EP3559938B1 - Ligature for woodwind instruments - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a reed holding system or a ligature for woodwind instruments, in particular clarinet or saxophone, which, using a receiving shoe, clamps a reed for making music on the mouthpiece of the woodwind instrument in a manner that prevents it from twisting or shifting, in particular according to the preamble of claim 7. The invention also relates to a receiving shoe the preamble of claim 1 and a use of the sheet holding system (see claim 8).

Among other things, the clarinet and saxophone are referred to as woodwind instruments, in which the tones are generated by means of a reed. To produce the tone, the player causes the reed clamped to the mouthpiece to vibrate. As a direct result, the reed transmits its vibrations to the surrounding instrument body and uses it as a resonance body. As the name suggests, most reeds are made from reed, pole or bamboo cane.

The problem of the conventional tensioning of a reed arises from the fact that three elements: firstly the mouthpiece, secondly the reed and thirdly the clamping device (this is also called a ligature or ligature) can be simultaneously and precisely aligned as quickly and precisely as possible with just two hands, i.e. into a designated one Position to each other, must be brought. The reed is attached to the mouthpiece with a reed holder for making music. The exact placement of the reed on the intended contact surface on the mouthpiece is crucial. The front edge of the reed must be roughly flush with the front edge of the mouthpiece so that the instrument can produce musical tones at all. At the same time, the exact position of the reed on the mouthpiece, the position of the reed holder on the reed and the contact pressure that the reed holder exerts on the reed have a major impact on the individual sound of the musical instrument. Musicians are therefore always interested in obtaining an individual and reproducible sound through reproducible positioning of the reed.

Where and how the clamping device of the reed holding system attaches the reed to the mouthpiece is also decisive for the individual sound of the instrument. In addition to the size and placement of the contact areas between the clamping device and the mouthpiece, the material of the clamping device is also important. According to the current state of the art, the vast majority of jigs have a tight, wrap-around contact with the mouthpiece. The jigs are often made of leather, rubber-containing fabric or fabric or plastic fabric. These materials have a strong frequency-inhibiting or dampening effect on the mouthpiece. Metallic materials have a natural vibration behavior that does not always correspond to the vibration behavior of the mouthpiece. If the clamping device now has a frequency-dampening effect on the mouthpiece, this has an inhibiting effect on the response behavior of the instrument, especially when producing high tones. Response behavior is the delay time with which a desired tone becomes audible. Generating high tones is generally more difficult than generating low tones. After playing, the reed is removed from the mouthpiece and the parts are stored separately. Making music thus requires frequent assembly and disassembly of the reed and mouthpiece. Especially for musicians with a lack of routine, e.g. children, this is a time-consuming and error-prone procedure.

In addition, depending on the design of the reed holder, the reed is subject to considerable wear and tear, for example if the tips of locking screws leave dents in the reed. This necessitates frequent replacement of the reed. In addition, readjustment of the reed is made more difficult because the linear or punctiform pressure contacts between the reed holder and the reed slide back into pressure points in the reed that still existed from earlier clamping processes. Negative effects of the deformation on the sound quality can also be assumed. Efforts to clamp reeds in a simple, reproducible, low-wear manner and with an individual sound, and of course aesthetic demands for stage musicians have to reed holder systems performed in a wide variety of embodiments. The mouthpiece of the musical instrument was often modified as well.

Furthermore, in the field of mouthpiece manufacture for different woodwind instruments (clarinet, E-flat saxophone, baritone saxophone and the like), there is no standard for the external dimensions of the mouthpieces. When developing a new ligature, it is typically a challenge to find a clamping mechanism that can be used for as many different diameters as possible. Most manufacturers of ligatures divide their products into sizes S (Small), M (Medium), L (Large) and XL (Extra Large), similar to textiles. When purchasing a new ligature, the musician must have their mouthpiece to hand to select the correct size.

If the ligature includes a tensioning device designed as a tensioning belt and/or tensioning strap and/or textile loop and/or fabric loop with a locking screw for tensioning the reed on the mouthpiece, a ligature that is too large does not provide a hold on the mouthpiece, while the thread of the locking screw is too small dimensioned ligature may scratch the mouthpiece.

The EP 0 847 575 B1 discloses a reed holding system with a ribbed/corrugated fixing plate, which presses the reed on the ribs against the intended contact surface on the mouthpiece. Because this fixing plate is interchangeable, different materials can be used for the fixing plate in order to achieve a specific timbre.

The U.S. 2014/0 305 279 A1 describes a ligature with a pressure plate for a reed with one or two axes of rotation, whereby the alignment of the force for pressing the reed with the pressure plate is adjusted to the conical angle of the mouthpiece. The pressure plate only exerts pressure on the back of the reed, and only when it is already resting on the contact surface of the mouthpiece.
The US 2009 / 288 554 A1 also concerns a ligature, which can be adapted to different mouthpieces. For this purpose, a reed is pressed with a pressure plate onto the intended surface on the mouthpiece in a one-off assembly process. A ribbon is then wrapped around the mouthpiece and cut at the appropriate length.

The DE 20 2015 000 307 U1 discloses a reed holder for a woodwind instrument with a contact element made of woody sweet grass for exerting pressure on the reed by means of the tensioning force provided by a clamping means. The pressure is only exerted on the back of the reed.

The U.S. 5,000,073A describes, inter alia, a manufacturing method for a ligature consisting essentially of a stamped metal band provided with ribs running circumferentially around the mouthpiece. These ribs are intended to minimize the contact area with the reed and the mouthpiece.

In the US 1,525,105A a reed holding system is shown in fixed connection with the mouthpiece. The mouthpiece design includes a non-metallic shell and a metal bushing that fits snugly into the diameter of the shell for attachment. The reed can be firmly attached to the mouthpiece with screw connections thanks to this metallic inner bushing. However, since the reed holding system is firmly connected to the mouthpiece, it cannot be universally used on other mouthpieces.

The U.S. 2004/0 177 743 A1 the contact between the reed holding system and the reed should be reduced. In this case, it is provided, inter alia, to use various small pressure plates formed with edges and projections.

The U.S. 2009/10 217 798 A1 describes a ligature with a flexible, stretchable strap material that makes longitudinal extensive contact with the reed to relieve pressure on the reed minimize and to prevent or dampen the vibrations that occur during tone formation, which spread to the mouthpiece and the entire instrument. In particular, weight should also be reduced by this ligature.

This ligature from the US 1,801,421A is a commonly used standard ligature. Due to the many - non-standard - mouthpiece sizes (diameter differences) that are constantly coming onto the market, this version can only be used to a very limited extent. As a remedy, different sizes were introduced, as already described above. However, flexible use is limited.

In the DE 100 15 108 A1 a new reed holding system is firmly integrated into a mouthpiece. Metallic components that are not tightly clamped to each other tend to "rattle" during resonance formation (sound generation) as soon as the natural frequency is reached. The reed is pushed in from the front edge of the mouthpiece against the resistance of a tensioning leaf spring. The disadvantage is that the pushing force can only be exerted on the reed in its most sensitive area - the leading edge of the reed.

The U.S. 2012/0 085 218 A1 discloses an ebonite ligature to improve sound quality, having a tapered hollow cylinder surrounded by rims.

So that a clamping device with a locking screw is suitable for mouthpieces of different sizes, ligatures with additional adjusting screws are known from the prior art, which ensure a minimum distance between the mouthpiece and locking screw. The disadvantage here is the assembly procedure for mounting the reed, which is more suitable for experienced musicians.

Also known from the prior art is a tensioning wire or tensioning cord or tensioning cord, with which a reed can be quasi “tied” to a mouthpiece. In principle it is comparable to a classic lace-up shoe that is tightened with laces/laces. A uniform force can be exerted on the reed by the wire, the cord or the cord and a large clamping range can be covered. The disadvantage here is that such a mounting material is not dimensionally stable, which means that the mounting of a reed is also unsuitable for children and beginners.

The WO 2017 029 454 A1 discloses a ligature for a woodwind instrument with a socket. The base holds a reed by means of springs that apply pressure to the side faces of the reed. There are two curved leaf springs that are attached to the base at both ends. Between the attachment points, the leaf spring bulges into the interior of the base and can thus hold the reed in place.

