EP3540528B1 - Uhr, die ein mechanisches uhrwerk umfasst, dessen ganggenauigkeit durch eine elektronische vorrichtung reguliert wird - Google Patents

Uhr, die ein mechanisches uhrwerk umfasst, dessen ganggenauigkeit durch eine elektronische vorrichtung reguliert wird Download PDF

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EP3540528B1
EP3540528B1 EP18162191.3A EP18162191A EP3540528B1 EP 3540528 B1 EP3540528 B1 EP 3540528B1 EP 18162191 A EP18162191 A EP 18162191A EP 3540528 B1 EP3540528 B1 EP 3540528B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
regulating
pulses
mechanical
electrodes
regulating device
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EP18162191.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3540528A1 (de
Inventor
Laurent Nagy
Alexandre Haemmerli
Lionel TOMBEZ
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Priority to EP18162191.3A priority Critical patent/EP3540528B1/de
Priority to JP2019042361A priority patent/JP6797227B2/ja
Priority to CN201910193381.2A priority patent/CN110275420B/zh
Priority to US16/354,217 priority patent/US11415946B2/en
Publication of EP3540528A1 publication Critical patent/EP3540528A1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/047—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using other coupling means, e.g. electrostrictive, magnetostrictive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/063—Balance construction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/066—Manufacture of the spiral spring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/22—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature
    • G04B17/227—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature composition and manufacture of the material used
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of imbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a timepiece comprising a mechanical movement, provided with a mechanical oscillator which is formed by a balance wheel and a hairspring, and an electronic regulating device for regulating the frequency of the mechanical oscillator which controls the operation of the. mechanical movement.
  • the electronic regulation device comprises an auxiliary oscillator of the electronic type generally more precise than the mechanical oscillator, in particular a quartz oscillator, and a measuring device arranged to be able to measure, if necessary, a time drift of the mechanical oscillator relative to the auxiliary oscillator.
  • the patent application US 2013/0051191 relates to a timepiece comprising a sprung balance and an electronic circuit for regulating the frequency of oscillation of this sprung balance.
  • the hairspring is made of a piezoelectric material or has two side layers of piezoelectric material on a silicon core, two external side electrodes being arranged on the side surfaces of the hairspring. These two electrodes are connected to the electronic regulation circuit which comprises a plurality of switchable capacitors arranged in parallel and connected to the two electrodes of the balance spring.
  • FIG. 1 Using the Figures 1 to 4 , we will describe a timepiece of the type described in the aforementioned US patent application.
  • Figure 1 only the mechanical resonator 2 of the mechanical movement of the timepiece, this resonator comprising a balance 4 oscillating around a geometrical axis 6 and a balance spring 8 whose end curve 10 conventionally passes through a pin 12 integral with a balance bridge (not shown) of the mechanical movement.
  • the Figure 2 schematically shows a portion of the hairspring 8.
  • This hairspring is formed by a central body 14 in silicon, two side layers 16, 18 in piezoelectric material, in particular in aluminum nitride (AIN), and two external metal electrodes 20, 22.
  • the two electrodes are connected by conductive wires 26, 28 (schematic representation) to an electronic regulation circuit 24.
  • the Figure 3 (which reproduces the figure 1 of the previous document considered with some additional information from figures 2 and 7 ) shows the general arrangement of the regulation device 32 which is incorporated in the timepiece in question and in particular the electronic regulation circuit 24.
  • This circuit 24 comprises a first capacitor 34 connected to the two electrodes of the piezoelectric balance spring and a plurality switchable capacitors 36a to 36d which are arranged in parallel with the first capacitor, so as to form a variable capacitor Cv to be able to vary the value of the capacitor connected to the electrodes of the balance spring and thus vary, according to the teaching of the document, the rigidity of the hairspring.
  • Circuit 24 further comprises a comparator 38, the two inputs of which are connected respectively to the two electrodes of the balance spring 8, this comparator being provided to supply a logic signal making it possible to determine, thanks to the successive changes of the logic state of this logic signal, the passages by zero of the voltage induced between the two electrodes of the balance spring.
