EP3553849B1 - Separator und elektrochemische vorrichtung damit - Google Patents

Separator und elektrochemische vorrichtung damit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3553849B1
EP3553849B1 EP18875904.7A EP18875904A EP3553849B1 EP 3553849 B1 EP3553849 B1 EP 3553849B1 EP 18875904 A EP18875904 A EP 18875904A EP 3553849 B1 EP3553849 B1 EP 3553849B1
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Prior art keywords
phase angle
polymer
separator
variation
inorganic particles
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French (fr)
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EP3553849A1 (de
EP3553849A4 (de
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Dae-Sung Jang
Yeon-Soo Kim
Dong-Wook SUNG
Hyun-Sup LEE
So-Mi Jeong
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LG Energy Solution Ltd
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LG Energy Solution Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/52—Separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/417—Polyolefins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/426—Fluorocarbon polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/431—Inorganic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/443—Particulate material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/457—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
    • H01M50/491—Porosity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • lithium secondary batteries developed in the early 1990's have been spotlighted, since they have a higher operating voltage and significantly higher energy density as compared to conventional batteries, such as Ni-MH, Ni-Cd and sulfuric acid-lead batteries using an aqueous electrolyte.
  • conventional batteries such as Ni-MH, Ni-Cd and sulfuric acid-lead batteries using an aqueous electrolyte.
  • a lithium ion battery has a safety problem, such as ignition or explosion, caused by the use of an organic electrolyte, and requires a complicated manufacturing process.
  • a polyolefin-based porous substrate used conventionally as a separator for an electrochemical device shows a severe heat shrinking behavior at a temperature of 100°C or higher due to its material property and a characteristic during its manufacturing process, including orientation, thereby causing a short-circuit between a cathode and an anode.
  • EP 2 528 141 A2 discloses an organic/inorganic composite separator comprising a polyolefin-based substrate and an active layer comprising inorganic particles and a binder polymer.
  • US 2010/0040953 A1 discloses a separator comprising a porous film formed from a polyolefin-based resin containing an ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymer.
  • a system for determining dynamic viscoelasticity applies deformation to tensileness, compression, bending, or vibration such as shear and detects stress response and displacement caused thereby to calculate a dynamic viscoelasticity value.
  • instruments capable of determining such dynamic viscoelasticity include various instruments, such as Conventional Rheometer (TA Co. RES-GE), or the like.
  • the deformation ratio of periodic deformation may be 0.1-1.5% or 0.15-1.0%, but is not limited thereto.
  • the measuring unit for determining the dynamic viscoelasticity value may increase the frequency from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz under the condition of a deformation ratio of 0.5% of the periodic deformation.
  • ⁇ a variation in phase angle of 0% or more at a storage modulus G' of the polymer of 10 5 Pa' means that the porous polymer substrate undergoes an increase in elasticity as the temperature is increased. This suggests that the content of a crosslinked structure or the branch content in the polymer is increased.
  • the polymer may show a variation in phase angle at a storage modulus G' of the polymer of 10 5 Pa of 0-100%, 0-30%, 0-20%, 2-10%, or 2.5-10%.
  • the polymer there is no particular limitation in the polymer, as long as it shows the above-described melting properties.
  • Non-limiting examples of the polymer include polyolefins, modified polyolefins, or the like, and they may be used alone or in combination.
  • two or more types of polymers when two or more types are used, they may be mixed to form a porous polymer substrate, or they may form composite layers having two or more layers in which different polymers form different layers and at least one layer thereof may include two or more types of polymers.
  • polyolefins may include polyethylenes, such as high density polyethylene, linear high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene and ultrahigh-molecular weight polyethylene, and polyolefinic polymers, such as polypropylene, polybutylene, polypentene, or the like. Such polyolefins may be used alone or in combination.
  • the modified polyolefins may be copolymers of olefins (such as ethylene, propylene, or the like) with C2-C20 alpha-olefins.
  • the alpha-olefin may be at least one selected from the group consisting of 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-octadecene and 1-eicosene, or may have a structure containing at least one of a vinyl group, ketone group, ester group and an acid group in the polymer chain.
  • the content of alpha-olefin may be about 0.5-10 wt%, preferably about 1-5 wt%, but is not limited thereto.
  • the polyethylene may be a high-molecular weight polyethylene; polyethylene other than high-molecular weight polyethylene; or an ultrahigh-molecular weight polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight of 600,000 or more (e.g. 600,000-3,000,000).
