EP3545726B1 - Elektrische heizkörperheizvorrichtung mit mindestens einem strahlungsheizkörper mit zwei abschirmelementen mit unter wechselstrom und gleichstrom arbeitenden widerstandskörpern - Google Patents

Elektrische heizkörperheizvorrichtung mit mindestens einem strahlungsheizkörper mit zwei abschirmelementen mit unter wechselstrom und gleichstrom arbeitenden widerstandskörpern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3545726B1
EP3545726B1 EP17817780.4A EP17817780A EP3545726B1 EP 3545726 B1 EP3545726 B1 EP 3545726B1 EP 17817780 A EP17817780 A EP 17817780A EP 3545726 B1 EP3545726 B1 EP 3545726B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shielded
shielded element
radiating
heater body
electric current
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EP17817780.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3545726A1 (de
Inventor
Raphaël MEYER
Gilles Moreau
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Lancey Energy Storage SAS
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Lancey Energy Storage SAS
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Publication of EP3545726A1 publication Critical patent/EP3545726A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/002—Air heaters using electric energy supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2250/00—Electrical heat generating means
    • F24H2250/02—Resistances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/032—Heaters specially adapted for heating by radiation heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/035—Electrical circuits used in resistive heating apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heating device of the electric radiator type intended to be electrically connected to a power supply source of electrical energy, the device comprising a box formed at least in part by a metal frame and at least one radiating heating body. implanted in the metal frame.
  • the invention also relates to an electrical installation comprising at least one such heating device, the radiating heating body of which is electrically connected to a voltage source.
  • a heater of the type described above operates on the principle of radiation and should not be confused with heaters which operate on the principle of convection.
  • the radiating heating body is said to be primary, because its role is to heat a secondary radiating body which faces it.
  • this organization is the secondary radiant body which radiates the calories to the outside of the box.
  • One advantage of this organization is to favor high thermal inertia properties for the primary radiating heating body and to favor high emissivity properties for the secondary radiating body.
  • a heater is designed to operate only in conjunction with some kind of predetermined electrical power supply source.
  • a given heater is designed to operate only in conjunction with an alternating electrical voltage source.
  • the document EP 0 611 922 A1 discloses a heating apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention aims to resolve all or part of the drawbacks listed above.
  • a heating device of the electric radiator type intended to be electrically connected to a power supply source of electrical energy, comprising a box formed at least in part by a metal frame, at least one radiating heating body. implanted in the metal frame, at least a first shielded element consisting of a first type of resistive body capable of generating heat when supplied by an alternating electric current, at least a second shielded element consisting of a second type of body resistive capable of generating heat when supplied by a direct electric current, said at least one first shielded element and said at least one second shielded element being embedded in the material of said at least one radiating heating body.
  • the heating apparatus comprises a single radiating heating body in one piece implanted in the metal frame and including said at least one first shielded element and said at least one second shielded element.
  • the heating apparatus comprises two first shielded elements and a single second shielded element (16) arranged between the two first shielded elements according to the thickness of the radiating heating body.
  • the heating apparatus comprises two second shielded elements and a single first shielded element disposed between the two second shielded elements according to the thickness of the radiating heating body.
  • the heating apparatus comprises a first radiating heating body and a second radiating heating body distinct from the first radiating heating body, said at least one first shielded element being embedded in the material of the first. radiating heating body and said at least one second shielded element being embedded in the material of the second radiating heating body.
  • said at least one radiating heating body constitutes a primary radiating heating body arranged opposite a secondary radiating body arranged so as to deliver a flow of calories exiting from the metal frame.
  • the secondary radiating body has a surface turned towards said at least one radiating heating body and covered at least partially by an absorbent film capable of absorbing all or part of the flow of calories generated by said at least a radiating heating body when the first shielded element is supplied with alternating electric current and / or the second shielded element is supplied with direct electric current.
  • the heating apparatus comprises a management unit housed in the metal frame and controlling the operation of said at least one first shielded element and its alternating electric current supply and the operation of said at least a second. shielded element and its direct electric current supply according to a predetermined strategy algorithm stored in a memory of the management unit.