Another disadvantage of the ligatures from the prior art is that the fixing plates or pressure plates used usually do not offer any form-fitting or non-positive lateral guidance for the reed. The ribs also create pressure points on the side of the reed facing away from the mouthpiece, which makes subsequent displacement of the reed on the mouthpiece relative to the reed holder very difficult. In addition, replacing the fixing plate or the pressure plate is tedious and error-prone for inexperienced musicians due to the assembly or disassembly of several small parts.

The object of the present invention is to improve the state of the art of reed holding systems for woodwind instruments and to provide a device and a method in which reeds of different sizes can be easily and reproducibly mounted on mouthpieces of different sizes with a ligature. To solve the problem, the sheet holding system in claim 7, the receiving shoe in claim 1 and the use of the sheet holding system according to claim 8 are proposed. Optional, advantageous refinements of the invention result from the dependent claims and from a combination with the respective features of the claims and/or the following description. It should also be noted that in the following description individually listed features and measures can be combined with one another in any technically sensible way for musicians and show further refinements of the invention. The description additionally characterizes and specifies the invention, in particular in connection with the figures.

The invention is a reed holding system, in particular for woodwind instruments such as clarinet or saxophone. This reed holder has a receiving shoe, which fixes a reed on the mouthpiece of the woodwind instrument when playing music by exerting a compressive force acting on the reed, a so-called pressing force. The reed is clamped so that it cannot twist or move, so that the axis of symmetry or longitudinal direction of the reed coincides with an axis of symmetry or longitudinal direction of the contact surface of the mouthpiece provided for the reed and the front edge of the reed is approximately flush with the front edge of the mouthpiece. The receiving shoe achieves this in that it is suitable or designed to receive the reed in a non-positive manner and/or to form a form fit with at least one side surface of the reed.

The receiving shoe according to the invention is already aligned and fastened in the blade holding system. When the reed is clamped, it is initially received in the receiving shoe and held in position by the latter. In the next step, the reed holding system, including the mounting shoe and reed, is pushed onto the mouthpiece as a unit. Ultimately, this unit only has to be displaceable in the longitudinal axis or the axis of symmetry, so that the front edge of the reed is approximately flush with that of the mouthpiece. Only the connection of the new receiving shoe according to the invention, if necessary with a conventional blade holding system, results in a helpful, safe and quick handling of the ligature, which can also be easily mastered by inexperienced people or children.

The blade holding system includes the suitability for a pre-assembly arrangement (cf. in particular Figures 6a, 6b and 14 ) or the Use as a pre-assembly arrangement that can be mounted on the mouthpiece, whereby the term pre-assembly arrangement means a non-positive and/or positive coupling of the reed and a receiving shoe holding it, even before the reed holding system with the reed is pushed onto the mouthpiece. In this pre-assembly arrangement, the reed is already positioned in its final position relative to the reed holding system with the receiving shoe or the reed holding system in the reed holding system before it is coupled to the mouthpiece and coupled with it in a non-positive and/or positive manner. Both the force-fit and the form-fit coupling can emanate from the lateral boundary walls of the receiving shoe. Either the inner side surfaces of the boundary walls are adapted to the conical course of the reed and/or the boundary walls have devices for exerting a compressive force on the side surfaces of the reed. The reed can no longer fall out of the reed holding system on its own, which means that the musician has both hands available for pushing it onto the mouthpiece and tightening the locking screw, for example. The possibility of pre-assembly has the inestimable advantage for the user that he can, so to speak, position the reed on the mouthpiece and thus has all the "alignment work" anticipated.

The tensioning device for the sheet holding system can be designed as a belt or belt, for example made of leather or plastic, or as a resilient/permanently elastic band, for example made of metal or plastic. The clamping force required to fix the reed holding system in place is provided by a locking screw, which typically connects the two ends of the strap or band to one another on the side of the mouthpiece facing away from the reed. The clamping force of the locking screw exerts a compressive force on the receiving shoe, which in turn presses the reed onto the contact surface of the mouthpiece. Together with the form-fitting and/or non-positive engagement of the reed with the receiving shoe and a locking device between the receiving shoe and the belt or band, the reed remains clamped so that it cannot rotate or shift even while playing music, so that the The axis of symmetry or longitudinal axis of the reed coincides with the axis of symmetry or longitudinal axis of the contact surface of the mouthpiece and the front edge of the reed is approximately flush with the front edge of the mouthpiece.

Independent invention protection is claimed for the receiving shoe for the reed holding system described above, the receiving shoe having a device for non-positive coupling to the reed and/or for forming a form fit with at least one side surface of the reed.

In an advantageous development of the invention, the non-positive mounting or coupling is provided in that the mounting shoe has reversibly elastic elements and/or is provided with permanently elastically deformable material, the material and/or the corresponding element deforming indirectly or indirectly when the reed is inserted adapts directly to the side surfaces of the reed. Indirect adaptation means that the contact surfaces of the receiving shoe with the side surfaces of the reed are made of rigid material and the permanently elastic material is located away from the side surfaces of the reed or at a distance in the boundary walls of the receiving shoe, without direct contact with the side surfaces of the reed to train. With suitable elastic properties of at least parts of the receiving shoe material, the inner side surfaces of the receiving shoe can also run parallel to the axis of symmetry of the curved inner bearing surface of the receiving shoe. When inserting the reed into the receiving shoe, the boundary walls are deformed in accordance with the side surfaces of the reed, which taper conically towards one another.

According to the invention, the blade holding system is suitable for a pre-assembly arrangement with at least one spring clip or other elastic clip, for example made of metal or plastic. This spring clip can be formed from spring-elastic, for example rolled, flat material, for example spring steel, brass or plastic. In a first embodiment, the Bracket designed as bending springs. Comparable to a semi-elliptical leaf spring from motor vehicle construction, the bending spring is rotatably mounted in the middle at a support point. When the reed is inserted into the receiving shoe, the ends of the spiral spring form contact points with the side surfaces of the reed (cf. Figure 6b ). The spring bends as the curvature of the spring decreases. As a result, the bracket exerts a frictional connection with the side surfaces of the inserted reed at these contact points.

In an alternative embodiment, the spring clip or other elastically bendable clip is embedded in one of the two boundary walls of the receiving shoe, as a result of which the respective inner side surface of the corresponding boundary wall is interrupted. The spring clip is suitable for forming a frictional connection through the action of a compressive force, in particular by arching the clip with the simultaneous formation of two contact points, on the adjacent side surface of a reed to be inserted (cf. Figure 6a ). The uninterrupted boundary walls are designed to complement the shape of the reed in its clamping area and are additionally and/or alternatively available for a form fit with the reed. With such a pre-assembly arrangement, a force fit and a form fit between the reed and the reed holding system can be realized at the same time, and thus the non-slip or shift-proof assembly of the reed on the mouthpiece is considerably facilitated.

The reed preferably rests with its curved surface along its clamping area in the receiving shoe on an inner support surface which is designed as a form-fitting curved counterpart to the surface of the reed. This bearing surface extends partially or completely over the length of the curved clamping area of the reed. As a result, there are no pressure points in the reed. On the lateral edges of the arched inner contact surface of the receiving shoe there are optional boundary walls for the form-fitting guidance of the reed. The side inner surfaces of these walls are then shaped and arranged so that they are form-fitting or complementary to the conical mutually converging side surfaces in the clamping area of the reed or in parts thereof. The form-fitting receptacle is realized in that the receiving shoe is designed to partially, form-fittingly enclose the reed.

The standard reeds are subject to certain dimensional tolerances or manufacturing tolerances. Individual dimensions can therefore be too large or too small for an exclusively form-fitting, rigidly designed receiving shoe. In order to still be able to use any commercially available reed for any desired position for a form-fitting receptacle, embodiments with an integrated device for tolerance adjustment, which compensate for the manufacturing tolerances, are available. By adding grooves and/or indentations on the inner and outer surfaces of the receiving shoe, which run parallel and at the same time in pairs axisymmetric to the axis of symmetry of the curved inner bearing surface of the receiving shoe linearly over the entire length of the receiving shoe, the receiving shoe is given a meandering cross-section. As a result, the receiving shoe has its own resilience, in which the inner side surfaces of the boundary walls act as legs of what is known as a meander spring and, even in the case of dimensional tolerances, rest in a form-fitting manner on the side surfaces of the reed.

