EP3549226A1 - Procédé de rétablissement d'un réseau d'alimentation électrique - Google Patents

Procédé de rétablissement d'un réseau d'alimentation électrique

Info

Publication number
EP3549226A1
EP3549226A1 EP17808872.0A EP17808872A EP3549226A1 EP 3549226 A1 EP3549226 A1 EP 3549226A1 EP 17808872 A EP17808872 A EP 17808872A EP 3549226 A1 EP3549226 A1 EP 3549226A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
network
wind turbine
voltage
section
power
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP17808872.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Johannes BROMBACH
Ingo Mackensen
Kai BUSKER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wobben Properties GmbH
Original Assignee
Wobben Properties GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wobben Properties GmbH filed Critical Wobben Properties GmbH
Publication of EP3549226A1 publication Critical patent/EP3549226A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0264—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for stopping; controlling in emergency situations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
    • F03D7/0284—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power in relation to the state of the electric grid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
    • F03D7/048—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller controlling wind farms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/001—Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/107—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/337—Electrical grid status parameters, e.g. voltage, frequency or power demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for rebuilding an electrical supply network of a network operator by means of at least one wind turbine. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a wind turbine and a wind farm.
  • the electrical supply networks hereby have a plurality of network sections with a nominal network voltage and a nominal network frequency, which are connected to one another via switching devices.
  • the network sections are arranged both horizontally, ie with a same rated mains voltage, as well as vertically, ie with different nominal network voltage, to each other and connected to each other via switching devices and possibly transformer stations.
  • the switching devices are provided for protection of the electrical supply network.
  • it should be ensured by a separation of network sections that have a network error, ie so-called disturbed network sections, a proper (continued) operation of the other or other network sections.
  • a network error ie so-called disturbed network sections
  • disturbed network sections a proper (continued) operation of the other or other network sections.
  • the network section affected by this fault thus essentially has a mains voltage which is insufficient for proper operation of the corresponding network section.
  • the corresponding network section is then usually de-energized by means of the switching devices, ie separated from the electrical supply network or separated from other network sections coupled to this network section. This is colloquially referred to as a power failure.
  • the network operator of the electrical supply network or the disturbed network section usually provides that the mains voltage is rebuilt and stabilized after clarification of the error by means of large conventional power plants, before the corresponding network section or the electrical supply network is operated properly again.
  • the grid operator provides that in the event of a power failure, the conventional power plants rebuild and stabilize the grid voltage in the affected network section. This process is also referred to as network recovery.
  • the reconstruction of the mains voltage of the disturbed or de-energized network section can in principle be effected by means of black start-capable power plants or by means of a network section adjacent via switching devices.
  • a network recovery voltage is provided for the faulty network section, which is usually unstable or lies below the nominal network voltage of the network section.
  • the disturbed network section has thereby again a mains voltage, but can not be properly operated. According to a timetable of the network operator more consumers and conventional power plants are now gradually switched on until the network section is properly operated again.
  • the German Patent and Trademark Office has in the priority application for the present application the following prior art research: EP 1 993 184 A1 and EP 1 665 494 B1.
  • the object of the present invention is thus to address at least one of the above-mentioned problems, in particular a solution is to be proposed which makes it possible to support a mains voltage of a network section of an electrical supply network during the reconstruction of the electrical supply network, without the size-surface and / or exclusive Use of conventional power plants. But at least an alternative to previously known solutions to be proposed.
  • the invention thus proposes a method for rebuilding an electrical supply network of a network operator by means of at least one wind turbine according to claim 1.
  • the wind turbine is connected to a first network section, wherein the first network section has a nominal network voltage and is coupled via at least one switching device with another network section, wherein the switching device is adapted to the first network section of the at least one in case of failure separate another network section.
  • An error case is to be understood in particular as a voltage failure of the mains voltage of the first network section, which has been caused, for example, by a short circuit in the first network section. In the event of a power failure, the affected network section usually no longer has mains voltage.
  • a fault also means a voltage dip which, for example, has also been caused by a short circuit in the first network section.
  • the affected network section has a mains voltage, but this is so unstable and / or low that the network section can not be operated properly.
  • the invention proposes that the wind turbine is operated in an observation mode.
  • the at least one wind turbine thus changes from a normal operating mode to the observation mode.