  • an electrical installation comprising at least one such heating device of which said at least one first shielded element is electrically connected to a first source of alternating voltage so as to be supplied by an alternating electric current and / or of which said at least a second shielded element is electrically connected to a second direct voltage source so as to be supplied by a direct electric current.
  • the first source of alternating voltage supplies said at least one first shielded element at a first voltage level and the second source of DC voltage supplies said at least one second shielded element at a strictly different second voltage level. of said first voltage level.
  • the first voltage level corresponds to the voltage level of the local electrical network, in particular substantially equal to 220V, and the second voltage level is within a range from 20V to 60V, in particular substantially equal to 50V.
  • the invention relates essentially to a heating device 10 of the electric radiator type intended to be electrically connected to a source of electrical energy.
  • the heater 10 is in particular configured so as to be able to either be electrically connected to a DC voltage power source and / or to be electrically connected to an AC voltage power source. .
  • the invention also relates to an electrical installation comprising at least one such heating device 10 and a source of supply of electrical energy of the direct current type and / or a source of supply of electrical energy of the alternating current type.
  • the heating device 10 comprises a box formed at least in part by a metal frame 11 and at least one radiating heating body 12 implanted in the metal frame 11. It is therefore understood that the heating device 10 can comprise a body single radiating heater 12 or a plurality of radiating heater 12a, 12b arranged side by side and / or one above the other.
  • the heater 10 also comprises at least a first shielded element 15 constituted by a first type of resistive body capable of generating heat when it is supplied by an alternating electric current.
  • the heating apparatus 10 also comprises at least one second shielded element 16 constituted by a second type of resistive body capable of generating heat when it is supplied by a direct electric current. .
  • first shielded element 15 may be greater than or equal to 1 and each of them delivers heat when it is supplied by an alternating electric current source.
  • second shielded element 16 is also greater than or equal to 1 and, unlike the first shielded element 15, each of them delivers heat when supplied by a source of direct electric current.
  • the combined presence of at least a first shielded element 15 constituted by a resistive body capable of generating heat when it is supplied by an alternating electric current and of at least a second shielded element 16 constituted by a resistive body capable of generating heat when supplied by a direct electric current makes it possible to guarantee a substantially constant heating power and makes the heater 10 operable under an alternating current source and / or under a direct current source.
  • the heater 10 advantageously has a very high potential temperature rise for its radiating heater body 12.
  • each first shielded element 15 is electrically connected to a first source of alternating voltage so as to be supplied by an alternating electric current.
  • each second shielded element 16 is electrically connected to a second direct voltage source so as to be supplied with direct electric current.
  • the first alternating voltage source supplies each first shielded element 15 at a first voltage level and the second direct voltage source supplies each second shielded element 16 at a second voltage level strictly different from the first voltage level.
  • the first voltage level corresponds to the voltage level of the local electrical network, in particular substantially equal to 220V in Europe, and the second voltage level is within a range from 20V to 60V, in particular substantially equal to 50V.
  • each shielded element 15, 16 constituted by a resistive body comprises a resistive wire placed in a tubular metal sheath filled with a pulverulent insulator such as electro-molten magnesia.
  • a pulverulent insulator such as electro-molten magnesia.
  • the lamination of the sheath ensures the compaction of the insulation, necessary to obtain good thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical and dielectric strength.
  • the ends of the sheath are made waterproof, for example by using a resin such as silicone, epoxy or polyurethane, and finalized by a plug, for example ceramic.
  • each first shielded element 15 is embedded in the material 17 of said at least one radiating heating body 12.
  • each second shielded element 16 is embedded in the material 17 of said at least one radiating heating body 12.
  • the radiating heating body 12 gives off a flow of calories denoted F1.
  • the radiating heating body 12 is unique and constitutes a so-called "primary" radiating heating body arranged opposite a secondary radiating body 13 arranged in so as to deliver a flow F2 of calories coming out of the metal frame 11.
  • the radiating heating body 12 incorporates at least a first shielded element 15 able to operate under an alternating current supply and at least one second shielded element 16 able to operate under a DC power supply.