If a spring effect is to be realized for pick-up shoes made of wood or plastic, elastic spring clips are embedded in the boundary walls. They preferably run in pairs axisymmetric to the axis of symmetry of the curved inner bearing surface of the receiving shoe. When inserting the reed into the receiving shoe, these spring clips bulge elastically and preferably in a wavy manner, creating a punctiform support, regardless of tolerance deviations of the reed. The spring clips can be between 0.1 mm and more than 1 mm thick, with the thickness also depending on the choice of materials for the clips. The brackets can be made of metal or of a resilient plastic. The deformation of the spring clip, too, is completely reversible after the reed has been removed.

Depending on the desired timbre, the receiving shoe can be made of wood, but also of a duroplastic or thermoplastic material or of metal. In particular, the receiving shoe can be made of the same material as the mouthpiece or as the sound box of the musical instrument. In a preferred embodiment, the mounting shoe for a clarinet is therefore made of grenadil wood, which is customary for clarinet construction. In order to create a material equality with the mouthpiece, the receiving shoe can be made of ebonite, a natural rubber. If the inner side surfaces of the boundary walls are to run parallel to one another, the receiving shoe must have a permanently elastically deformable material, at least in some areas. A preferred material for this is polyurethane or hard rubber.

In addition to the simple and error-free assembly of the reed on the mouthpiece, the selection of a suitable fastening device should also ensure that the mounting shoe can be quickly replaced in the reed holding system, so that the interested musician can easily try out different versions and materials of a mounting shoe. In particular, a tool-free replacement of the receiving shoe, ie without the use of screwdrivers or the like, is sought. At least one recess (e.g. in the form of a bore or a pocket) is expediently provided for this purpose, which is locked to a tensioning device of the blade holding system using a small pin-shaped part (e.g. a screw, rivet, bolt or nail).

Independent invention protection is also claimed for a blade holding system with a spacer device according to claim 6. The purpose of the spacer device is to prevent components of the tensioning device (such as a leather strap, a metal band or a locking screw) from coming into direct contact with the mouthpiece, so that no unwanted component of the reed holding system impedes the mouthpiece in tone generation and thus in the build-up of resonance and all frequency-inhibiting effects and frequency-dampening influences on the mouthpiece switched off or reduced to a minimum. By choosing at least one suitable spacer, in particular a suitable material and/or a suitable shape, the sound quality of the musical instrument, and in particular the response behavior of high tones, can be specifically influenced.

In a preferred embodiment, this or these spacers are made of wood or metal. Above all, this ensures that no damping, resonance-inhibiting material, such as a tension belt, influences the formation of the sound. In this case, the spacer or spacers are preferably made of the same material as the mouthpiece (e.g. ebonite) or the resonance body (grenadile wood) of the musical instrument. As a result, an embodiment can be realized in which a reed holding system is realized without contact of foreign material with the mouthpiece and thus with the resonance body of the musical instrument. This leads to the possibility of a sort of single-variety musical instrument.

In a very simple embodiment according to the invention, these spacers are shaped as rod-shaped elements with a length of about 1 cm to form a linear contact area between the spacers and the mouthpiece. These sticks are simply inserted between a strap and the mouthpiece, for example, and prevent contact between the strap and the mouthpiece. This leaves only the spacers and the reed in contact with the mouthpiece. For example, a cylindrical or prismatic cross-sectional shape is suitable for the spacers, which can also change over the length of the spacer. The spacers can be made of solid material or with cavities. As a result, in addition to a linear contact area, a punctiform contact area can also be formed between the spacers and the mouthpiece. Combinations of linear and punctiform contact areas are also conceivable. Furthermore, the spacers can have additional edges, convex curvatures or other projections or surface elevations.

In an optional development of the invention, a fixed connection of the rods to the clamping device is conceivable. The spacers can also be formed as edges, bulges, protrusions or other surface elevations of a holding part or several holding parts, which or which touch or touch the mouthpiece on the opposite side of the reed in a line or point-like manner. A holding part in the form of an upper piece or a pressure shoe can be designed as a counterpart, for example to a receiving shoe, on the upper side of the mouthpiece. Instead of a receiving shoe according to the invention, any fixing device for the reed can be used in addition to the spacer device.

When using a receiving shoe as part of a blade holding system according to the invention with a spacer device, this receiving shoe can be used in all the embodiments of the blade holding system described above and below.

The upper piece can optionally have a locking screw as a locking device, which applies the necessary force for the reed holding system to attach it to the mouthpiece. Furthermore, a contact piece can be located at the tip of the locking screw as part of the upper piece. The internal thread as a counterpart to the external thread of the locking screw is located in a support anchor. When the screw is tightened, the contact piece presses on the mouthpiece, forming a linear contact area. A pressure is built up, which is transferred to the entire sheet holding system. However, other obvious methods can also be considered by the person skilled in the art as means of detection. An eccentric lever, for example, would be suitable for a particularly quick assembly of the device.

In an optional development of the invention, rigid anchors can be used instead of the tensioning strap in order to connect the upper part to a receiving shoe or some other fixing device (for example a pressure plate) on the opposite side of the mouthpiece. These anchors can be fixed to the support anchor of the upper piece. As a result, the fixing device and the spacer device can be dimensioned as small as desired. The anchors are arched in such a way that they connect the two components without contact and transfer the force of the locking device to the reed accordingly. Particularly in the case of an integral design of upper piece and spacer, the support anchor and contact piece are designed in a preferred embodiment such that when the reed holding system is placed on the mouthpiece, they approximately adapt to the geometry and in particular to the conical shape of the mouthpiece. The connectors are connected by means of fasteners on the fixture and the top piece. Also for optical reasons, fastening means are particularly suitable here, as they are used anyway for the individual keys on the musical instrument. At the same time, the use of non-musical instrument material is reduced in accordance with the invention. The anchors themselves can be made of aluminum or nickel silver.

Another advantage of the mounting shoe comes from understanding the pressure forces a reed holder can exert on the reed and thus on the contact pressure on the mouthpiece. The corresponding force of the blade holding system runs tangentially to the course of a lashing strap or an anchor. It can be broken down into a vertical and a horizontal force component. While the contact pressure is formed from the vertical force, the horizontal force component has no functional effect. A blade holder is therefore desirable in which the vertical force component in particular is as pronounced as possible. The fixing device or the receiving shoe and in particular their geometric external dimensions can be used to influence the shape in which the belt wraps around the mouthpiece or the anchor is connected to the fixing device. The larger the external dimensions of the fixing device, the steeper/more vertical the belt or anchor runs in the area of the side surfaces of the reed. This increases the vertical force component that the connectors exert on the reed. In the ideal case, the fixing device or mounting shoe are so wide that the connectors are guided past the side surfaces of the reed perpendicular to the center and the connector therefore only exerts a vertical force the reed exercises. This maximizes the achievable contact pressure of the belt or anchor.

