EP3559322A1 - Procede de traitement mecanique d'une paroi reduisant la formation de coke et procédé de traitement d'hydrocarbures - Google Patents
Procede de traitement mecanique d'une paroi reduisant la formation de coke et procédé de traitement d'hydrocarburesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3559322A1 EP3559322A1 EP17836016.0A EP17836016A EP3559322A1 EP 3559322 A1 EP3559322 A1 EP 3559322A1 EP 17836016 A EP17836016 A EP 17836016A EP 3559322 A1 EP3559322 A1 EP 3559322A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- treatment
- carbides
- wall
- mechanical
- chromium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 15
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title description 3
- -1 chromium carbides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052605 nesosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Cr+3] UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneniobium Chemical compound [Nb]#C UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011805 ball Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 41
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003821 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si](C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C(OC([H])([H])[*])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052909 inorganic silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/10—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
- B24C3/32—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants designed for abrasive blasting of particular work, e.g. the internal surfaces of cylinder blocks
- B24C3/325—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants designed for abrasive blasting of particular work, e.g. the internal surfaces of cylinder blocks for internal surfaces, e.g. of tubes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G75/00—Inhibiting corrosion or fouling in apparatus for treatment or conversion of hydrocarbon oils, in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G75/00—Inhibiting corrosion or fouling in apparatus for treatment or conversion of hydrocarbon oils, in general
- C10G75/04—Inhibiting corrosion or fouling in apparatus for treatment or conversion of hydrocarbon oils, in general by addition of antifouling agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/005—Coking (in order to produce liquid products mainly)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/02—Etching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
- C10G2300/4075—Limiting deterioration of equipment
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method of surface treatment of a metal wall having the effect of reducing the formation of coke on the surface of this wall. More specifically, the invention relates to a process for the surface elimination of carbides from a metal alloy wall, in particular by mechanical treatment. The invention also relates to the use of a metal wall treated by the treatment process in a hydrocarbon treatment process.
- the reactor walls of certain units of the petrochemical or chemical industry are sometimes subjected to very severe operating conditions that can lead to coking phenomena.
- the manufacture of alkenes, monomers valued in the polymer industry is obtained by cracking petroleum hydrocarbons at temperatures of the order of 800 to 900 ° C.
- a mixture of hydrocarbons and water vapor is circulated at high speed in reactors, usually made of metal tubes, often nickel and chromium rich alloys.
- the reactors are thus subjected to high temperatures and complex aggressive atmospheres and the formation of carbon (coke) on the surface of the walls of the tubes is observed, this formation being catalyzed by the iron and nickel present in the alloy. metallic constituting the walls.
- This deposit of coke can result in fouling of the tubes, resulting in a loss of charge, a degradation of the conductivity of the walls and a decrease in yields. It is then necessary to stop the unit in order to eliminate the formed coke, an operation detrimental to the productivity of the unit.
- a protective oxide layer can in particular be obtained by using suitable alloys, for example rich in chromium or aluminum, or by oxidation pretreatments.
- a process for treating a Fe-Ni-Cr metal alloy wall of an industrial reactor that reduces coke formation on said surface when it is subjected to favorable operating conditions for coking, metal alloy comprising in particular within its structure carbides some of which may be flush with the surface.
- the metal alloy contains at least 5% by weight of iron, at least 18% by weight of chromium, at least 25% by weight of nickel and at least 0.05% by weight of carbon.
- “Favorable operating conditions for coking” are conditions that can cause coke formation on the surface.
- the parameters influencing the coking include, for example, the temperature, the nature of the liquid or gaseous fluids flowing inside the reactor and in contact with the surface, the flow regime of the fluids (turbulence).
- the method comprises a mechanical step of impact surface treatment, during which a surface of the wall is hammered by projection of particles under conditions adapted to obtain an overlap of the carbides initially present on the surface by plastic deformation. permanent surface.
- the surface treatment renders the surface rough and rough, with an overlap of the carbides initially flush and / or close to the surface. This removal of carbides from the surface of the metal alloy reduces the formation of coke.
- Such a step of impact surface treatment has the advantage of being easy to implement and relatively inexpensive.
- the process according to the invention may advantageously be carried out to treat a wall of a reactor after the manufacture thereof and before commissioning of the reactor.
- a step of oxidation of the wall can be envisaged, which further reduces the formation of coke.
