EP3559478B1 - Vortex pump - Google Patents

Vortex pump Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3559478B1
EP3559478B1 EP17801403.1A EP17801403A EP3559478B1 EP 3559478 B1 EP3559478 B1 EP 3559478B1 EP 17801403 A EP17801403 A EP 17801403A EP 3559478 B1 EP3559478 B1 EP 3559478B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arrangement
centrifugal pump
impeller
space
pump according
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP17801403.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3559478A1 (en
Inventor
Alexander Christ
Christoph Jäger
Michael Nutz
Rolf Witzel
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KSB SE and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
KSB SE and Co KGaA
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Publication of EP3559478A1 publication Critical patent/EP3559478A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • F04D15/0027—Varying behaviour or the very pump
    • F04D15/0033—By-passing by increasing clearance between impeller and its casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/2238—Special flow patterns
    • F04D29/2244—Free vortex
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/426—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F04D29/4293—Details of fluid inlet or outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/46—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
    • F04D29/462—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/464—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps adjusting flow cross-section, otherwise than by using adjustable stator blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D7/00—Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
    • F04D7/02—Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts of centrifugal type
    • F04D7/04—Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts of centrifugal type the fluids being viscous or non-homogenous
    • F04D7/045—Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts of centrifugal type the fluids being viscous or non-homogenous with means for comminuting, mixing stirring or otherwise treating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/60—Control system actuates means
    • F05D2270/64—Hydraulic actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/60—Control system actuates means
    • F05D2270/65—Pneumatic actuators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a centrifugal pump for conveying a medium mixed with solid admixtures, a blade-free space being arranged in front of an impeller.
  • Vortex impellers are used as impellers in such pumps. They have a large distance between the impeller blades and the casing wall on the inlet side. This creates a free space which enables media with solid impurities to be conveyed, even if the impurities have large dimensions.
  • a characteristic variable in vortex pumps is the "ball passage”. This is a minimum distance from the housing wall in the inlet area of the pump, which corresponds to the diameter of an imaginary sphere. The larger the ball passage, the larger the solid particles can be conveyed with the pump without clogging.
  • the DE 10 2009 011 444 A1 describes a centrifugal pump for pumping a medium mixed with solid admixtures.
  • a vortex impeller is arranged in the pump housing.
  • a blade-free space is formed between the vortex impeller and the housing wall on the inlet side.
  • Blades are molded onto the support disk of the vortex impeller. The blades are provided with cutting edges.
  • a vortex pump is described, the impeller of which consists of a support disc equipped with open blades. Has at least one of the blades has a lower height than the other blades.
  • the side of the support disk facing a housing wall on the suction side between the hub body and the impeller outlet has a concave profile.
  • the housing wall is conical, the distance between the housing wall and the front edges of the higher blades of the impeller decreasing with the diameter and the passage with the minimum extension approximately constant over the entire course of a front edge following at least one blade of lower height inclined towards the impeller outlet.
  • the DE 103 01 629 B4 relates to a free-flow pump with a housing in which, on the one hand, an impeller that is not covered on its outer diameter is arranged and in which, on the other hand, an open space is formed between the impeller and the suction-side housing wall.
  • the housing space located radially to the impeller is asymmetrical in the meridional section. The distance between the housing wall on the suction side and the impeller decreases steadily with the diameter. Between the impeller and the suction-side housing wall there is a distance over the entire circumference such that a solid object contained in the delivery liquid, the largest dimension of which corresponds to the diameter of a given sphere, is able to pass the free-flow pump.
  • the size of the vane-less space of a vortex pump has a decisive influence on the efficiency of such a pump. As a rule, the smaller the room, the greater the efficiency. If the space without blades is very much reduced in size for reasons of efficiency, blockages can very easily occur in the pump.
  • a conveying device with a pump housing and an impeller is known, the pump housing having a housing part and an inlet component which are movably arranged on one another by a connecting means, a gap being present between the impeller and the inlet component and the gap having a gap width that extends through the movement of the housing part or of the inlet component can be varied.
  • the DE 10 2012 023 734 A1 describes a sewage submersible motor pump with an impeller and a housing with a base plate, which is movably adjustable and / or deformable and / or movably mounted against spring pressure in such a way that its distance from the impeller can be changed.
  • the GB 751,908 A discloses a centrifugal pump, in front of the suction-side inlet of which a device is arranged with which the width of the gap between the housing and the impeller can be varied by means of a hand wheel.
  • a centrifugal pump is known in which a device is provided in front of the impeller with which the diameter of the inlet to the impeller can be changed in order to prevent the occurrence of pulsating movements or cavitation.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a free-flow pump which can reliably convey media with solid admixtures without clogging and at the same time has the highest possible degree of efficiency.
  • the pump should be characterized by an inexpensive manufacturing method and a long service life.
  • the pump should be able to be used for different media with different admixtures, whereby the highest possible efficiency should be guaranteed and at the same time blockages should be avoided.
  • centrifugal pump having the features of claim 1.
  • Preferred variants are set out in the subclaims.
  • the centrifugal pump according to the invention has an arrangement on the suction side. With this arrangement, the vane-free space in front of the impeller can be enlarged or reduced in a targeted manner.
  • the pump can be specifically adjusted to the medium to be conveyed. A variable front wheel side space is thus created. This is done in a simple and reliable way without the impeller having to be varied in its position.
  • the blade-free space is reduced and a higher degree of efficiency is guaranteed without clogging.