In a further optional development of the device, a tensioning loop is used to stretch a reed onto the mouthpieces of woodwind instruments, such as a clarinet or saxophone, the tensioning loop being formed with reversibly deformable and/or elastic material. For example, spring-hard rolled sheet brass, spring-hard rolled spring steel or a suitable plastic can be used to form or produce the tensioning loop. Any material that deforms under a certain stress and then returns elastically to its original state without permanent deformation is suitable. Furthermore, the tensioning loop is characterized by a tensioning bracket, which is designed as a preferably elongate piece of elastic band, piece of sheet metal band or piece of wire for bending around the mouthpiece or has such a piece. This piece of tape can be a spring-hard rolled brass sheet and/or spring steel strip and/or a plastic. Such pieces of tape are typically used for flat springs. Since the tension loop is a component that is visible from the outside of the mouthpiece, it can be silver-plated for visual reasons. Furthermore, the tensioning loop has a piece of strap which has a first end section, a middle part and a second end section, the piece of sheet metal band being bendable and/or bent over to surround and/or encompass a mouthpiece and the two ends or at least two end sections each have a device for have direct coupling with each other. When it grips around the mouthpiece, the piece of sheet metal band encloses an approximately circular area which is aligned essentially perpendicularly to a longitudinal axis of the mouthpiece. The coupling is typically at the same time a locking device, as a result of which the metal strip retains the shape that it assumes when the mouthpiece is gripped. In the case of an indirect coupling, an additional intermediate piece or an adapter can be used between the end sections of the clamping bracket.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Clamping bracket has a device for coupling at its first end portion of the piece of tape, which is designed as a slot and / or groove and / or rail and / or recess and / or a catch. The elongated hole can be stamped or milled, for example.

Optionally, the device for coupling to the second end section of the strap piece is designed as an engagement element or complementary counter-lock for coupling to the slot and/or the groove and/or the rail and/or the recess and/or the lock. The locking effect, which holds the end sections of the piece of tape together, is achieved by the engagement element, for example in the elongated hole.

In a preferred embodiment, the device for coupling and/or the engagement element is formed in one piece with the piece of tape. In this way, the bracket, comprising the piece of band, the elongated hole and the engagement element, can be stamped, for example, as one piece from sheet metal material.

In a further optional embodiment of the invention, the tensioning loop comprises a slot and/or groove and/or rail and/or indentation and/or catch designed as a guide. The engagement element remains movable or adjustable for/under closure and/or coupling along this guide. The diameter that the tensioning loop can encompass depends on the relative position of the engagement element in this guide or in this slot. If the engagement element is moved along the guide towards the central part of the piece of tape, the diameter encompassed by the piece of tape or by the clamping bracket becomes smaller. If a suitable mouthpiece is pushed into the tightening loop, the tightening process can be initiated by pressing a reed coupled to the tightening bracket, for example by means of a receiving shoe according to the invention, onto the mouthpiece. With this mechanism, a reed can also be clamped or mounted on mouthpieces of different sizes. A comparatively large clamping range can thus be covered.

To adapt to the conical shape of the mouthpiece In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the tensioning loop has a tensioning bracket, with the first and/or the second end section being designed as elongated legs. Viewed in the unrolled, flattened state, these legs are aligned with a horizontal axis or longitudinal axis of the piece of tape or its central part at an angle, for example of 10° or 5-40°, whereby the angle can vary depending on the conicity of the mouthpiece. This approximately horizontal axis or longitudinal axis of the piece of band is substantially parallel to the bottom and approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the mouthpiece. In an optional development of the invention, the central part of the tensioning loop has suspension means for mounting a fixing device, for example a receiving shoe or another pressure plate, for a reed on the mouthpiece. These suspension means can, for example, be in the form of holes punched out in a piece of sheet metal strip. The fixing device can be mounted on these holes by means of suitable fastening means, for example screws or locking pins.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the tightening loop is equipped with a locking screw or another manually operable adjusting element for moving or adjusting the engagement element during the clamping process of the reed on the mouthpiece along, through the slot and/or groove and/or rail and/or depression and / or detent formed, guide provided. By actuating the locking screw, the tensioning process or the tensioning movement of the tensioning loop is initiated on or in relation to an imaginary piece of music. The diameter encompassed by the piece of band or the tensioning loop becomes wider or narrower as a result, until eventually the desired tensioning force for the reed is reached.

In an optional development of the invention, the locking screw of the tensioning loop includes a thread which has a first threaded section and a second threaded section. In this case, the first and the second threaded section have opposite directions of rotation to one another. The first section, adjacent to the handle of the set screw, can, for example, have a right-handed thread. In this case, the second portion, which is spaced further from the handle of the set screw, has a left-hand thread. The handle of the locking screw can also be arranged centrally between the two sections and designed as an adjusting wheel. Furthermore, the coupling of the clamping bracket with the locking screw is realized in that a nut with an internal thread is mounted on a first end section or in the area of the first end section of the clamping bracket. As an alternative or in addition to this, the clamping bracket is coupled to the locking screw by mounting a nut with an internal thread on the second end section of the clamping bracket or in the region of the second end section. The nuts are connected to the clamp by welding, gluing, riveting and/or pressing. In an advantageous embodiment of the tensioning loop, the nut of the first end section is complementary to the second threaded section of the locking screw and/or the nut of the second end section is designed to be complementary to the first threaded section of the locking screw, ie they are in meshing engagement. If, for example, the first container section has a right-hand thread, the nut of the second end section of the clamp is complementary and designed for meshing engagement with a right-hand thread.

An optional development of the tensioning loop according to the invention is designed in such a way that the tensioning process for tensioning a reed on the mouthpiece can be carried out by actuating the locking screw in a first direction of rotation and, due to the opposite direction of rotation of the threaded sections, the distance between the two nuts increases . During the process of dismantling the tensioning loop from the mouthpiece, the locking screw is turned in the other second direction of rotation, which is opposite to the first direction of rotation, with the distance between the two nuts decreasing from one another. The movement of the nuts is approximately symmetrical to a plane of symmetry of the mouthpiece, which results in a symmetrical application of force.

In an alternative development of the invention, a top described upper piece and/or a pressure shoe and/or the above-described support anchor and/or the above-described contact piece is provided, which can be pushed, pressed and/or pressed against the surface of the mouthpiece during the clamping process. On the one hand, this prevents the mouthpiece from being scratched by the thread of the locking screw and/or the metal strip. On the other hand, the material for the contact surface between the tensioning loop and the mouthpiece can be chosen as desired.

In yet another embodiment of the tensioning loop, it has a receiving shoe with at least two elastic spring clips, for example made of metal or plastic. Either a spring clip is embedded in one of the two boundary walls of the receiving shoe, or one spring clip is designed as a bending spring and is preferably rotatably mounted in front of the boundary wall. As a result, a symmetrical, and therefore particularly stable frictional connection is achieved by the action of a two-sided compressive force on the side surfaces of the reed with preferably four contact points between the spring clips and the reed, particularly during the pre-assembly arrangement, between the receiving shoe and the reed. In this embodiment, positive locking can also be achieved on the one hand via the conicity of the boundary walls of the receiving shoe and on the other hand via the tolerance-compensating leaf springs in the boundary walls or in front of the boundary walls.

In the preferred embodiment, the reed retention system is suitable for any mouthpiece and no modifications need to be made to the mouthpiece. In further embodiments according to the invention, individual features of the reed holding system according to the invention can be firmly integrated into the mouthpiece. The reed holding system presented is not limited to instruments such as clarinet or saxophone, but is possible for a large number of woodwind instruments with reeds through obvious technical adjustments. The fact that the mouthpiece does not have to be modified simplifies the retrofitting of existing instruments/mouthpieces.

• Einlegen und/oder Einschieben eines Rohrblatts mit der Unterseite frei nach außen, gegebenenfalls an einer vorhandenen Markierung, in den Aufnahmeschuh oder in das Blatthaltesystems an eine vorbestimmte Endposition relativ zum Aufnahmeschuh unter Ausbildung einer Vormontage-Anordnung, bis entweder die Seiteninnenflächen der Begrenzungswandungen die Seitenflächen des Rohrblatts formschlüssig umschließen und/oder sich eine auf die Seitenflächen des Rohrblattes gerichtete vorbestimmte kraftschlüssige Kopplung zwischen dem Aufnahmeschuh oder dem Blatthaltesystem und dem Rohrblatt ausbildet.
• Aufschieben dieser Vormontage-Anordnung auf das Mundstück unter bündiger Ausrichtung einer Rohrblatt-Vorderkante mit einer Vorderkante des Mundstücks. Durch den Formschluss und/oder insbesondere den Kraftschluss, der eine Kraft auf die Seitenflächen des Rohrblatts richtet, bleibt das Rohrblatt in der vorgesehenen Position relativ zum Aufnahmeschuh und/oder zum sonstigen Blatthaltesystem. Das Rohrblatt kann nicht mehr ohne Weiteres aus dem Blatthaltesystem fallen und der Musiker ist nicht gezwungen, das Rohrblatt mit einer Hand in der vorgesehenen Position im Blatthaltesystems und/oder auf dem Mundstück zu halten.
• Betätigung eines Spannbügels, beispielsweise einer Spannschlaufe, einer Spannschraube oder eines Exzenterhebels zum Aufspannen oder Andrücken der Rohrblatt-Unterseite im Spannbereich des Rohrblatts auf die dafür vorgesehene Auflagefläche des Mundstücks. Die zentrierte Ausrichtung des Rohrblatts auf der Symmetrieachse oder Längsachse der Auflagefläche des Mundstücks übernimmt das Blatthaltesystem beim Spannen automatisch. Dies erleichtert das Aufspannen des Rohrblatts zusätzlich.

