EP3538275B1 - Manual metering device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a hand-held metering device, in particular a pipette, with a base body which has a housing in which further components of the hand-held metering device, in particular components of a pipetting mechanism, a discharge mechanism and / or a volume adjustment mechanism of the hand-held metering device, are arranged. Such hand metering devices are known from the prior art in a wide variety of embodiments.

The publications show, for example, different hand metering devices WO 2011/148365 A1 , US 2010/011889 A1 , US 2013/224087 A1 and EP 0 152 120 A2 .

In the event of maintenance or repairs, it may be necessary to replace components of such a hand-held metering device. For this purpose, a convenient dismantling of the manual metering device would be desirable. This is especially true when it comes to a high-quality and therefore comparatively expensive hand-held metering device.

In the case of the hand-held metering devices known from the prior art, dismantling is often not possible without destroying connecting parts or housing parts of the hand-held metering devices.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a hand-held metering device of the type mentioned at the outset, the general handling of which, and in particular its handling during dismantling, is simplified in comparison to the hand-held metering devices known from the prior art.

This object is in a manual metering device of the type mentioned with the means and features of on a such hand-held metering device directed independent claim solved. In the manual dosing device defined at the outset, it is proposed to achieve the object that the manual dosing device comprises a component carrier positioned in the use position in the housing, on which the components are arranged, that the housing has an insertion opening through which the component carrier can be pushed into its use position into the housing , and that the component carrier is fastened within the housing by means of a releasable connection. The connection can be designed in such a way that it can be released from outside the housing.

If the component carrier can be pushed into the housing along a longitudinal axis or a longitudinal central axis of the manual metering device through the insertion opening, the component carrier can be axially secured in its position of use by the releasable connection.

In an expedient embodiment of the hand-held metering device according to the invention, the insertion opening can be arranged at an end of the housing facing away from the head end and thus facing away from the head end. To dismantle the manual dispensing device, the component carrier can be removed from the housing through the insertion opening after the connection has been loosened.

It can be particularly advantageous if the connection with which the component carrier is fastened in its position of use in the interior of the housing is a form-fitting connection. The handling of the hand metering device according to the invention can also be simplified if the aforementioned connection for, in particular, axial securing or fixing of the component carrier within the housing can be established by pushing the component carrier into the housing.

The use of a component carrier has the advantage that, in particular, small components of the hand-held metering device can be preassembled on the component carrier before the individual parts of the hand-held metering device are finally assembled. This can be done before the component carrier is pushed into the interior of the housing. In particular, the handling of small or very small components can thus be simplified, since these do not have to be individually introduced into the comparatively narrow housing of the hand-held metering device. The component carrier of the hand-held metering device according to the invention, which is preassembled with individual components, can thus be pushed into the interior of the housing without great effort through the comparatively large insertion opening.

In particular, if the connection for fastening the component carrier in the housing can be established by plugging the component carrier into the housing, the component carrier can be positioned in the housing and the component carrier fixed in one step.

According to the invention it is further provided that the hand-held metering device has a holder that can be or is arranged in the housing as a connecting element of the connection. With this holder, the component carrier can be fastened in its position of use inserted into the housing and, in particular, axially secured in the removal direction of the component carrier. The special feature of using such a holder is that the housing itself does not have to have any separate fastening elements in order to fix the component carrier within the housing.

It is provided that the holder can be introduced into the housing through a head opening formed in the housing and opposite the insertion opening, in order to bring the holder into its holding position.

When using such a holder, it can be advantageous if the housing has a holder stop. With the aid of this holder stop, an insertion depth of the holder can be limited in the insertion direction and the holder can thus be secured axially within the housing of the hand-held metering device. In addition, the housing can also have a component carrier stop. With this component carrier stop, an insertion depth of the component carrier into the housing of the manual metering device can be limited and the component carrier can thus be axially secured in the insertion direction. The holder stop and the component carrier stop thus prevent the holder and the component carrier from approaching each other at a smaller distance than an, in particular axial, distance between the holder stop and the component carrier stop. In one embodiment of the hand metering device according to the invention, the holder stop and the component carrier stop can be formed on opposite sides of a shoulder present in or on the housing.