  • the secondary radiating body 13 has a surface facing the radiating heating body 12 and covered at least partially by an absorbing film 14 capable of absorbing all or part of the flow F1 of calories generated by the radiating heating body 12 when the first shielded element 15 is supplied with alternating electric current and / or the second shielded element 16 is supplied with direct electric current.
  • the secondary radiating body 13 is configured so as to favor properties of high emissivity towards the outside of the metal carcass 11.
  • the presence of the secondary radiating body 13 makes it possible to lower the temperature. temperature supplied by the first and second shielded elements 15, 16 and to stabilize the temperature of the surface of the apparatus 10 in contact with the air.
  • the secondary radiating body 13 may advantageously exhibit good transmission properties in the far infrared (a wavelength of between 2 and 10 ⁇ m) in order to maximize the quantity of radiation emitted by the radiating heating body 12.
  • the material 17 of the radiating heating body 12 in which each first shielded element 15 and each second shielded element 16 are embedded has low thermal inertia properties and very good thermal conductivity.
  • this material is an aluminum alloy or a copper alloy.
  • the heating device 10 does not use a secondary radiating body 13.
  • the flow F1 of calories generated by said at least one radiating heating body 12 when the first element armored 15 is supplied with alternating electric current and / or the second armored element 16 is supplied with direct electric current is transmitted directly to the outside of the metal frame 11 through a suitable guardrail.
  • the heating device 10 comprises a single radiating heating body 12 in one piece implanted in the carcass metallic 11 and including said at least one first shielded element 15 and said at least one second shielded element 16, embedded in its material 17.
  • the heating apparatus 10 comprises a first radiating heating body 12a and a second radiating heating body 12b distinct from the first radiating heating body 12a.
  • Said at least a first shielded element 15 is embedded in the material 17a of the first radiating heating body 12a while said at least one second shielded element 16 is embedded in the material 17b of the second radiating heating body 12b.
  • the materials 17a and 17b may or may not be identical.
  • the radiating heating bodies 12a and 12b can be placed side by side or one above the other within the metal frame 11.
  • the heater 10 comprises two first shielded elements 15 and a single second shielded element 16, all embedded in the material 17 of a single radiating heating body 12 in one piece.
  • the arrangement of the first shielded elements 15 and of the second shielded element 16 is such that the second shielded element 16 is arranged between the two first shielded elements 15 depending on the thickness of the radiating heating body 12.
  • This organization has the advantage of further improving the potential rise in temperature of the radiating heating body 12.
  • the heater 10 comprises two second shielded elements 16 and a single first shielded element 15, all embedded in the material 17 of a single radiating heating body 12 in one piece.
  • the arrangement of the second shielded elements 16 and of the first shielded element 15 is such that the first shielded element 15 is disposed between the two second shielded elements 16 depending on the thickness of the radiating heating body 12.
  • the single, one-piece radiating heating body 12 integrates a single first shielded element 15 and a single shielded element 16.
  • the heating apparatus 10 comprises a management unit housed in the metal frame 11 and controlling the operation of each first shielded element 15 and its alternating electric current supply and the operation of each second shielded element 16 and its power supply. direct electric current, according to a predetermined strategy algorithm stored in a memory of the management unit.
  • the heater 10 can include a temperature sensor capable of determining the temperature outside the box and elements (wired or not) for transmitting the value determined by the temperature sensor to an input of the management unit.
  • the management algorithm for each first shielded element 15 and each second shielded element 16 can in particular take into account the value of the temperature outside the box determined by the temperature sensor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Elektrische Heizkörperheizvorrichtung (10), die zum elektrischen Anschluss an eine Versorgungsquelle mit elektrischer Energie bestimmt ist, umfassend ein Gehäuse, gebildet mindestens teilweise aus einer metallischen Karkasse (11), mindestens einem Strahlungsheizkörper (12, 12a, 12b), der in die metallische Karkasse (11) eingesetzt ist, wobei die Heizvorrichtung dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass sie mindestens ein erstes Abschirmelement (15) umfasst, gebildet von einem ersten Typ eines Widerstandskörpers, der imstande ist, Wärme zu erzeugen, wenn er von einem elektrischen Wechselstrom versorgt wird, und mindestens ein zweites Abschirmelement (16), das von einem zweiten Typ eines Widerstandskörpers gebildet ist, der imstande ist, Wärme zu erzeugen, wenn er von einem elektrischen Gleichstrom versorgt wird, wobei das mindestens eine erste Abschirmelement (15) und das mindestens eine zweite Abschirmelement (16) im Material (17, 17a, 17b) des mindestens einen Strahlungsheizkörpers (12, 12a, 12b) versenkt sind.
