt.For a method for operating an internal combustion engine, it is provided that the switching element releases the flow cross section of the connection opening in a first switching position and at least partially closes the flow cross section of the connection opening in a second switching position. The switching element is advantageously adjusted as a function of the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine between the first switching position and the second switching position.
Vorteilhaft ist vorgesehen, dass das Schaltelement bei Überschreiten einer ersten Drehzahl, die oberhalb einer Leerlaufdrehzahl liegt und/oder bei Überschreiten eines ersten Öffnungswinkels des Drosselelements, in die erste Schaltstellung verstellt wird, und dass das Schaltelement bei Unterschreiten der ersten Drehzahl und/oder bei Unterschreiten des ersten Öffnungswinkels des Drosselelements in die zweite Schaltstellung verstellt wird. Oberhalb der ersten Drehzahl und/oder oberhalb des ersten Öffnungswinkels des Drosselelements befindet sich das Schaltelement dadurch immer in der ersten Schaltstellung, in der der Strömungsquerschnitt der Verbindungsöffnung freigegeben ist, und unterhalb der ersten Drehzahl und/oder unterhalb des ersten Öffnungswinkels des Drosselelements in der zweiten Schaltstellung, in der das Schaltelement den Strömungsquerschnitt der Verbindungsöffnung mindestens teilweise verschließt. Dadurch kann bei niedrigen Drehzahlen, die unterhalb der ersten Drehzahl liegen, und/oder bei geringen Öffnungswinkeln des Drosselelements, die unterhalb des ersten Öffnungswinkels liegen, gezielt eine vergleichsweise geringe Kraftstoffmenge in den Überströmkanal und damit auch gezielt in den Brennraum eingebracht werden. Vorteilhaft kann durch die Einbringung der Kraftstoffmenge in den Überströmkanal insbesondere bei warmem Verbrennungsmotor sichergestellt werden, dass die gesamte zugeführte Kraftstoffmenge bei der nächsten Verbrennung im Brennraum zur Verfügung steht. Dadurch ist eine gezielte Kraftstoffdosierung insbesondere bei niedrigen Drehzahlen und/oder bei kleinen Öffnungswinkeln des Drosselelements möglich.Advantageously, it is provided that the switching element is exceeded when a first speed which is above an idling speed is exceeded and / or when a first speed is exceeded Opening angle of the throttle element, is adjusted in the first switching position, and that the switching element is adjusted when falling below the first speed and / or falls below the first opening angle of the throttle element in the second switching position. Above the first speed and / or above the first opening angle of the throttle element, the switching element is thereby always in the first switching position in which the flow cross-section of the connection opening is released, and below the first speed and / or below the first opening angle of the throttle element in the second Switching position in which the switching element at least partially closes the flow cross section of the connection opening. As a result, at low speeds, which are below the first speed, and / or at low opening angles of the throttle element, which are below the first opening angle, targeted a comparatively small amount of fuel in the overflow and thus also specifically introduced into the combustion chamber. Advantageously, it can be ensured by introducing the amount of fuel into the overflow channel, in particular with a warm internal combustion engine, that the entire amount of fuel supplied is available in the combustion chamber in the next combustion. As a result, targeted fuel metering is possible, in particular at low speeds and / or at small opening angles of the throttle element.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden im Folgenden anhand der Zeichnung erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Verbrennungsmotors,
- Fig. 2a
- ein schematisches Diagramm, das einen exemplarischen Verlauf der Drehzahl über der Zeit angibt,
- Fig. 2b
- ein Diagramm, das Schaltstellungen des Schaltelements für den in
Fig. 2a dargestellten Drehzahlverlauf über der Zeit angibt, - Fig. 2c
- ein schematisches Diagramm, das einen exemplarischen Verlauf des Öffnungswinkels des Drosselelements über der Zeit angibt,
- Fig. 2d
- ein Diagramm, das Schaltstellungen des Schaltelements für den in
Fig. 2c dargestellten Verlauf des Öffnungswinkels über der Zeit angibt, - Fig. 2e
- ein Diagramm, das Schaltstellungen des Schaltelements für den in
Fig. 2a dargestellten Drehzahlverlauf und den inFig. 2c dargestellten Verlauf des Öffnungswinkels über der Zeit angibt, - Fig. 3
bis 6 - schematische Darstellungen eines Motorzyklus des Verbrennungsmotors aus
Fig. 1 im Leerlauf, - Fig. 7
bis 10 - schematische Darstellungen eines Motorzyklus des Verbrennungsmotors aus
