EP3526904A1 - Système de communication dans un réseau électrique - Google Patents

Système de communication dans un réseau électrique

Info

Publication number
EP3526904A1
EP3526904A1 EP17784624.3A EP17784624A EP3526904A1 EP 3526904 A1 EP3526904 A1 EP 3526904A1 EP 17784624 A EP17784624 A EP 17784624A EP 3526904 A1 EP3526904 A1 EP 3526904A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current
communication
conversion device
communication system
power conversion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17784624.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Rehtanz
Christoph Aldejohann
Thomas WOHLFAHRT
Jonas Maasmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technische Universitaet Dortmund
Original Assignee
Technische Universitaet Dortmund
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technische Universitaet Dortmund filed Critical Technische Universitaet Dortmund
Publication of EP3526904A1 publication Critical patent/EP3526904A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5404—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines
    • H04B2203/5416—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines by adding signals to the wave form of the power source

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a communication system.
  • Control systems in smart home and smart grid applications include a variety of tasks. They may include simple lighting controls to enhance comfort, but also more complex energy management systems to avoid overloading individual line outlets or transformer stations, to the integration of storage systems to provide network services.
  • OCPP Open Charge Point Protocol
  • the local network stations are usually not connected. In some cases, station buses with IEC 61850 are used.
  • the Smart Meter Gateway is to provide an interface with which local switchable devices (CLS) can be controlled.
  • CLS local switchable devices
  • a form of communication between the vehicle and the charging station is defined in the IEC61851 and IS0151 18 protocols.
  • a connection to backend systems or smart meter systems, however, is not defined.
  • a secure connection of smart meters is not yet done.
  • the energy meter is thus unable to allocate the consumption of a stored mobile consumer to this.
  • the assignment must be made via a separate module.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a current transformer according to embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a stream with a message according to embodiments of the invention in time and frequency space
  • FIG. 3 PFC circuit extended by a message modulator
  • FIG. 5 Block diagram of the message coupling with coupling of the message by amount
  • Fig. 6 block diagram of the coupling of a message signal in the measured variables of the feedback of the control loop with compensation of the rectifier modulation.
  • the invention will be illustrated in more detail with reference to the figure. It should be noted that various aspects are described, which can be used individually or in combination. That is, any aspect may be used with different embodiments of the invention unless explicitly illustrated as a pure alternative.
  • the invention allows an improved networking of the participants with each other, so that even cross-system tasks can be managed by decentralized controls.
  • the invention can be used in particular in a system and method according to the publication DE 10 2014 008 222 A1, which is hereby incorporated explicitly as part of the application.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a power conversion device.
  • power conversion devices according to the invention include both consumers and generators, such as e.g. Inverter, can be.
  • the communication system according to the invention is to be understood in relation to a power supply network.
  • the communication system has at least two communication partners, whereby the term communication is not limited to two-way communication, but also includes the sending of messages in one direction only (unidirectional communication as in DE 10 2014 008 222 A1).
  • the communication system according to the invention has at least one control device and at least one power conversion device.
  • the power supply network also serves the communication between the at least one power conversion device and the control unit.
  • the current is modulated, wherein the modulated current signal is superimposed on a current to / from the power conversion device.
  • the current between the load and the control device is usually a consumption current.
  • the power conversion device is a generator, then the current between the power source and the control device is usually a supply current.
  • the invention makes use of the fact that the power grid is already available as a communication medium. That It does not require expensive reinstallation of communication infrastructure. But this also allows a "plug'n'play” functionality, which offers a low entry threshold, so that the system is user-friendly.
  • a control message may be generated by a power electronic circuit and provided as a modulated current signal.
  • existing elements can be controlled accordingly.
  • the message can be introduced via a reference variable and / or a feedback variable in an existing control loop.
  • such a staggered bottleneck management can be realized at the local network station level up to individual cable outlets in buildings.
  • At the local network station level it is also possible to aggregate and control the storage and load-shifting potentials of individual consumers; within buildings, intelligent home controllers can be set up.
  • the control systems required for this purpose can use the tree structure of the energy networks; by placing them at network nodes, the respective subordinate consumers are managed.
  • a control at the local network station level can manage the system services, while another controller within the building installation can take over the home control and the utilization of individual cable outlets can be monitored by separate controllers.
  • the control systems in the network nodes may each require a unique identification of the subordinate consumers for coupling.