  • the space is increased for media where there is an increased risk of clogging. A lower degree of efficiency is accepted.
  • the device according to the invention thus enables an adapted depending on the medium to be conveyed. Furthermore, the vane-free space can be enlarged in the event of an acute blockage.
  • variable suction-side arrangement preferably ensures a stepless adjustment to enlarge or reduce the space in front of the vortex impeller.
  • the ball passage can be varied continuously, whereby an optimal efficiency is guaranteed and at the same time clogging is avoided.
  • the arrangement is arranged around an axially directed inlet.
  • the medium flows through the axially directed inlet to the vortex impeller.
  • the arrangement can be placed in a ring around the suction mouth on the inside housing wall.
  • the arrangement itself can be designed in the form of a ring.
  • the arrangement forms a suction mouth.
  • the arrangement itself is part of the suction-side housing or forms the suction-side housing.
  • the arrangement comprises an elastic wall for adapting the space.
  • the wall can be a membrane.
  • An adjustable installation is used, whereby a moving body specifically enlarges and / or reduces the space through which the medium to be conveyed flows.
  • the arrangement comprises a hollow body.
  • the hollow body has a connection through which a filling fluid can be supplied or discharged.
  • the hollow body can be, for example, a hose-like structure.
  • the elastic material can experience a defined spatial change through different media, for example also ferromagnetizable liquids. If a state is reached in which the functionality is impaired, the change in shape is reversed and the original shape is resumed. In a variant that is not claimed, the change in shape can also be brought about by means of memory metal.
  • the arrangement comprises an axially displaceable element.
  • It can be, for example, a compact pneumatic cylinder for a change in space or a change in shape. Elements change their axial distance to the impeller and thus enlarge or reduce the vane-free space in front of the vortex impeller through which the medium flows.
  • the arrangement can be arranged on the suction-side housing part.
  • the suction-side housing part itself can also be formed by the arrangement.
  • the suction-side housing parts are arranged to be axially displaceable and thus adapt the size of the free space through which the air flows in front of the vortex impeller.
  • the centrifugal pump is equipped with a detector which is connected to the arrangement.
  • the detector can be used to identify blockages.
  • the arrangement can then react in a targeted manner and enlarge the space so that it is released or that no blockages occur in the first place.
  • Different measured variables can be used to detect a blockage, for example a pressure drop or a power consumption of the pump.
  • FIG. 1 shows a centrifugal pump for pumping a medium mixed with solid admixtures.
  • the pump comprises an impeller 1, which in the exemplary embodiment as Vortex impeller is executed.
  • the impeller 1 is at least partially enclosed by a housing 2.
  • the impeller 1 is positioned on a shaft 3 which can be driven to rotate about an axis of rotation X by a drive 4.
  • a hub body 5, in which a screw 6 engages, is used to fasten the impeller 1.
  • a plurality of blades 8 are arranged on a support disk 7 of the impeller 1.
  • a blade-free space 10 through which the medium flows is formed between the impeller 1 and a housing wall 9 on the inlet side.
  • the medium mixed with solid admixtures flows through an axially directed inlet 11 to the impeller 1.
  • the medium is conveyed by the impeller 1 and leaves the centrifugal pump through an outlet 12.
  • the in Figure 1 The housing 2 shown is a spiral housing.
  • the centrifugal pump has a variable suction-side arrangement 13.
  • the arrangement 13 is integrated into an opening 14 of the housing wall 9 on the inlet side.
  • the variable suction-side arrangement 13 is designed in the form of a ring in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the guide body 15 extending from the outside into the opening 14 with an inner ring-shaped guide wall 16 and an outer ring-shaped guide wall 17.
  • the inner guide wall 16 also forms the axially directed inlet for the medium.
  • At least one guide groove 18 is formed in the guide wall 17 and extends parallel to the axis of rotation X from an area facing away from the space 10 to approximately the center of the outer guide wall 17.
  • the variable arrangement 13 further comprises an axially displaceable element which, in the embodiment shown, represents a moving body 19 which can be guided axially by means of the guide walls 16 and 17, is annular and has an inner ring wall 20 cooperating with the guide wall 16 and one cooperating with the guide wall 17 has outer ring wall 21.
  • Ring wall 20 and ring wall 21 are connected to one another near space 10 by means of an annular disk 22. Since the inner ring wall 20 has a smaller height in the axial direction than the outer ring wall 2, the ring disk 22 has a conical configuration.
  • the ring wall 21 has a radially outwardly directed projection 23 which protrudes into the guide groove 18.
  • the guide body 15 is fixed in the opening 14 of the housing wall 9 of the housing 2 by means of a closing element 25.
  • the closing element 25 is fixed to the housing wall 9 on the inlet side with fastening means (not shown).
  • guide body 15 and moving body 19 can be formed in one piece.
  • the guide walls 16 and 17 together with the annular walls 20 and 21 form an annular space 26 in which an elastic wall 28 forming a hollow body 27 is arranged.
  • the elastic wall 28 is designed as an expandable membrane.
  • a filling fluid for example in the form of hydraulic oil or compressed air, can be fed to the hollow body 27 through at least one connection device 29, which is displaced in the axial direction by the pressure of the filling fluid in the direction of the impeller 1 and thereby expands the membrane 28.
  • the moving body 19 is moved in the direction of the blade-free space 10, whereby it is reduced in size.
  • This arrangement of the moving body 19 corresponds to normal operation.
  • This also results in a smaller ball passage, which in Figure 1 is shown as a schematic line with a smaller ball diameter. In this position of the arrangement 13, the centrifugal pump has a high degree of efficiency.
  • the arrangement 13 reacts and enlarges the vane-free space 10 through which the flow passes. For this purpose, filling fluid is drained from the hollow body 27 and the membrane 28 contracts. The moving body 19 is moved out of the blade-free space 10 in the axial direction. This ensures a larger ball passage, which is shown schematically in FIG. 1 as a circle with the larger diameter.
  • the arrangement 13 according to the invention enables a stepless variation of the front wheel side space 10 without the impeller 1 having to be shifted in its position.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kreiselpumpe zur Förderung eines mit festen Beimengungen versetzten Mediums, wobei vor einem Laufrad ein schaufelfreier Raum angeordnet ist.The invention relates to a centrifugal pump for conveying a medium mixed with solid admixtures, a blade-free space being arranged in front of an impeller.