  • the at least one wind turbine feeds no electric power into the first network section, but checks a status of the network section, in particular, whether the network section has a network recovery voltage.
  • the status of the first network section can be checked, for example, by means of voltage detection or polled by the network operator.
  • the voltage detection itself can be carried out by measuring the mains voltage of the first network section, in particular by means of the at least one wind turbine or by means of a parking controller of the corresponding wind farm.
  • the at least one wind energy installation thus does not feed electrical power into the first network section and at the same time monitors the status of the first network section.
  • the mains voltage is preferably also detected in order to determine whether a network restoration voltage is present in the first network section, ie in particular whether the first network section again has a mains voltage or has a quasi-stable voltage.
  • the detection of the mains voltage can take place here by the at least one wind power plant, for example by a voltage measuring device.
  • the network recovery voltage is in particular a stable mains voltage which has an amount which is within a tolerance band of the rated mains voltage.
  • the tolerance band may be 10% of the nominal rated voltage, so that the corresponding voltage is 90% 1 10% of rated mains voltage is sufficient. Such a voltage is then considered stable. A network recovery voltage is thus present when the mains voltage moves stable within the tolerance band, in particular over several minutes, for example more than 10 minutes.
  • the at least one wind turbine in the observation mode preferably generates as much electrical energy as it requires for its own use. This can be achieved, for example, by the fact that the at least one wind turbine is operated strongly throttled, for example, with 1% of the rated power of the wind turbine.
  • the observation mode of the at least one wind energy plant thus preferably comprises a self-consumption mode, which can also be referred to as a so-sustaining mode, in which the at least one wind energy plant supplies itself with electrical energy.
  • the wind turbine be operated in a grid recovery mode or change this mode. It is thus proposed that the at least one wind turbine changes its operating mode, preferably from the observation mode to the network rebuilding mode, if the first network section has a network restoration voltage, in particular to support the grid voltage.
  • the wind energy plant then preferably has a control in dependence on a desired voltage.
  • the wind turbine thus varies in the network restoration their fed reactive power so that the mains voltage is kept as stable as possible.
  • the wind turbine feeds essentially so much electrical reactive power in the first network section, as necessary to keep the grid voltage stable, in particular to maintain the grid voltage within a tolerance band, which in one embodiment is 90 to 1 10 percent of the rated grid voltage.
  • the wind energy installation preferably detects the network voltage of the first network section in the network restoration mode.
  • the fed-in active electrical power of the at least one wind energy plant is controlled by means of an active power setpoint, which is predetermined by the grid operator. Accordingly, the reactive electric power is set in dependence on a target voltage and tracked the active electrical power an active power setpoint, which is specified by the network operator.
  • the wind turbine is further operated in a normal operating mode or operated again in the normal operating mode. This is preferably done on a signal of the network operation, indicating that the error case is over.
  • the wind energy installation then feeds electrical active and reactive power again, in particular as a function of a prevailing wind and / or a grid frequency of the first network section.
  • the error case is preferably a voltage drop in the first network section and / or an overfrequency in the first network section and / or an underfrequency in the first network section. The fault thus occurs in the network section to which the at least one wind turbine is connected.
  • the error is a voltage drop, in particular a voltage dip, in which the mains voltage falls below at least one voltage value which is substantially smaller than the rated mains voltage, for example, less than 90% of the rated mains voltage. Depending on the structure of the network section or the electrical supply network, this voltage value may also be less than 90% of the rated network voltage.
  • the error can also be an overfrequency or an underfrequency.
  • An overfrequency exists, for example, when the line frequency exceeds 52.5 Hz and the rated network frequency is 50 Hz.
  • An underfrequency occurs, for example, when the grid frequency falls below 47.5 Hz and the grid frequency Nominal frequency is 50 Hz.
  • the error case can thus also be detected by the mains frequency.
  • Particularly advantageous in detecting the network frequency for error detection is that the network frequency can indicate the error case before the mains voltage has broken.
  • an error occurs when both the mains voltage is below 90% of the rated mains voltage and the mains frequency is outside a frequency range which is defined by 47.5 Hz to 52.5 Hz.
  • the fault is detected by a message from the network operator and / or by detecting a mains voltage of the first network section, wherein the thus detected network voltage is less than 90% of the nominal network voltage.