- the surface treatment seems to favor the formation of a homogeneous oxidized layer and thus reduce the formation of coke.
- the invention is more particularly suitable for treating a wall of a steam-cracking reactor (oven), or any other installation in which the coke formation catalyzed by iron, nickel and possibly other metallic elements catalysts is observed. present in the metal alloy constituting the reactor.
- the invention thus also relates to a process for the treatment of hydrocarbons under conditions capable of causing the formation of coke, characterized in that the hydrocarbons are brought into contact with a surface of a metal alloy wall Fe-Ni-Cr , said surface of the metal wall being pretreated by a treatment method according to the invention so as to reduce the formation of a coke deposit.
- the metal alloy is preferably a metal alloy containing at least 5% by weight of iron, at least 18% by weight of chromium, at least 25% by weight of nickel and at least 0.05% by weight of carbon. .
- the hydrocarbon treatment process may be a cracking process in which the hydrocarbons are contacted with the wall in admixture with steam.
- a treatment is for example implemented in a steam cracking reactor.
- the hydrocarbons can be brought into contact with the surface of the metal wall at a temperature of 800 to 900 ° C, especially in a mixture with water vapor.
- the treatment process according to the invention is intended for the treatment of Fe-Ni-Cr metal alloys, in particular containing carbides within their structure. These carbides may be flush with the surface, that is to say be in contact with the gaseous medium surrounding the alloy, and / or may be located in the immediate vicinity of the surface, for example from a depth of ⁇ or more.
- Such carbides form by precipitation during the manufacture of the wall. They may also appear partly in service.
- the carbides particularly chemically stable, are formed from the carbon present in the metal alloy. These carbides may in particular be observed for a carbon content of the metal alloy of at least 0.05% by weight.
- This type of metal alloy is particularly suitable for use at high temperature ("heat resistant alloys").
- the treated alloys are alloys having a Fe-Ni-Cr matrix, possibly austenitic, in which chromium carbides (Cr x C y ) or even niobium carbides (NbC) precipitate when this element is present and or carbonitrides when the alloy contains nitrogen, and / or other carbides optionally.
- Such alloys thus include:
- iron at least 5% by weight of iron, preferably from 10% to 50%, preferably from 12 to 48% by weight,
- these alloys comprise carbon, especially from 0.05 to 1% by weight of carbon, preferably from 0.08 to 0.6% by weight.
- nickel or iron may be the predominant element.
- the iron content is the complement to 100% of the contents of the other elements present in the alloy.
- the treated metal alloys may comprise other elements.
- they may include one or more of the following:
- niobium in particular in a content of 0.3 to 2.5% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 2% by weight,
- manganese especially in a content of 0.01 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 1.7% by weight,
- silicon especially in a content of 0.5 to 3% by weight, preferably 1 to 2.5% by weight,
- nitrogen especially at a content of at most 1% by weight, for example from 0.01 to 0.5% by weight.
- the metal alloy used can preferably be adapted to spin molding. In particular, it can respect the standard
- EN 10295 relating to refractory molded steels.
- This technique consists in casting the liquid metal in a mold which is rotated about its main axis.
- the mold rotates at such a speed that it creates an average acceleration of the order of several hundred and up to 1000m / s 2 or more, in some cases.
- the molds can be sand or metal shell, mounted on machines with horizontal axis, vertical or oblique. The parts obtained by centrifugation have very good physical and mechanical characteristics.
- the treated wall can thus advantageously be made by centrifugal molding.
- This impact surface treatment is obtained by hammering the surface by spraying particles under conditions adapted to obtain a permanent plastic deformation of the surface, especially under conditions adapted to obtain a recovery of carbides initially present on the surface by permanent plastic deformation of the surface.
- the carbides initially present on the surface may be flush with the surface and / or be located in the immediate vicinity of the surface, in particular located at a depth of ⁇ and more than the surface.
- this type of impact surface treatment is to compress the material under the impacted surface: this compressed material tends to regain its initial volume, resulting in high residual compressive stresses. This makes it possible to significantly increase the service life of an alloy part because almost all of the fractures in fatigue and stress corrosion are initiated on the surface of such parts.
- the impacts caused by the projectiles will cover the surface of a uniform compression layer, having a reduced carbide content with respect to the intact internal structure of the wall.