  • the approach presented here provides for identification and localization of a subscriber of the communication system via a current-modulated signal (power message) which is fed into the power grid.
  • the power converter immediately after connecting a power converter to the power grid, the power converter sends an (initialization) message, e.g. with coupling information.
  • This (initialization) message may e.g. include a specific network address, a public key for connection protection, device properties, etc.
  • control systems along the direct path from the CT to the controller receive the message, i. the example of a consumer in the direction of the local network station.
  • the coupling information can be used eg for a (further) bidirectional control channel via radio or (narrowband) powerline communication (PLC).
  • the device can now become a member of the system controlled by the control device.
  • the subsequent control of the current transformers can take place (exclusively) via the bidirectional channel.
  • the modulation of the current is realized by a device selected from the group comprising Power Factor Correction, inverters.
  • That the generation of the messages, in particular the (initialization) message can e.g. via the power electronics of the (consumer) devices.
  • the power electronics in a consumer usually works with active components, such as the charging rectifier in an electric vehicle.
  • This power electronics is also able to draw or feed a current not equal to the grid frequency from the power grid.
  • the power electronics enable a modulation of the absorbed current.
  • the transmitting unit also couples the message signal into the power grid - however, one crucial difference is the nature of the signal - PLC signals are multi-carrier voltage signals - another difference is the transmit frequency used.
  • the transmit frequency used which is typically between 150 kHz (narrow band PLC) and 68 MHz in PLC systems, while the frequency of the modulated current signal is 20 kHz and less.
  • Another difference is that PLC systems only evaluate voltage signals, but not current signals.
  • the invention makes use of the fact that the network impedance of the power supply network is highly frequency-dependent. For example, in the field of energy transmission (50 Hz), the network impedance is particularly low, with increasing frequency this increases disproportionately.
  • the unidirectional current message in the communication system according to the invention preferably uses particularly low carrier frequency, approximately in a range of 200 Hz to 3 kHz, since in this range the network impedance is typically in a range of 0.1 -0.5 ⁇ .
  • the line impedance in the frequency range of 150 kHz (narrowband powerline) up to 68 MHz reaches values between 8 ⁇ and 500 ⁇ .
  • the propagation characteristics depend strongly on the network impedance.
  • the lowest impedance value is usually reached at a frequency of 0 Hz. As the frequency increases, so does the impedance.
  • the exact frequency response depends on the resources, which each have frequency-dependent impedances and may have some resonance points.
  • the current message receives a unidirectional propagation characteristic and can essentially only be measured along the path from the transmitting unit in the direction of the local network station (local network transformer).
  • the current message along the current path can be measured.
  • the signal of the stream message is not or not easily measured.
  • the choice of the carrier frequency of the current message also has a significant influence on the noise immunity, the propagation characteristics and the transmission rate.
  • the carrier frequencies should therefore not coincide with odd harmonics of the line frequency but use frequencies between two odd harmonics. Particularly suitable as carrier frequencies are harmonics and interharmonics.
  • the frequencies of ripple control systems are to be avoided. More modern systems use frequencies in the range of 1 10 Hz to 500 Hz, but in some cases even frequencies from older systems up to 3 kHz are used. Further causes of interharmonics lie in active switches in converter systems. However, the switching frequencies are usually above the hearing threshold of 20 kHz and thus the most pronounced harmonics.
  • the modulation method used according to the invention uses at least one carrier frequency and the receiver can check whether the carrier signal is present or not and / or evaluate the signal. Likewise, more complex modulation scheme applicable as amplitude, frequency or phase modulations and a combination of the individual modulation methods such as a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).
  • QAM quadrature amplitude modulation
  • a higher data rate may e.g. be achieved by the use of multiple carrier frequencies and the use of a larger bandwidth, which is not limited to the carrier frequency.
  • a frequency division multiplexing technique may be constructed via Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • the carrier frequency of 630 Hz was chosen by way of example. This is an intermediate harmonic that is not at a ripple control frequency and is therefore inferior to only minor spurs. Since no high demands are placed on the data rate, carrier frequencies below 3 kHz are sufficient. However, higher frequencies can also be used. The propagation characteristics are very favorable for this application, as shown above. It is also possible to use frequencies other than carriers which are within this range and take into account the above-mentioned influences.
  • the current modulated message can be generated by conventional switched mode power supplies as shown in FIG. 1, which typically include power factor correction (PFC).
  • PFC power factor correction
  • the actual goal of this circuit is to generate a sinusoidal current consumption from the grid.
  • the structure of this circuit can be done by different circuit topologies, which are selected and dimensioned depending on the application and performance class.
  • PFC circuits in switched-mode power supplies are used in particular for device power ratings from 75 W to meet the normative requirements for harmonic limits (EN 61000-3-2).
  • harmonic limits EN 61000-3-2