  • the error case is thus determined by the network operator in this proposal, in particular by measuring the mains voltage preferably in the first network section. Subsequently, the thus detected mains voltage is transmitted to the at least one wind turbine.
  • the fault is detected by a detection, in particular by the at least one wind turbine itself or by a control unit of the at least one wind turbine having wind farm.
  • the fault is reported by the network operator to the at least one wind turbine and the wind turbine itself then checks whether a fault really exists, for example by measuring the mains voltage of the first network section. A fault then only occurs if the measured mains voltage is outside a tolerance band, which is around the rated mains voltage.
  • the measured mains voltage is less than 90 percent of the rated mains voltage.
  • the error case is over, by a message from the network operator and / or by detecting a mains voltage of the first network section, wherein the thus detected mains voltage is greater than 70%, preferably 90%, of the rated mains voltage, if she lay underneath.
  • the mains voltage is at least for a predetermined minimum period above the respective value.
  • the end of the fault can be detected by detecting a frequency stability, wherein a frequency stability is present when the power frequency within a tolerance band for a predetermined time moves, wherein the tolerance band has an upper and a lower limit, in particular wherein the upper limit is above the rated mains frequency and the lower limit is below the rated mains frequency, in particular wherein the upper limit is 51 Hz and the lower limit is 49 Hz and the rated mains frequency is 50 Hz and / or by a network identification which is adapted to vary the fed-in reactive power and to observe the first network section in order to monitor the
  • the error case is thus present until the network operator reports that the error case is over.
  • the error case is thus defined in particular by the message of the network operator that an error has occurred until the message of the network operator that this error case is over.
  • the reported error case can thus be significantly longer than the actual physical fault in the electrical supply network.
  • the network operator who often has a much better knowledge of the electrical supply network, can decide when it makes sense that the at least one wind turbine changes back to the normal operating mode.
  • the error case is over when a mains voltage of the first network section is detected which is greater than 70% of the nominal network voltage.
  • the detection can take place both by the grid operator and by the wind power plant or by a control unit of the wind farm having at least one wind turbine itself. The detection can be done by measuring the mains voltage of the first network section.
  • the error case is over, if the grid operator reports this to the at least one wind turbine and then the wind turbine itself checks whether the grid voltage is greater than 90% of the nominal grid voltage. The error case is therefore only over when the network operator reports this and the grid voltage is really greater than 90% of the nominal grid voltage.
  • a network detection is proposed, which is set up to excite the network and to observe a first network section in order to determine the size of the first network section, preferably in order to determine the statics of the first network section. That the error case is over, can thus also be done by detecting a stable frequency and / or by a Estimating the size of the first network section, for example via the impedance of the first network section and / or by estimating the statics of the network. This can be done, for example, via a variation of the fed-in reactive power and then observe the mains frequency and / or the mains voltage. If the reactive power is increased briefly and the voltage or frequency changes greatly, the first network section is small or has not been completely rebuilt.
  • the network recovery mode comprises a synchronization mode in which the wind turbine synchronizes with the mains voltage of the first network section, preferably when the mains voltage is substantially stable.
  • the network recovery mode of the at least one wind turbine thus also includes a synchronization operation.
  • the wind turbine checks, in particular, whether the synchronization conditions for connection to the first network section, which has a network restoration voltage, are fulfilled, namely whether the terminal voltage of the wind turbine and the network restoration voltage coincide with respect to their frequency and magnitude and have the same phase position.
  • the synchronization operation is performed by a wind farm controller that controls the wind turbines of the wind farm so that the wind park clamping voltage is synchronous with the grid recovery voltage.
  • the synchronization or the synchronization operation takes place only, preferably only when the mains voltage is substantially stable, that is suitable for network restoration.
  • the network recovery mode comprises a power control, in which the wind turbine feeds electrical power into the first network section as a function of a desired power value, wherein preferably a power setpoint is predetermined by the network operator and / or the electrical power is increased so that it slows when the system deviation remains constant is tracked, in particular via an I-controller.
  • the network restoration thus comprises, preferably to the synchronization operation, a power control by means of which the electrical power, in particular the active electrical power, which is controlled at least one wind turbine.
  • the control takes place as a function of a desired power value, which specifies how much electrical power the at least one wind energy plant is to feed into the first network section.