- an overlap of the carbides initially present on the surface is observed, in other words an overlap of the carbides flush with the surface and / or situated in the immediate vicinity of the surface before the mechanical treatment.
- such a surface treatment can be designated by the terms “microbillage” (use of beads), “sandblasting”, “corundonnage” (use of particles of corundum), “shot blasting”.
- the particles can be of various nature (mineral, metallic, ...) shapes (spherical or angular) and various sizes.
- the particles may thus be chosen from particles of aluminum oxide (for example white or brown corundum), metal particles, balls made of material that is inert under the operating conditions of use of the metal alloy wall, by example of glass or aluminum oxide, particles of nesosilicates.
- particles of aluminum oxide for example white or brown corundum
- metal particles balls made of material that is inert under the operating conditions of use of the metal alloy wall, by example of glass or aluminum oxide, particles of nesosilicates.
- the particles of nesosilicates have a general formula A m B n (SiO4) t, where A is a transition metal or an alkaline earth and B is a transition metal or a rare earth.
- A may be chosen from Mg, Ca and Mn and B may be chosen from Y, Ce, La.
- the particles may have an average diameter of 100 to 100.degree. To 200 .mu.m, for example, glass beads having an average diameter of from 250 to 500 .mu.m.
- the particles may be projected by a gaseous fluid, for example air, argon or the like, at a pressure of 200 to 400 kPa (2 to 4 bar), preferably 250 to 350 kPa (2.5 to 3 bar). , 5 bars).
- a gaseous fluid for example air, argon or the like
- a pressure of 300 to 350 kPa is usable.
- pressures of 270 to 320 kPa may be used.
- the projection distance may be from 5 to 25 cm, for example from 10 to 20 cm.
- the projection time may be from 0.2 to 3 minutes, preferably from 0.5 to 2 minutes (especially for an area of a few cm 2 ).
- the surface of the wall to be treated can be previously treated by the chemical treatment step described below.
- This step allows at least partial dissolution of the carbides, especially chromium carbides, and causes the formation of cavities.
- the permanent plastic deformation obtained by the implementation of the mechanical treatment step makes it possible to reseal at least part of these cavities.
- the impact surface treatment step can be carried out under conditions adapted to obtain a carbide coating, or even to close the cavities formed during an electrochemical dissolution step when it is present, on a depth of at least 20 ⁇ , preferably to a depth of at least 30 ⁇ .
- This mechanical step is preferably performed “cold”, that is to say at room temperature, namely a temperature ranging from 5 to 35 ° C.
- this step is preferably carried out before the mechanical step of surface treatment previously described. More specifically, this step is an electrochemical step, in particular an electrochemical step of selective dissolution.
- this step is advantageously carried out under conditions adapted to dissolve at least a portion of these carbides to a depth of at least 10 ⁇ (from the treated surface), preferably at least 20 ⁇ , more preferably from at least 30 ⁇ , or even at least 40 ⁇ .
- the electrolytic dissolution conditions can advantageously be adapted to dissolve one or more carbides selected from chromium carbides, niobium carbides when the alloy contains niobium, carbonitrides when the alloy contains nitrogen, or even other carbides, preferably chromium carbides.
- the method according to the invention may comprise at least one other chemical step of treatment, during which at least a portion of the carbides initially present in the alloy, especially at the surface, and not dissolved during a previous chemical treatment step, is removed by electrolytic dissolution.
- a washing step may be provided between two successive chemical treatment steps under conditions capable of removing traces of electrolytes from the treated surface. It may be one or more steps of rinsing the wall with water, preferably distilled water, optionally followed by one or more rinsing steps with an alcohol, for example ethanol. This washing may be followed by drying under conditions that make it possible to eliminate the flushing fluid (s) from the wall to be treated.
- the electrochemical dissolution of the chromium carbides and the electrochemical dissolution of the niobium carbides are carried out.
- the chemical step is implemented by placing the wall to be treated at the anode of an electrolysis cell, the cathode being formed of a conductive part (for example metal or graphite) and by applying an electric potential to through the electrolysis cell.
- a conductive part for example metal or graphite
- the chemical treatment step may be carried out in an electrolysis cell comprising an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide or an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid.
- the electrolytic solution may thus comprise an aqueous solution of a soluble metal hydroxide.
- This metal may be an alkali metal such as Na, K, Li, for example Na.
