EP3551394A1 - Verfahren zur minimierung von belastungen der gelenkverbindungen eines manipulators - Google Patents
Verfahren zur minimierung von belastungen der gelenkverbindungen eines manipulatorsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3551394A1 EP3551394A1 EP17780368.1A EP17780368A EP3551394A1 EP 3551394 A1 EP3551394 A1 EP 3551394A1 EP 17780368 A EP17780368 A EP 17780368A EP 3551394 A1 EP3551394 A1 EP 3551394A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- spatial
- manipulator
- torque
- force
- tool
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001527806 Iti Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Programme controls
- B25J9/1628—Programme controls characterised by the control loop
- B25J9/1643—Programme controls characterised by the control loop redundant control
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/40—Robotics, robotics mapping to robotics vision
- G05B2219/40342—Minimize sum of gravitational torques of some joints
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/40—Robotics, robotics mapping to robotics vision
- G05B2219/40343—Optimize local torque
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/40—Robotics, robotics mapping to robotics vision
- G05B2219/40369—Generate all possible arm postures associated with end effector position
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/40—Robotics, robotics mapping to robotics vision
- G05B2219/40377—Impact force on stationary end effector, move center of mass, no reaction to base
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for minimizing the load of at least one articulated connection of a manipulator, which is intended to exert or exert a force and / or a torque by means of a tool on a work object or its surroundings.
- the invention further relates to a manipulator comprising at least one movable articulation and a tool.
- Industrial manipulators can have different joints. For example, there are swivel joints. There, the limiting factor in manipulation tasks is often the torque that a single pivot can deliver. There are also, for example, prismatic joints, which are displacement joints. In this type of joint, the limiting factor in manipulation tasks is often the force that must support the joint. There are manipulators that have only swivel joints, and those that have only prismatic joints, and those that have both swivel and prismatic joints.
- low maximum torques of the hinges limit the achievable forces, particularly the contact forces, and / or torques that a robot or robotic arm exerts on the environment , in particular a work object, can exercise.
- the invention is therefore based on the object to operate a manipulator so that its manipulation capability is not disturbed by its individual structural design and individual performance as possible disruptive. Further, it is the object of the present invention to minimize the load in a joint at a given external load on the tool, so the torque load in a rotary joint or the force load in a displacement joint.
- Determining a configuration of the articulated connection which assumes these, when the tool in compliance with the predetermined first spatial orientation and / or spatial position, the predetermined force and / or the predetermined torque exerts and / or learns such that the specified amount and / or fixed direction of maximum force and / or the maximum torque with which or with which the at least one articulated connection is to be loaded to the maximum, is not exceeded.
- a configuration of the articulated connection is to be understood here as the spatial orientation and spatial position of the articulated connection.
- a configuration of the articulated connections of a manipulator can be optimized in order to reduce the load on the articulated connections by forces and / or torques when forces and torques, in particular contact forces, and contact torques occur.
- a new type of operation of a manipulator is proposed.
- This new type allows reducing selected torque loads of a connection, in particular a hinge connection, preferably with an expected static external load.
- the forces and torques that a manipulator can exert on his environment in specific Cartesian directions are maximized based on given maximum torques of joint connections.
- the steps of the method are performed to determine the spatial orientations and spatial locations of multiple links relative to each other.
- the best possible configuration namely spatial arrangement, of connections, in particular of articulated joints, can be produced in order to optimally exert forces and / or torques by means of a tool.
- the method is applicable to redundant and non-redundant manipulators.
- the configuration of the connections in particular the articulated connections, can be optimized while maintaining a constant TCP position (orientation and position).
- TCP stands for "Tool Center Point", this term combination describes in German a reference point of a mounted tool.
- this reference point is the origin of a Cartesian coordinate system.
- the TCP position describes the possible spatial orientation and spatial position of a tool.
- the method may also be used if one or more components of the TCP position may change.
- the method realizes a new way of using redundancy.
- an unlimited number of configurations of the connections, especially the hinges, can exist which result in the same TCP position.
- the method described here resolves the redundancy by selecting a configuration of the links selected to minimize the load Connections at a given static external load leads. For example, concrete joints can be selected.
- the degree of redundancy is increased if the TCP position is not fully specified, for example, if only certain Cartesian translations or orientations are specified. In such a situation, even a traditional six-degree-of-freedom manipulator may become redundant with respect to the specified components of the TCP position.
- connection in particular the hinges, is automatically calculated to maximize the manipulation capability of a given manipulator, particularly a robot or robotic arm.
- the steps of the method are advantageously carried out on a device, in particular a computer, which can be operated independently by the manipulator.
- the particularly simple method described here is based on minimizing the static torques which can be carried out completely off-line and result in optimized configuration of the connections, in particular the articulated connections, against the background of a given task.
- Offline unlike "online”, means that a program can be developed on a computer that is independent of the manipulator. During development, therefore, the manipulator can continue to operate, so that downtime of the manipulator can be avoided. As a result, a robot system having improved manipulability can be provided.