  • this power setpoint is predetermined by the network operator, for example by a ramp function.
  • the specification of the network operator can be stored in the control of the wind turbine or transmitted directly by the network operator.
  • the wind energy equipment thus has a control comprising a power control, which can be implemented both as hardware and as software and is adapted to receive power setpoints of the network operator and / or to store power setpoints of the network operator for network restoration.
  • the control of the electrical active power seen is independent of the control of the reactive electrical power.
  • the electrical power is adjusted to a deviation of the mains frequency from the rated mains frequency in such a way that the deviation is minimized.
  • the electric power is thus, for example via an I controller, controlled so that it counteracts a frequency deviation of the mains frequency of the nominal network frequency.
  • the power control has a frequency retention, which retains a portion of the electrical power to release this if necessary for frequency maintenance of the first network section, in particular feed, and / or limits an input of electrical power, if the first network section has a network frequency, the is an overfrequency.
  • the power control is thus designed so that it deliberately withholds a portion of the electrical power in order to use this for frequency maintenance, so as to possibly support the frequency of the voltage of the electrical supply network.
  • the power control has a real power ramp with an increase, which specifies the active electrical power to be injected. If the ramp now has an active power setpoint that is greater than the potential actual power of the wind energy plant, because, for example, too little wind blows, the active power ramp is corrected downwards and in particular the Increase of the ramp reduced, in such a way that the new active power setpoint is smaller than the potential actual power of the wind turbine.
  • the difference between active power setpoint and potential actual power then forms the electrical power which is intentionally withheld in order to enable it to be used for frequency keeping of the first network section or to be offered to the network operator and fed in accordingly by the network operator when requested.
  • the feed of the at least one wind turbine is thus throttled by the frequency keeping to retain a part for the case of need.
  • the at least one wind energy installation is configured by implementing the method according to the invention to additionally provide a control power that can be used to keep the frequency of the first network section stable and / or to stabilize the frequency of the electrical supply network.
  • the wind turbine can provide this control power particularly quickly.
  • the power control has a limiter which limits the fed-in power of the at least one wind turbine if the first network section has an overfrequency. An overfrequency is present, for example, if the first network section has a nominal network frequency of 50 Hz and the network frequency is above 52.5 Hz or a network frequency is detected which is greater than 52.5 Hz.
  • the wind turbine is operated so that it retains a predetermined proportion, in particular at least 5 percent, in particular at least 10 percent of their rated power as a control power and / or fed as needed to minimize occurring frequency fluctuation in the first network section, and / or the network operator provides for further regulatory action, in particular reports.
  • the wind energy plant is thus operated in particular during the network recovery mode so that it holds back at least 5 percent of their rated power as a control power and fed only when needed to counteract occurring frequency fluctuations in the first network section.
  • the wind turbine is independent of the state operated the first network section so that it holds back at least 5 percent of their rated power as a control power.
  • the wind turbine is controlled in response to a frequency deviation.
  • the wind energy plant thus feeds an active electrical power into the first network section, which is set as a function of a deviation of the mains frequency from a predetermined setpoint frequency, for example by means of a P controller.
  • the wind turbine also has an I-controller, which is adapted to track the fed active power of the frequency deviation, preferably slowly nachumble that the deviation of the mains frequency is minimized by the rated mains frequency or is regulated.
  • a weather forecast is detected for the network recovery mode, in particular for determining a guaranteed minimum power of the at least one wind turbine, wherein the weather forecast is determined by the at least one wind turbine itself and / or retrieved by the at least one wind turbine, in particular the network operator is called.
  • the network recovery mode thus has a weather forecast, preferably for the synchronization mode and the power control.
  • the weather forecast is at least adapted to predict the prevailing wind conditions for the at least one wind turbine for at least the next two, preferably four, hours.
  • the prevailing wind conditions include at least one wind speed and one wind direction.
  • the wind speed is preferably an average wind speed normalized to normal zero. By means of a correction factor, this mean wind speed is then converted to the hub height of the corresponding wind turbine to calculate the yield of the wind turbine.
  • the average wind speed is particularly preferably a wind speed averaged over a time interval of 15 minutes.
  • a guaranteed minimum power of the at least one wind turbine is determined, in particular based on a or the weather forecast.