- the electrolytic solution may comprise from 100 to 200 g / l of alkali metal hydroxide, preferably from 120 to 150 g / l.
- the chloride content of the solution is less than 10 ppm by weight.
- a procedure for the dissolution of niobium carbides is described, for example, in "Anode dissolution characteristics of titanium, niobium and chromium carbides", 1971. V. Cihal, A. Desestret, M. Froment and GH Wagner.
- the electrolytic solution can thus be an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid whose concentration of sulfuric acid can be from 1 to 10 mol.L 1 , preferably from 2 to 9 mol.L 1 .
- the invention is however not limited to these particular conditions: one skilled in the art is able to determine other suitable sulfuric acid concentrations, or even to use other suitable electrolytic solutions.
- the electric potential difference applied to the electrolysis cell may be 4 to 8 volts or 3 to volts, or even 3 to 5 volts. It may be better to avoid higher potential differences so as not to generate too much heat.
- the flow of current through the electrolysis cell is variable depending on the surface to be treated.
- Current density can typically be from 5A / in 2 (7750A / m 2 ) to 10A / in 2 (15500A / m 2 ) of wall surface to be treated.
- the duration of the treatment may be variable, for example from 4 to 50 hours or from 2 to 50 hours, for example from 2 to 30 hours, depending on the amount of carbides and / or the depth of wall that is desired treat.
- the temperature of the electrolytic solution can vary from room temperature to about 85 ° C. It is preferred, however, that the temperature of the solution be kept below 60 ° C.
- This step is performed after the mechanical surface treatment step. It is carried out under conditions making it possible to form an oxide layer (s) on the treated surface of the wall, in particular a layer containing one or more chromium oxides.
- the oxidation conditions may be those usually used to form a layer of oxide (s) on this type of alloy and known from the prior art.
- the oxidation can be carried out at a temperature of 800 to 1100 ° C., under a partial pressure of oxygen of 10 -6 atm at
- FIG. 1 shows schematically an electrolysis cell used for the chemical surface treatment step
- FIGS. 2 and 3 represent SEM photographs of sections of two samples having undergone an electrochemical treatment of selective dissolution
- FIGS. 4 to 7 are diagrammatic representations of the observations in section of samples having respectively undergone: polishing only (FIG. 4), electrochemical dissolution treatment (FIG. 5), mechanical surface treatment (FIG. ), an electrochemical dissolution treatment followed by a mechanical surface treatment (fIg-7);
- FIGS. 8 to 11 are SEM photographs with a secondary electron detector (applied acceleration voltage of 20kV-FIG. 7-8, 10-1 or 25kV-FIG. 9) of sample sections, according to two magnifications:
- o b 150x magnification, scale of ⁇ .
- FIGS. 8a, 8b show photographs of a reference sample
- FIGS. 9a, 9b show photographs of a sample having undergone an electrochemical dissolution treatment
- FIGS. 10a, 10b show photographs of a sample which has undergone a mechanical treatment corundonnage
- Figures l ia, 1 1b show photographs of a sample having undergone electrochemical dissolution treatment followed by a mechanical treatment corundonnage.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents an electrolysis cell
- An electric potential difference is applied between two electrodes 2, 3 immersed in an electrolytic solution 4.
- the terminal positive is the anode 2, seat of an oxidation and the negative terminal is the cathode 3, seat of a reduction.
- a DC generator 5 connected to the anode 2 and the cathode 3 provides the current.
- the material to be dissolved must be located on anode 2 (+).
- the distance between the two electrodes 2, 3 is for example about 1 cm.
- the cathode (the - terminal) a simple metal plate can be used.
- the electrolyte 4 will for example be a sodium hydroxide solution.
- Metal alloy samples of HP type 25-35 and type 35-45 were tested. These alloys consist of a Fe-Ni-Cr austenitic matrix in which niobium (NbC) and chromium (Cr 7 C 3) carbides precipitate. The characteristics of the metal alloys of the samples used are shown in Table 1 below.
- Table 1 Typical chemical composition (% by weight) of the materials used
- the samples used are platelets with dimensions of 8 x 30 mm (samples C1 to C5) and 8 x 25 mm (samples C6 to C9) and thickness 2 mm obtained by electroerosion at the heart of portions of 5 cm of new steam-cracking tubes.
- initial 8mm The initial surface condition is a rough machining state.