  2. Heizvorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen einzigen Strahlungsheizkörper (12, 12a, 12b) zusammenhängend in der metallischen Karkasse (11) eingesetzt und einschließend das mindestens eine erste Abschirmelement (15) und das mindestens eine zweite Abschirmelement (16) umfasst.
  3. Heizvorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zwei erste Abschirmelemente (15) und ein einziges zweites Abschirmelement (16) umfasst, das zwischen den zwei ersten Abschirmelementen (15) gemäß der Dicke des Strahlungsheizkörpers (12, 12a, 12b) angeordnet ist.
  4. Heizvorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zwei zweite Abschirmelemente (16) und ein einziges erstes Abschirmelement (15) umfasst, das zwischen den zwei zweiten Abschirmelementen (16) gemäß der Dicke des Strahlungsheizkörpers (12, 12a, 12b) angeordnet ist.
  5. Heizvorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen ersten Strahlungsheizkörper (12a) und einen zweiten Strahlungsheizkörper (12b) umfasst, der sich vom ersten Strahlungsheizkörper (12a) unterscheidet, wobei das mindestens eine erste Abschirmelement (15) im Material (17a) des ersten Strahlungsheizkörpers (12a) versenkt ist und das mindestens eine zweite Abschirmelement (16) im Material (17b) des zweiten Strahlungsheizkörpers (12a) versenkt ist.
  6. Heizvorrichtung (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mindestens eine Strahlungsheizkörper (12, 12a, 12b) einen primären Strahlungsheizkörper darstellt, der gegenüber einem sekundären Strahlungskörper (13) angeordnet ist, der derart eingerichtet ist, dass ein aus der metallischen Karkasse (11) austretender Kalorienstrom (F2) bereitgestellt wird.
  7. Heizvorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der sekundäre Strahlungskörper (13) eine zu dem mindestens einen Strahlungsheizkörper (12, 12a, 12b) zeigende Fläche aufweist und mindestens teilweise mit einer absorbierenden Folie (14) bedeckt ist, die imstande ist, den gesamten oder einen Teil des von dem mindestens einen Strahlungsheizkörper (12, 12a, 12b) erzeugten Kalorienstroms (F1) zu absorbieren, wenn das erste Abschirmelement (15) mit elektrischem Wechselstrom versorgt wird und/oder das zweite Abschirmelement (16) mit elektrischem Gleichstrom versorgt wird.
  8. Heizvorrichtung (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Verwaltungseinheit umfasst, die in der metallischen Karkasse (11) untergebracht ist und den Betrieb des mindestens einen ersten Abschirmelements (15) und dessen Versorgung mit elektrischem Wechselstrom und den Betrieb des mindestens einen zweiten Abschirmelements (16) und dessen Versorgung mit elektrischem Gleichstrom in Abhängigkeit von einem vorher festgelegten Strategiealgorithmus steuert, der in einem Speicher der Verwaltungseinheit gespeichert ist.
  9. Elektrische Anlage, umfassend mindestens eine Heizvorrichtung (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, deren mindestens ein erstes Abschirmelement (15) mit einer ersten Wechselspannungsquelle derart elektrisch verbunden ist, dass es von einem elektrischen Wechselstrom versorgt wird und/oder deren mindestens ein zweites Abschirmelement (16) mit einer zweiten Gleichspannungsquelle derart elektrisch verbunden ist, dass es von einem elektrischen Gleichstrom versorgt wird.
  10. Elektrische Anlage nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Wechselspannungsquelle das mindestens eine erste Abschirmelement (15) auf einem ersten Spannungsniveau versorgt und die zweite Gleichspannungsquelle das mindestens eine zweite Abschirmelement (16) auf einem zweiten Spannungsniveau versorgt, das von dem ersten Spannungsniveau strikt unterschiedlich ist.