  • the network restoration thus also includes the determination of a guaranteed minimum power, which is determined in particular on the basis of a weather forecast.
  • a guaranteed minimum power is a power which the wind turbine can deliver in a predetermined or requested period of time, this value also being known and thus able to be guaranteed or secured with at least a probability of 3o, preferably 5o.
  • the guaranteed minimum performance is thus secured at least with a probability of 93.3% or error-free, preferably with at least a probability of 99.77% secured or error-free.
  • it is checked here, based on a weather forecast, how much wind power is available at least.
  • fluctuation ranges of the weather forecast are taken into account and then basically the power is taken, which can be delivered in any case.
  • the network restoration thus takes place as a function of the guaranteed minimum power.
  • the controllers of the wind turbine are parameterized according to the guaranteed minimum power. For example, depending on a weather forecast, a guaranteed minimum power of 2 MW is determined for the next 4 hours, the wind power plant itself having a nominal power of 4 MW.
  • the controller in particular the power control, is then set so that the maximum setpoint is 2 MW. This can be done, for example, by changing the power ramps or limiting or parameterizing a limiter.
  • a value or other information of a guaranteed minimum power of the at least one wind energy plant is transferred to the network operator as a function of the weather forecast.
  • the grid operator is given a value for the guaranteed minimum power or information about the guaranteed minimum power, for example, by the at least one wind energy plant itself or by the operator of the at least one wind energy plant, which was determined as a function of a weather forecast.
  • the grid operator can take into account the at least one wind power plant or the power that it specifies as guaranteed power as a fixed size for the network restoration.
  • Particularly advantageous here is that it also allows the network operator in the situation of a network restoration can determine an available power for the corresponding network section with a very high accuracy and can choose a corresponding schedule for network reconstruction according to this available power.
  • Such a procedure also makes it possible for the network operator to predefine the setpoint, and in particular optimized, setpoint value, in particular effective and reactive power setpoint values in the form of active and reactive power ramps for the network restoration, of the at least one wind energy plant.
  • a voltage synchronized with the mains voltage is provided by the at least one wind turbine at the first network section, in particular as a function of the weather forecast and / or as a function of a voltage setpoint of the network operator, the voltage setpoint being determined as a function of a weather forecast , was determined in particular by the network operator.
  • the at least one wind turbine or the wind farm thus provide a synchronized with the mains voltage terminal voltage, which is essentially equal to the mains voltage in terms of frequency, magnitude and phase.
  • this voltage is set as a function of a voltage setpoint of the network operator, wherein the voltage setpoint predetermines in particular the amount of the setpoint voltage value as a function of a weather forecast.
  • the weather forecast says that the prevailing wind conditions are sufficient in the coming hours, that the at least one wind turbine can be operated at rated power.
  • the voltage setpoint then has a nominal voltage value which is above the rated mains voltage, for example 105% of the rated mains voltage.
  • the voltage command specification has, for example, a nominal voltage value which is below the nominal grid voltage, for example 95% of the grid -Nominal voltage.
  • the wind energy installation then feeds a reactive power corresponding to the nominal voltage value of the nominal voltage specification, in particular in order to support the mains voltage of the first network section.
  • the wind energy installation thus has a weather-dependent reactive current feed, preferably as a function of a wind speed and a wind direction, predicts for at least 10 minutes, preferably for at least 30 minutes, particularly preferably for at least 2 hours.
  • the provision of the voltage at the first network section is carried out with a voltage control carried out in response to a voltage setpoint in order to provide a substantially stable voltage at the first network section.
  • the voltage maintenance is carried out by means of reactive power feed.
  • the wind energy plant thus has at least one reactive power feed, which is set up to keep the mains voltage stable as a function of a desired voltage setpoint, in particular to maintain a tolerance band of 10% of the rated mains voltage, so that the mains voltage is in a range of 90% to 1 10% of the rated mains voltage is located.
  • the reactive power feed is thus formed at least from a controller whose input is the detected mains voltage and whose output is a reactive power setpoint.
  • the reactive power setpoint value is set as a function of a weather forecast.
  • a method is also proposed for the reconstruction of an electrical supply network by means of a wind farm, which comprises a plurality of wind turbines, which are designed to carry out a method described above or below, the wind farm having at least one wind farm Rated power between 4MW and 400MW and is coupled to the first network section.