Als Laufräder kommen bei solchen Pumpen Freistromräder zum Einsatz. Sie weisen einen großen Abstand zwischen den Laufradschaufeln und der einlassseitigen Gehäusewand auf. Dadurch wird ein freier Raum gebildet, der die Förderung von Medien mit festen Beimengungen ermöglicht, selbst dann, wenn die Beimengungen große Abmessungen aufweisen. Eine charakteristische Größe bei Freistrompumpen ist der "Kugeldurchgang". Dabei handelt es sich um einen Mindestabstand, welcher zu der Gehäusewand im Einlaufbereich der Pumpe vorhanden ist, welcher dem Durchmesser einer gedachten Kugel entspricht. Je größer der Kugeldurchgang, desto größere Feststoffpartikel können mit der Pumpe verstopfungsfrei gefördert werden.Vortex impellers are used as impellers in such pumps. They have a large distance between the impeller blades and the casing wall on the inlet side. This creates a free space which enables media with solid impurities to be conveyed, even if the impurities have large dimensions. A characteristic variable in vortex pumps is the "ball passage". This is a minimum distance from the housing wall in the inlet area of the pump, which corresponds to the diameter of an imaginary sphere. The larger the ball passage, the larger the solid particles can be conveyed with the pump without clogging.

Die DE 10 2009 011 444 A1 beschreibt eine Kreiselpumpe zur Förderung eines mit festen Beimengungen versetzten Mediums. Im Gehäuse der Pumpe ist ein Freistromrad angeordnet. Zwischen dem Freistromrad und der einlassseitigen Gehäusewand wird ein schaufelfreier Raum gebildet. Auf der Tragscheibe des Freistromrades sind Schaufeln angeformt. Die Schaufeln sind mit Schneidkanten versehen.The DE 10 2009 011 444 A1 describes a centrifugal pump for pumping a medium mixed with solid admixtures. A vortex impeller is arranged in the pump housing. A blade-free space is formed between the vortex impeller and the housing wall on the inlet side. Blades are molded onto the support disk of the vortex impeller. The blades are provided with cutting edges.

In der EP 1 616 100 B1 wird eine Freistrompumpe beschrieben, deren Laufrad aus einer mit offenen Schaufeln bestückten Tragscheibe besteht. Dabei besitzt mindestens eine der Schaufeln eine geringere Höhe als die übrigen Schaufeln. Die einer saugseitigen Gehäusewand zugekehrte Seite der Tragscheibe zwischen Nabenkörper und Laufradaustritt weist einen konkaven Verlauf auf. Zwischen der Vorderkante der Schaufel mit der geringeren Höhe und der Gehäusewand der Freistrompumpe besteht ein freier Durchgang für einen kugelförmigen Gegenstand. Die Gehäusewand verläuft konisch, wobei der Abstand der Gehäusewand zu den Vorderkanten der höheren Schaufeln des Laufrades mit dem Durchmesser abnimmt und wobei die Passage mit der Mindesterstreckung etwa gleichbleibend über den gesamten Verlauf einer Vorderkante mindestens einer zum Laufradaustritt hin geneigten Schaufel geringerer Höhe folgt.In the EP 1 616 100 B1 a vortex pump is described, the impeller of which consists of a support disc equipped with open blades. Has at least one of the blades has a lower height than the other blades. The side of the support disk facing a housing wall on the suction side between the hub body and the impeller outlet has a concave profile. There is a free passage for a spherical object between the leading edge of the blade with the lower height and the housing wall of the vortex pump. The housing wall is conical, the distance between the housing wall and the front edges of the higher blades of the impeller decreasing with the diameter and the passage with the minimum extension approximately constant over the entire course of a front edge following at least one blade of lower height inclined towards the impeller outlet.

