EP3535521B1 - Mehrkammer-verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten verbrennung von feststoff- und biomassebrennstoffen - Google Patents

Mehrkammer-verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten verbrennung von feststoff- und biomassebrennstoffen Download PDF

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EP3535521B1
EP3535521B1 EP16805542.4A EP16805542A EP3535521B1 EP 3535521 B1 EP3535521 B1 EP 3535521B1 EP 16805542 A EP16805542 A EP 16805542A EP 3535521 B1 EP3535521 B1 EP 3535521B1
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combustion
division
turbulent
incinerator
combustion chamber
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3535521A1 (de
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Hayri DEMIREL
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
    • F23B80/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel by means for guiding the flow of flue gases, e.g. baffles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B40/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber
    • F23B40/04—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber the fuel being fed from below through an opening in the fuel-supporting surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/12—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel being fed to the combustion zone by free fall or by sliding along inclined surfaces, e.g. from a conveyor terminating above the fuel bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B70/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means returning solid combustion residues to the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
    • F23M9/06—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields in fire-boxes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multi chamber incinerator for turbulent two-stage combustion of fuel, such as coal or biomass fuel, with increased efficiency and low emission.
  • Second cause is the incomplete oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, which both lowers the overall efficiency of the incinerator and causes emission of harmful carbon monoxide into the atmosphere.
  • fly ash that is released to the atmosphere along with flue gas, which requires the use of scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators or other filtering devices in order to comply with air pollution standards.
  • Strict emission standards also limit the amount of carbon monoxide, NO x and SO x , all of which are byproducts of coal combustion that is allowable to be released into the atmosphere. To comply with this, it is imperative that complete combustion is achieved.
  • WO 2008/148648 A1 discloses a turbulent combustion incinerator comprising a main combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber.
  • the incinerator comprises a heat collecting dome and a heat collecting plate.
  • the dome creates a first and a second division of the secondary combustion chamber.
  • the plate separates the main combustion chamber from the secondary combustion chamber.
  • the present invention aims to improve on the problems described in the prior art.
  • the invention makes use of two-stage double cyclone turbulent combustion in order to achieve improved efficiency and low emission values.
  • First stage of combustion takes place in the main combustion chamber where fuel is fed onto a grate, from the openings of which oxygen enriched air is blown upwards. Burning fuel particles are suspended by turbulence and carbon is oxidized to carbon monoxide. These combustion gases are transferred to the second combustion chamber where second stage combustion takes place. Due to the shape of the second combustion chamber, turbulent flow of gases occurs which provides improved mixing of combustion gases and air. In the second stage carbon monoxide is oxidized to carbon dioxide, with very low NO x produced.
  • the multi chamber incinerator is suitable for burning solid fuels with lower calorific content, such as lignite, as well as biomass fuel, or a combination thereof.
  • the present invention can be used in any application requiring heat transfer, such as industrial or domestic-type heating (boilers) and power generation.
  • the present invention provides a multi chamber incinerator for turbulent combustion of fuel as provided by the features defined in Claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is to provide multi chamber incinerator for complete turbulent two-stage combustion of fuel with increased efficiency and low emission.
  • FIG 1 illustrates a turbulent combustion incinerator (10).
  • Turbulent combustion incinerator (10) consists of a two-stage double cyclone turbulent combustion system. The first stage takes place in the main combustion chamber (11), where solid or biomass fuel is burned. The second stage takes place in the secondary combustion chamber (12) where components of combustion gases, such as CO are combusted completely.
  • Inside surface of turbulent combustion incinerator (10) is of refractory material (14) and the outside is insulated by ceramic fiber wool (13) to prevent loss of heat.
  • the present invention can be used in a variety of applications that require heat transfer, such as boilers and power generation.
  • Harvest of heat energy from the turbulent combustion incinerator may occur via a jacket or pipes placed in the outside walls of the turbulent combustion incinerator where desired fluid can flow, or some other heat exchange method can be used.
  • Fuel such as lignite or biomass, is fed into the system from above by fuel hopper (15).
  • the fuel is transferred along the fuel hopper (15) by fuel transfer auger (17) driven by fuel feeder motor (16) and mechanically borne by ball bearing (19).
  • Fuel hopper is attached to the main body of the turbulent combustion incinerator by support element (18). From the top, fuel is transferred directly to the main combustion chamber (11) via fuel feed pipe (20) and fuel feed inlet (21).
  • Fuel feed inlet (21) is made of ceramic material resistant to temperatures above 1200°C and is preferably insulated from fuel feed pipe (20).
  • Secondary combustion chamber (12) will be described in more detail hereinbelow.
  • fuel entering the main combustion chamber (11) from above via fuel feed inlet (21) is met with air flowing from below via grate holes (29) of the grate (28).