- manipulators which have a non-negligible environmental contact.
- the user does not have to manually locate a configuration to minimize the stress on connections, especially articulations.
- the user is rather freed from this task. It is conceivable to offer a software to a manipulator, which executes the described method.
- geometrical or spatial constraints can be taken into account when determining the spatial orientation and spatial position of the connection. For example, angles or distances can be specified, which must not exceed components of the manipulator. As a result, overloads or too rigid configurations can be avoided.
- a joint is used as the compound. Articulated joints are particularly frequently subjected to stress.
- a robot arm is used with multiple connections, wherein the compounds are designed as articulated joints on which segments of the robot arm are connected relative to each other movable.
- a robotic arm must be able to work in a particularly flexible and power-optimized manner.
- At least one compound is selected from a plurality of compounds whose load is to be minimized. So can some connections, the are particularly sensitive, preferably be spared.
- At least one compound of several compounds is particularly weighted when determining the spatial orientation and spatial position of the compound is performed.
- a manipulator according to the invention which also solves the problem, comprises at least one movable connection and a tool, wherein the spatial arrangement of the connection is determined or determined by the method described here.
- all connections are optimally configured.
- Fig. 1 shows an initial configuration of the articulated joints of a
- Manipulator according to a first embodiment, namely a robot arm with a tool
- FIG. 2 shows the worst case configuration of the articulated joints of the robot arm according to FIG. 1, FIG.
- Fig. 3 shows the best configuration of the joints of the robot arm according to
- Fig. 5 shows the best configuration of the joints of the robot arm according to
- FIG. 7 schematically and by way of example a manipulator in a second
- FIG. 8 schematically and by way of example a manipulator in a third
- the method is based on an input-output diagram:
- a desired TCP position which is described as follows:
- the expected Cartesian force loading described by a six-dimensional vector consisting of the anticipated contact forces and torques at the TCP position. This is designated as follows:
- N is the number of degrees of freedom and t specifies how much an individual connection is weighted.
- the weighting matrix can be proposed in the following way:
- the expected Cartesian force or moment load f ' e . x ⁇ does not have to be specified exactly. It is sufficient to indicate the direction of the vector.
- the expected displacement typically has only one component, which is not zero, namely the force in the direction of movement.
- the output function includes a configuration of the connections which takes into account the specified limitations of the TCP position and minimizes the stresses of the connections according to the specified weighting at the given Cartesian displacement. To calculate the optimized position, the following optimization problem is solved: mimmize
- the weighted root mean square of the stress of the compound f
- null space When used to describe forward kinematic of a manipulator, the null space can be described by:
- One set contains all permissible configurations of the connections. This takes into account a sufficient distance to angular limits of connections and singularities. That is: c ⁇ ⁇ c ljointlimits ⁇ ⁇ singular ities>
- Qinit ⁇ which takes into account the limitations of TCP positions.
- Such a configuration can be any inverse kinematics solution.
- ⁇ is max. i d as maximum torque which erzeu- a compound gene may una and G 1 ⁇ are row vectors corresponding to individual connections.
- the parameters ⁇ 1 ' are the diagonal elements of ⁇ as described with reference to introduced (1). Therefore, the equation (2) is designed to minimize the load of a compound in the worst case.
- Figures 1 to 6 show a manipulator 1, namely a robot arm with joints.
- a method for minimizing the loading of at least one connection 3 of the manipulator 1, which exerts a force and / or a torque on a work object or its surroundings by means of a tool 2 comprises the following steps:
- the steps are performed to determine the spatial orientations and spatial locations of multiple links 3 relative to one another.
- Several spatial orientations and spatial positions of the tool 2 are specified which are to be permitted during the exertion and / or the action of the force and / or the torque.
- a hinge connection is used.
- a robot arm is used with multiple connections 3, wherein the compounds 3 are designed as articulated joints on which segments of the robot arm are connected relative to each other movable.
- At least one connection 3 is selected from several connections whose load is to be minimized.
- At least one connection 3 of several connections is particularly weighted when the determination of the spatial orientation and spatial position of the connection 3 is performed.
- the manipulator 1 comprises at least one movable connection 3 and a
- Fig. 1 an initial configuration is shown, in Fig. 2 the worst case configuration and in Fig. 3 the best configuration of a manipulator 1, namely a robot arm.
- Fig. 2 shows the minimization of the load of a connection 3, namely a hinge connection, with fully defined TCP position.
- the center open arrow shows the direction of the expected Cartesian shift.
- the manipulator 1 namely the robot arm, has to exert a force along the x-axis of its base coordinate system with the tool 2, for example to carry out a tapping or piercing action.
- the expected Cartesian displacement is aligned only along the x-axis of the base coordinate stems.
- ⁇ diag (0,0,0 , l , l, l, 0)
- Fig. 3 shows the best possible configuration.
- worst case configuration of FIG. 2 is intuitive and humane but, in terms of joint loading, given a given external displacement, it comes very close to the worst case.
- the optimized configuration allows reducing the root mean square load of the connection 3 substantially by 73%.