  • the ultrahigh-molecular weight polyethylene may be an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer thereof containing a small amount of alpha-olefin.
  • the alpha-olefin may have any one branch selected from a vinyl group, ketone group, methyl group, ester group and an acid group in the polymer chain, or may have two or more such branches.
  • the polyethylene other than high-molecular weight polyethylene may be at least one selected from high-density polyethylene, medium-density polyethylene, branched low-density polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene.
  • the polypropylene may be propylene homopolymer or a copolymer thereof containing an alpha-olefin.
  • the alpha-olefin is the same as described above.
  • the polymer may be a blend of polyethylene with polypropylene, wherein polypropylene may be present in an amount of 5 wt% or less based on the total polymer.
  • polyethylene and polypropylene are the same as described above.
  • the porous polymer substrate may be formed of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyester, polyacetal, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyetherether ketone, polyether sulfone, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, or polyethylene naphthalene, alone or in combination, besides the above-mentioned polyolefins.
  • the polymer forming the porous polymer substrate predetermined Z average molecular weight, melt index (MI) and branch content so that the porous polymer substrate may have the above-described improved rheological properties.
  • MI melt index
  • ⁇ melt index (MI)' has the same meaning as ⁇ melt flow index'.
  • the polymer has a Z average molecular weight (M z ) of 700,000-2,000,000, preferably 800,000-1,300,000, and more preferably 800,000-1,200,000.
  • the polymer has a melt index (MI) of 0.05-4 g/10 min, preferably 0.10-3.5 g/10 min, more preferably 0.15-3.0 g/10 min, and most preferably 0.39-2.0 g/10 min.
  • MI melt index
  • the melt index means a flux measured when a polymer is extruded from a piston in the form of a molten thermoplastic polymer product under a specific load and temperature, and is an index indicating how the molten product flows with ease.
  • the polymer has a branch content of 5-25%, preferably 6-20%, more preferably 8-20%, and most preferably 10-20%.
  • the branch content of the polymer is a ratio of branches present in the polymer chain and may be calculated from the results of Fourier Transform-Infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) for the polymer.
  • FT-IR Fourier Transform-Infrared spectrometry
  • the branches of a polymer generate radicals through oxidation and function to provide sites for crosslinking by virtue of the radicals. Therefore, as the number of branch content is increased, the degree of crosslinking reactivity of the polymer is increased. Since the polymer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure satisfies the above-defined branch content, it has solid-like properties through a branching phenomenon in the viscoelastic region even though it tends to undergo a decrease in viscosity at high temperature, like the conventional polymer substrate. Otherwise, it may show solid-like properties as the temperature is increased through crosslinking in the viscoelastic region even though it has constant viscosity at high temperature.
  • the polymer forming the porous polymer substrate has a melt index higher than the above-defined range even if it satisfies the above-defined range of branch content, the polymer initially surrounds the nail perforated during a nail test but flows down subsequently, and thus cannot provide an effect of preventing a short-circuit and improving stability sufficiently.
  • the melt index is lower than the above-defined range, flowability is significantly low during melting. As a result, it is difficult for the polymer to surround the nail perforated during a nail test. Therefore, it is important that the polymer of the porous polymer substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is controlled to satisfy all of the above-defined ranges of Z average molecular weight, melt index and branch content.
  • the polymer forming the porous polymer substrate may have a Z average molecular weight of 800,000-1,300,000 or 800,000-1,200,000; a melt index (MI) of 0.10-3.5 g/10 min, 0.15-3.0 g/10 min, or 0.39-2.0 g/10 min; and a branch content of 6-20%, 8-20%, or 10-20%.
  • MI melt index
  • the porous polymer substrate has a thickness of 1-100 ⁇ m, particularly 5-50 ⁇ m.
  • the pore size and porosity may be 0.01-50 ⁇ m and 10-95%, respectively.
  • Non-limiting examples of the binder polymer include but are not limited to: polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trichloro ethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl acrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, polyethylene oxide, polyarylate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cyanoethylpullulan, cyanoethylpolyvinylalchol, cyanoethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl sucrose, pullulan and carboxymethyl cellulose.