  • limit values exist independently of the power range, so that even at low power levels, PFC circuits are increasingly being used to increase the power factor and reduce the harmonic load.
  • the PFC circuit receives a sinusoidal function as the default for the current setpoint and converts this on the line side. This is done by a pulse width modulated (PWM) high-frequency control (20 kHz ... 250 kHz) of the switching elements.
  • PWM pulse width modulated
  • the superposition of the higher-frequency message signal can thus be easily integrated. An additional circuit complexity is usually not required.
  • the principle can be transferred to almost all converter systems which have an implemented current control.
  • an integration of the method into (photovoltaic) inverters or chargers for electric vehicles is possible without any changes in circuit technology. Only the control must be supplemented by the generation of the current-modulated message and imprinting on the setpoint.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically the implementation of the message generation in a cascaded control loop.
  • the circuit-based basis represents an initially arbitrarily constructed PFC topology, in which the switch can be addressed directly via the PWM control of the network-side input current profile of the circuit.
  • the mains voltage UAC, the line current c and the output voltage of the circuit UDC, which usually represents the controlled variable, are detected by measurement.
  • the manipulated variable represents the PWM function, via which the input current of the circuit can be controlled directly. Because of this relationship, power electronic circuits are usually implemented with current regulation as a fast inner loop. This can be superimposed on any controller, such as an output voltage control.
  • the reference variable of the current regulator is formed by two functions.
  • is used to generate a desired current waveform which is sinusoidal and in phase with the mains voltage.
  • This curve is additionally weighted with the output of the voltage regulator to obtain the amplitude of the current consumption.
  • the voltage regulator compares the output voltage with the default and adjusts the amplitude of the current set by the subordinate current regulator accordingly. By adapting this current regulation, the additional generation of the current-modulated message can be supplemented (dashed marked region in FIG. 1).
  • the command value of the current controller then consists of the addition of the 50 Hz component, which is used for the active power transmission, and the 630 Hz component of the current-modulated message.
  • the coupling of the current message can also take place via the U-regulating circuit or the measuring circuit of U and I sensors.
  • FIG. 2 shows the input current profile and the associated spectrum of a typical bidirectional PFC circuit (bridge circuit) with exclusively adapted control for generating the current-modulated messages. Both over time and in the spectrum, the impressed 630 Hz component can be clearly recognized.
  • FIG 3 the extended control loop of the PFC is shown. This supplements a usual control circuit, which will be explained first.
  • the voltage regulation gets a predetermined reference value I cret for the DC output voltage UDC
  • the actual quantity UDC is measured and from the difference of the two variables, a control deviation eu can be determined.
  • the measurement of I cret can be filtered via a low pass TP to smooth the voltage ripple of the output voltage.
  • the control deviation eu can furthermore be supplied to a proportional-term integrator.
  • the tracking of the sinusoidal mains voltage UN takes place in the current controller.
  • the phase position ⁇ of the mains voltage can be determined via a phase locked loop (PLL) and added to the current reference value f via a multiplication block X.
  • the current command variable thus becomes sinusoidal.
  • the amount of the tracking mains voltage sin ⁇ is formed for the reference variable, since the input voltage of the PFC UB2 was also the amount of the mains voltage formed by the rectification.
  • the control deviation ei is formed again from the difference of the target variable with the actual variable k.
  • the actual size L is e.g. determined via a measurement of the coil current.
  • a downstream regulator e.g. Pl-member (Proportional Integrator), forms the control variable a from the control deviation ei.
  • a PWM module can generate from the duty cycle a direct switching signal for the switch S of the PFC.
  • the data sequence s n (t) is supplied in the extended control loop to a modulator which generates the modulation signal according to any modulation method.
  • the modulation signal is impressed on the current setpoint (addition element) and fed to the current control loop.
  • the carrier frequency fs of the modulation can be synchronized with the mains voltage by means of the reconstructed phase angle ⁇ . Synchronization at this point is optional, but helps to provide more complex modulation techniques such as QAM modulation and OFDM directly with a phase reference formed by the line frequency.
  • the demodulator on the receiver side thus receives a well to be reconstructed reference signal.
  • the network frequency ⁇ N as a reference source is specified by the European Transmission System Operator Association (ENTSO-E) via the EN50160 standard to an accuracy of +/- 0.2 ⁇ Hz in normal operation, thus providing a very accurate reference signal.
  • the product is formed from the reconstructed phase ⁇ and the desired size fs, normalized to fN.
  • a modulo operation with 2pi generates the phase reference signal for the modulator.
  • the existing technical structure of the PFC control loop does not need to be adapted further.
  • the imprint of the message takes place via the current control loop.
  • the use of a phase locked loop (PLL) to synchronize the load current with the line voltage is just one of many possible solutions used in PFC and power electronic circuits.
  • the coupling into the current regulation can also be done in other topologies. Also a coupling via the voltage control or in the direct control of the valves is possible.
  • the output current of the PFC is determined by the control loop.