  • the logic signal is supplied to a logic circuit 40 which also receives a reference signal from a clock circuit 42 associated with a crystal resonator 44. Based on a comparison between the reference signal and the supplied logic signal speak comparator 38, the logic circuit 40 controls the switches of the switchable capacitors 36a to 36d.
  • a full-wave rectifier circuit 46 conventionally formed of a bridge with four diodes, which supplies a direct voltage V DC and charges a storage capacitor 48.
  • This supplied electric energy by the piezoelectric balance spring enables the device 32 to be powered.
  • We therefore have an autonomous electrical system because it is self-powered in the sense that the electrical energy comes from the mechanical energy supplied to the mechanical resonator 2, including the piezoelectric balance spring 8, when the resonator mechanical oscillates, forms an electromechanical transducer (an electric current generator).
  • the electronic regulation circuit 24 can only reduce the oscillation frequency of the mechanical resonator 2 by increasing the value of the variable capacitance C V.
  • This observation is confirmed by the graph of the Figure 4 which shows the curve 50 giving the operating deviation as a function of the value of the variable capacitance C V. It is in fact observed that the operating deviation obtained is always less than zero and increases in absolute value when the value of the variable capacitance increases.
  • the regulation system requests that the natural frequency of the mechanical oscillator (frequency in the absence of regulation) be greater than the nominal frequency (reference frequency) of this mechanical oscillator.
  • the present invention aims to provide a timepiece, provided with a mechanical resonator comprising a balance spring formed at least partially from a piezoelectric material and an electronic regulation system associated with the piezoelectric balance spring, which does not have drawbacks of the timepiece of the prior art described above, in particular which can be associated with a mechanical movement the rate of which is initially adjusted optimally, that is to say to the best of its ability.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an electronic regulation system which is discrete and autonomous thanks to the use of a piezoelectric balance spring and which is really complementary to the mechanical movement by making it possible to increase its precision without degrading a optimal initial setting of this mechanical movement.
  • the invention relates to a timepiece comprising a mechanical horological movement, provided with a mechanical oscillator formed by a balance wheel and a hairspring and arranged to clock the rate of the horological movement, and a regulating device for regulating the frequency of the mechanical oscillator, this regulation device comprising an auxiliary time base, formed by an auxiliary oscillator and supplying a signal reference frequency, and a device for measuring a time drift in the operation of the watch movement relative to a reference frequency for the mechanical oscillator which is determined by the auxiliary time base.
  • the hairspring is formed at least partially by a piezoelectric material and by at least two electrodes arranged so as to be able to present between them an induced voltage generated by the material.
  • the two electrodes being electrically connected to the regulation device which is arranged to be able to vary the impedance of the regulation system, formed by the piezoelectric material, said at least two electrodes and the regulating device, as a function of a signal for measuring the time drift supplied by the measuring device.
  • the regulation device is arranged so as to be able to momentarily vary the electrical resistance generated by this regulation device between the two electrodes of the hairspring and to be able to generate temporally separate regulation pulses each consisting of a momentary decrease in this electrical resistance relative to a nominal electrical resistance which is generated by the regulation device between said two electrodes outside the regulation pulses.
  • each of the aforementioned regulation pulses generates a rate deviation for the mechanical movement which is variable as a function of the instant of its start in a half-period of the mechanical oscillator, the characteristic function of this operating deviation relative to the instant when at least one regulation pulse begins respectively in at least one half-period of the mechanical oscillator being negative over a first time zone of this at least one half-period and positive over a second time zone of this at least half a period.
  • the regulation device is arranged to be able to determine whether a time drift measured by the measuring device corresponds to at least a certain advance or to at least a certain delay and to generate at least one regulation pulse with a selectively expected pulse start. , depending on whether the measured time drift corresponds to said at least one certain advance or to said at least one certain delay, in said first time zone or in said second time zone of respectively at least half a period of the mechanical oscillator.
  • the characteristics of the timepiece according to the invention it is therefore possible to correct both an advance and a delay in the rate of a mechanical movement by acting by regulating pulses, each having a limited duration, which vary the resistance between the two electrodes of the hairspring in different time zones of corresponding half-periods depending on whether an advance or a delay has been detected in the course of the mechanical movement.