  • Air is supplied to the main combustion chamber (11) from air blower (30) via the air transport pipe (31).
  • Fuel is evenly distributed across grate (28) by rotatable sweeper (24), rotated by sweeper motor (27) to ensure more efficient combustion.
  • Bottom ash produced by combustion is collected by ash collection cone (34) and removed by ash transfer auger (35) with counter-weight cover (36) which disposes of bottom ash when a certain weight of ash is reached. Due to the turbulent flow within turbulent combustion incinerator (10), ash produced by combustion is flung towards the walls of turbulent combustion incinerator (10) and is transferred to ash collection cone (34) by gravity, thereby reducing particulate matter (PM) emissions.
  • PM particulate matter
  • Combustion gases, fly ash and other volatiles resulting from combustion are passed through the dome openings (23) around the heat collecting dome (22) to the secondary combustion chamber (12), where the second stage combustion of CO occurs.
  • Completely combusted flue gas is collected by gas acceleration nozzle (32) and released into the atmosphere, or transferred for further processing, such as scrubbing, filtering and/or electrostatic precipitation, via funnel pipe bend (33).
  • FIG. 2 illustrates secondary combustion chamber (12) in detail.
  • Secondary combustion chamber (12) comprises heat collecting dome (22), fuel feed inlet (20) and gas acceleration nozzle (32). Inside surface of secondary combustion chamber (12) is of refractory material. Secondary combustion chamber (12) is where second stage combustion occurs. Uncombusted air and flue gas enter into secondary combustion chamber (12) from main combustion chamber (13) via dome openings (23). The higher volume of secondary combustion chamber (12) allows CO and other gases to expand and combust more freely.
  • the outer surface of fuel feed inlet (20) and the lateral and concave top surface of secondary combustion chamber (12) allow formation of double cyclone turbulent air flow inside secondary combustion chamber (12) for more efficient combustion of CO. Completely combusted flue leaves secondary combustion chamber (12) through gas acceleration nozzle (32) and is released into the atmosphere, or transferred for further processing, such as scrubbing, filtering and/or electrostatic precipitation, via funnel pipe bend (33).
  • FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of turbulent combustion incinerator (10').
  • heat collecting dome (22) contains dome channels (37).
  • Dome channels (37) are aligned to provide air flow that is focused towards the part of fuel feed inlet (21) that is beneath gas acceleration nozzle (32), meaning the angle of dome channels (37) gets more acute radially, so that air flow is tangentially diverted from the outer surface of the fuel feed inlet (21).
  • Concave structure of the top of secondary combustion chamber (12) diverts air flow back towards heat collecting dome (22), creating a double cyclone turbulent flow of air and combustion gases coming from main combustion chamber (11), thereby expediting further oxidation of combustion gases such as CO.
  • FIG 4 illustrates another embodiment of turbulent combustion incinerator (10").
  • the numerals assigned to each part remain unchanged. Those that are changed are denoted by an apostrophe, such as fuel hopper (15').
  • the fuel is fed from the bottom of turbulent combustion incinerator (10') by fuel hopper (15').
  • the fuel is transferred along the fuel feed pipe (20') by fuel transfer auger (17') driven by fuel feeder motor (16').
  • Fuel is fed directly into grate (28) from the bottom by elbow-shaped fuel feed inlet (21').
  • fuel feed pipe (20') is placed eccentrically to grate (28).
  • combustion gases, fly ash and other volatiles resulting from combustion are passed through the dome openings (23) and dome channels (37) to the secondary combustion chamber (12), where the second stage combustion of CO occurs.
  • Turbulent flow is obtained via tangential air flow along concave top surface of secondary combustion chamber (12).
  • Completely combusted flue gas is collected by gas acceleration nozzle (32) and released into the atmosphere, or transferred for further processing, such as scrubbing, filtering and/or electrostatic precipitation, via funnel pipe bend (33).
  • Figure 5 illustrates the inventive turbulent combustion incinerator (100).
  • the secondary combustion chamber (12) is divided into two sections: first division (12a) and second division (12b) of secondary combustion chamber (12) which are concave shaped at the top and at the bottom. 50% of total air feed is supplied to the main combustion chamber (11) via the air transport pipe (31) and the remaining 50% is supplied to the secondary combustion chamber (12) via transport pipe (31').
  • First division (12a) of secondary combustion chamber (12) and main combustion chamber (11) are separated by first heat collecting dome (22a).
  • first dome channels (37a) which provide tangential flow along the walls of first division (12a) and fuel feed inlet (21) leading to double cyclone turbulent flow within first division (12a), and also by gas flow channels (38).
  • First division (12a) and second division (12b) of secondary combustion chamber (12) are separated by second heat collecting dome (22b).