Die DE 103 01 629 B4 betrifft eine Freistrompumpe mit einem Gehäuse, in dem einerseits ein an seinem Außendurchmesser nicht abgedecktes Laufrad angeordnet ist und in dem andererseits ein offener Raum zwischen dem Laufrad und der saugseitigen Gehäusewand gebildet wird. Der radial zum Laufrad gelegene Gehäuseraum ist im Meridianschnitt gesehen asymmetrisch. Der Abstand der saugseitigen Gehäusewand zum Laufrad nimmt mit dem Durchmesser stetig ab. Zwischen dem Laufrad und der saugseitigen Gehäusewand besteht über den gesamten Umfang ein solcher Abstand, dass ein in der Förderflüssigkeit enthaltener fester Gegenstand, der in seiner größten Ausdehnung dem Durchmesser einer vorgegebenen Kugel entspricht, die Freistrompumpe zu passieren vermag.The DE 103 01 629 B4 relates to a free-flow pump with a housing in which, on the one hand, an impeller that is not covered on its outer diameter is arranged and in which, on the other hand, an open space is formed between the impeller and the suction-side housing wall. The housing space located radially to the impeller is asymmetrical in the meridional section. The distance between the housing wall on the suction side and the impeller decreases steadily with the diameter. Between the impeller and the suction-side housing wall there is a distance over the entire circumference such that a solid object contained in the delivery liquid, the largest dimension of which corresponds to the diameter of a given sphere, is able to pass the free-flow pump.

Die Größe des schaufellosen Raumes einer Freistrompumpe beeinflusst maßgeblich den Wirkungsgrad einer solchen Pumpe. Je kleiner der Raum, desto größer ist in der Regel der Wirkungsgrad. Ist der schaufellose Raum aus Gründen des Wirkungsgrades sehr stark verkleinert, kann es in der Pumpe sehr leicht zu Verstopfungen kommen.The size of the vane-less space of a vortex pump has a decisive influence on the efficiency of such a pump. As a rule, the smaller the room, the greater the efficiency. If the space without blades is very much reduced in size for reasons of efficiency, blockages can very easily occur in the pump.

Im Stand der Technik, beispielsweise aus der WO 2015/022601 A1 sind Lösungen bekannt, bei denen das gesamte Laufrad im Gehäuse verschoben wird, um den schaufelfreien Raum vor dem Laufrad zu variieren. Solche Lösungen sind sehr aufwendig und kostspielig.In the prior art, for example from the WO 2015/022601 A1 solutions are known in which the entire impeller is moved in the housing in order to vary the blade-free space in front of the impeller. Such solutions are very complex and expensive.

Aus der DE 10 2013 005 517 A1 ist eine Fördereinrichtung mit einem Pumpengehäuse und einem Laufrad bekannt, wobei das Pumpengehäuse ein Gehäuseteil und ein Einlaufbauteil aufweist, die durch ein Verbindungsmittel bewegbar aneinander angeordnet sind, wobei zwischen dem Laufrad und dem Einlaufbauteil ein Spalt vorhanden ist und der Spalt eine Spaltbreite aufweist, die durch die Bewegung des Gehäuseteils bzw. des Einlaufbauteils variierbar ist.From the DE 10 2013 005 517 A1 a conveying device with a pump housing and an impeller is known, the pump housing having a housing part and an inlet component which are movably arranged on one another by a connecting means, a gap being present between the impeller and the inlet component and the gap having a gap width that extends through the movement of the housing part or of the inlet component can be varied.

Die DE 10 2012 023 734 A1 beschreibt eine Abwasser-Tauchmotorpumpe mit einem Laufrad und einem Gehäuse mit einer Bodenplatte, die derart beweglich verstellbar und/oder verformbar und/oder gegen Federdruck beweglich gelagert ist, dass ihr Abstand zum Laufrad veränderbar ist.The DE 10 2012 023 734 A1 describes a sewage submersible motor pump with an impeller and a housing with a base plate, which is movably adjustable and / or deformable and / or movably mounted against spring pressure in such a way that its distance from the impeller can be changed.

Die GB 751,908 A offenbart eine Kreiselpumpe, vor deren saugseitigem Einlass eine Vorrichtung angeordnet ist, mit der mittels einem Handrad die Breite des Spalts zwischen Gehäuse und Laufrad variiert werden kann.The GB 751,908 A discloses a centrifugal pump, in front of the suction-side inlet of which a device is arranged with which the width of the gap between the housing and the impeller can be varied by means of a hand wheel.