  • the regulation device comprises a switch arranged between the two electrodes of the hairspring, this switch being controlled by a control circuit which is arranged to momentarily close this switch so as to make it conductive during the regulation pulses. , which then define short-circuit pulses.
  • the timepiece according to the invention comprises, like the timepiece of the prior art described above, a mechanical watch movement provided with a mechanical oscillator formed by a balance wheel and a piezoelectric balance-spring and arranged to clock the movement of the movement watchmaker. Then, the timepiece comprises a regulating device 62, the electrical diagram of which is shown in Figure 5 .
  • This regulation device which is provided to regulate the frequency of the mechanical oscillator, comprises an electronic regulation circuit 52 and an auxiliary time base which is formed by an auxiliary oscillator and which supplies a reference frequency signal to the electronic circuit. regulation.
  • This time base comprises for example a quartz resonator 44 and a clock circuit 42 which supplies the reference frequency signal to a divider having at least two stages DIV1 and DIV2.
  • the piezoelectric hairspring 8 is formed at least partially by a piezoelectric material and by at least two electrodes 20, 22 (see Figures 2 , 5 and 11 ) which are arranged so as to be able to present between them an induced voltage U (t) by said piezoelectric material when the latter is placed under mechanical stress during an oscillation of the mechanical oscillator (see Figure 7 ).
  • the two electrodes are electrically connected to the electronic regulation circuit 52.
  • the electronic regulation circuit comprises a device for measuring a possible temporal drift in the operation of the watch movement relative to a setpoint frequency for the mechanical oscillator which is determined by the auxiliary time base 42,44.
  • the measuring device is formed by a hysteresis comparator 54 whose two inputs are connected to the two electrodes 20, 22 of the piezoelectric balance spring 8. It will be noted that in the example given, the electrode 20 is electrically connected to an input of the comparator 54 via the ground of the regulation device.
  • the hysteresis comparator supplies a digital 'Comp' signal (see Figures 5 and 7 ) whose logic state changes just after each passage of the mechanical oscillator through its neutral position (angular position ⁇ (t) equal to zero), more particularly after each passage through zero of the mechanical resonator forming this mechanical oscillator.
  • the induced voltage U (t) generated by the piezoelectric balance spring is zero during the passage of the mechanical resonator through its neutral position (angular position 'zero'), while it is maximum, for a given load applied between the two electrodes, when the mechanical resonator is in one or the other of its two extreme positions (defining the amplitude of l 'mechanical oscillator respectively on both sides of the neutral position).
  • the 'Comp' signal is supplied, on the one hand, to a first 'Up' input of a bidirectional counter CB forming the measuring device and, on the other hand, to a logic control circuit 56.
  • the bidirectional counter is thus incremented by one for each period of oscillation of the mechanical oscillator. It therefore continuously receives a measurement of the instantaneous oscillation frequency of the mechanical oscillator.
  • the bidirectional counter receives at its second 'Down' input a clock signal S hor supplied by the frequency divider DIV1 and DIV2, this clock signal defining a reference frequency for the mechanical oscillator which is determined by the oscillator auxiliary of the auxiliary time base.
  • the bidirectional counter provides the logic control circuit 56 with a signal corresponding to an error accumulated over time between the oscillation frequency of the mechanical oscillator and the reference frequency, this cumulative error defining the time drift of the mechanical oscillator relative to the auxiliary oscillator.
  • the regulation device is arranged so as to be able to momentarily vary the electrical resistance generated by this regulation device between the two electrodes of the piezoelectric balance spring as a function of a signal for measuring the time drift of the operation of the timepiece which is provided by a device for measuring this time drift.
  • the regulating device is arranged to be able to generate temporally separate regulating pulses and each consisting of a momentary decrease in the aforementioned electrical resistance relative to a nominal electrical resistance which is generated by the regulating device. regulation between the two electrodes outside the regulation pulses.
  • the regulating device 62 comprises a switch 60 arranged between the two electrodes of the hairspring, this switch being controlled by the logic control circuit 56 which is arranged to momentarily close this switch so as to make it conductive during said regulation pulses, which then define short-circuit pulses.