  • second dome channels (37b) which provide tangential flow along the walls of second division (12b) of secondary combustion chamber (12) and fuel feed inlet (21) leading to double cyclone turbulent flow within second division (12b), and also by gas flow channels (38). Additionally, as mentioned above, 50% of total air feed is supplied to the second division (12b) to ensure complete combustion.
  • a fraction of flue gas is recirculated into secondary combustion chamber (12) via recirculation pipe (39).
  • Recirculation flue gas lowers the overall oxygen content by dilution.
  • the temperature of combustion gases decreases as well. Both these effects lead to reduction of formation of NO x .
  • the fuel is fed from the bottom of turbulent combustion incinerator (10"') by fuel hopper (15') as mentioned above.
  • FIG 6 illustrates another alternative embodiment of turbulent combustion incinerator (100').
  • the bottom ash collected by ash cone (34) is recycled in to the feed stream by fuel recycle system (40).
  • a fraction of bottom ash transferred by ash transfer auger (35') is fed into fuel feed pipe (20'), so that unburnt fuel contained within can be added to fresh fuel feed.
  • the remaining bottom ash is removed via counter-weight cover (36').
  • this embodiment comprises sweeper motor (27') on top of funnel pipe bend (33).
  • the invention proposes a turbulent combustion incinerator (100,100') with said main combustion chamber (11) in flow communication with the first division (12a) being separated by the first heat collecting dome (22a) and said first division (12a) in flow communication with said second division (12b) being separated by a second heat collecting dome (22b).
  • said first heat collecting dome (22a) facing the first division (12a) is concave shaped.
  • said first division (12a) is configured as a substantially toroidal volume.
  • said first heat collecting dome (22a) comprises first dome channels (37a), each one aligned to provide air flow focused towards the longitudinally central axis of said turbulent combustion incinerator (10) so as to effectuate flow of combustion gases from main combustion chamber (11) to said first division (12a) and tangential diversion of air flow within said first division (12a) to provide double cyclone turbulent flow therein.
  • gas flow channels (38) are provided between inner walls of said turbulent combustion incinerator (10) and the first heat collecting dome (22a) to allow flow of combustion gases from main combustion chamber (11) to said first division (12a) and second division (12b) .
  • said second heat collecting dome (22b) comprises second dome channels (37b), each one aligned to provide air flow focused towards the longitudinally central axis of said turbulent combustion incinerator (10) so as to effectuate flow of combustion gases from first division (12a) to said second division (12b) and tangential diversion of air flow within said second division (12b) to provide double cyclone turbulent flow therein.
  • said second heat collecting dome (22b) facing the first division (12a) is concave shaped.
  • gas flow channels (38) are provided between inner walls of said turbulent combustion incinerator (10) and the second heat collecting dome (22b) to allow flow of combustion gases from the first division (12a) to the second division (12b).
  • the turbulent combustion incinerator (10) comprises an air transport pipe (31) and a further air transport pipe (31') respectively supplying 50% of total air feed to the main combustion chamber (11) and the remaining 50% to the secondary combustion chamber (12).
  • the remaining 50% of total air feed is either supplied to the first division (12a) or to the second division (12b).
  • a fraction of flue gas is recirculated into said secondary combustion chamber (12) via a recirculation pipe (39).
  • first and second dome channels (37a, 37b), with respect to horizontal plane is gradually decreased in the radial direction.
  • two-staged combustion is effectuated such that combustion of solid or biomass fuel takes place in said main combustion chamber (11) and combustion of carbon monoxide and other flue gases takes place in said secondary combustion chamber (12).
  • inner surface of said turbulent combustion incinerator (10) is of refractory material (14) and the outside is insulated by ceramic fiber wool (13).
  • bottom ash produced by combustion is collected by ash collection cone (34).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (100, 100') aufweisend eine primäre Brennkammer (11) und eine sekundäre Brennkammer (12) zur turbulenten Verbrennung von Brennstoffen,
    wobei die Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung darüber hinaus eine erste Wärmespeicherkuppel (22a) und eine zweite Wärmespeicherkuppel (22b) aufweist, die sekundäre Brennkammer einen ersten Bereich (12a) und einen zweiten Bereich (12b) aufweist und,
    die mit dem ersten Bereich (12a) fluidverbundene primäre Brennkammer (11) davon durch die erste Wärmespeicherkuppel (22a) getrennt ist und
    der mit dem zweiten Bereich (12b) fluidverbundene erste Bereich (12a) davon durch den zweiten Wärmespeicherkuppel (22b) getrennt ist.
  2. Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (10) gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dem ersten Bereich (12a) zugewandte erste Wärmespeicherkuppel (22a) konkav geformt ist.