Aus der JP S55 142998 A ist eine Kreiselpumpe bekannt, bei der vor dem Laufrad eine Vorrichtung vorgesehen ist, mit welcher der Durchmesser des Zulaufs zum Laufrad verändert werden kann, um das Auftreten von pulsierenden Bewegungen oder Kavitation zu verhindern.From the JP S55 142998 A a centrifugal pump is known in which a device is provided in front of the impeller with which the diameter of the inlet to the impeller can be changed in order to prevent the occurrence of pulsating movements or cavitation.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Freistrompumpe anzugeben, die auf zuverlässige Weise Medien mit festen Beimengungen fördern kann, ohne dass es zu Verstopfungen kommt und dabei gleichzeitig einen möglichst hohen Wirkungsgrad aufweist. Die Pumpe soll sich durch eine preiswerte Herstellungsweise und eine lange Lebensdauer auszeichnen. Zudem soll die Pumpe für unterschiedliche Medien mit unterschiedlichen Beimengungen einsetzbar sein, wobei jeweils ein möglichst hoher Wirkungsgrad gewährleistet werden soll und gleichzeitig Verstopfungen vermieden werden sollen.The object of the invention is to provide a free-flow pump which can reliably convey media with solid admixtures without clogging and at the same time has the highest possible degree of efficiency. The pump should be characterized by an inexpensive manufacturing method and a long service life. In addition, the pump should be able to be used for different media with different admixtures, whereby the highest possible efficiency should be guaranteed and at the same time blockages should be avoided.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Kreiselpumpe mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Varianten sind in den Unteransprüchen ausgeführt. Die erfindungsgemäße Kreiselpumpe weist eine saugseitige Anordnung auf. Mit dieser Anordnung kann der schaufelfreie Raum vor dem Laufrad gezielt vergrößert oder verkleinert werden. Durch eine variable Anpassung der Raumgröße mittels der Anordnung kann die Pumpe auf das jeweils zu fördernde Medium gezielt eingestellt werden. Somit wird ein variabler vorderer Radseitenraum geschaffen. Diese geschieht auf einfache und zuverlässige Weise, ohne dass das Laufrad in seiner Position variiert werden muss.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a centrifugal pump having the features of claim 1. Preferred variants are set out in the subclaims. The centrifugal pump according to the invention has an arrangement on the suction side. With this arrangement, the vane-free space in front of the impeller can be enlarged or reduced in a targeted manner. By means of a variable adaptation of the room size by means of the arrangement, the pump can be specifically adjusted to the medium to be conveyed. A variable front wheel side space is thus created. This is done in a simple and reliable way without the impeller having to be varied in its position.

Sind nur geringe Beimengungen vorhanden, so wird der schaufelfreie Raum verkleinert und es wird ein höherer Wirkungsgrad gewährleistet, auch ohne dass es zu Verstopfungen kommt. Bei Medien, bei denen eine erhöhte Verstopfungsgefahr besteht, wird der Raum vergrößert. Dabei wird ein geringerer Wirkungsgrad in Kauf genommen. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ermöglicht somit eine angepasste je nach zu förderndem Medium. Ferner kann bei einer akut auftretenden Verstopfung der schaufelfreie Raum vergrößert werden.If there are only small amounts of admixture, the blade-free space is reduced and a higher degree of efficiency is guaranteed without clogging. The space is increased for media where there is an increased risk of clogging. A lower degree of efficiency is accepted. The device according to the invention thus enables an adapted depending on the medium to be conveyed. Furthermore, the vane-free space can be enlarged in the event of an acute blockage.

Vorzugsweise gewährleistet die variierbare saugseitige Anordnung eine stufenlose Verstellung zur Vergrößerung bzw. Verkleinerung des Raums vor dem Freistromrad. Der Kugeldurchgang kann stufenlos variiert werden, wobei jeweils ein optimaler Wirkungsgrad gewährleistet wird und gleichzeitig eine Verstopfung vermieden wird.The variable suction-side arrangement preferably ensures a stepless adjustment to enlarge or reduce the space in front of the vortex impeller. The ball passage can be varied continuously, whereby an optimal efficiency is guaranteed and at the same time clogging is avoided.

Dabei erweist es sich als günstig, wenn die Anordnung um einen axial gerichteten Einlass angeordnet ist. Durch den axial gerichteten Einlass strömt das Medium dem Freistromrad zu. Die Anordnung kann ringförmig um den Saugmund an der innenseitigen Gehäusewand platziert werden.It proves to be advantageous if the arrangement is arranged around an axially directed inlet. The medium flows through the axially directed inlet to the vortex impeller. The arrangement can be placed in a ring around the suction mouth on the inside housing wall.

Alternativ kann die Anordnung selbst ringförmig ausgebildet sein. Bei einer Variante der Erfindung bildet die Anordnung einen Saugmund. Bei dieser Variante ist die Anordnung selbst Teil des saugseitigen Gehäuses oder bildet das saugseitige Gehäuse.Alternatively, the arrangement itself can be designed in the form of a ring. In a variant of the invention, the arrangement forms a suction mouth. In this variant, the arrangement itself is part of the suction-side housing or forms the suction-side housing.

Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführung der Erfindung umfasst die Anordnung eine elastische Wandung zur Anpassung des Raums. Bei der Wandung kann es sich um eine Membran handeln. Durch Dehnung der Wandung bzw. zur Rücknahme der Dehnung wird der Raum zwischen Freistromrad und Gehäusewand gezielt angepasst. Es kommt ein verstellbarer Einbau zum Einsatz, wobei ein Bewegungskörper den Raum, durch welchen das zu fördernde Medium strömt, gezielt vergrößert und/oder verkleinert.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the arrangement comprises an elastic wall for adapting the space. The wall can be a membrane. By stretching the wall or taking back the Expansion, the space between vortex impeller and housing wall is specifically adapted. An adjustable installation is used, whereby a moving body specifically enlarges and / or reduces the space through which the medium to be conveyed flows.

Erfindungsgemäß umfasst die Anordnung einen Hohlkörper. Der Hohlkörper weist einen Anschluss auf, durch welchen ein Füllfluid zu- bzw. abgeführt werden kann. Bei dem Hohlkörper kann es sich beispielsweise um ein schlauchartiges Gebilde handeln. Durch die Zuführung eines Mediums, wie beispielsweise Wasser, Druckluft, Drucköl oder Ähnlichem kann der Hohlkörper gedehnt bzw. verschoben werden und auf diese Weise die Größe des durchströmten Raumes vor dem Laufrad beeinflussen.According to the invention, the arrangement comprises a hollow body. The hollow body has a connection through which a filling fluid can be supplied or discharged. The hollow body can be, for example, a hose-like structure. By supplying a medium such as water, compressed air, pressure oil or the like, the hollow body can be stretched or shifted and in this way influence the size of the space in front of the impeller.