  • a wind farm is a functional combination of several wind turbines, which are connected in particular via a common grid connection point with the electrical supply network.
  • the network operator only has to communicate with a wind farm control system for the reconstruction of the electrical supply network, instead of having a large number of wind energy installations.
  • the at least one wind turbine has a transformer with a primary side and a secondary side, which is adapted to connect the at least one wind turbine with a or the first network section, said network section has a rated mains voltage between 10kV and 400kV.
  • the network section to which the wind farm is connected thus has a rated mains voltage between 10 kV and 400 kV.
  • the network section is connected to the secondary side of the transformer and thereby the wind turbine is set up to provide a corresponding voltage at the network section.
  • a wind turbine comprising a control unit for controlling the wind turbine, wherein the wind turbine is controlled by the control unit to carry out a method described above or below.
  • the wind turbine thus has at least one control unit which is configured to control the active power to be fed and the reactive power to be fed by means of a first operating mode, in particular a normal operating mode, a second operating mode, in particular an observation mode, and a third operating mode, in particular a network recovery mode.
  • the controller is preferably set up to control the wind energy At least temporarily, depending on a weather forecast to control.
  • the control unit also comprises a communication device that is set up to exchange data with the network operator for network restoration.
  • such a communication device is prepared to perform wireless communication.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a perspective view of a wind energy plant
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically a structure of an electrical supply network
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically a procedure of the method according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically a method sequence of the method according to the invention in a further embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows a wind energy plant 100 which is set up by means of a control unit for carrying out a method for the reconstruction of an electrical supply network.
  • the wind turbine has a tower 102 and a pod 104.
  • a rotor 106 with three rotor blades 108 and a spinner 1 10 is arranged at the nacelle 104.
  • the rotor 106 is set in rotation by the wind in rotation and thereby drives a generator in the nacelle 104 at.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a structure of an electric three-phase supply network 200.
  • the electrical supply network 200 has a first network section 210 and a further network section 220, each having a nominal network voltage of 25 kV.
  • the first network section 210 and the further network section 220 are coupled to one another via a switching device 230 in order to transmit electrical energy between the sections.
  • the switching device 230 is further configured to disconnect the first network section 210 from the further network section 220 in the event of an error.
  • the first and further network sections 210, 220 are also coupled via transformers 232, 234 and further switching devices 236, 238 to other network sections, which have, for example, a rated mains voltage of 110 kV.
  • the at least one wind turbine 240 which is preferably designed as a wind farm WP1, is connected via the network connection point 242 to the first network section 210 and thus to the electrical supply network 200.
  • at least one wind energy installation 240 has means for detecting 244 a status of the first network section 210, in particular for detecting the network voltage of the first network section 210.
  • the at least one wind turbine 240 is also connected via communication devices 246, 247 with the network operator 250, which are illustrated here as data lines, in particular to detect an error case and to obtain target values.
  • the data lines are designed, for example, as ripple control signals and the data is transmitted via power line communication or optical fiber.
  • the communication devices 246, 247 also other data can be transmitted, such as a weather forecast including a wind speed and a wind direction or a guaranteed minimum power of the at least one wind turbine.
  • the communication devices 246, 247 are wirelessly implemented, for example via radio or W-LAN.
  • the at least one wind turbine 210 is also connected to other wind turbines 260, in particular other wind farms WP2, via further communication devices 248, 249. This can then also be connected via communication devices 264, 266 with the network operator to exchange data.
  • the network operator is connected to other electrical generators 270 to control them.
  • This is illustrated by way of example by means of the power plant 270, which communicates with the network operator via communication device 272, 274. is, wherein the power plant 270 is connected to the other network section 220.
  • the switching device 230 triggers and disconnects the first network section from the further network section 220.
  • the first network section is then de-energized, ie it has a mains voltage of 0 kV.
  • the network operator reports an error F to the at least one wind turbine 240, whereupon it changes from a normal operating mode to the observation mode.
  • the network operator 250 will now correct the fault 280 and provide by means of a travel plan a network restoration voltage at the first network section which is, for example, greater than 70% of the rated network voltage of the first network section.
  • the grid recovery voltage is thus not provided by the at least one wind turbine 240, but only supported by it.