- the tubes from which the samples tested were made were produced by centrifugal molding.
- Each sample tested was polished with SiC abrasive paper in the following order of fineness: 600, 800, 1200, 2400.
- SEM Scanning electron microscope
- the SEMs used are the PHILIPS XL 20 SEM and MEB Zeiss Supra 55 VP.
- Ionic cutting the cross sections are made by defocused ion beam ionic cutting. This technique uses accelerated argon ions to tear off material, allowing for a very fine and pollution-free surface polishing.
- the samples are glued on titanium masks using a "silver lacquer" consisting of thin silver platelets suspended in a solvent.
- the sample undergoes chemical treatment of electrolytic dissolution.
- the sample to be tested is placed at the anode of an electrolysis cell as described in FIG. 1, the cathode being a metal plate made of stainless steel or graphite, of similar or larger dimensions than the sample.
- the anode and the cathode are separated by a distance of about 1 cm, the plates being substantially parallel inside the electrolysis cell.
- An electrolytic solution is prepared by dissolving 135 g of NaOH (in the form of pellets) in distilled water with mechanical stirring, and then filling the electrolysis cell with the solution obtained.
- the chloride content of the solution is less than 10 ppm by weight.
- a potential difference is applied between the anode (sample) and the cathode.
- Figures 2 and 3 are photographs of the C4 sample dissolved for 15h ( Figure 2) and the C5 sample dissolved 20h ( Figure 3).
- the acceleration voltage applied for the measurement is 15kV, the magnification of 619x (fig.2) and 629x (fig.3) and the scale of ⁇ .
- sample C4 cavities are observed at a depth of 40 ⁇ approximately, which seems to indicate the existence of interconnected carbide networks.
- the cavities extend to a depth of 80 ⁇ . Between 50 and 80 ⁇ there are still chromium carbides, which seems to indicate that the carbide network is not completely interconnected.
- Table 2 shows for samples C6 to C9 the maximum depth to which dissolution of chromium carbides was observed.
- Figures 4 and 5 show schematically typical observations of a section of an untreated sample ( Figure 4) and a sample that has been chemically treated ( Figure 5).
- the black parts correspond to the chromium carbides
- the gray parts correspond to the niobium carbides.
- Niobium carbides are observed in the cavities. Without wishing to be bound by theory, during electrolytic dissolution, the solution could be propagated by dissolving chromium carbides from interconnected networks but preserving niobium carbides (NbC). In addition, it is observed that the cavities are not totally empty.
- MEB / EDX Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry shows that chromium carbides have been partially dissolved. The presence of oxygen inside the cavities is also observed, suggesting that oxide or hydroxide formation is occurring probably from the electrolyte solution.
- a sample of polished HP 25-35 alloy is blasted into a sanding blast cabinet.
- the parameters used are as follows:
- a sample M 1 is obtained.
- a sample of polished HP 25-35 alloy is subjected to corunding in a sanding cabin with handles.
- the parameters used are as follows:
- Vector gas compressed air under controlled pressure of 2.5 to 3.5 bar, nozzle diameter 6 to 8 mm, 40 liters of abrasive particles in closed circuit.
- a sample M3 is obtained.
- Figure 6 schematically represents the typical observation of a section of a mechanically processed sample. It is noted that chromium carbides are no longer in direct contact with the surface.
- Example 4 Chemical Treatment + Mechanical Treatment / Microbilling Sample C4 of Example 1 is subjected to the same microbilling treatment as that described in Example 2. A sample CM4 is obtained.
- Example 5 Chemical treatment + mechanical treatment / corundum
- Example 6 Coking
- FIGS. 9a and 9b are photographs of the M 1 -microbeaded sample (magnifications 35x and 150x respectively)
- FIGS. 10a and 10b are photographs of the M2-corundated sample (magnifications 35x and 150x respectively)
- FIGS. ia and 1 1b are photographs of the CM5 sample (magnifications 35x and
- the chemically treated samples generally have less coke than the reference sample. Coke is still observed on about 10% of the surface of the sample.
- M2-corundum The sample with the most severe treatment (M2-corundum) has a bumpy surface with many reliefs due to projectile impacts. Mechanically treated samples have less coke than the reference sample. The amounts of coke formed on the microbell (M 1) and corundum (M2) samples appear similar (see figures).