  • the abscissa of the graph of the Figure 6 corresponds to the time interval ⁇ t between the start of the short-circuit pulses in the respective oscillation periods and the start of the half-period considered in these oscillation periods.
  • the operating deviation in seconds per day [s / d] is given as a function of the instant at which the short-circuit pulses begin over a half-period of 100 ms, between two successive passages of the mechanical resonator through its neutral position , during each of the successive oscillation periods.
  • the short-circuit pulses each last 10 ms in the example shown, but this is not limiting.
  • the electronic regulation circuit is designed to be able to determine whether a time drift measured by the measuring device corresponds to at least a certain advance (CB> N1) or to at least a certain delay (CB ⁇ -N2), the state of the bidirectional counter CB being supplied to the logic control circuit 56 by the signal S DT which gives the state of the bidirectional counter.
  • the regulation device is arranged to generate at least one regulation pulse with a selectively scheduled start, depending on whether the measured time drift corresponds to said at least a certain advance or to said at least a certain delay, in the first time zone ZT1 or in said second time zone ZT2 of respectively at least half a period of the mechanical oscillator.
  • a short-circuit pulse of limited duration starting in the first time zone generates a certain delay for the mechanical oscillator (negative phase shift) which can at least partially correct an advance detected in the operation of the timepiece.
  • a short-circuit pulse of limited duration starting in the second time zone generates a certain advance for the mechanical oscillator (positive phase shift) which can at least partially correct a delay detected in the operation of the workpiece. watchmaking.
  • the Figures 9 and 10 show the graph of the induced voltage U (t) between the electrodes of the piezoelectric balance spring during a short-circuit pulse beginning respectively at the instant ti in the first time zone ZT1 of any oscillation period and at the instant t 2 in the second time zone ZT2 of any oscillation period, i.e. respectively before and after a passage of the mechanical oscillator by an extreme position between two successive passages of this mechanical oscillator by its neutral position defining the considered half-period (see Figure 7 ).
  • the regulation pulses each have a duration less than a quarter of the reference period which is equal to the inverse of said reference frequency for the mechanical oscillator.
  • the duration of the regulation pulses is less than or equal to one tenth of a set period. At most one regulation pulse is generated per half-period of the mechanical oscillator and preferably at most one regulation pulse per oscillation period. Then, the regulation device is arranged to generate at least one regulation pulse with a selectively scheduled start, depending on whether the measured time drift corresponds to at least a certain advance or at least a certain delay, in a first interval Int1 located at inside the first time zone ZT1, for which the operating deviation given by said characteristic function 66 is greater, in absolute values, than at least half of a maximum operating deviation of this characteristic function over the first zone time, or in a second interval Int2 located inside the second time zone ZT2 and for which the operating deviation given by the characteristic function is greater than at least half of a maximum operating deviation of this characteristic function on the second time zone.
  • a relatively large effect is ensured during the regulation pulses, in particular during the short-circuit pulses.
  • the hysteresis comparator 54 supplies a 'Comp' signal to the control logic circuit 56, which also receives a signal S DT for measuring the time drift of the mechanical oscillator, and therefore of the timepiece considered.
  • the control logic circuit 56 which also receives a signal S DT for measuring the time drift of the mechanical oscillator, and therefore of the timepiece considered.
  • Each rising edge and each falling edge of the 'Comp' signal indicate that the mechanical resonator has just passed through its neutral position, respectively during two successive half-waves of the mechanical oscillator.
  • the control circuit selectively supplies a control signal S com to a timer 58 which controls a transistor 60 forming the switch by applying a signal D CC thereto . More precisely, the control circuit determines the instant of the start of each short-circuit pulse 88a, 88b by triggering or resetting the timer ('Timer') which makes transistor 60 (switch closed) directly on / on, the timer determining the duration T R of each short-circuit pulse. At the end of each short-circuit pulse, the timer opens the switch again so that the transistor 60 is no longer conducting, that is to say not conducting.