An optional procedure for installing a reed on a woodwind mouthpiece such as a clarinet or saxophone is broken down into the following steps:

• Inserting and/or pushing a reed with the underside freely outwards, if necessary at an existing marking, into the receiving shoe or into the reed holding system at a predetermined end position relative to the receiving shoe, forming a pre-assembly arrangement, until either the inner side surfaces of the boundary walls meet the side surfaces of the Reed enclose in a form-fitting manner and/or a predetermined non-positive coupling directed towards the side surfaces of the reed is formed between the receiving shoe or the reed holding system and the reed.
• Slide this pre-assembly assembly onto the mouthpiece with a leading edge of the reed flush with a leading edge of the mouthpiece. Due to the form fit and/or in particular the force fit, which directs a force onto the side surfaces of the reed, the reed remains in the intended position relative to the receiving shoe and/or to the other reed holding system. The reed can no longer easily fall out of the reed holding system and the musician is not forced to hold the reed in the intended position in the reed holding system and/or on the mouthpiece with one hand.
• Actuation of a clamping bracket, for example a clamping loop, a clamping screw or an eccentric lever to clamp or press the underside of the reed in the clamping area of the reed onto the intended contact surface of the mouthpiece. The centered alignment of the reed on the axis of symmetry or longitudinal axis of the contact surface of the mouthpiece is automatically taken over by the reed holding system during tensioning. This also makes it easier to open the reed.

• Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines handelsüblichen Rohrblatts,
• Fig. 2 in perspektivischer Ansicht Zusammenbau eines Mundstücks, einer handelsüblichen Blattschraube und eines Rohrblatts, wie im Stand der Technik bekannt
• Fig. 3 eine perspektivische Ansicht auf einen Aufnahmeschuh aus Holz, welcher formschlüssig an das Rohrblatt angepasst ist,
• Fig. 4 eine perspektivische Ansicht auf eine Spannvorrichtung, mit Riemen und Feststellschraube zum Umfassen des Mundstücks,
• Fig. 5 eine Schnittansicht eines Aufnahmeschuhs, versehen mit einer Mäanderfederung,
• Fig. 6a eine perspektivische Ansicht auf eine Vormontage-Anordnung mit einem Aufnahmeschuh mit seitlich eingelassenen Federbügeln zur Ausbildung eines Kraftschlusses auf die Seitenflächen des Rohrblatts ,
• Fig. 6b eine perspektivische Ansicht auf eine Vormontage-Anordnung mit einem Aufnahmeschuh mit seitlich angrenzenden Federbügeln zur Ausbildung eines Kraftschlusses auf die Seitenflächen des Rohrblatts,
• Fig. 7 eine perspektivische Ansicht auf einen Aufnahmeschuh mit Arretierschrauben zum Arretieren an einem Spannriemen,
• Fig. 8 eine perspektivische Ansicht auf eine vormontierte Anordnung aus Riemen, Feststellschraube und Aufnahmeschuh mit Arretierschrauben,
• Fig. 9 eine perspektivische Ansicht auf einen Zusammenbau aus einem Blatthaltesystem mit Distanzhaltern,
• Fig. 10 eine Schnittansicht eines Zusammenbaus einer Distanzhalteeinrichtung mit einer Fixiervorrichtung am Rohrblatt nach Zusammenbau,
• Fig. 11 eine Seitenansicht der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 10,
• Fig. 12 eine Schnittansicht einer Anordnung einer Distanzhalteeinrichtung mit einem Aufnahmeschuh am Rohrblatt nach Zusammenbau,
• Fig. 13 eine Seitenansicht der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 12
• Fig. 14 eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Vormontage-Anordnung aus Oberstück, Aufnahmeschuh, Verankerung und Rohrblatt,
• Fig.15 eine perspektivische Vorderansicht auf den Zusammenbau,
• Fig.16 eine seitlich-perspektivische Ansicht auf den Zusammenbau,
• Fig. 17 eine Schnittansicht des Zusammenbaus mit vergrößertem Aufnahmeschuh mit eingezeichneten Kraftrichtungen, die auf das Rohrblatt wirken
• Fig. 18 eine Draufsicht des entrollten Bandstücks eines Spannbügels
• Fig. 19 eine perspektivische Darstellung des Bandstücks eines Spannbügels
• Fig. 20 eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Spannschlaufe
• Fig. 21 eine Schnittdarstellung einer Spannschlaufe
• Fig. 22 eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Spannschlaufe mit Auflageanker und Aufnahmeschuh.

Further details, features, combinations of features, effects and advantages of the invention result from the following description of the invention and the drawings. These show in

• 1 a perspective view of a commercial reed,
• 2 perspective assembly of a mouthpiece, commercial ligature, and reed as known in the art
• 3 a perspective view of a wooden shoe, which is positively adapted to the reed,
• 4 a perspective view of a clamping device, with belt and locking screw for embracing the mouthpiece,
• figure 5 a sectional view of a recording shoe, provided with a meander spring,
• Figure 6a a perspective view of a pre-assembly arrangement with a receiving shoe with laterally embedded spring clips for forming a frictional connection on the side surfaces of the reed,
• Figure 6b a perspective view of a pre-assembly arrangement with a receiving shoe with laterally adjacent spring clips for forming a frictional connection on the side surfaces of the reed,
• 7 a perspective view of a receiving shoe with locking screws for locking on a tensioning belt,
• 8 a perspective view of a pre-assembled arrangement of belt, locking screw and mounting shoe with locking screws,
• 9 a perspective view of an assembly of a sheet holding system with spacers,
• 10 a sectional view of an assembly of a spacer device with a fixing device on the reed after assembly,
• 11 a side view of the embodiment according to FIG 10 ,
• 12 a sectional view of an arrangement of a spacer device with a receiving shoe on the reed after assembly,
• 13 a side view of the embodiment according to FIG 12
• 14 a perspective view of a pre-assembly arrangement of upper piece, receiving shoe, anchoring and reed,
• Fig.15 a perspective front view of the assembly,
• Fig.16 a side perspective view of the assembly,
• 17 Figure 12 is a sectional view of the assembly with the pickup shoe enlarged and showing the directions of forces acting on the reed
• 18 a top view of the unrolled piece of tape of a tension bracket
• 19 a perspective view of the piece of tape of a clamping bracket
• 20 a perspective view of a tensioning loop
• 21 a sectional view of a tensioning loop
• 22 a perspective view of a tensioning loop with support anchor and receiving shoe.

figure 1 shows an ordinary, mostly symmetrical reed 1 with the axis of symmetry or longitudinal axis 1f for reed or woodwind instruments. The leading edge 1a is the vibrating edge of the vibrating portion 1b. In a clamping area 1c that is thicker than the swinging area 1b, the reed is clamped in a reed holding system, the clamping devices of which, according to the prior art, exert a more or less extensive contact pressure on the surface of the clamping area 1c that is curved in the transverse direction of the reed. Since the reed has to oscillate in the oscillating area 1b to generate the sound, it is only very thin, which leads to the formation of the two side boundary surfaces 1d. In the clamping area 1c, the side boundary surfaces 1d converge conically, so that the reed 1 becomes progressively narrower towards the rear. Not visible in this figure is the completely flat underside 1e (cf. Figures 6a, 6b ) of the reed, which, after assembly, is in contact with the contact surface of the mouthpiece 2 (cf. 2 ) trains.

figure 2 shows a standard version for a mouthpiece 2 assembled for making music, as is used in the majority of woodwind instruments with a reed 1. The mouthpiece 2 has a Connector 2a to the body of the musical instrument, and a front edge 2b, in which the air is blown by the musician. In this case, the front edge 2b necessarily terminates approximately flush with the front edge of the reed 1a. The reed holder 3 according to the prior art is mounted in the clamping area 1c of the reed. The underside 1e of the reed rests on a bearing surface of the mouthpiece 2 that is mostly axially symmetrical. The reed holder 3 has a metal sheet 3a, which encloses the mouthpiece 2 together with the reed 1. The clamping force of the reed holder 3 and thus the contact pressure on the reed 1 is exerted by two locking screws 3b. A special guide for the reed 1 for torsion or displacement-proof assembly, in particular for a pre-assembly arrangement 7, 19 (cf. Figure 6a, 6b , 14 ) is not scheduled.