Fig. 1 bei Volllast, - Fig. 11
- eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines Verbrennungsmotors,
- Fig. 12
bis 15 - schematische Darstellungen eines Motorzyklus des Verbrennungsmotors aus
Fig. 11 im Leerlauf, - Fig. 16
bis 19 - schematische Darstellungen eines Motorzyklus des Verbrennungsmotors aus
Fig. 11 bei Volllast.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic representation of a first embodiment of an internal combustion engine,
- Fig. 2a
- a schematic diagram indicating an exemplary course of the speed over time,
- Fig. 2b
- a diagram showing the switching positions of the switching element for the in
Fig. 2a indicates the speed curve over time, - Fig. 2c
- 3 is a schematic diagram indicating an exemplary course of the opening angle of the throttle element over time;
- Fig. 2d
- a diagram showing the switching positions of the switching element for the in
Fig. 2c indicates the progression of the opening angle over time, - Fig. 2e
- a diagram showing the switching positions of the switching element for the in
Fig. 2a shown speed curve and the inFig. 2c indicates the progression of the opening angle over time, - Fig. 3 to 6
- schematic representations of an engine cycle of the internal combustion engine
Fig. 1 idle, - Fig. 7 to 10
- schematic representations of an engine cycle of the internal combustion engine
Fig. 1 at full load, - Fig. 11
- a schematic representation of another embodiment of an internal combustion engine,
- Fig. 12 to 15
- schematic representations of an engine cycle of the internal combustion engine
Fig. 11 idle, - Fig. 16 to 19
- schematic representations of an engine cycle of the internal combustion engine
Fig. 11 at full load.
Der Verbrennungsmotor 1 weist einen ersten Überströmkanal 14 auf, der mit einem Überströmfenster 15 in den Brennraum 3 mündet. Das Überströmfenster 15 ist vom Kolben 5 schlitzgesteuert. An seinem anderen Ende mündet der Überströmkanal 14 mit einer ersten Mündungsöffnung 25 in den Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum 24. Die erste Mündungsöffnung 25 kann vorteilhaft von einem Ventil gesteuert sein. Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist beispielhaft ein druckgesteuertes Rückschlagventil 23 vorgesehen.The
Zur Zufuhr von Kraftstoff kann ein Einspritzventil 13 vorgesehen sein. Das Einspritzventil 13 ist von einer Steuereinrichtung 29 des Verbrennungsmotors 1 gesteuert. Das Einspritzventil 13 ist vorteilhaft am Überströmkanal 14 angeordnet. Im Ausführungsbeispiel führt das Einspritzventil 13 den Kraftstoff unmittelbar in den ersten Überströmkanal 14 zu. Hierzu besitzt das Einspritzventil 13 eine Kraftstofföffnung 30, die im ersten Überströmkanal 14 angeordnet ist. Aus dem Brennraum 3 führt eine Auslassöffnung 21. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Auslassöffnung 21 und das Überströmfenster 15 des ersten Überströmkanals 14 bezogen auf die Zylinderlängsachse 49 einander gegenüberliegend an der Zylinderbohrung 31 angeordnet.For supplying fuel, an
Der Verbrennungsmotor 1 kann gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach
Der Verbrennungsmotor 1 ist ein mit Spülvorlage arbeitender Motor. Der Zuführkanal 10 dient dazu, Luft in den Überströmkanälen 16 und 18 vorzulagern. Der Kolben 5 weist mindestens eine Kolbentasche 20 auf. Über die Kolbentasche 20 ist die Eintrittsöffnung 12 in konstruktiv vorgegebenen Stellungen des Kolbens 5 mit den Überströmfenstern 17 und 19 verbunden. Dadurch kann Luft aus dem Zuführkanal 10 über die Kolbentasche 20 in die Überströmkanäle 16 und 18 einströmen. Der Zuführkanal 10 ist lediglich indirekt mit dem ersten Überströmkanal 14 verbunden, nämlich über den Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum 24. Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Eintrittsöffnung 12 im Bereich des oberen Totpunkts des Kolbens 5 mit den Überströmfenstern 17 und 19 verbunden (siehe
Wie
Es kann alternativ auch vorgesehen sein, dass die Oberkanten 65, 67 und 69 der Überströmfenster 15, 17 und 19 auf unterschiedlicher Höhe in den Brennraum 3 münden. Dies kann entsprechend zu geänderten Steuerzeiten durch den Kolben 5 führen. Es kann somit beispielsweise vorgesehen sein, dass die Überströmfenster 17 und 19 zuerst geöffnet werden und erst nach weiterem Abwärtshub des Kolbens 5 das Überströmfenster 15 geöffnet wird. Dadurch wird der Brennraum 3 zunächst mit weitgehend kraftstofffreier Luft aus den Überströmkanälen 17 und 19 gespült, bevor Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch aus dem ersten Überströmkanal 14 durch das Überströmfenster 15 in den Brennraum 3 übertritt.Alternatively, it can also be provided that the
Wie
Das Schaltelement 22 kann in eine erste Schaltstellung 27 (