  • the control logic circuit is associated with a time counter CT which makes it possible to measure at least two time intervals ⁇ t 1 and ⁇ t 2 in order to be able to selectively trigger the timer 58 in the first interval Int1 and the second interval Int2 of a half-period, as considered at Figure 6 , depending on whether the control circuit has determined a certain advance or a certain delay, namely a positive or negative time drift, in the operation of the mechanical oscillator. More precisely, when the control circuit detects a falling edge (or alternatively a rising edge) in the 'Comp' signal, it resets ('reset') the counter CT.
  • the control circuit waits for a time interval ⁇ t 1 to activate the timer by a signal S com (1), this timer then generating a signal D CC (1) which turns on the transistor 60 at time t 1 (in the first time zone ZT1, preferably in the first interval Int1) for a duration T R , thus generating a first short-circuit pulse 88a which generates a negative phase shift in the oscillation of the mechanical oscillator (increase of an oscillation period and therefore reduction of the instantaneous frequency).
  • the control circuit waits for a time interval ⁇ t 2 to activate the timer by a signal S com (2), this timer then generating a signal D CC (2) which turns on the transistor 60 at time t 2 (in the second time zone ZT2, preferably in the second interval Int2) also for a duration T R , thus generating a second pulse of short-circuit 88b which generates a positive phase shift in the oscillation of the mechanical oscillator (reduction of an oscillation period / increase of the instantaneous frequency).
  • the algorithm given by the flowchart of the Figure 8 can have various variations.
  • N being an integer greater than one (N> 1).
  • This hairspring 70 shown in cross section, comprises a central body 72 in silicon, a layer of silicon oxide 74 deposited on the surface of the central body so as to thermally compensate the hairspring, a conductive layer 76 deposited on the silicon oxide layer, and a piezoelectric material deposited in the form of a piezoelectric layer 78 on the conductive layer 76.
  • Two electrodes 20a and 22a are arranged on the piezoelectric layer 78 respectively on the two lateral sides of the hairspring (the two electrodes being able to partially cover the lower and upper sides of the hairspring without however joining).
  • the first part 80a and the second part 80b of the piezoelectric layer extending respectively on the two lateral sides of the central body 72 have, by their growth from the conductive layer 76, respective crystallographic structures which are symmetrical with respect to a plane median 84 parallel to these two lateral sides.
  • the piezoelectric layer has two same respective piezoelectric axes 82a, 82b which are perpendicular to the piezoelectric layer and in opposite directions. There is therefore an inversion of the sign of the voltage induced between the internal electrode and each of the two external lateral electrodes for the same mechanical stress.
  • the hairspring contracts or expands from its rest position, there is a reversal of the mechanical stress between the first and second parts 80a and 80b, that is to say that one of these parts is subjected compression while the other of these parts is under tension, and vice versa.
  • the voltages induced in the first and second parts have, along an axis perpendicular to the two lateral sides, the same polarity so that the conductive layer 76 can form one and the same internal electrode which extends on the two lateral sides of the central body 72, this internal electrode not having its own electrical connection with the regulation device.