The connection can be a snap connection which can be released without being destroyed. This non-destructively releasable, with which the component carrier is fastened inside the housing, can comprise at least one snap element and a counter-snap element designed to correspond to it. The snap element can be, for example, a snap hook or a latching element. The counter-snap element can be, for example, a counter-snap hook or a snap-in recess configured to correspond to the snap-in element.

In one embodiment of the hand metering device according to the invention it is provided that at least one snap element is arranged on the component carrier and at least one counter snap element is arranged either on the housing itself or on a holder that can be pushed into the housing, for example the previously mentioned one. It is also conceivable to reverse the arrangement of snap elements and counter snap elements. It can also be provided that the at least one counter-snap element is arranged on the component carrier and the at least one snap element is arranged on the housing or, in another embodiment of the hand-held metering device according to the invention, on a holder that can be pushed into the housing, for example the previously mentioned holder.

In order to keep the component carrier in its position of use under a certain bias and thus also to secure the detachable connection with the aid of this bias, it can be useful if the manual dosing device, preferably inside the housing, has a restoring element against the restoring force of the component carrier in its position of use can be inserted inside the housing and its restoring force acts on the connection and its elements, in particular on the at least one snap element and the at least one counter snap element, so that the connection is pretensioned.

The restoring element can be, for example, a restoring spring and / or a resilient element that acts on the component carrier and, if a holder as described above is provided, also on the holder. The resilient return element can for example consist of plastic, rubber or synthetic rubber.

In order to be able to comfortably release the connection for fixing the component carrier inside the housing, it can be provided that the housing and / or also the component carrier has / have at least one insertion slot through which a tool for releasing the connection up to a connection point in the housing is insertable. The connection point can be the point at which, for example, the at least one snap element and the at least one counter snap element are locked to one another. To release this latching, with which the connection designed as a releasable snap connection is established, a correspondingly designed tool can then be advanced through the insertion slot as far as the connection point. The use of a special tool is not necessary. In the simplest case, it is sufficient to push a correspondingly slim screwdriver or a blade or a comparable shaft-shaped element through the insertion slot to the connection point in order to release the connection and pull the component carrier out of the housing through the insertion opening against the insertion direction.

In one embodiment of the hand metering device according to the invention, it can be provided that the component carrier has a component carrier base which is arranged adjacent to the insertion opening of the housing when the component carrier is in the use position. This component carrier base can be designed as a component carrier ring. This is particularly useful when the housing of the hand-held metering device has an essentially rotationally symmetrical cross section. From this component carrier base, at least one component carrier arm can then extend in the axial direction. A snap element, for example the aforementioned snap element or a counter snap element, for example the previously mentioned counter-snap element, can be formed on the component carrier arm.

When using a holder, as already described above, it can be useful if this holder has a holder base. If the housing of the hand-held metering device and / or the component carrier have an essentially rotationally symmetrical or round cross-section, it can also be useful here if the holder base is designed as a holder base ring. From this holder base or from this holder base ring, at least one holder arm can extend in the axial direction. In this case, a snap element, for example the previously mentioned, or a counter-snap element, for example the previously mentioned, can be formed on the holder arm.

In the use position of the component carrier within the housing of the hand-held metering device, the snap elements and counter-snap elements arranged on the at least one component carrier arm and on the at least one holder arm can be arranged in a mutually connecting position and the connection established.

The snap element and the counter snap element can each have mutually complementary end bevels. These mutually complementary face bevels can simplify the production of the connection for fixing the component carrier within the housing of the hand-held metering device. This is because the two mutually complementary bevels initially come into contact with one another when the snap element moves relative to the counter snap element. This, in particular axial, movement can be converted into a relative lateral evasive movement of the snap element to the counter snap element or vice versa with the aid of the two mutually complementary bevels. To this In this way, a lateral evasive movement of the snap element relative to the counter snap element which may be necessary for establishing the connection can be generated by pushing the component carrier through the insertion opening into the housing. If the two mutually complementary bevels have slid past one another, the connection between the snap element and the counter snap element closes automatically due to the material-related restoring forces of the two elements.

When using a component support arm and a holder arm, the elasticity of the two arms, which is present due to the length of the two arms, can be used for this purpose.