  3. Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (10) gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Bereich (12a) im Wesentlichen als ein ringförmiges Volumen konfiguriert ist.
  4. Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (10) gemäß Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Wärmespeicherkuppel (22a) erste Kuppelkanäle (37a) aufweist, wovon jeder ausgerichtet ist um eine in Richtung der zentralen Längsachse der Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (10) fokussierte Luftströmung bereitzustellen, sodass eine Strömung von Verbrennungsgasen aus der primäre Brennkammer (11) in den ersten Bereich (12a) und eine tangentiale Ablenkung der Luftströmung innerhalb des ersten Bereichs (12a) bewirkt wird, um darin eine turbulente Doppelzyklonströmung zu veranlassen.
  5. Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (10) gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen den Innenwänden der Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (10) und der ersten Wärmespeicherkuppel (22a) Gasströmungskanäle (38) vorgesehen sind um eine Strömung von Verbrennungsgasen aus der primäre Brennkammer (11) in den ersten Bereich (12a) und in den zweiten Bereich (12b) zu ermöglichen.
  6. Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (10) gemäß Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Wärmespeicherkuppel (22b) zweite Kuppelkanäle (37b) aufweist, wovon jeder ausgerichtet ist um eine in Richtung der zentralen Längsachse der Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (10) fokussierte Luftströmung bereitzustellen, sodass eine Strömung von Verbrennungsgasen aus dem ersten Bereich (12a) in den zweiten Bereich (12b) und eine tangentiale Ablenkung der Luftströmung innerhalb des zweiten Bereichs (12b) bewirkt wird, um darin eine turbulente Doppelzyklonströmung zu veranlassen.
  7. Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (10) gemäß Anspruch 1, 2, 3 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dem ersten Bereich (12a) zugewandte zweite Wärmespeicherkuppel (22b) konkav geformt ist.
  8. Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (10) gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen den Innenwänden der Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (10) und der zweiten Wärmespeicherkuppel (22b) Gasströmungskanäle (38) vorgesehen sind, um eine Strömung von Verbrennungsgasen aus dem ersten Bereich (12a) in den zweiten Bereich (12b) zu ermöglichen.
  9. Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (10) gemäß irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (10) eine Rohrleitung für Luft (31) und eine weitere Rohrleitung für Luft (31') aufweist die jeweils konfiguriert sind um 50% der gesamten Luftversorgung in die primäre Brennkammer (11) und die restliche 50% in die sekundäre Brennkammer (12) zuzuleiten.
  10. Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (10) gemäß Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die restliche 50% der gesamten Luftversorgung wahlweise in den ersten Bereich (12a) oder in den zweiten Bereich (12b) zugeleitet wird.
  11. Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (10) gemäß irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie weiterhin eine Rückführleitung (39) aufweist um einen Anteil des Rauchgases in die sekundäre Brennkammer (12) zurückzuführen.
  12. Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (10) gemäß Anspruch 4 und 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Neigung der ersten und der zweiten Kuppelkanäle (37a, 37b) in Bezug auf die horizontale Ebene in der radialen Richtung stufenweise kleiner wird.
  13. Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (10) gemäß irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie konfiguriert ist um eine zweistufige Verbrennung zu bewirken, sodass die Verbrennung von Feststoffen oder von Biomassebrennstoffen im Hauptbrennkammer (11) stattfindet und die Verbrennung von Kohlenmonoxid und anderen Rauchgasen in der sekundären Brennkammer (12) stattfindet.
  14. Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (10) gemäß irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die innere Oberfläche der Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (10) aus feuerfestem Material (14) ist und die Außenseite durch keramische Wollfaser (13) isoliert ist.
  15. Verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten Verbrennung (10) gemäß irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie weiterhin einen Aschenauffangkonus (34) aufweist, um die bei der Verbrennung entstehende Asche aufzufangen.
EP16805542.4A 2016-10-03 2016-10-03 Mehrkammer-verbrennungsanlage zur turbulenten verbrennung von feststoff- und biomassebrennstoffen Active EP3535521B1 (de)

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CN111947131A (zh) * 2019-05-15 2020-11-17 埃尔微尘科技（北京）有限公司 一种燃烧装置

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US5299532A (en) 1992-11-13 1994-04-05 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed combustion system and method having multiple furnace and recycle sections
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ITMN20070023A1 (it) * 2007-06-04 2008-12-05 Unical A G S P A Caldaia a combustibile solido a tiraggio naturale
KR20100001731A (ko) * 2008-06-27 2010-01-06 박영선 연소장치
TR201005272A2 (tr) 2010-06-29 2011-10-21 Fai̇k Özyaman Şenol Katı yakıtları uçucu gazları ile birlikte yakma özelliğine haiz bir katı yakıt ünitesi.
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