Der elastische Werkstoff kann durch unterschiedliche Medien beispielsweise auch ferromagnetisierbare Flüssigkeiten, eine definierte Raumänderung erfahren. Ist ein Zustand erreicht, bei dem die Funktionalität beeinträchtigt ist, wird die Formänderung wieder zurückgenommen und die ursprüngliche Form wieder eingenommen. Die Formänderung kann in einer nicht beanspruchten Variante auch mittels Memory-Metall herbeigeführt werden.The elastic material can experience a defined spatial change through different media, for example also ferromagnetizable liquids. If a state is reached in which the functionality is impaired, the change in shape is reversed and the original shape is resumed. In a variant that is not claimed, the change in shape can also be brought about by means of memory metal.

Bei einer Variante der Erfindung umfasst die Anordnung ein axial verfahrbares Element. Es kann sich dabei beispielsweise um einen Kompakt-Pneumatik-Zylinder für eine Raumänderung bzw. Formänderung handeln. Dabei ändern Elemente ihren axialen Abstand zum Laufrad und vergrößern bzw. verkleinern somit den vom Medium durchströmten schaufelfreien Raum vor dem Freistromrad.In a variant of the invention, the arrangement comprises an axially displaceable element. It can be, for example, a compact pneumatic cylinder for a change in space or a change in shape. Elements change their axial distance to the impeller and thus enlarge or reduce the vane-free space in front of the vortex impeller through which the medium flows.

Die Anordnung kann am saugseitigen Gehäuseteil angeordnet sein. Alternativ kann auch der saugseitige Gehäuseteil selbst von der Anordnung gebildet werden. Bei einer Variante der Erfindung sind saugseitige Gehäuseteile axial verschieblich angeordnet und passen somit den durchströmten freien Raum vor dem Freistromrad in seiner Größe an.The arrangement can be arranged on the suction-side housing part. Alternatively, the suction-side housing part itself can also be formed by the arrangement. In a variant of the invention, the suction-side housing parts are arranged to be axially displaceable and thus adapt the size of the free space through which the air flows in front of the vortex impeller.

Als besonders günstig erweist es sich, wenn die Kreiselpumpe mit einem Detektor ausgestattet ist, der mit der Anordnung in Verbindung steht. Mittels des Detektors können Verstopfungen festgestellt werden. Die Anordnung kann dann gezielt darauf reagieren und den Raum vergrößern, sodass diese gelöst wird bzw. dass überhaupt keine Verstopfungen erst auftreten. Zur Detektion einer Verstopfung können unterschiedliche Messgrößen herangezogen werden, beispielsweise ein Druckfall bzw. eine Leistungsaufnahme der Pumpe.It proves to be particularly favorable if the centrifugal pump is equipped with a detector which is connected to the arrangement. The detector can be used to identify blockages. The arrangement can then react in a targeted manner and enlarge the space so that it is released or that no blockages occur in the first place. Different measured variables can be used to detect a blockage, for example a pressure drop or a power consumption of the pump.

Somit wird ein autoadaptives System geschaffen, welches Verstopfungen verhindert und dabei gleichzeitig einen möglichst hohen Wirkungsgrad der Pumpe gewährleistet.This creates an auto-adaptive system that prevents blockages and at the same time ensures the highest possible efficiency of the pump.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels anhand einer Zeichnung und anhand der Zeichnung selbst.Further features and advantages of the invention emerge from the description of an exemplary embodiment on the basis of a drawing and on the basis of the drawing itself.

Dabei zeigt:

Figur 1
einen Schnitt durch eine Freistrompumpe.
It shows:
Figure 1
a section through a vortex pump.

Figur 1 zeigt eine Kreiselpumpe zur Förderung eines mit festen Beimengungen versetzten Mediums. Die Pumpe umfasst ein Laufrad 1, das im Ausführungsbeispiel als Freistromrad ausgeführt ist. Das Laufrad 1 wird von einem Gehäuse 2 zumindest teilweise umschlossen. Das Laufrad 1 ist auf einer Welle 3 positioniert, die von einem Antrieb 4 um eine Drehachse X drehend antreibbar ist. Der Befestigung des Laufrades 1 dient ein Nabenkörper 5, in den eine Schraube 6 eingreift. Figure 1 shows a centrifugal pump for pumping a medium mixed with solid admixtures. The pump comprises an impeller 1, which in the exemplary embodiment as Vortex impeller is executed. The impeller 1 is at least partially enclosed by a housing 2. The impeller 1 is positioned on a shaft 3 which can be driven to rotate about an axis of rotation X by a drive 4. A hub body 5, in which a screw 6 engages, is used to fasten the impeller 1.