  11. Elektrische Anlage nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Spannungsniveau dem Spannungsniveau des lokalen Stromnetzes entspricht, insbesondere etwa gleich 220 V, und dass das zweite Spannungsniveau in einem Bereich von 20 V bis 60 V liegt, insbesondere bei etwa gleich 50 V.
EP17817780.4A 2016-11-25 2017-11-23 Elektrische heizkörperheizvorrichtung mit mindestens einem strahlungsheizkörper mit zwei abschirmelementen mit unter wechselstrom und gleichstrom arbeitenden widerstandskörpern Active EP3545726B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1661505A FR3059512B1 (fr) 2016-11-25 2016-11-25 Appareil de chauffage de type radiateur electrique ayant au moins un corps de chauffe rayonnant integrant deux elements blindes a corps resistifs fonctionnant sous courant alternatif et sous courant continu
PCT/FR2017/053229 WO2018096280A1 (fr) 2016-11-25 2017-11-23 Appareil de chauffage de type radiateur électrique ayant au moins un corps de chauffe rayonnant intégrant deux éléments blindés à corps résistifs fonctionnant sous courant alternatif et sous courant continu

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3545726A1 EP3545726A1 (de) 2019-10-02
EP3545726B1 true EP3545726B1 (de) 2020-08-12

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EP17817780.4A Active EP3545726B1 (de) 2016-11-25 2017-11-23 Elektrische heizkörperheizvorrichtung mit mindestens einem strahlungsheizkörper mit zwei abschirmelementen mit unter wechselstrom und gleichstrom arbeitenden widerstandskörpern

Country Status (10)

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US (1) US20200383176A1 (de)
EP (1) EP3545726B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2020513525A (de)
KR (1) KR20190080961A (de)
CN (1) CN109997411A (de)
AU (1) AU2017364275B2 (de)
CA (1) CA3044435C (de)
ES (1) ES2830752T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3059512B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2018096280A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3113719B1 (fr) * 2020-08-26 2022-09-23 Lancey Energy Storage Chauffe-eau électrique instantané comprenant une face avant apte à capter et émettre de la chaleur fatale perdue par la cuve de chauffe et installation
FR3113722B1 (fr) * 2020-08-26 2022-12-16 Lancey Energy Storage Chauffe-eau électrique instantané incluant deux types de résistance de chauffage et installation comprenant un tel chauffe-eau
GB2619116B (en) * 2023-01-14 2024-04-17 Digital Heat Ltd Electric space heater

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FR594994A (fr) * 1925-03-12 1925-09-24 Cie Des Chemins De Fer De Pari Radiateur électrique
GB2240618B (en) * 1990-01-31 1994-09-21 Thermaflex Ltd Electric space heater
FR2701545B1 (fr) * 1993-02-15 1995-04-21 Seb Sa Appareil de chauffage électrique d'épaisseur réduite.
DE102010037005B3 (de) * 2010-08-16 2011-11-03 Alinox Ag Metallplatte mit eingebettetem Heizelement und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
CN105157215A (zh) * 2015-10-13 2015-12-16 山东力诺瑞特新能源有限公司 快速输出热水的超薄节能型电热水器
CN105747896A (zh) * 2016-04-08 2016-07-13 常州格力博有限公司 交流电和电池共用型的电烤炉

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Publication number Publication date
JP2020513525A (ja) 2020-05-14
KR20190080961A (ko) 2019-07-08
FR3059512A1 (fr) 2018-06-01
US20200383176A1 (en) 2020-12-03
ES2830752T3 (es) 2021-06-04
WO2018096280A1 (fr) 2018-05-31
AU2017364275A1 (en) 2019-06-27
EP3545726A1 (de) 2019-10-02
CA3044435A1 (fr) 2018-05-31
AU2017364275B2 (en) 2019-08-15
CA3044435C (fr) 2020-06-30
CN109997411A (zh) 2019-07-09
FR3059512B1 (fr) 2019-01-25

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