According to figure 3 the reed 1 is first placed in a preferably axially symmetrical receiving shoe 4, which is made of wood, as in figure 3 indicated, can be. The exclusively form-fitting mounting for the reed 1 in this exemplary embodiment is achieved in that, on the one hand, the inner contact surface 4a of the receiving shoe 4 is designed to complement the curved clamping area 1c of the reed 1 . On the other hand, the boundary walls 4b and the inner side surfaces 4c formed on their inner sides are adapted to the conical shape of the side boundary surfaces 1d of the reed 1 . The shape of these surfaces (4a, 4c) means that no point forces have to act on the reed 1, which reduces the wear on the reed 1. The outer surface 4d of the receiving shoe 4 facing away from the reed can expediently also be curved. To facilitate assembly, a marking 4f formed, for example, with a notch or other depression is located on the front edge 4e of the receiving shoe 4 . This marking 4f shows the musician that at this point the reed 1 must be pushed into the receiving shoe 4 with the front edge 1a in front. To lock the mounting shoe 4 to the other components of the blade holder 5 (cf. figure 4 ) There are two continuous bores 4g, preferably arranged symmetrically to a longitudinal and/or transverse axis, in the inner bearing surface 4a of the receiving shoe 4.

In figure 4 the blade holder or clamping device designed according to the invention for the receiving shoe 5 is shown, with the receiving shoe 4 (cf. figure 3 ) can be combined with a wide variety of sheet holders 5 from the prior art. In a preferred embodiment, the tensioning device 5 consists of a belt/belt 5a, e.g. made of leather or plastic, the ends of which are fastened together by a locking screw 5b with a thread 5c and two guides 5d on the side of the mouthpiece 2 facing away from the receiving shoe 4 (cf. figure 8 ) are clamped together. According to figure 4 the belt/belt has two mounting holes 5e, which are congruent with the bores 4g of the mounting shoe 4 (cf. figure 3 ) are placed.

figure 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the receiving shoe 4 with a meander spring 6, through which the reed 1 (cf. figure 1 ) allows the receiving shoe to be pushed in at different distances and still pass through the boundary walls 4b of the receiving shoe 4 (cf. figure 3 ) remains positively framed. This form of springing is achieved in that at least two grooves, indentations or other indentations 6a are milled in pairs symmetrically and parallel to the axis of symmetry of the receiving shoe on the outer surface 4d of the receiving shoe over its entire length or also part of it. To increase the spring effect, an analogous design is made on the inside of the receiving shoe 4, e.g. on the cut edge between the inner side surfaces 4c and the inner support surface 4a (cf. figure 3 ). With this embodiment of the invention, an adaptation of the receiving shoe 4 to dimensional deviations in the manufacture of reeds 1 is possible.

In Figure 6a An embodiment of a pre-assembly arrangement 7 for forming a form fit and/or at the same time a non-positive coupling with the side faces 1d of the reed 1 is shown. A receiving shoe 4 is shown with an inserted reed 1, with its flat underside 1e facing the viewer. In the boundary walls 4b of the receiving shoe, two elastic spring clips 8 that are bent or curved one or more times are fixed at their ends under mechanical tension. Bend by inserting a reed 1 the spring clip 8 moves through in a wavy manner, so that contact points 8a are formed between the spring clip 8 and the side surfaces 1d of the reed. At the same time, in the end regions of the receiving shoe 4, the inner side surfaces 4c (not visible here) are in positive contact with the side surfaces 1d of the reed. So if a reed 1 turns out to be somewhat smaller due to manufacturing tolerances, it can still be fixed at the desired location in the receiving shoe 4 by the frictional connection of the spring clip 8 .

In Figure 6b an alternative embodiment of a pre-assembly arrangement 7 with a receiving shoe 4 for forming at least one non-positive coupling with the side surfaces 1d of the reed 1 is shown. Also shown is a receiving shoe 4 with an inserted reed 1, with its flat underside 1e facing the viewer. The boundary walls 4b themselves do not form a form fit with the reed here. Rather, two preferably centrally and/or rotatably mounted elastic brackets 8 act on the side surfaces 1d of the reed 1, forming a mechanical compressive force at the preferably terminal contact points 8a. In this figure, the elastic brackets 8 are positioned in front of the boundary walls 4b to the plane of symmetry and/or the central plane of the receiving shoe 4. With the insertion of a reed 1, the spring clips 8 bend with a decrease in curvature. The reed 1 can now be pushed into the receiving shoe 4 until the conically tapered side surfaces 1d of the reed hit the central support points 9b, which are also formed as the rotational axes of the spring clips 8. In this end position, a form fit is achieved in addition to the force fit.

figure 7 shows the pick-up shoe figure 3 in a view of the outer shell 4d, through the locking holes 4g two locking pins 9 are guided. The locking pins 9 should secure the receiving shoe 4 with a clamping device 5 in the holes 5e provided for this purpose (see Fig figure 4 ) connect or make connectable.

figure 8 shows an arrangement of the clamping device 5 together with the receiving shoe 4, before the reed 1 is inserted. The belt/belt 5a also has two receiving holes 5e (see figure 3 ) into which the locking pins 9 can be inserted. The holes in the belt/belt 5a have no thread. As a result, a simple and tool-free exchange of the receiving shoe 4 is possible, for example in order to try out receiving shoes with different materials.

figure 9 shows an assembly according to the invention, based on the arrangement 10, the reed 1 and the mouthpiece 2 together with spacers 12. The spacers 12 fulfill the function in this embodiment of keeping any contact between the clamping device 5 and the mouthpiece 2 as small as possible and ideally to prevent it altogether. For this function, the spacers 12 are inserted between the belt/strap 5a and the mouthpiece 2 on both sides of the mouthpiece 2 (not visible on the left). The spacers 12 themselves are formed in such a way that the contact area 12a between them and the mouthpiece 2 is as punctiform and/or linear as possible. This prevents dampening effects of the tension belt 5a on the sound quality and the response behavior. The spacers 12 can be made from any material, in particular from the same material as the mouthpiece 2 and/or the sound body of the musical instrument. In order to keep the dimensions of the spacers 12 as small as possible, the receiving shoe 4 can be correspondingly enlarged so that the lateral areas of the tensioning belt 5a are guided as spaced as possible from the mouthpiece 2 .

figure 10 shows a transverse to the longitudinal axis 2c in figure 11 made sectional view of a sheet holding system, which has a spacer device. In this spacer device, the contact points, lines and/or surfaces 12a are designed as edges or projections of an upper piece 17 . The upper piece 17 is connected via two rigid anchors 16 to a simple fixing device 15 on the other side of the mouthpiece 2, which fixes the reed 1. Any device known to the music specialist, in particular a printing plate, can be used as the fixing device 15 . Contact with the mouthpiece 2 is only on the reed 1 itself and on the made the contact area 12a. For this purpose, the anchors 16 are applied in a form-fitting manner to the upper piece 17 via a flat contact 16a. Fastening means 16b, as can also be found on the reed keys of the musical instrument, for example, ensures that the reed 1 can no longer be twisted or moved after mounting. The clamping force is provided by the upper piece 17 . This consists of a support anchor 17a, to which the anchors 16 are connected. The clamping force itself is generated by a contact piece 17b, which is connected via a thread to a knurled screw 18 as a locking screw. The internal thread, which meshes with the locking screw, is located in the support anchor 17a. If the knurled screw 18 is tightened, the contact piece 17b moves towards the mouthpiece 2 and forms a linear contact area 12a with the mouthpiece 2 .