In vorteilhafter Ausführung ist vorgesehen, dass das Schaltelement 22 in Abhängigkeit der Drehzahl zwischen der ersten Schaltstellung 27 und der zweiten Schaltstellung 28 verstellt wird. Die Ansteuerung des Schaltelements 22 erfolgt vorteilhaft über die Steuereinrichtung 29 des Verbrennungsmotors.In an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the switching
Ergänzend zu der beschriebenen Verstellung des Schaltelements 22 in Abhängigkeit der Drehzahl n kann das Schaltelement 22 für weitere Betriebspunkte in die zweite Schaltstellung 28 verstellt werden. Das Schaltelement 22 kann beispielsweise beim Beschleunigen, in der Enddrehzahl oder beim Verzögern in die zweite Schaltstellung 28 verstellt werden. Dies ist in
Es kann vorgesehen sein, das Schaltelement 22 erst zu einem Zeitpunkt t1' in die erste Schaltstellung 27 zu verstellen. Zum Zeitpunkt t1' ist die Drehzahl n größer als die erste Drehzahl n1. Der Zeitpunkt t1' liegt nach dem Zeitpunkt t1. Zum Zeitpunkt t1' sinkt die Beschleunigung unter einen vorgegebenen Wert, die Drehzahl n steigt also weniger stark an als bei der vorangegangenen starken Beschleunigung.It can be provided to adjust the switching
Zum Zeitpunkt t1" läuft der Verbrennungsmotor 1 mit einer Enddrehzahl, bei der eine Drehzahlbegrenzung aktiv ist. Es kann vorgesehen sein, das Schaltelement 22 kurzzeitig in die zweite Schaltstellung 28 zu verstellen, beispielsweise bis zu einem auf den Zeitpunkt t1" folgenden Zeitpunkt t2". Dadurch kann bei der Drehzahlbegrenzung in der Enddrehzahl eine umdrehungsgenaue Dosierung von Kraftstoff in den Brennraum 3 erfolgen. Dies ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn zum Abregeln nicht bei jedem Motorzyklus eine Zündung erfolgt.At time t 1 ", the
Wie in
In alternativer Gestaltung ist vorgesehen, dass das Schaltelement 22 nicht in Abhängigkeit der Drehzahl, sondern in Abhängigkeit eines Öffnungswinkels α des Drosselelements 11 zwischen der ersten Schaltstellung 27 und der zweiten Schaltstellung 28 verstellt wird. Der Öffnungswinkel α ist in
Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass das Schaltelement 22 ergänzend zu der Verstellung in Abhängigkeit des Öffnungswinkels α für weitere Betriebspunkte in die zweite Schaltstellung 28 verstellt wird.It can be provided that the switching
In weiterer vorteilhafter, alternativer Gestaltung ist vorgesehen, dass das Schaltelement 22 in Abhängigkeit des Öffnungswinkels α und in Abhängigkeit der Drehzahl der Kurbelwelle 7 zwischen der ersten Schaltstellung 27 und der zweiten Schaltstellung 28 verstellt wird. Der sich ergebende Verlauf der Schaltstellungen 27 und 28 ist schematisch als Linie 64 in
In den
In alternativer vorteilhafter Gestaltung ist vorgesehen, dass das Schaltelement 22 nur die Verbindungsöffnung 26 öffnet und verschließt, nicht jedoch den Überströmkanal 14 verschließt bzw. öffnet.In an alternative advantageous design, it is provided that the switching
Die
In
Die anhand der
In der in
Im Ausführungsbeispiel wird der Kraftstoff 39 in den ersten Überströmkanal 14 eingespritzt, wenn das Überströmfenster 15 bereits geschlossen ist. In alternativer Ausführung ist es jedoch auch möglich, den Kraftstoff 39 in den ersten Überströmkanal 14 einzuspritzen, während das Überströmfenster 15 geöffnet ist und Verbrennungsluft aus dem Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum 24 durch den ersten Überströmkanal 14 in den Brennraum 3 strömt.In the exemplary embodiment, the
Die
Wie die
Beim Aufwärtshub des Kolbens 5 strömen, wie
In der in
Wie
Wie
Wie
Beim Abwärtshub des Kolbens 5 (
Die
Die Verbindungsöffnung 26 ist in der in
Claims (16)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Überströmkanal (14) zusätzlich zu der Mündungsöffnung (25) und dem ersten Überströmfenster (15) eine Verbindungsöffnung (26) besitzt, wobei der erste Überströmkanal (14) an der Verbindungsöffnung (26) mit dem Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum (24) verbunden ist, und dass ein Schaltelement (22, 22') zum Schalten der Verbindungsöffnung (26) vorgesehen ist.Internal combustion engine with a cylinder (2), in which a combustion chamber (3) is formed, with a piston (5) which limits the combustion chamber (3) and which is reciprocated in the cylinder (2), with a crankcase (4), in which a crankshaft (7) is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation (8), the crankshaft (7) being driven in rotation by the piston (5) about the axis of rotation (8), with at least one first overflow channel (14 ), which in the region of the bottom dead center of the piston (5) establishes a fluidic connection between a crankcase interior (24) and the combustion chamber (3), wherein the first transfer passage (14) via a first orifice (25) with the crankcase interior (24) is connected and with at least a first overflow window (15) opens into the combustion chamber (3), wherein the internal combustion engine (1) has a fuel supply, the fuel between the first overflow window (15) and the first orifice (25) in the first n feed overflow channel (14),