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically a method sequence of the method 300 according to the invention.
  • the wind energy plant is initially operated in a normal operating mode, so it feeds electrical real power and / or electrical reactive power into a first network section of the electrical supply network, which has a network frequency.
  • the feeding of the active and / or reactive electric power takes place as a function of a prevailing wind and / or as a function of the mains frequency. This is indicated by the NOR block 310.
  • the switching devices of the electrical supply network separate the first network section from the other network sections. There is thus an error case that is detected by the at least one wind turbine. This is indicated by the ERR block 320.
  • the wind turbine changes from the normal operation mode to the observation mode.
  • the wind turbine feeds no more electrical power, but observes the Status of the network section by means of voltage detection. This is indicated by the WAS block 330.
  • the network operator now triggers a timetable to rebuild the network section, in particular to rebuild or restore the grid voltage. During this time, the wind turbine detects the grid voltage until the grid section has a grid restoration voltage. This is indicated by the RVO block 340.
  • the wind turbine changes from the observation mode in a network recovery mode in which it supports the mains voltage in response to setpoints. This is indicated by the GBM block 350.
  • the wind turbine will continue to operate in the network rebuild mode until the network operator reports that the fault is over. This is indicated by the CLE block 360. If the network operator has now reported that the error has passed, the wind energy layer changes back from the network recovery mode into a normal operating mode or into the normal operating mode. This is indicated by the second NOR block 370, which may correspond to the first NOR block 310.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a method sequence 400 of the method according to the invention in a particularly preferred embodiment.
  • the method is essentially subdivided into the observation mode 430, the network rebuilding mode 450 and the normal operating mode 490.
  • the at least one wind turbine or the wind farm is initially operated normally or operated in a normal operating mode, so it feeds electrical active power and / or electrical reactive power in a first network section of the electrical supply network, wherein the feeding of the electrical active and / or Reactive power as a function of a prevailing wind and / or depending on a grid frequency takes place.
  • the at least one wind energy plant or the wind farm in normal operating mode monitors the Mains voltage of the first network section. This is indicated by the NOR block 410.
  • the fact that the at least one wind energy plant or the wind farm in the normal operating mode feeds active electrical and / or electrical reactive power as a function of a prevailing wind and / or as a function of a grid frequency into the first network section is indicated by the NPM block 412.
  • the at least one wind turbine or wind farm identifies a fault, which is indicated by the LU block 414, the at least one wind turbine or wind farm checks this fault in its own way. This is indicated by the CVE block 416.
  • the fault is checked in particular under a comparison of fault data and / or directly with the network operator and / or with other producers, which are also connected to the first network section. This procedure is indicated by the GOE block 418.
  • the adjustment is used in particular to determine whether there is a normal malfunction NVE or an error ERR in the first network section.
  • the at least one wind turbine or the wind farm changes into a network support mode. This is indicated by the SWM block 442.
  • This network support mode keeps the at least one wind turbine or the wind farm until the frequency fluctuation is over. That the frequency fluctuation is over is indicated by CLN block 426. Whether the frequency fluctuation is over can either be detected by the at least one wind power plant or the wind farm itself or retrieved from the grid operator.
  • the at least one wind energy plant or the wind farm changes back to the normal operating mode. This is indicated by the NOR block 428.
  • the at least one wind turbine or the wind farm according to the invention changes into an observation mode, which is indicated by the WAS block 430.
  • the observation mode the at least one wind turbine or the wind farm feeds no electrical power into the electrical supply network. This is indicated by the SSM block 432.
  • the at least one wind turbine in the observation mode preferably generates as much electrical power as it requires for its own use.
  • the at least one wind turbine or the wind farm also constantly generates weather forecasts W or queries them from the grid operator or another provider.
  • the at least one wind turbine or wind farm transmits a guaranteed minimum power P to the grid operator.
  • the weather forecasts can also be received and / or transmitted via the plant operator and / or a central control room, with the central control room being responsible for managing or controlling a plurality of wind energy installations at different sites. This is indicated by the GOW block 434.
  • the at least one wind turbine or the wind farm in the observation mode checks the status of the first network section, in particular whether a network restoration voltage RVO is present in the first network section. This is indicated by the GWR block 436.
  • the at least one wind turbine or the wind farm changes into the network recovery mode, which is indicated by the GBM block 450.