figure 11 FIG. 12 shows a side view of the embodiment of FIG figure 10 . The conical center piece of the mouthpiece 2 can be seen here, around which the reed holding system with spacer device is mounted in order to connect the reed 1 to the mouthpiece 2 in its clamping area 1c. For the most form-fitting hold of the reed holding system on the mouthpiece 2, the fixing device 15 and the upper piece 17 can be tilted relative to one another transversely to a longitudinal axis 2c of the mouthpiece.

figure 12 shows a transverse to the longitudinal axis 2c in figure 13 made sectional view of an invention training with two differences from the embodiment figure 10 . The fixing device 15 is replaced by a receiving shoe 4 according to the invention, with all the advantages already described resulting therefrom. Furthermore, the anchors 16 do not form a flat contact surface 16a at the connection to the support anchor 17a. The absence of the flat contact surface 16a can figure 13 be clearly understood.

figure 14 shows the pre-assembly arrangement 19 of a blade holding system according to the invention with a spacer device (16, 17, 18) and receiving shoe 4 (cf. pre-assembly arrangement 7 with spring clips 8, figure 6a ). According to the method according to the invention, the reed 1 is pushed backwards to the desired position in the receiving shoe 4, so that the spring clips 8 make contact with the side surfaces 1d of the reed. The desired position means the position of the reed 1 relative to the receiving shoe 4 . Due to the frictional connection formed at the same time by the spring clip 8, the reed 1 can no longer change this position, in particular it cannot fall out of the receiving shoe 4.

figure 15 and figure 16 show in perspective the assembly with the mouthpiece 2 based on the pre-assembly arrangement 19 according to FIG figure 14 . In this embodiment, the contact between the preassembly arrangement 19 and the mouthpiece 2 is limited to the reed 1 itself and the contact surface 12a on the contact piece 17b. When the knurled screw 18 is tightened, the reed 1 is also secured against twisting and shifting, ready for making music.

figure 17 shows a sectional view of the assembly, taken along the in figure 9 drawn dashed line through the mouthpiece 2, the spacers 12 and the tension belt 5a are hidden for clarity. The influence of the receiving shoe 4 on the contact pressure 14 which presses the reed 1 onto the mouthpiece 2 is illustrated here. If the force exerted by the tension belt 5a tangentially to its course is broken down into a vertical and a horizontal component, the vertical component alone is responsible for the pressing force of the reed 1 onto the mouthpiece 2. The more vertically the tensioning belt 5a is guided past the reed 1, the greater the vertical component of the tensioning force of the belt 5a. In the present embodiment, the receiving shoe 4 is designed so wide that the tensioning belt 5a can be guided past the mouthpiece 2 completely perpendicularly. Thus, the clamping force 14 of the belt 5a at the corresponding point is used exclusively for pressing the reed 1 against twisting or displacement, which reduces the risk of slipping when making music. The distance-keeping device, in particular the upper piece 17 and the anchor 16, can also have the effect, through suitable dimensioning, that the pressing force 14 is formed advantageously.

figure 18 shows a tensioning bracket 21 for a tensioning loop 20 (see figure 20 ), which according to the exemplary embodiment is formed in one piece with an elongate piece of tape 21a. The clamping bracket 21 or the piece of band 21a is preferably formed with spring-hard rolled sheet brass, elastically flexible plastic or comparable suitable materials and according to FIG figure 18 shown in the state in which it was just stored. Its elongated basic shape can be divided into three sections: a central part 21h and two end sections 21f, 21g, which each connect to one of the two opposite ends of the already elongated central part 21h. The latter is widened compared to the two end areas 21f, 21g and is suitable for fixing devices (generally 15, cf. figure 10 and/or pick-up shoe 4, cf. figure 13 ) for a reed 1 to be mounted on the mouthpiece 2. The first end section 21f (in figure 18 left) is provided with a recess which forms an elongated hole 21b for engaging an engaging element 21c. The latter is designed at the free end of the second end section 21g in the form of a widening compared to the longitudinal extent of the band 21a. In its central section 21h, an elongate central recess or punched-out is optionally formed, which serves in particular to reduce weight. The opposite longitudinal edges, which delimit the middle recess on both sides, are provided with suspension means 21d, realized according to the exemplary embodiment as punched or drilled fastening holes, which are preferably arranged centrally with respect to the longitudinal extension of the band piece 21a. The two end sections 21f, 21g run obliquely with respect to a longitudinal axis 21e of the central part 21h, an acute angle of, for example, 5-40°, according to the drawing 10°, being formed with the longitudinal axis 21e. Due to this quasi bent, kinked or curved longitudinal course, the strap piece 21a or the clamping bracket 21, when it has been closed by bending, twisting about its own body axis and inserting the engagement element 21c into the slot 21b, can adhere to the conical course of a Adjust mouthpiece 2. The twisting of the engagement element 21c about its body axis is necessary because of the design with the widening mentioned above.

figure 19 shows the in figure 18 just filed shown clamping bracket 21 with bent and closed in a circle Band piece 21a. A mouthpiece 2 with an approximately circular cross-section can be completely surrounded by this strip piece 21a or clamping bracket 21 bent approximately to form a circle. The engaging element 21c realized with the widening is engaged in the elongated hole 21b. In order to release this coupling again, the strip piece 21a must be elastically and reversibly twisted about its longitudinal axis in order to align the engagement element 21c or its widening parallel or at least with such an oblique angle to the longitudinal sides of the elongated hole that the engagement element 21c with its widening can pass through unhindered the slot 21b can be pushed. Depending on the position of the engagement element 21c within the elongated hole 21b relative to its longitudinal extent, the clamp 21 can include mouthpieces 2 of different sizes. As per figure 19 If no adjusting devices or other aids act on the clamping bracket 21 to adjust it, the engagement element 21c assumes a position at the outermost end of the elongated hole 21b due to the spring-hard, elastically reversible material properties and the restoring force resulting from this, with the maximum circumference being covered by the piece of strap 21a can be encompassed.

figure 20 shows a tensioning loop 20, which here has a tensioning bracket 21 (cf. figure 19 ) and adjustment means for shifting or adjusting the engagement element 21c within the elongated hole 21b in order to be able to encompass or enclose or encompass mouthpieces 2 of different sizes. These means for adapting to mouthpieces 2 of different sizes include, for example, an adjustment and locking screw 22 and two nuts 23a, 23b meshing with the locking screw. One of the nuts 23a, 23b is connected to the first clamping bracket end section 21f by welding, riveting, gluing or other detachable or non-detachable joining methods and is preferably fixed there at the free end of the piece of strap terminating in the elongated hole 21b. The other of the nuts 23a, 23b is connected to the second clamp end section 21g and is preferably fastened there to the enlarged end of the band piece 21a forming the engagement element 21c. The thread of the locking screw 22 is divided into two consecutive sections in the longitudinal direction of the screw, a first thread section 22a and a second threaded section 22b, the directions of rotation of the two sections 22a, 22b being opposite to one another, ie oriented opposite to one another. The direction of rotation of the first threaded section 22a is designed as a right-hand thread, for example, while the thread of the second threaded section 22b is designed as a left-hand thread. The two threaded sections 22a, 22b are separated or delimited from one another, for example, by a radial thickening 22c of the shaft shank. The locking screw 22 can be operated or actuated via a handle 22d.