- illustrated deviations in the TCP position may be due to imprecise calibration and they are intended to schematically describe a test arrangement.
- null space As part of an extension, the dimensions of null space are reduced to two enlarged. In the first path, rotation about the x-axis of the base coordinate system is no longer excluded. This is reasonable for pressing, tapping or piercing tasks, since orientation with respect to the x-axis is arbitrary.
- RMS 0.0092 Newton meters, i. Compound 3 stress has been reduced by 96.86% as compared to its load in the initial configuration.
- Shown in Figure 6 is another optimized configuration at a fixed TCP position where arbitrary translation along the y and z axes is possible.
- FIG. 4 shows the initial configuration in this respect
- a best configuration is shown allowing for rotation about the x-axis
- Fig. 6 the best configuration is shown, with translation along the y and z - Axis is possible.
- FIGS. 4 to 6 show a minimization of the joint load with partially fixed TCP position.
- the open arrow indicates the direction of the expected Cartesian shift.
- the method described here could be implemented in a rapid chain of instructions of the following kind:
- a change in TCP position with respect to the z-axis of tool 2 could be limited to plus / minus 25%, rather than either setting it completely or allowing it to flow completely.
- a further additional restriction could be made by limiting the arm angle in order to avoid a rigid configuration such as the optimized one according to FIG.
- the approach could also be extended towards iterative online optimization.
- the described method according to the invention can be applied to different types of manipulators with different types of articulated joints.
- the method can be applied to a manipulator 1 a shown schematically and by way of example in FIG. 7, which has only prismatic, that is to say displacement, joints 3 a, 3 a '.
- the method can also be applied to a manipulator 1b shown schematically and by way of example in FIG. 8, which has both swivel joints 3b and prismatic joints 3b '.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manipulator (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016123909.7A DE102016123909A1 (de) | 2016-12-09 | 2016-12-09 | Verfahren zur Minimierung von Belastungen der Gelenkverbindungen eines Manipulators |
PCT/EP2017/074751 WO2018103908A1 (de) | 2016-12-09 | 2017-09-29 | Verfahren zur minimierung von belastungen der gelenkverbindungen eines manipulators |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3551394A1 true EP3551394A1 (de) | 2019-10-16 |
Family
ID=60022079
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17780368.1A Ceased EP3551394A1 (de) | 2016-12-09 | 2017-09-29 | Verfahren zur minimierung von belastungen der gelenkverbindungen eines manipulators |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3551394A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102016123909A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018103908A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112566756B (zh) * | 2018-08-10 | 2024-09-10 | Abb瑞士股份有限公司 | 用于控制机器人的运动的方法 |
CN112428273A (zh) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-03-02 | 中山大学 | 一种考虑机械臂物理约束和模型未知的控制方法及系统 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5430643A (en) * | 1992-03-11 | 1995-07-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Configuration control of seven degree of freedom arms |
WO2012143044A1 (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2012-10-26 | Abb Research Ltd. | An industrial robot having a kinematically redundant arm and a method for controlling the robot |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4756662A (en) * | 1986-03-31 | 1988-07-12 | Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology | Varible compliance manipulator |
US5294873A (en) * | 1992-10-27 | 1994-03-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Kinematic functions for redundancy resolution using configuration control |
DE102006061752A1 (de) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-07-03 | Kuka Roboter Gmbh | Roboter und Verfahren zum Programmieren eines Roboters |
DE102012202181A1 (de) * | 2012-02-14 | 2013-08-29 | Kuka Roboter Gmbh | Verfahren zum Ermitteln eines Drehmoments und Industrieroboter |
-
2016
- 2016-12-09 DE DE102016123909.7A patent/DE102016123909A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2017
- 2017-09-29 EP EP17780368.1A patent/EP3551394A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2017-09-29 WO PCT/EP2017/074751 patent/WO2018103908A1/de unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5430643A (en) * | 1992-03-11 | 1995-07-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Configuration control of seven degree of freedom arms |
WO2012143044A1 (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2012-10-26 | Abb Research Ltd. | An industrial robot having a kinematically redundant arm and a method for controlling the robot |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
FANG JIAN ET AL: "Online optimization scheme with dual-mode controller for redundancy-resolution with torque constraints", ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING, vol. 40, 2016, pages 44 - 54, XP029457011, ISSN: 0736-5845, DOI: 10.1016/J.RCIM.2016.01.004 * |
See also references of WO2018103908A1 * |
WAI SUM TANG ED - INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS: "Redundant manipulator infinity-norm joint torque optimization with actuator constraints using a recurrent neural network", PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION. ICRA 2001. SEOUL, KOREA, MAY 21 - 26, 2001; [PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION], NEW YORK, NY : IEEE, US, vol. 4, 21 May 2001 (2001-05-21), pages 4054 - 4059, XP010550770, ISBN: 978-0-7803-6576-6 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2018103908A1 (de) | 2018-06-14 |
DE102016123909A1 (de) | 2018-06-14 |
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