  • the current loop is supplied with the reconstructed AC mains voltage via a multiplication block.
  • the amount of the mains voltage is supplied.
  • the signal is modulated by f N on the AC or DC side. If the addition of the message takes place before the magnitude is formed, then the signal without modulation is visible on the AC side, the modulated spectra can be seen on the DC side. This case is shown schematically in FIG.
  • the current message can also be integrated into the PFC control loop by coupling the signal into the feedback branch.
  • PFC control loops implemented in integrated circuits (ICs) can be used.
  • the signal addition takes place in this variant, however, after the amount formation.
  • the modulation appears exactly on the other side of the rectifier bridge, as shown in FIG.
  • two carrier frequencies f S i and fs 2 can be selected, which have a distance of 2 f N to the desired signal frequency f s (shown in Fig. 6).
  • the measured value acquisition for controlling the input current takes place by measuring the input current.
  • the current measurement is carried out either via a shunt or via an inductive measured value acquisition.
  • the analog value is fed to the current control loop analog or digitalized.
  • the difference between the setpoint and the actual value gives the control deviation, which affects the input current.
  • a current-modulated signal can now take place via an inductive or capacitive coupling into the measuring circuit and thus has the same influence as an addition of the current message in the reference signal. It is thus possible that an existing PFC circuit is supplemented by the current modulator in terms of hardware.
  • the PFC design changes only slightly with this coupling method.
  • the mentioned Power Factor Correction is usually already part of any power electronic circuit with powers> 75W and is e.g. in PCs, chargers e.g. used by electric vehicles, consumer electronics, etc. Analogously, however, this technique is also used in bidirectional inverters, such as PV inverters or battery storage systems, low-power power supplies with PFC function such as single-stage flyback circuits or circuit topologies with upstream step-up or step down converter. Again, the invention may find application in the same way.
  • the frequency of the modulated current signal is at least twice the frequency of the current to / from the power conversion device.
  • the at least one power conversion device itself is a control device, which control device in turn is part of a further communication system according to one of the preceding claims.
  • control devices for example, information from certain (subsequent) consumers can collect and provide a prepended control device available.
  • Multiple controllers along the current path CT Transmitter Station can receive coupling information and couple with current transformers.
  • the tree topology of the power grid is used. At the top is the local network station, from which the lines branch off via the house connection points to the consumers.
  • Control devices can be placed in nodes such as individual line outlets and meter points such as smart meters. Control units can couple with all lower-level current transformers. As a result, several control levels are possible, for example ⁇ bottleneck management at the network connection point level and at the line leaving level
  • the communication system further comprises at least one further power conversion device, wherein the communication system provides communication between the control device and the first and the further power conversion device in the form of a point-to-multipoint communication. This is a typical situation in an arrangement where communication takes place from one power source to a plurality of loads.
  • the communication system further comprises at least one further power conversion device, wherein the communication system provides communication between the first power conversion device and the further power conversion device in the form of a point-to-point communication.
  • the communication system provides communication between the first power conversion device and the further power conversion device in the form of a point-to-point communication.
  • the communication comprises at least one of data relating to bottleneck management, energy management, billing, resource properties, communication channel, encryption, etc. That is to say, with the invention, networking of many individual subscribers similar to the Internet of Things is made available on the power network by exploiting the properties of the power network, which allows state information to be collected and control tasks to be taken over by management systems.
  • a coupling of the device to be controlled with a controller is necessary so that information is exchanged only between the terminal and the controller and terminals in outbuildings are not mistakenly part of their own control.
  • the tree structure of the power grid can help to automatically couple these devices with controllers and at the same time to ensure the connection security through the automated transmission of a public key.
  • the communication can also be encrypted.
  • Tasks of the control devices can be:
  • Energy management systems aggregate mobile and stationary resource properties, such as State of charge (SoC), max. Charging power, desired timetable for charging an electric vehicle (EV) or stationary storage in a building.
  • SoC State of charge
  • EV electric vehicle
  • Billing systems Allocation of mobile loads to smart meter systems.
  • Controller can be placed in local network station and forward the optimal configuration to resources. Even mobile consumers like EVs can be configured
  • Lamp logs in the first connection to controller of a room and a house. Control of features such as on and off, brightness and color
  • Controllers can be placed in nodes such as individual line outlets and meter points such as smart meters. Controller can only pair with all subordinate consumers. This allows multiple controller levels: e.g.
  • Bottleneck management at the network connection point level and at the cable exit level Local congestion management (voltage maintenance, overload %) requires knowledge of the location and identification of the controllable units