  • Non-limiting examples of the inorganic particles having a dielectric constant of 5 or more include BaTiO 3 , Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT), Pb 1-x La x Zr 1-y Ti y O 3 (PLZT), Pb(Mg 3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 PbTiO 3 (PMN-PT), hafnia (HfO 2 ), SrTiO 3 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 , MgO, NiO, CaO, ZnO, ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , AlO(OH), Al 2 O 3 .H 2 O, TiO 2 and SiC, or a mixture of two or more of them.
  • the porous coating layer may be an oil-based coating layer using organic slurry based on an organic solvent or an aqueous slurry-derived aqueous coating layer using water as a solvent.
  • the aqueous coating layer it is advisable in that it facilitates thin film coating and reduces the resistance of a separator.
  • the binder polymer attaches the inorganic particles to each other so that they may retain their binding states.
  • the binder polymer connects and fixes the inorganic particles with each other.
  • the pores of the porous coating layer are those formed by the interstitial volumes among the inorganic particles which become vacant spaces.
  • the space may be defined by the inorganic particles facing each other substantially in a closely packed or densely packed structure of the inorganic particles.
  • Injection of the electrolyte may be carried out in an adequate step during the process for manufacturing a battery depending on the manufacturing process of a final product and properties required for a final product. In other words, injection of the electrolyte may be carried out before the assemblage of a battery or in the final step of the assemblage of a battery.
  • a polymer sample was pretreated by dissolving it in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene containing 0.0125% of BHT by using PL-SP260 at 160°C for 10 hours, and then M z (Z average molecular weight) thereof was determined by using PL-GPC220 at a temperature of 160°C.
  • the melt index (MI) of a polymer particularly corresponds to a high-load melt index, and was determined according to ASTM D1238 at 190°C under a load of 21.6 kg.
  • Standard samples (samples having a branch content 5%, 10%, 20% or 30%) were used to carry out calibration based on the intensity of each of the following peaks, and then the branch content of a polymer was determined based on this.
  • PVdF-HFP polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene
  • the obtained slurry was coated using a dip coating method onto both surfaces of a film substrate (thickness: 9 ⁇ m) made of polyethylene (Z average molecular weight: 1,200,000, melt index: 0.4 g/10 min, branch content: 8%), and the coating thickness was controlled to about 10 ⁇ m to obtain a separator having porous coating layers on both surfaces thereof.
  • a separator and a secondary battery were obtained in the same manner as Example 1, except that a film substrate made of polyethylene (Z average molecular weight: 800,000, melt index: 2.0 g/10 min, branch content: 20%) were used.
  • a separator and a secondary battery were obtained in the same manner as Example 1, except that a film substrate made of polyethylene (Z average molecular weight: 1,090,000, melt index: 0.41 g/10 min, branch content: 2%) were used.
  • a separator and a secondary battery were obtained in the same manner as Example 1, except that a film substrate made of polyethylene (Z average molecular weight: 995,000, melt index: 1.05 g/10 min, branch content: 1%) were used.
  • a separator and a secondary battery were obtained in the same manner as Example 1, except that a film substrate made of polyethylene (Z average molecular weight: 640,000, melt index: 4.25 g/10 min, branch content: 30%) were used.
  • a separator and a secondary battery were obtained in the same manner as Example 1, except that a film substrate made of polyethylene (Z average molecular weight: 1,030,000, melt index: 0.65 g/10 min, branch content: 1.5%) were used.
  • a separator and a secondary battery were obtained in the same manner as Example 1, except that a film substrate made of polyethylene (Z average molecular weight: 1,005,000, melt index: 0.39 g/10 min, branch content: 3%) were used.
  • a separator and a secondary battery were obtained in the same manner as Example 1, except that a film substrate made of polyethylene (Z average molecular weight: 1,400,000, melt index: 0.18 g/10 min, branch content: 3%) were used.
  • a separator and a secondary battery were obtained in the same manner as Example 1, except that a film substrate made of polyethylene (Z average molecular weight: 1,500,000, melt index: 0.18 g/10 min, branch content: 1%) were used.
  • a separator and a secondary battery were obtained in the same manner as Example 1, except that a film substrate made of polyethylene (Z average molecular weight: 600,000, melt index: 2.3 g/10 min, branch content: 5%) were used.
  • a separator and a secondary battery were obtained in the same manner as Example 1, except that a film substrate made of polyethylene (Z average molecular weight: 500,000, melt index: 2.0 g/10 min, branch content: 8%) were used.
  • a separator and a secondary battery were obtained in the same manner as Example 1, except that a film substrate made of polyethylene (Z average molecular weight: 1,100,000, melt index: 5.0 g/10 min, branch content: 5%) were used.