characterized in that the first overflow channel (14) has a connection opening (26) in addition to the mouth opening (25) and the first overflow window (15), the first overflow channel (14) being connected to the crankcase interior (24) at the connection opening (26). is connected, and that a switching element (22, 22 ') for switching the connection opening (26) is provided.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schaltelement (22, 22') in einer ersten Schaltstellung (27) den Strömungsquerschnitt der Verbindungsöffnung (26) freigibt und in einer zweiten Schaltstellung (28) den Strömungsquerschnitt der Verbindungsöffnung (26) mindestens teilweise verschließt.Internal combustion engine according to claim 1,
characterized in that the switching element (22, 22 ') in a first switching position (27) releases the flow cross section of the connecting opening (26) and in a second switching position (28) at least partially closes the flow cross section of the connecting opening (26).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schaltelement (22) den Strömungsquerschnitt der Verbindungsöffnung (26) in der zweiten Schaltstellung (28) vollständig verschließt.Internal combustion engine according to claim 2,
characterized in that the switching element (22) completely closes the flow cross-section of the connecting opening (26) in the second switching position (28).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schaltelement (22, 22') ein mechanisches Schaltelement (22, 22') ist.Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the switching element (22, 22 ') is a mechanical switching element (22, 22').
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schaltelement (22, 22') unabhängig von der Drehlage der Kurbelwelle zwischen der ersten Schaltstellung (27) und der zweiten Schaltstellung (28) verstellbar ist.Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 2 to 4,
characterized in that the switching element (22, 22 ') independently of the rotational position of the crankshaft between the first switching position (27) and the second switching position (28) is adjustable.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Steuereinrichtung (29) zur Ansteuerung des Schaltelements (22, 22') vorgesehen ist.Internal combustion engine according to claim 5,
characterized in that a control device (29) for controlling the switching element (22, 22 ') is provided.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinrichtung (29) zur Betätigung des Schaltelements (22, 22') in Abhängigkeit der Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors (1) ausgebildet ist.Internal combustion engine according to claim 6,
characterized in that the control device (29) for actuating the switching element (22, 22 ') in dependence on the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine (1) is formed.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verbrennungsmotor (1) ein Drosselelement (11) zur Steuerung von mindestens einer Teilmenge der dem Verbrennungsmotor (1) zugeführten Verbrennungsluftmenge aufweist, und dass die Steuereinrichtung (29) zur Betätigung des Schaltelements (22, 22') in Abhängigkeit der Stellung des Drosselelements (11) ausgebildet ist.Internal combustion engine according to claim 6 or 7,
characterized in that the internal combustion engine (1) comprises a throttle element (11) for controlling at least a subset of the combustion air quantity supplied to the internal combustion engine (1), and in that the control device (29) for actuating the switching element (22, 22 ') is dependent on the Position of the throttle element (11) is formed.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mittel vorgesehen sind, die in der ersten Schaltstellung (27) des Schaltelements (22, 22') die Verbindung des Kurbelgehäuseinnenraums (24) mit dem Brennraum (5) über den ersten Überströmkanal (14) mindestens teilweise unterbrechen.Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 2 to 8,
characterized in that means are provided which in the first switching position (27) of the switching element (22, 22 ') at least partially interrupt the connection of the crankcase interior (24) with the combustion chamber (5) via the first overflow channel (14).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungsöffnung (26) im Leerlauf mindestens teilweise geschlossen und bei Volllast geöffnet ist.Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized in that the connection opening (26) is at least partially closed at idle and open at full load.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verbrennungsmotor einen Ansaugkanal (50) zur Zufuhr von Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch besitzt, der in den ersten Überströmkanal (14) mündet.Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 10,