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de communication dans un réseau électrique, comprenant au moins un appareil de commande et au moins un appareil de conversion de courant, le réseau électrique servant également à la communication entre le ou les appareils de conversion de courant et l'appareil de commande, le courant étant modulé pour la communication entre le ou les appareils de conversion de courant et l'appareil de commande. Le signal de courant modulé est superposé à un courant appliqué à ou provenant de l'appareil de conversion de courant, la modulation étant réalisée par un dispositif choisi dans le groupe comprenant des onduleurs à correction du facteur de puissance.
EP17784624.3A 2016-10-12 2017-10-12 Système de communication dans un réseau électrique Withdrawn EP3526904A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016119409.3A DE102016119409A1 (de) 2016-10-12 2016-10-12 Kommunikationssystem
PCT/EP2017/076008 WO2018069424A1 (fr) 2016-10-12 2017-10-12 Système de communication dans un réseau électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3526904A1 true EP3526904A1 (fr) 2019-08-21

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EP17784624.3A Withdrawn EP3526904A1 (fr) 2016-10-12 2017-10-12 Système de communication dans un réseau électrique

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EP (1) EP3526904A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102016119409A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018069424A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018132979A1 (de) 2018-12-19 2020-06-25 Emonvia GmbH Abgesichertes und intelligentes Betreiben einer Ladeinfrastruktur
CN111697568A (zh) * 2020-05-23 2020-09-22 浙江巨磁智能技术有限公司 一种集成于acdc电源模组的功率信息传递方法
CN112994419B (zh) * 2021-02-26 2022-07-08 浙江大学 一种脉冲宽度调制和正交频分复用调制的复合调制方法

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AUPQ865900A0 (en) * 2000-07-07 2000-08-03 Cleansun Pty Ltd Power line communications method
US7205749B2 (en) * 2005-02-28 2007-04-17 Texas Instruments Incorporated Power line communication using power factor correction circuits
ITMI20060487A1 (it) * 2006-03-17 2007-09-18 St Microelectronics Srl Apparato di trasmissione di segnali digitali su una linea di alimentazione di dispositivi elettronici e relativo metodo
DE102008018393A1 (de) * 2008-04-11 2009-10-15 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Lichtquelle, Lichtquelle und Netzteil
DE102010031230A1 (de) * 2010-03-19 2011-09-22 Tridonic Ag Modulares LED-Beleuchtungssystem mit internem Bus
DE102013220965A1 (de) * 2013-10-16 2015-04-16 Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Kommunikation in einem Beleuchtungssystem
DE102014008222B4 (de) 2014-06-11 2019-07-04 Technische Universität Dortmund Verfahren zur Bereitstellung energieabnahmespezifischer Information
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DE102016119409A1 (de) 2018-04-12
WO2018069424A1 (fr) 2018-04-19

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