To fasten a fluid dispensing unit of the hand-held metering device, the component carrier can have a fastening means at its end adjacent to the insertion opening of the housing in the position of use. This fastening means can be designed as a thread matching a mating thread on the fluid delivery unit. The fluid delivery unit can be a so-called piston unit, for example.

Such a piston unit can comprise a pipette shaft in which a dispensing channel with a dispensing opening is formed. A pipette tip, for example, can then be attached to a free shaft end of the pipette shaft, the inner volume of which corresponds to the dispensing opening, that is to say is in pressure connection with it. The piston unit can also comprise a receiving space which is connected to the dispensing channel and which can be designed as a cylinder. When a pipetting mechanism of the hand-held dosing device is actuated, that is to say when a pipetting button is actuated, a piston plunges into this cylinder, which creates an air cushion inside the cylinder repressed. By displacing the air cushion inside the cylinder in the direction of the dispensing channel in the pipette shaft and in the direction of a dispensing opening of the dispensing channel, a volume of liquid from the pipette tip held within a pipette tip attached to the free end of the shaft can be specified. When the piston is withdrawn from the cylinder of the piston unit and the air cushion moves back into the cylinder, a negative pressure is created at the dispensing opening and at the pipette tip, with the aid of which liquid can be drawn into the pipette tip.

Figur 1

eine Seitenansicht einer als Pipette ausgebildeten Handdosiervorrichtung, wobei zu erkennen ist, dass die Pipette ein Oberteil mit einem Gehäuse und einem Griff und ein als Fluidabgabeeinheit ausgebildetes Unterteil aufweist,

Figur 2

eine geschnittene Seitenansicht der in Figur 1 dargestellten Handdosiervorrichtung, wobei ein Bauteilträger der Handdosiervorrichtung im Inneren des Gehäuses zu erkennen ist.

Figur 3

eine Explosionsdarstellung des Gehäuses der in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Handdosiervorrichtung in teilgeschnittener Ansicht, wobei im Inneren des Gehäuses ein Halter mit einem von zwei Halterarmen und unterhalb davon ein Bauteilträger mit daran angeordneten Bauteilen der Handdosiervorrichtung sowie einem von zwei Trägerarmen zu erkennen sind.

Figur 4

eine geschnittene Seitenansicht eines Oberteils einer mit der in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Handdosiervorrichtung vergleichbaren Handdosiervorrichtung, sowie

Figur 5

eine Seitenansicht des in den vorherigen Figuren dargestellten Bauteilträgers in verbundener Gebrauchsstellung mit dem in den vorherigen Figuren ebenfalls dargestellten Halter und mit einem Demontagewerkzeug zum Lösen der Verbindung zwischen dem Halter und dem Bauteilträger, das durch einen an dem Bauteilträger ausgebildeten Schlitz bis nahe an eine Verbindungsstelle zwischen dem Bauteilträger und dem Halter eingeführt ist.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is described in more detail below with reference to the drawing. They show in a partially schematic representation:

Figure 1

a side view of a hand-held dosing device designed as a pipette, it being evident that the pipette has an upper part with a housing and a handle and a lower part designed as a fluid dispensing unit,

Figure 2

a sectional side view of the in Figure 1 hand-held metering device shown, wherein a component carrier of the hand-held metering device can be seen in the interior of the housing.

Figure 3

an exploded view of the housing in the Figures 1 and 2 hand-held metering device shown in a partially sectioned view, wherein a holder with one of two holder arms and below it a component carrier with components of the hand-held metering device arranged thereon and one of two carrier arms can be seen in the interior of the housing.

Figure 4

a sectional side view of an upper part of a with the in the Figures 1 and 2 hand-held metering device shown comparable hand-held metering device, as well as

Figure 5

a side view of the component carrier shown in the previous figures in a connected position of use with the holder also shown in the previous figures and with a disassembly tool for releasing the connection between the holder and the component carrier, which passes through a slot formed on the component carrier to close to a connection point between the component carrier and the holder is inserted.

the Figures 1 and 2 show a hand-held metering device, designated as a whole by 1, which, in the present case, is designed as a pipette 2.