  • the at least one wind turbine or the wind farm synchronizes with the grid recovery voltage of the first network section, without first feeding electrical power into the first network section.
  • the wind turbine is operated at a speed that is above a speed that is commonly used at the prevailing wind speed and often based on a speed-power curve is determined.
  • the wind turbine or wind turbine Energy systems of the wind farm thus have an overspeed in the network recovery mode.
  • the ZPM block 452 the at least one wind turbine or the wind farm requests or receives nominal values for the network restoration, which can thus be predefined, these target values being determined by the grid operator as a function of the guaranteed minimum power. This is indicated by the VCO block 454.
  • the wind turbine begins slowly and steadily increase the power fed, in particular the injected active power.
  • the at least one wind energy plant or the wind farm thus participates in a frequency maintenance of a frequency of the first network section during the network rebuilding mode. This is indicated by the FBM block 458.
  • the at least one wind turbine or the wind farm continues to communicate with the network operator, in particular in order to query the status of the first network section. This is indicated by the GOC block 459.
  • the network operator now reports that the error situation is over, which is indicated by the CLE block 460, the at least one wind energy plant or the wind farm changes back into the normal operating mode. This is indicated by the NOR block 490.
  • the network restoration is then completed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de rétablissement d'un réseau d'alimentation électrique d'un opérateur de réseau au moyen d'au moins une éolienne. Le réseau d'alimentation électrique comporte une première section de réseau et au moins une autre section de réseau. La première section de réseau est reliée à l'au moins une éolienne et a une première tension de réseau nominale, la première section de réseau est couplée à l'au moins une autre section de réseau par au moins un moyen de commutation pour transmettre de l'énergie électrique entre les sections de réseau. L'au moins un moyen de commutation est conçu pour séparer la première section de réseau de l'au moins une autre section de réseau en cas de dysfonctionnement. Le procédé comprend les étapes consistant à faire fonctionner l'au moins une éolienne dans un mode d'observation lorsque le dysfonctionnement survient, l'éolienne n'alimentant pas en mode observation la première section de réseau et un état de la première section de réseau étant vérifié, et faire fonctionner l'au moins une éolienne en mode de rétablissement de réseau si la première section de réseau a une tension de rétablissement de réseau et faire fonctionner à nouveau l'au moins une éolienne en mode de fonctionnement normal dès que le dysfonctionnement a disparu.
EP17808872.0A 2016-12-02 2017-12-01 Procédé de rétablissement d'un réseau d'alimentation électrique Pending EP3549226A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102016123384.6A DE102016123384A1 (de) 2016-12-02 2016-12-02 Verfahren zum Wiederaufbau eines elektrischen Versorgungsnetzes
PCT/EP2017/081104 WO2018100125A1 (fr) 2016-12-02 2017-12-01 Procédé de rétablissement d'un réseau d'alimentation électrique

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EP (1) EP3549226A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2019537416A (fr)
KR (1) KR20190088541A (fr)
CN (1) CN110036549B (fr)
BR (1) BR112019011071A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA3043980C (fr)
DE (1) DE102016123384A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2728523C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018100125A1 (fr)

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DE102017131056A1 (de) 2017-12-22 2019-06-27 Wobben Properties Gmbh Verfahren zum Unterstützen eines elektrischen Versorgungsnetzes mittels einer oder mehrerer Windenergieanlagen
DE102018125445A1 (de) 2018-10-15 2020-04-16 Wobben Properties Gmbh Störfallregelung für einen Windpark
EP3829017A1 (fr) * 2019-11-27 2021-06-02 Wobben Properties GmbH Procédé de fourniture d'une puissance active demandée

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BR112019011071A2 (pt) 2019-10-01
CA3043980A1 (fr) 2018-06-07
JP2019537416A (ja) 2019-12-19
KR20190088541A (ko) 2019-07-26
CN110036549A (zh) 2019-07-19
RU2728523C1 (ru) 2020-07-30
US20200003181A1 (en) 2020-01-02
CA3043980C (fr) 2021-06-15
DE102016123384A1 (de) 2018-06-07
WO2018100125A1 (fr) 2018-06-07
US11286905B2 (en) 2022-03-29
CN110036549B (zh) 2024-03-19

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