characterized in that the internal combustion engine has a suction channel (50) for supplying fuel / air mixture, which opens into the first overflow channel (14).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus dem Brennraum (5) eine Auslassöffnung (21) führt, und dass das erste Überströmfenster (15) gegenüberliegend zu der Auslassöffnung (21) am Zylinder (2) angeordnet ist.Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 11,
characterized in that from the combustion chamber (5) an outlet opening (21) leads, and that the first overflow window (15) opposite to the outlet opening (21) on the cylinder (2) is arranged.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der ersten Mündungsöffnung (25) ein Ventil angeordnet ist.Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 12,
characterized in that at the first orifice (25) a valve is arranged.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verbrennungsmotor (1) einen Zuführkanal (10) zur Zufuhr von weitgehend kraftstofffreier Luft besitzt, der mit einer Eintrittsöffnung (12) an der Zylinderbohrung (31) mündet und der in mindestens einer Stellung des Kolbens (5) über eine Kolbentasche (20) mit mindestens einem zweiten Überströmfenster (17, 19) eines zweiten Überströmkanals (16, 18) verbunden ist.Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 13,
characterized in that the internal combustion engine (1) has a feed channel (10) for supplying largely fuel-free air, which opens with an inlet opening (12) on the cylinder bore (31) and in at least one position of the piston (5) via a piston pocket (20) with at least one second transfer port (17, 19) of a second transfer port (16, 18) is connected.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schaltelement (22, 22') in einer ersten Schaltstellung (27) den Strömungsquerschnitt der Verbindungsöffnung (26) freigibt und in einer zweiten Schaltstellung (28) den Strömungsquerschnitt der Verbindungsöffnung (26) mindestens teilweise verschließt, und dass das Schaltelement (22, 22') in Abhängigkeit der Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors (1) und/oder in Abhängigkeit der Stellung eines Drosselelements (11) des Verbrennungsmotors (1) zwischen der ersten Schaltstellung (27) und der zweiten Schaltstellung (28) verstellt wird.Method for operating an internal combustion engine according to one of Claims 1 to 14,
characterized in that the switching element (22, 22 ') in a first switching position (27) releases the flow cross section of the connecting opening (26) and in a second switching position (28) at least partially closes the flow cross section of the connecting opening (26), and that the switching element (22, 22 ') as a function of the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine (1) and / or in dependence on the position of a throttle element (11) of the internal combustion engine (1) between the first switching position (27) and the second switching position (28) is adjusted.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schaltelement (22, 22') bei Überschreiten einer ersten Drehzahl (n1), die oberhalb einer Leerlaufdrehzahl (nL) liegt, in die erste Schaltstellung (27) verstellt wird, und dass das Schaltelement (22, 22') bei Unterschreiten der ersten Drehzahl (n1) in die zweite Schaltstellung (28) verstellt wird.Method according to claim 15,
characterized in that the switching element (22, 22 ') when a first rotational speed (n 1 ), which is above an idling speed (n L ) is exceeded, in the first switching position (27) is adjusted, and that the switching element (22, 22 ') is adjusted when falling below the first speed (n 1 ) in the second switching position (28).
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2018
- 2018-04-24 DE DE102018003476.4A patent/DE102018003476A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2019
- 2019-03-11 US US16/298,001 patent/US10858985B2/en active Active
- 2019-04-18 EP EP19170058.2A patent/EP3561257B1/en active Active
- 2019-04-24 CN CN201910333920.8A patent/CN110397498B/en active Active
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DE60018979T2 (en) * | 2000-01-14 | 2006-03-23 | Aktiebolaget Electrolux | TWO-STROKE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US10858985B2 (en) | 2020-12-08 |
CN110397498A (en) | 2019-11-01 |
EP3561257B1 (en) | 2021-07-21 |
DE102018003476A1 (en) | 2019-10-24 |
US20190323418A1 (en) | 2019-10-24 |
CN110397498B (en) | 2022-07-08 |
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