The pipette 2 comprises a base body 3, which is an upper part of the Figures 1 and 2 Hand-held metering device 1 shown forms. The base body 3 has a housing 4 and a component carrier 5 which is positioned in the housing 4 in the position of use. Further components of the manual metering device 1 are arranged on this component carrier 5. These components are components of a pipetting mechanism 6 with a pipetting button 6a, an ejection mechanism 7 with an ejection button 7a and a volume adjustment mechanism 8. The ejection mechanism 7 is triggered by pressing the ejection button 7a. The volume adjustment mechanism 8 can be operated by means of the ejection button 7a to actuate the ejection mechanism 7. In this respect, the release button 7a has a double function.

The housing 4 comprises an insertion opening 10 facing away from a head end 9 of the housing 4, through which the component carrier 5 is pushed into the housing 4 in its position of use. The component carrier 4 is fastened by means of a releasable connection 11 within the housing 4 and secured axially.

The previously mentioned ejection mechanism 7 serves to eject a pipette tip attached to a free shaft end 12 of a pipette shaft 13 of the hand-held dosing device 1, if necessary. For this purpose, a fluid dispensing unit 14, which has a lower part of the in the Figures 1 and 2 The hand-held metering device 1 shown forms an ejector sleeve 15 which can be displaced axially in relation to a longitudinal axis of the pipette shaft 13 in the direction of the free shaft end 12 when the ejector button 7a is actuated.

The connection 11 for fixing the component carrier 5 within the housing 4 is a form-fitting connection. This connection is established by pushing the component carrier 5 through the insertion opening 10 into the housing 4.

The connection 11 is established with the aid of a holder 16 of the manual metering device 1. The holder 16 is arranged in the housing 4 and serves as a connecting element of the connection 11. The holder 16, in its function as a connecting element, enables a flow of force between the component carrier 5 and the housing 4 of the hand-held metering device 1 according to the invention 5 axially secure in its position of use inserted into the housing 4 in the removal direction of the component carrier 5. This means that the component carrier 5, as soon as the connection 11 is established, due to the effect of the holder 16, no longer out of the housing 4 can be pulled out without the connection 11 having been loosened beforehand.

The holder 11 is inserted into the housing 4 through a head opening 17 formed in the housing 4 and arranged opposite the insertion opening 10 and positioned in its holding position.

The housing 4 has a holder stop 18. With this holder stop 18, the holder 16 is axially fixed in the insertion direction. This means that the holder 16 can only be inserted into the housing 4 up to this holder stop 18. The housing 4 also has a component carrier stop 19. Analogous to the function of the holder stop 18, the component carrier stop 19 serves to axially fix the component carrier 5 in the insertion direction and to axially limit an insertion depth of the component carrier 5 in the housing 4. The holder stop 18 and the component carrier stop 19 are formed on opposite sides of a shoulder 44 in the interior of the housing 4. The component carrier stop 19 is only indirectly loaded axially by the component carrier 5. This takes place via the resetting element 24 and a pressure piece 45 which is connected to the holder 16.

The connection 11 is a non-destructive detachable snap connection. This snap connection, which can be released non-destructively, has at least one snap element 20 and one counter snap element 22. The snap element 20 is designed as a snap hook 21 and the counter snap element 22 as a counter snap hook 23.

The at least one snap element 20 is arranged on the component carrier 5 and the at least one counter-snap element 22 is arranged on the holder 16 that can be pushed into the housing 4. The hand dosing device also has a restoring element 24. This restoring element 24 is arranged inside the housing 4. According to the sectional view of the hand-held metering device 1 from Figure 2 the restoring element 24 is an elastic plastic part. In the embodiment of the hand metering device 1 according to Figure 4 this return element 24 is designed as a return spring. Depending on the embodiment of the manual metering device 1, the restoring element 24 can thus be, for example, a resilient element, in particular a resilient plastic element or a resetting spring.

The component carrier 5 can be pushed into its position of use within the housing 4 against the restoring force of the restoring element 24. The connection 11, with which the component carrier 5 is held in its position of use within the housing 4, can thus be pre-tensioned and is pre-tensioned when the connection is established.

The housing 4 and above all the component carrier 5 have at least one insertion slot 25. A tool 26 (cf. Figure 5 ) to loosen the connection 11 are introduced into the area of a connection point 27 in the housing 4.