Auf einer Tragscheibe 7 des Laufrades 1 sind mehrere Schaufeln 8 angeordnet. Zwischen dem Laufrad 1 und einer einlassseitigen Gehäusewand 9 wird ein schaufelfreier Raum 10 gebildet, der von dem Medium durchströmt wird. Durch einen axial gerichteten Einlass 11 strömt das mit festen Beimengungen versetzte Medium dem Laufrad 1 zu. Das Medium wird von dem Laufrad 1 gefördert und verlässt durch einen Auslass 12 die Kreiselpumpe. Bei dem in Figur 1 dargestellten Gehäuse 2 handelt es sich um ein Spiralgehäuse.A plurality of blades 8 are arranged on a support disk 7 of the impeller 1. A blade-free space 10 through which the medium flows is formed between the impeller 1 and a housing wall 9 on the inlet side. The medium mixed with solid admixtures flows through an axially directed inlet 11 to the impeller 1. The medium is conveyed by the impeller 1 and leaves the centrifugal pump through an outlet 12. The in Figure 1 The housing 2 shown is a spiral housing.

Die Kreiselpumpe weist eine variierbare saugseitige Anordnung 13 auf. Die Anordnung 13 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel in eine Öffnung 14 der einlassseitigen Gehäusewand 9 integriert. Die variierbare saugseitige Anordnung 13 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel ringartig ausgebildet.The centrifugal pump has a variable suction-side arrangement 13. In the exemplary embodiment, the arrangement 13 is integrated into an opening 14 of the housing wall 9 on the inlet side. The variable suction-side arrangement 13 is designed in the form of a ring in the exemplary embodiment.

Sie umfasst einen sich von außen in die Öffnung 14 erstreckenden Führungskörper 15 mit einer inneren ringförmig ausgebildeten Führungswand 16 und einer äußeren ringförmig ausgebildeten Führungswand 17. Die innere Führungswand 16 bildet zudem den axial gerichteten Einlass für das Medium. In der Führungswand 17 ist wenigstens eine Führungsnut 18 ausgebildet, die sich parallel zur Drehachse X von einem dem Raum 10 abgewandten Bereich bis in etwa zur Mitte der äußeren Führungswand 17 erstreckt.It comprises a guide body 15 extending from the outside into the opening 14 with an inner ring-shaped guide wall 16 and an outer ring-shaped guide wall 17. The inner guide wall 16 also forms the axially directed inlet for the medium. At least one guide groove 18 is formed in the guide wall 17 and extends parallel to the axis of rotation X from an area facing away from the space 10 to approximately the center of the outer guide wall 17.

Die variierbare Anordnung 13 umfasst ferner ein axial verfahrbares Element, das bei der gezeigten Ausführungsform ein mittels den Führungswänden 16 und 17 axial führbarer Bewegungskörper 19 darstellt, der ringförmig ausgebildet ist und eine mit der Führungswand 16 zusammenwirkende innere Ringwand 20 und eine mit der Führungswand 17 zusammenwirkende äußere Ringwand 21 aufweist. Ringwand 20 und Ringwand 21 sind nahe dem Raum 10 mittels einer Ringscheibe 22 miteinander verbunden. Da die innere Ringwand 20 in axialer Richtung eine geringere Höhe aufweist als die äußere Ringwand 2, weist die Ringscheibe 22 eine konische Ausgestaltung auf. Die Ringwand 21 weist einen radial nach außen gerichteten Vorsprung 23 auf, der in die Führungsnut 18 ragt. Dadurch, dass sich die Führungsnut 18 im Wesentlichen bis zur Mitte der Führungswand 17 reicht, entsteht dort eine Schulter 24, an welcher der Vorsprung 23 des Bewegungskörper 19 während des normalen Betriebes anliegt. Somit wird die axiale Bewegung des Bewegungskörpers 19 in den Raum 10 begrenzt. Bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform wird der Führungskörper 15 mittels eines Abschlusselementes 25 in der Öffnung 14 der Gehäusewand 9 des Gehäuses 2 fixiert. Das Abschlusselement 25 ist mit nicht dargestellten Befestigungsmitteln an der einlassseitigen Gehäusewand 9 festgelegt. Bei einer alternativen Ausführungsform können Führungskörper 15 und Bewegungskörper 19 einteilig ausgebildet sein.The variable arrangement 13 further comprises an axially displaceable element which, in the embodiment shown, represents a moving body 19 which can be guided axially by means of the guide walls 16 and 17, is annular and has an inner ring wall 20 cooperating with the guide wall 16 and one cooperating with the guide wall 17 has outer ring wall 21. Ring wall 20 and ring wall 21 are connected to one another near space 10 by means of an annular disk 22. Since the inner ring wall 20 has a smaller height in the axial direction than the outer ring wall 2, the ring disk 22 has a conical configuration. The ring wall 21 has a radially outwardly directed projection 23 which protrudes into the guide groove 18. Because the guide groove 18 extends essentially to the middle of the guide wall 17, a shoulder 24 is created there, against which the projection 23 of the moving body 19 rests during normal operation. The axial movement of the moving body 19 into the space 10 is thus limited. In the embodiment shown, the guide body 15 is fixed in the opening 14 of the housing wall 9 of the housing 2 by means of a closing element 25. The closing element 25 is fixed to the housing wall 9 on the inlet side with fastening means (not shown). In an alternative embodiment, guide body 15 and moving body 19 can be formed in one piece.