  • a separator and a secondary battery were obtained in the same manner as Example 1, except that a film substrate made of polyethylene (Z average molecular weight: 1,300,000, melt index: 6.2 g/10 min, branch content: 4%) were used.
  • Each evaluation of (1) to (4) was carried out by using a rheometer (TA Co., ARES-G2) as a test machine.
  • TA Co., ARES-G2 TA Co., ARES-G2
  • Each of the separators according to Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-11 was loaded between 25 mm circular plates to a height of about 1 mm and tested under nitrogen atmosphere with a strain of 0.3% (linear region) at a frequency of 0.1-500 rad/s.
  • Test results for each of the separators according to Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-11 are shown in the following Table 1.
  • the test results for each of the separators according to Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-7 are shown in FIGS. 1-4 .
  • [Table 1] Variation (%) in phase angle at 0.1 Hz depending on increase in temperature Variation (%) in phase angle at a storage modulus G' of 10 5 Pa Variation (%) in viscosity of polymer Variation (%) in storage modulus G' of polymer Ex. 1 7.5 10.0 11.0 6.0 Ex. 2 2.5 2.5 33.0 32.5 Ex. 3 6.3 8.5 32.5 27.5 Comp. Ex. 1 -3.0 -2.0 41.0 42.5 Comp. Ex. 2 -3.0 -1.5 43.5 46.0 Comp.
  • each of the polymers forming the porous polymer substrates of the separators according to Examples 1-3 wherein each of the variations of (1)-(4) in Table 1 satisfies the above-defined range has a Z average molecular weight of 700,000-2,000,000; a melt index (MI) of 0.05-4 g/10 min; and a branch content of 5-25%.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Separator, umfassend ein poröses Polymersubstrat, das ein Polymer umfasst, das eine Variation des Phasenwinkels mit einer Zunahme der Temperatur bei 0,1 Hz, dargestellt durch die folgende Formel 1, zeigt: Variation des Phasenwinkels bei 0,1 Hz = [(Phasenwinkel190 - Phasenwinkel280)/(Phasenwinkel190)] × 100 ≥ 0%
    wobei Phasenwinkel190 den Phasenwinkel des porösen Polymersubstrats bei 0,1 Hz und 190°C bedeutet,
    Phasenwinkel280 den Phasenwinkel des porösen Polymersubstrats bei 0,1 Hz und 280°C bedeutet, und
    Phasenwinkel190 und Phasenwinkel280 unter Verwendung eines Rheometers auf die in der Beschreibung angegebene Weise gemessen werden;
    wobei das Polymer ein Z-mittleres Molekulargewicht von 700.000-2.000.000, gemessen gemäß dem Abschnitt "Method for Determining Z Average Molecular Weight" in der Beschreibung, aufweist;
    wobei das Polymer einen Schmelzindex von 0,05-4 g/10 min, gemessen gemäß dem Abschnitt "Method for Determining Melt Index" in der Beschreibung, aufweist; und
    wobei das Polymer einen Verzweigungsgrad von 5-25%, gemessen gemäß dem Abschnitt "Method for Determining Branch Content" in der Beschreibung, aufweist.
  2. Separator gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei das Polymer eine Variation des Phasenwinkels bei einem Speichermodul G' von 105 Pa, dargestellt durch die folgende Formel 2, zeigt: Variation des Phasenwinkels bei einem Speichermodul von 105 Pa = [(Phasenwinkel190 - Phasenwinkel280)/ (Phasenwinkel190)] × 100 ≥ 0%
    wobei Phasenwinkel190 den Phasenwinkel des porösen Polymersubstrats bei 190°C bedeutet,
    Phasenwinkel280 den Phasenwinkel des porösen Polymersubstrats bei 280°C bedeutet, und
    der Phasenwinkel190 und der Phasenwinkel280 unter Verwendung eines Rheometers auf die in der Beschreibung angegebene Weise gemessen werden.
  3. Separator gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei das Polymer eine Variation der Viskosität, dargestellt durch die folgende Formel 3, zeigt: Variation der Viskosität = [(η190 - η280)/(η190)] × 100 ≤ 35%
    wobei η190 die Viskosität des porösen Polymersubstrats bei 190°C ist,
    η280 die Viskosität des porösen Polymersubstrats bei 280°C ist, und
    η190 und η280 unter Verwendung eines Rheometers auf die in der Beschreibung angegebene Weise gemessen werden.