- sample CM4 and CM5 A significant reduction in the amount of coke is also observed for the samples having undergone chemical treatment prior to the mechanical treatment (samples CM4 and CM5), as can be distinguished in Figures 11a and 11b for the sample CM 5 .
- the sample undergoes an electrolytic dissolution chemical treatment to remove the niobium carbides.
- the sample to be tested is placed at the anode of an electrolysis cell of the same type as that shown in FIG. 1 and described in Example 1.
- An electrolytic solution of sulfuric acid (H.sub.2 SO.sub.4) at 7.2 mol.l.sup.- 1 is prepared and filled with the electrolysis cell.
- a first test was carried out on an HP 25-35 alloy of dimensions 8 x 25 mm and thickness 2 mm which was polished before being placed in the sulfuric acid solution.
- a potential difference of the order of 0.8 V is applied between the anode (sample) and the cathode for 2 hours.
- the sample is then rinsed with distilled water and then ethanol, dried and stored in a case protected from scratches and air in a desiccator.
- a second test was performed under the same conditions of electrolysis on a sample of the same dimensions and the same alloy previously subjected to electrolytic dissolution of chromium carbides. This is carried out with a current density of 5A.in ⁇ 2 (0.775A.cm ⁇ 2 ) for 2 hours in a solution of NaOH
- the successive electrolytic decomposition of chromium carbides and niobium carbides thus makes it possible to dissolve the NbC at the surface.
- the electrolytic dissolution of the M23C6 / M7C3 could partially "loosen” the NbC and increase the free surface in contact with the electrolyte of the second dissolution.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1662903A FR3060430B1 (fr) | 2016-12-20 | 2016-12-20 | Procede de traitement mecanique d'une paroi reduisant la formation de coke. |
| PCT/EP2017/083563 WO2018114960A1 (fr) | 2016-12-20 | 2017-12-19 | Procede de traitement mecanique d'une paroi reduisant la formation de coke et procédé de traitement d'hydrocarbures |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3559322A1 true EP3559322A1 (fr) | 2019-10-30 |
Family
ID=58162866
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17836016.0A Withdrawn EP3559322A1 (fr) | 2016-12-20 | 2017-12-19 | Procede de traitement mecanique d'une paroi reduisant la formation de coke et procédé de traitement d'hydrocarbures |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20200016724A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3559322A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3047520A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3060430B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018114960A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20260055320A1 (en) * | 2024-08-20 | 2026-02-26 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Passivation of coker furnaces using combined mechanical and chemical means |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3865634A (en) * | 1973-08-13 | 1975-02-11 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Heat resistant alloy for carburization resistance |
| US4851093A (en) * | 1988-06-06 | 1989-07-25 | United Technologies Corporation | Selective decomposition of a chromium carbide coating from a chromium carbide coated nickel alloy substrate |
| FR2698576B1 (fr) * | 1992-11-30 | 1995-02-17 | Framatome Sa | Procédé et dispositif de réparation d'une zone défectueuse de la paroi d'une pièce métallique et en particulier d'une pièce tubulaire. |
| FR2798939B1 (fr) * | 1999-09-24 | 2001-11-09 | Atofina | Reduction du cokage dans les reacteurs de craquage |
| JP4183926B2 (ja) * | 2001-04-19 | 2008-11-19 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | タンタル/ニオブ含有の炭化物系原料からのタンタル/ニオブの回収方法 |
| JP4699264B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-03 | 2011-06-08 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 金属部材の製造方法及び構造部材 |
| AT14202U1 (de) * | 2013-09-06 | 2015-05-15 | Plansee Se | Verfahren zur Oberflächenbehandlung mittels Kaltgasspritzen |
-
2016
- 2016-12-20 FR FR1662903A patent/FR3060430B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2017
- 2017-12-19 EP EP17836016.0A patent/EP3559322A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-12-19 CA CA3047520A patent/CA3047520A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2017-12-19 US US16/471,024 patent/US20200016724A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-12-19 WO PCT/EP2017/083563 patent/WO2018114960A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3060430B1 (fr) | 2019-07-19 |
| CA3047520A1 (fr) | 2018-06-28 |
| US20200016724A1 (en) | 2020-01-16 |
| WO2018114960A1 (fr) | 2018-06-28 |
| FR3060430A1 (fr) | 2018-06-22 |
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