  • the piezoelectric layer consists of an aluminum nitride crystal formed by a growth of this crystal from the conductive layer 76 (internal electrode) and perpendicular to the latter.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Uhr, umfassend ein mechanisches Uhrwerk, das mit einem mechanischen Oszillator versehen ist, der durch eine Unruh (4) und eine Spiralfeder (8; 70) gebildet ist und dazu vorgesehen ist, den Gang des Uhrwerks zu takten, und eine Regulierungsvorrichtung (62) zum Regeln der Frequenz des mechanischen Oszillators, wobei diese Regulierungsvorrichtung eine Hilfszeitbasis (42, 44), die durch einen Hilfsoszillator gebildet ist und ein Referenzfrequenzsignal liefert, und eine Vorrichtung (54, CB) zum Messen der zeitlichen Gangablenkung des Uhrwerks von einer Sollfrequenz (Shor) für den mechanischen Oszillator, die durch die Hilfszeitbasis bestimmt wird, umfasst, wobei die Spiralfeder zumindest teilweise aus einem piezoelektrischen Material und aus mindestens zwei Elektroden (20, 22; 20a, 22a) gebildet ist, die so angeordnet sind, dass sie zwischen sich eine durch das piezoelektrische Material induzierte Spannung aufweisen können, wenn dieses Letztere bei einer Schwingung des mechanischen Oszillators einer mechanischen Beanspruchung ausgesetzt ist, wobei die beiden Elektroden elektrisch verbunden sind mit der Regulierungsvorrichtung, die dazu vorgesehen ist, die Impedanz des Regulierungssystems, das durch das piezoelektrische Material, die mindestens zwei Elektroden und die Regulierungsvorrichtung gebildet ist, als Funktion eines Messsignals der von der Messvorrichtung gelieferten zeitlichen Ablenkung variieren zu können; dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regulierungsvorrichtung (62) dazu vorgesehen ist, den elektrischen Widerstand, der durch diese Regulierungsvorrichtung zwischen den beiden Elektroden erzeugt wird, momentan variieren zu können, wobei die Regulierungsvorrichtung dazu vorgesehen ist, Regulierungsimpulse (88a, 88b) erzeugen zu können, die zeitlich getrennt sind und jeweils eine momentane Verringerung des elektrischen Widerstandes in Bezug auf einen elektrischen Nennwiderstand zur Folge haben, der durch die Regulierungsvorrichtung zwischen den beiden Elektroden außerhalb der Regulierungsimpulse erzeugt wird, wobei jeder dieser Regulierungsimpulse eine Gangabweichung für das mechanische Werk erzeugt, die abhängig vom Zeitpunkt seines Beginns in einer Halbschwingung des mechanischen Oszillators variabel ist, wobei die charakteristische Funktion (66) der Gangabweichung relativ zu dem Zeitpunkt, zu dem mindestens einer der Regulierungsimpulse in mindestens einer entsprechenden Halbschwingung des mechanischen Oszillators beginnt, in einer ersten Zeitzone (ZT1.1&ZT1.2) der mindestens einen Halbschwingung negativ ist und in einer zweiten Zeitzone (ZT2) der mindestens einen Halbschwingung positiv ist; und dass die Regulierungsvorrichtung dazu vorgesehen ist, bestimmen zu können, ob die von der Messvorrichtung gemessene zeitliche Ablenkung mindestens einem bestimmten Voreilen oder mindestens einem bestimmten Nacheilen entspricht, wobei die Regulierungsvorrichtung dazu vorgesehen ist, mindestens einen der Regulierungsimpulse (88a, 88b) mit einem selektiv vorgesehenen Beginn zu erzeugen, je nachdem, ob die gemessene zeitliche Ablenkung dem mindestens einen bestimmten Voreilen oder dem mindestens einen bestimmten Nacheilen in der ersten Zeitzone oder in der zweiten Zeitzone der entsprechenden mindestens einen Halbschwingung des mechanischen Oszillators entspricht.
  2. Uhr nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regulierungsimpulse (88a, 88b) jeweils eine Dauer (TR) von weniger als ein Viertel der Sollperiode haben, die gleich dem Kehrwert der Sollfrequenz ist.
  3. Uhr nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dauer (TR) der Regulierungsimpulse (88a, 88b) kleiner oder gleich einem Zehntel der Sollperiode ist; und dass die Regulierungsvorrichtung dazu vorgesehen ist, mindestens einen der Regulierungsimpulse mit einem selektiv vorgesehenen Beginn zu erzeugen, je nachdem, ob die gemessene zeitliche Ablenkung dem mindestens einen bestimmten Voreilen oder dem mindestens einen bestimmten Nacheilen in einem ersten Intervall (Int1) innerhalb der ersten Zeitzone (ZT1.1) und für das die durch die charakteristische Funktion gegebene Gangabweichung dem Absolutwert nach zumindest größer als die Hälfte einer maximalen Gangabweichung dieser charakteristischen Funktion in der ersten Zeitzone ist, oder in einem zweiten Intervall (Int2) innerhalb der zweiten Zeitzone (ZT2) und für das die durch die charakteristische Funktion gegebene Gangabweichung zumindest größer als die Hälfte einer maximalen Gangabweichung dieser charakteristischen Funktion in der zweiten Zeitzone ist, entspricht.