The component carrier 5 has a component carrier base 28 which is arranged adjacent to the insertion opening 10 of the housing 4 in the position of use of the component carrier 5. In the exemplary embodiment of the hand-held metering device 1 shown in the figures, this component carrier base 28 is designed as a component carrier ring. From the component carrier base 28, a total of two component carrier arms 29 extend in the axial direction. A snap element 20 is formed on each of the component carrier arms 29. The holder 16 comprises a holder base 30, here as a holder base ring is trained. Similar to the component carrier base 28, two holder arms 31 also extend from the holder base 30 in the axial direction, a counter-snap element 23 being formed on each of the two holder arms 31.

In particular Figure 5 shows clearly that the snap element 20 and the counter snap element 22 each have end bevels 32 which are complementary to one another. The bevels 32 allow the snap elements 20 and counter-snap elements 22 to slide laterally past one another when they are moved towards one another and contact one another at the bevels 32.

The bevels 32 thus serve to convert an axial insertion movement of the component carrier 5 into the housing 4 into a lateral or lateral evasive movement of the snap elements 22 relative to the counter snap elements 24. This lateral or lateral evasive movement then favors the snapping in or production of the connection 11 designed as a snap connection.

In addition, the bevel 32 on the front side of the counter-snap element 22 formed on the holder arm 31 serves as an engagement surface for the previously mentioned tool 26. This tool 26 has a corresponding or complementary tool bevel 33 on its front side.

The component carrier 5 has, at its end 34 adjacent to the insertion opening 10 of the housing 4 in the position of use, a fastening means 35 for fastening the fluid dispensing unit 14. The fastening means 35 is designed as a thread and interacts with a corresponding mating thread 36 of the fluid dispensing unit 14 in order to connect the fluid dispensing unit 14 to the base body 3 and the housing 4.

The fluid delivery unit 14 is designed as a so-called piston unit. This piston unit comprises the pipette shaft 13 already mentioned above, onto the free shaft end 12 of which a pipette tip, which is not shown separately in the figures, can be plugged. The pipette shaft 13 is surrounded by the ejector sleeve 15, which was also mentioned above and which can be ejected from the free end of the shaft 12 by means of the ejector button 7a and the ejector mechanism 7. A dispensing channel 37 is formed within the pipette shaft 13, which opens into a dispensing opening 38 on the one hand and into a cylinder 39 formed within the fluid dispensing unit 14 on the other hand.

A piston 40 is displaceably arranged within the cylinder 39. The piston 40 is connected to a spindle 41 of the pipetting mechanism 6. When the pipetting button 6a is actuated, the spindle 41 is pushed axially downward, whereby the piston 40 is pushed into the cylinder 39 and an air cushion located in the cylinder is displaced in the direction of the dispensing channel 37 and the dispensing opening 38 of the pipette shaft 13. As a result, a volume of liquid held in a pipette tip placed on the free shaft end 12 of the pipette shaft 13 can be expressed and dispensed.

The spindle 41 is also part of the volume adjustment mechanism 8, which can be controlled via the ejector button 7a. By screwing in or unscrewing the spindle 41 into or out of a spindle sleeve 42, the insertion depth of the piston 40 into the cylinder 39 and thus the volume to be pipetted can be changed.

According to Figure 3 the hand metering device according to the invention is connected to a volume display 43. On this volume display 43 the volume preset with the aid of the volume adjustment mechanism 8 is displayed on the pipette 2.

It should be mentioned that the component carrier 5 has two component carrier arms 29 which lie opposite one another and are offset from one another on the component carrier base 28. For this purpose, the holder 16 has two holder arms 31 which are arranged on the holder base 30 in an analogous offset to one another. This allows a uniform introduction of force from the component carrier 5 via the connection point 27 and the connection 11 closed there to the holder 16 and from there to the housing 4 of the hand-held metering device 1.

For the simplified dismantling of the hand-held metering device 1, the hand-held metering device 1 is proposed, which comprises the component carrier 5. In its position of use, this component carrier 5 can be pushed or plugged into the housing 4 through the insertion opening 10 formed in the housing 4. For the releasable fastening of the component carrier 5 in its position of use within the housing 4, the connection 11, in particular from the outside, is provided.