  4. Separator gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei das Polymer eine Variation des Speichermoduls G', dargestellt durch die folgende Formel 4, zeigt: Variation des Speichermoduls = [(G'190 - G'280)/(G'190)] × 100 ≤ 35%,
    wobei G'190 der Speichermodul des porösen Polymersubstrats bei 190°C ist,
    G'280 der Speichermodul des porösen Polymersubstrats bei 280°C ist, und
    G'190 und G'280 unter Verwendung eines Rheometers auf die in der Beschreibung angegebene Weise gemessen werden.
  5. Separator gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei das Polymer mindestens eines von einem Polyolefin und einem modifizierten Polyolefin umfasst, wobei das modifizierte Polyolefin ein Copolymer von einem Olefin und einem C2-C20-Alpha-Olefin ist.
  6. Separator gemäß Anspruch 1, der ferner eine poröse Beschichtungsschicht umfasst, die auf mindestens einer Oberfläche des porösen Polymersubstrats ausgebildet ist, und eine Mehrzahl anorganischer Partikel und ein Bindemittelpolymer, das auf der gesamten oder einem Teil der Oberfläche der anorganischen Partikel angeordnet ist, um die anorganischen Partikel miteinander zu verbinden und sie zu fixieren, enthält.
  7. Separator gemäß Anspruch 6, wobei das Bindemittelpolymer Polyvinylidenfluorid-co-hexafluorpropylen, Polyvinylidenfluorid-co-trichlorethylen, Polymethylmethacrylat, Polybutylacrylat, Polyacrylnitril, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Polyvinylacetat, Polyethylen-co-vinylacetat, Polyethylenoxid, Polyarylat, Celluloseacetat, Celluloseacetatbutyrat, Celluloseacetatpropionat, Cyanoethylpullulan, Cyanoethylpolyvinylalkohol, Cyanoethylcellulose, Cyanoethylsaccharose, Pullulan, Carboxymethylcellulose oder eine Kombination von zwei oder mehr davon ist.
  8. Separator gemäß Anspruch 6, wobei die anorganischen Partikel anorganische Partikel mit einer Dielektrizitätskonstante von 5 oder mehr, anorganische Partikel mit Lithiumionentransportfähigkeit oder eine Kombination davon umfassen;
    wobei die anorganischen Partikel mit einer Dielektrizitätskonstante von 5 oder mehr BaTiO3, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT), Pb1-xLaxZr1-yTiyO3 (PLZT), Pb(Mg3Nb2/3)O3PbTiO3 (PMN-PT), Hafniumoxid (HfO2), SrTiO3, SnO2, CeO2, MgO, NiO, CaO, ZnO, ZrO2, Y2O3, Al2O3, AlO(OH), Al2O3·H2O, TiO2, SiC, oder eine Kombination von zwei oder mehr davon sind; und
    wobei die anorganischen Partikel mit Lithiumionentransportfähigkeit, Lithiumphosphat (Li3PO4), Lithiumtitanphosphat (LixTiy(PO4)3, 0 < x < 2, 0 < y < 3), Lithiumaluminiumtitanphosphat (LixAlyTiz(PO4)3, 0 < x < 2, 0 < y < 1, 0 < z < 3), (LiAlTiP)xOy-basiertes Glas (1 < x < 4, 0 < y < 13), Lithiumlanthantitanat (LixLayTiO3, 0 < x < 2, 0 < y < 3), Lithiumgermaniumthiophosphat (LixGeyPzSw, 0 < x < 4, 0 < y < 1, 0 < z < 1, 0 < w < 5), Lithiumnitrid (LixNy, 0 < x < 4, 0 < y < 2), SiS2-basiertes Glas (LixSiySz, 0 < x < 3, 0 < y < 2, 0 < z < 4) und P2S5-basiertes Glas (LixPySz, 0 < x < 3, 0 < y < 3, 0 < z < 7) oder eine Kombination von zwei oder mehr davon sind.
  9. Elektrochemische Vorrichtung, umfassend eine Kathode, eine Anode und einen Separator, der zwischen der Kathode und der Anode angeordnet ist, wobei der Separator wie in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 definiert ist.
  10. Elektrochemische Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 9, die eine Lithium-Sekundärbatterie ist.
EP18875904.7A 2017-11-08 2018-11-08 Separator und elektrochemische vorrichtung damit Active EP3553849B1 (de)

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