figure 21 1 shows a schematic view of the end face of the tensioning loop 20 and the adjusting screw 22 in its longitudinal extent, the operating method with which the tensioning bracket 21 or the piece of band 21a can be adapted to the diameter of a mouthpiece 2. When the knob 22d of the set screw 22 is rotated clockwise, the opposite thread orientations of the set screw 22 impart opposite translational motions to the two mating nuts 23a, 23b, thereby increasing the distance between the two nuts 23a, 23b. This is accompanied by an increasing re-clamping of the arrangement of receiving shoe 4, support anchor 17a and optionally other parts of the reed fixing device 15. The arrows shown illustrate this clamping process 24. By increasing the distance between the two nuts 23a, 23b, the diameter decreases can enclose the piece of tape 21a. This initiates the clamping process 24, with which, with the installation of a corresponding fixing device 15 (generally 15, cf. figure 10 and/or pick-up shoe 4, cf. figure 13 ) on the corresponding suspension means 21d (cf. Figures 19/20 ), a reed 1 can be clamped onto the mouthpiece 2.

figure 22 shows such a fixing device, designed as a receiving shoe 4 according to the invention (cf. figure 3 ), which with fastening means 25, e.g. screws, on the suspension means 21d (cf. Figures 19/20 ) of the band piece 21a is mounted. Opposite the receiving shoe 4 is a support anchor 17a. Through the specific over the set screw 22 and located in the slot 21b engaging member 21c set locking mechanism can be referred to a contact piece 17b (cf. figure 15 ) can be waived. If the locking screw 22 on the handle 22d is used to initiate the clamping process 24 (cf. 21 ) is actuated, the engaging element 21c of the piece of sheet metal strip 21a moves as shown in FIG figure 22 in slot 21b (cf. 19 ) towards that slot end which is distant from the free end of the band piece 21a or whose central part 21h is closest. Particularly preferably, this arrangement of tensioning loop 20 and receiving shoe 4 can be used as a pre-assembly arrangement 19 (cf. figure 14 ) be performed, in which the reed 1 by spring clip 8, for example made of metal or plastic, in the receiving shoe 4 ( Figures 6a, 6b ) before initiating the clamping process 24 (cf. 21 ) is fixed in the receiving shoe 4. This considerably simplifies the assembly process on the mouthpiece 2, since the musician has both hands available to slide the tensioning loop 20 onto the mouthpiece 2 and only has to align the front edge 1a of the reed 1 with the front edge 2b of the mouthpiece 2. In order to produce the same material, both the receiving shoe 4 and the support anchor 17a can be made from the same material as the mouthpiece 2. Many mouthpieces 2 are made from ebonite, a natural rubber. It is therefore expedient to make all components of the reed holding system, which, when mounted on the mouthpiece 2, form a contact surface with the mouthpiece 2, from ebonite. All foreign materials such as brass or iron can thus be kept away from the mouthpiece 2.

Reference List

• 1 reed
• 1a Leading edge of the reed
• 1b Vibration range of the reed
• 1c Tension area of the reed
• 1d side surfaces of the reed
• 1e Underside of the reed
• 1f Axis of symmetry or longitudinal axis of the reed
• 2 mouthpiece
• 2a Connection to the instrument body
• 2b Front edge of the mouthpiece
• 2c Longitudinal axis of the mouthpiece
• 2d bearing surface of the mouthpiece
• 3 Conventional sheet holders
• 3a Blade holder retaining plate
• 3b Blade holder locking screws
• 4 pick-up shoe
• 4a inner bearing surface of the receiving shoe
• 4b boundary walls
• 4c inner side surfaces of the boundary walls
• 4d Outside of the pick-up shoe
• 4e Front edge of the pick-up shoe
• 4f insertion aid
• 4g locking holes
• 5 clamping device
• 5a Tension belt/tension strap
• 5b locking screw
• 5c thread of the locking screw
• 5d Locking screw guide
• 5e locating holes for locking pins
• 6 meander spring for receiving shoe
• 6a Grooves/notches on the outside of the receiving shoe
• 6b Grooves/notches on the inside of the receiver shoe
• 7 pre-assembly arrangement with receiving shoe
• 8 spring clips/elastic springs
• 8a 4-point support point between spring clip and reed
• 8b Support point between spring clip and receiving shoe
• 9 locking pins/locking screws
• 10 Arrangement of the receiving shoe in the clamping device
• 12 spacers
• 12a Contact area between spacer and mouthpiece
• 14 Reed holder forces on the reed
• 15 General reed/pressure plate fixture
• 16 connectors/anchors
• 16a flat connection to the upper piece
• 16b fasteners
• 17 top piece
• 17a support anchor
• 17b contact piece
• 18 locking device/threaded knurled screw
• 19 pre-assembly arrangement with receiving shoe and spacer device
• 20 tension loop
• 21 clamps/bars
• 21a piece of tape
• 21b elongated hole
• 21c engaging element
• 21d suspension means for reed fixation device or receiving shoe
• 21e Longitudinal axis of the clamp
• 21f first end section of the clamping bracket or clamping plate
• 21g second end section of the clamping bracket or clamping plate
• 21h Central part of the clamping bracket or clamping plate
• 22 locking screw
• 22a first threaded section
• 22b second threaded portion
• 22c radial thickening
• 22d handle
• 23a Nut of the first thread section
• 23b nut of the second threaded portion
• 24 clamping process
• 25 fasteners

Claims (8)

1. A receiving block (4) for a ligature for woodwind instruments, such as clarinet or saxophone, in order to clamp a reed (1) to a mouthpiece (2) of the woodwind instrument, while preventing twisting or sliding, by exerting a compressive force (14) onto the reed (1), so that an axis of symmetry or longitudinal direction of the reed (1f) is aligned with an axis of symmetry or longitudinal direction of a bearing surface of the mouthpiece (2), wherein the reed (1) can be coupled to a mechanism (6,8) of the receiving block (4) or ligature either in a force-fitting or in a form-fitting manner with at least one side surface (1d) of the reed (1),

   wherein the receiving block (4) is formed for use as a preassembled arrangement (7, 19) with a reed (1) being mountable on the mouthpiece (2), wherein the reed (1), before the clamping of the receiving block (4) or the ligature on the mouthpiece (2), is coupled in its predetermined relative position with respect to the ligature with the receiving block (4) either in a force-fitting or even form-fitting and force-fitting manner,

   characterized in that the receiving block (4) has at least one bow (8), springy elastic or formed with springy elastic material and mounted in the middle and/or so as to rotate which is formed for exerting a force-fit with a side surface (1d) of an insertable or inserted reed (1).
2. The receiving block according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving block (4) is equipped with permanently elastic deformable material such that the receiving block (4) adapts to the side surfaces (1d) of the reed (1) through deformation upon insertion of the reed (1).
3. The receiving block (4) according to any of the claims 1-2, characterized in that the receiving block (4) has an inner bearing surface (4a, 4c), which is designed so as to complement the shape of the reed (1) in its clamping area (1c) in order to encompass the reed (1) entirely or partially in a form-fitting manner in its clamping area (1c).
4. The receiving block (4) according to claim 3, characterized in that the receiving block (4) has a mechanism (7) for tolerance adaptation for the purpose of compensating for reed dimensional tolerances.
5. The receiving block (4) according to claim 4, characterized in that the mechanism (7) for tolerance adaptation comprises at least two elastic spring bows or springy elastic bows (8) in the limiting walls (4b) of the receiving block, which are laterally incorporated into limiting walls (4b) of the receiving block (4), wherein each spring bow (8) is suitable for forming a force-fit with the two side surfaces (1d) of an insertable or inserted reed (1).
6. The receiving block (4) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receiving block (4) consists of the same material as the mouthpiece (2) of the woodwind instrument.
7. A ligature for woodwind instruments having a receiving block (4), such as clarinet or saxophone, according to any of the claims 1-6.
8. Use of the ligature for woodwind instruments, such as a clarinet or saxophone, according to claim 7, as a preassembled arrangement (7, 19) mountable on the mouthpiece (2), having a reed (1) and a receiving block (4) holding said reed, wherein the reed (1) is coupled to the receiving block (4) or ligature either in a force-fitting or even form-fitting and force-fitting manner, before the clamping of the receiving block (4) or the ligature to the mouthpiece (2) in its predetermined relative position with respect to the ligature.

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