List of reference symbols

1

Hand dosing device

2

pipette

3

Base body

4th

casing

5

Component carrier

6th

Pipetting mechanism

6a

Pipette button

7th

Ejection mechanism

7a

Ejection button / volume adjustment button

8th

Volume adjustment mechanism

9

Head end of 3rd

10

Insertion opening

11th

link

12th

free shaft end

13th

Pipette shaft

14th

Fluid delivery unit

15th

Ejector sleeve

16

holder

17th

Head opening

18th

Holder stop

19th

Component carrier stop

20th

Snap element

21

Snap hook

22nd

Counter snap element

23

Counter snap hooks

24

Reset element

25th

Insertion slot

26th

tool

27

Liaison

28

Component carrier base

29

Component carrier arm

30th

Holder base

31

Holder arm

32

Bevels at 20, 22

33

Tool bevel at 26

34

End of 5th

35

Fasteners on 5

36

Counter thread on 14

37

Delivery channel

38

Dispensing opening

39

cylinder

40

Pistons

41

spindle

42

Spindle sleeve

43

Volume display

44

shoulder

45

Pressure piece

Claims (11)

1. Manual metering device (1), in particular pipette (2), having a main body (3), which has a housing (4), in which further components, in particular components of a pipetting mechanism (6), of an ejecting mechanism (7) and/or of a volume-adjustment mechanism (8), of the manual metering device (1) are arranged, wherein the manual metering device (1) comprises a component carrier (5), which in the use position is positioned in the housing (4) and on which the components are arranged, wherein the housing (4) has an insertion opening (10), through which the component carrier (5) can be pushed into its use position in the housing (4), and wherein the component carrier (5) is fastened within the housing (4) by means of a releasable connection (11), characterized in that the manual metering device (1) has a holder (16) forming the connecting element of the connection (11), which holder can be, or is, arranged in the housing (4) and by means of which the component carrier (5) in its use position, in which it has been inserted into the housing (4), is secured, wherein the holder (16) can be introduced into the housing (4) through a head opening (17), which is formed in the housing (4) and which is located opposite the insertion opening (10).
2. Manual metering device (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the connection (11) can be established in a form-fitting manner and/or by virtue of the component carrier (5) being pushed into the housing (4).
3. Manual metering device (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, by means of the holder (16), the component carrier (5) in its use position, in which it has been inserted into the housing (4), is secured in the removal direction of the component carrier (5).
4. Manual metering device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (4) has a holder stop (18), which delimits a depth to which the holder (16) can be inserted into the housing (4), and a component-carrier stop (19), which delimits a depth to which the component carrier (5) can be inserted into the housing (4).
5. Manual metering device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection (11) is a snap-fit connection which can be released in a non-destructive manner and which comprises at least one snap-fit element (20) and a mating snap-fit element (22).
6. Manual metering device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the manual metering device (1) has a restoring element (24), counter to the restoring force of which the component carrier (5) can be pushed into its use position within the housing (4), and therefore the connection (11) which retains the component carrier (5) in its use position can be, or is, preloaded.
7. Manual metering device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (4) and/or the component carrier (5) have/has at least one introduction slot (25), through which a tool (26) can be introduced into the housing (4), up to a connecting location (27), in order to release the connection (11).
8. Manual metering device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component carrier (5) has a component-carrier base (28), which in the use position of the component carrier (5) is arranged adjacent to the insertion opening (10) of the housing (4) and from which at least one component-carrier arm (29) extends in the axial direction, wherein a snap-fit element (20) or a mating snap-fit element (22) is formed on the component-carrier arm (29).
9. Manual metering device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holder (16) has a holder base (30), from which at least one holder arm (31) extends in the axial direction, wherein a snap-fit element (20) or a mating snap-fit element (22) is formed on the holder arm (31).
10. Manual metering device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a or the snap-fit element (21) and a or the mating snap-fit element (23) each have end-side slopes (32) which complement one another.
11. Manual metering device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, at its end (34) which in the use position is adjacent to the insertion opening (10) of the housing (4), the component carrier (5) has a fastening means (35) for fastening a fluid-dispensing unit (14).

Images