  4. Uhr nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regulierungsvorrichtung (62) einen Unterbrecher (60) umfasst, der zwischen den beiden Elektroden (20, 22) der Spiralfeder angeordnet ist, wobei dieser Unterbrecher durch eine Steuerschaltung (56) gesteuert wird, die dazu vorgesehen ist, diesen Unterbrecher während der Regulierungsimpulse momentan zu schließen, derart, dass er durchlässig/leitend gemacht wird, wobei diese Regulierungsimpulse dann Kurzschlussimpulse definieren.
  5. Uhr nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spiralfeder (70) einen zentralen Körper (72) aus Silicium, eine Siliciumoxidschicht (74), die auf der Oberfläche des zentralen Körpers abgeschieden ist, derart, dass die Spiralfeder thermisch ausgeglichen ist, eine leitende Schicht (76), die auf der Siliciumoxidschicht abgeschieden ist, und das piezoelektrische Material, das in Form einer piezoelektrischen Schicht (78) auf der leitenden Schicht abgeschieden ist, umfasst, wobei die beiden Elektroden (20a, 20b) auf der piezoelektrischen Schicht auf der einen bzw. auf der anderen Seitenfläche der Spiralfeder angeordnet sind.
  6. Uhr nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste und der zweite Teil (80a, 80b) der piezoelektrischen Schicht, die sich jeweils auf den beiden Seitenflächen des zentralen Körpers (72) erstrecken, jeweils kristallografische Strukturen aufweisen, die symmetrisch sind in Bezug auf eine mittlere Ebene (84), die zu diesen beiden Seitenflächen parallel ist; und dass die leitende Schicht (76) ein und dieselbe innere Elektrode bildet, die sich auf den beiden Seitenflächen des zentralen Körpers erstreckt, wobei diese innere Elektrode keine eigene elektrische Verbindung mit der Regulierungsvorrichtung aufweist.
  7. Uhr nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die piezoelektrische Schicht (78) aus einem Aluminiumnitrid-Kristall gebildet ist, der durch ein Wachstum dieses Kristalls senkrecht zu der leitenden Schicht (76) und ausgehend von dieser leitenden Schicht gebildet ist.
EP18162191.3A 2018-03-16 2018-03-16 Uhr, die ein mechanisches uhrwerk umfasst, dessen ganggenauigkeit durch eine elektronische vorrichtung reguliert wird Active EP3540528B1 (de)

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EP18162191.3A EP3540528B1 (de) 2018-03-16 2018-03-16 Uhr, die ein mechanisches uhrwerk umfasst, dessen ganggenauigkeit durch eine elektronische vorrichtung reguliert wird
JP2019042361A JP6797227B2 (ja) 2018-03-16 2019-03-08 速度を電子デバイスによって制御する機械式ムーブメントを備える計時器
CN201910193381.2A CN110275420B (zh) 2018-03-16 2019-03-14 包括机械机芯和用于调节该机芯的速率的电子装置的钟表
US16/354,217 US11415946B2 (en) 2018-03-16 2019-03-15 Timepiece comprising a mechanical movement whose rate is regulated by an electronic device

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EP3629103B1 (de) * 2018-09-28 2021-05-12 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Uhr, die ein mechanisches uhrwerk umfasst, dessen ganggenauigkeit durch eine elektronische vorrichtung reguliert wird
EP4099100A1 (de) 2021-06-02 2022-12-07 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Uhrwerk, das mit einem oszillator ausgestattet ist, der eine piezoelektrische spirale enthält
EP4130890B1 (de) 2021-08-04 2024-03-27 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Uhrwerk mit oszillator, der eine piezoelektrische spiralfeder enthält

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CN110275420B (zh) 2020-11-27
CN110275420A (zh) 2019-09-24
JP2019158882A (ja) 2019-09-19
US11415946B2 (en) 2022-08-16
US20190286063A1 (en) 2019-09-19
JP6797227B2 (ja) 2020-12-09

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