Die Führungswände 16 und 17 bilden zusammen mit den Ringwänden 20 und 21 einen Ringraum 26, in dem eine elastische, einen Hohlkörper 27 bildende Wandung 28 angeordnet ist. Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist die elastische Wandung 28 als dehnbare Membran ausgeführt. Durch wenigstens eine Anschlussvorrichtung 29 kann ein Füllfluid, beispielsweise in Form von Hydrauliköl oder Druckluft, dem Hohlkörper 27 zugeführt werden, der sich in axialer Richtung durch den Druck des Füllfluids in Richtung des Laufrades 1 verschiebt und dabei die Membran 28 dehnt. Dadurch wird der Bewegungskörper 19 in Richtung schaufelfreien Raum 10 bewegt wodurch dieser verkleinert wird. Diese Anordnung des Bewegungskörpers 19 entspricht dem Normalbetrieb. Somit ergibt sich auch ein kleinerer Kugeldurchgang, der in Figur 1 als schematische Linie mit einem kleineren Kugeldurchmesser dargestellt ist. In dieser Stellung der Anordnung 13 hat die Kreiselpumpe einen hohen Wirkungsgrad.The guide walls 16 and 17 together with the annular walls 20 and 21 form an annular space 26 in which an elastic wall 28 forming a hollow body 27 is arranged. In the exemplary embodiment, the elastic wall 28 is designed as an expandable membrane. A filling fluid, for example in the form of hydraulic oil or compressed air, can be fed to the hollow body 27 through at least one connection device 29, which is displaced in the axial direction by the pressure of the filling fluid in the direction of the impeller 1 and thereby expands the membrane 28. As a result, the moving body 19 is moved in the direction of the blade-free space 10, whereby it is reduced in size. This arrangement of the moving body 19 corresponds to normal operation. This also results in a smaller ball passage, which in Figure 1 is shown as a schematic line with a smaller ball diameter. In this position of the arrangement 13, the centrifugal pump has a high degree of efficiency.

Wird eine Verstopfung von einem in Figur 1 nicht dargestellten Detektor erfasst, so reagiert die Anordnung 13 und vergrößert den schaufelfreien durchströmten Raum 10. Dazu wird Füllfluid aus dem Hohlkörper 27 abgelassen und die Membran 28 zieht sich zusammen. Der Bewegungskörper 19 wird in Axialrichtung aus dem schaufelfreien Raum 10 bewegt. Dadurch wird ein größerer Kugeldurchgang gewährleistet, der in Figur 1 als Kreis mit dem größeren Durchmesser schematisch dargestellt ist.If an obstruction is caused by an in Figure 1 If the detector (not shown) is detected, the arrangement 13 reacts and enlarges the vane-free space 10 through which the flow passes. For this purpose, filling fluid is drained from the hollow body 27 and the membrane 28 contracts. The moving body 19 is moved out of the blade-free space 10 in the axial direction. This ensures a larger ball passage, which is shown schematically in FIG. 1 as a circle with the larger diameter.

Die erfindungsmäße Anordnung 13 ermöglicht eine stufenlose Variation des vorderen Radseitenraumes 10, ohne dass das Laufrad 1 in seiner Position verschoben werden muss.The arrangement 13 according to the invention enables a stepless variation of the front wheel side space 10 without the impeller 1 having to be shifted in its position.

Claims (9)

  1. Centrifugal pump for conveying a medium containing solid additives, wherein a blade-free space (10) is arranged upstream of an impeller (1), and, in order to avoid blockages due to the solid additives, the centrifugal pump has a suction-side arrangement (13) for increasing and/or reducing the size of the space (10),
    characterized in that
    the arrangement (13) has an expandable or displaceable hollow body (27) with a port (29) for feeding and/or discharge of a filling fluid.
  2. Centrifugal pump according to Claim 1, characterized in that the arrangement (13) is of ring-shaped form.
  3. Centrifugal pump according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the arrangement (13) has an elastic wall (28) for adaptation of the space (10) through expansion of the wall (28).
  4. Centrifugal pump according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the arrangement (13) comprises an axially movable element.
  5. Centrifugal pump according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the arrangement (13) comprises a displaceable casing part.
  6. Centrifugal pump according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the arrangement (13) forms a suction mouth.
  7. Centrifugal pump according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the arrangement (13) has elements which change their spacing to the impeller (1).
  8. Centrifugal pump according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the arrangement (13) is arranged on a suction-side casing part (9).
  9. Centrifugal pump according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the centrifugal pump has a detector which is connected to the arrangement (13) for adaptation of the size of the space (10).
EP17801403.1A 2016-12-21 2017-11-10 Vortex pump Active EP3559478B1 (en)

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DE102016225908.3A DE102016225908A1 (en) 2016-12-21 2016-12-21 Vortex pump
PCT/EP2017/078857 WO2018114133A1 (en) 2016-12-21 2017-11-10 Vortex pump

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AU (1) AU2017379190B2 (en)
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DE102016225908A1 (en) * 2016-12-21 2018-06-21 KSB SE & Co. KGaA Vortex pump

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CA3047806A1 (en) 2018-06-28
US11168695B2 (en) 2021-11-09
CN110073113A (en) 2019-07-30
EP3559478A1 (en) 2019-10-30
AU2017379190B2 (en) 2023-04-13
WO2018114133A1 (en) 2018-06-28
CN110073113B (en) 2021-10-01
US20190316590A1 (en) 2019-10-17
DE102016225908A1 (en) 2018-06-21
AU2017379190A1 (en) 2019-06-27
MX2019006558A (en) 2019-08-21

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