EP3516178B1 - Plant and method having a thermal power plant and a process compressor - Google Patents

Plant and method having a thermal power plant and a process compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3516178B1
EP3516178B1 EP17761043.3A EP17761043A EP3516178B1 EP 3516178 B1 EP3516178 B1 EP 3516178B1 EP 17761043 A EP17761043 A EP 17761043A EP 3516178 B1 EP3516178 B1 EP 3516178B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
process fluid
cooling
compressor
plant
boiler
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EP17761043.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3516178A1 (en
Inventor
Marcel HUSMANN
Arne Herbert LIENAU
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Siemens AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/40—Use of two or more feed-water heaters in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
    • F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/5826—Cooling at least part of the working fluid in a heat exchanger

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is to improve the efficiency of an arrangement of the type defined in the introduction.
  • the decisive advantage of the invention compared to the conventional arrangements or methods for operating arrangements which provide for driving a multi-stage process compressor by means of a thermal power plant is that the waste heat from the compression process of the thermal power plant is supplied as useful heat and, accordingly, that for the operation of the thermal power plant required energy can be reduced.
  • the direct mechanical coupling of the thermal power plant for the transfer of technical work to the compressor has the additional advantage with the additional thermodynamic connection according to the invention between the cooling, intercoolers or the aftercooler of the compressor and the preheaters in front of the boiler of the thermal power plant that the compressor with increasing performance requirements also generates an increased waste heat in cooling, which also leads to an increased possible useful heat for the operation of the driving thermal power plant.
  • the process compressor according to the invention is generally any one-stage or multi-stage compressor with corresponding cooling between the individual compression stages or an aftercooler.
  • the compression stages can be understood to mean individual impellers or also several impellers arranged directly one behind the other.
  • the compressor can basically be a radial compressor or an axial compressor or a mixed arrangement deal with radial compressor stages and axial compressor stages.
  • Particularly preferred is the design of the multi-stage compressor as a gear compressor, in which a central gear drives a plurality of compressor drive pinion shafts that carry the impellers of compressor stages.
  • a plurality of compressor stages, preferably radial compressor stages is provided on a gearbox, preferably also mechanically fastened or supported there.
  • the thermal power plant is a cycle process, also known as the Clausius-Rankine cycle.
  • This is usually a so-called steam turbine as a turbine and the process fluid is usually water or water vapor.
  • the process fluid is usually water or water vapor.
  • another, in particular an organic, liquid can be used instead of water, so that the operating temperature field of the process changes as a result of the changed process fluid.
  • thermodynamic connection between at least one cooling of the process compressor and at least one preheater of the thermal power plant is preferably accompanied by a combination of this cooling with the preheater.
  • the combination has the particular advantage that no further process fluid has to be used to transfer the thermal energy between the preheater and the cooling.
  • the cooling of the second process fluid which is combined with the preheater of the thermal power plant, can directly transfer the waste heat as useful heat to the first process fluid.
  • the first process fluid is particularly suitable for absorbing the waste heat from the second process fluid in the cooling or the preheater.
  • the invention is also advantageously used in a thermal power plant which already has a plurality of preheaters operated with taps of the turbine for the first process fluid or, in the case of the turbine operated with steam, the feed water for the boiler.
  • the tapping amount of the first process fluid from the turbine can expediently be reduced because part of the preheating is already carried out with the waste heat from the cooling of the process compressor. Accordingly, the turbine generates a higher technical output, so that the boiler manages with a lower energy input or firing.
  • the system has a cooling line with a cooling fluid guided by the cooling line, the cooling line being connected to at least one cooling of the process compressor.
  • This cooling fluid supply can be combined with the cooling fluid supply of the thermal power plant, which has a not inconsiderable cooling fluid consumption in the condenser, so that the corresponding supply of cooling fluid for cooling the process compressor can be connected there.
  • a control unit is particularly expediently provided, which is connected to control processes in the cooling fluid lines and in particular in the exchange lines between the thermal power plant and the process compressor. In particular during unsteady processes, for example during the start-up of the entire arrangement, it is expedient if the individual system components are not necessarily dependent on one another with regard to cooling or preheating, but also function largely independently of one another.
  • FIGS. 1 , 2nd each show schematically illustrated flow diagrams of the system A according to the invention or methods which illustrate the thermodynamic relationships.
  • the reference numerals used in the figures are identical for components with the same function, and the description of the figures relates to both figures, unless stated otherwise.
  • a system A comprises a thermal power plant WKA and a multi-stage process compressor MSC.
  • the thermal power plant WKA in turn comprises a pump PMP, a boiler BOI, a turbine TRB with an output shaft SD1 and a condenser CND.
  • the turbine can advantageously also have two output ends - that is, a double output.
  • the BOI boiler is either operated with the waste heat from another process or is fired using a fossil fuel. This energy supply is called FUL.
  • the BOI boiler evaporates and overheats the first process fluid PF1, which circulates in the elements of the thermal power plant WKA that are connected in a fluid-conducting manner.
  • the turbine TRB is preferably a steam turbine and the first process fluid PF1 is preferably water or water vapor.
  • the overheated water vapor flowing out in the BOI boiler is expanded in the turbine TRB and then reaches the condenser CND, where the expanded steam condenses to liquid and is then pumped up to the boiler pressure by means of the pump PMP.
  • the condenser CND is supplied with cooling fluid CLF by means of a cooling line COL. This is preferably water that is either removed from a natural heat sink and returned to it heated, or water that is removed or supplied to an at least partially artificial heat sink.
  • the process compressor MSC has one or more stages ST1, ..., STn, in which a second process fluid PF2 compresses becomes.
  • three stages ST1, ST2, ST3 are provided.
  • the process compressor also has a plurality of cooling systems IC1,..., ICn or intermediate cooling systems or an aftercooler, a first cooling system IC1, a second cooling system IC2 and a third cooling system IC3 being provided in the specific example.
  • the third cooling IC3 is also a "cooling", even if there is no further compression stage ST1,..., STn to compress the second process fluid PF2 following this third cooling IC3. It is crucial that waste heat is removed from the compression process by means of cooling.
  • the cooling systems IC1,..., ICn have connections to the cooling line COL in order to be supplied with cooling fluid CLF by the latter.
  • the same cooling line COL is particularly advantageously provided for supplying the cooling systems IC1,..., ICn with cooling fluid CLF as for the condenser CND.
  • the process compressor MSC has an input shaft SD2, which is coupled by means of a clutch CPL to an output shaft SD1 of the turbine TRB of the thermal power plant WKA.
  • a transmission can also be provided, which causes the turbine speed to be geared up or down to the process compressor MSC.
  • the thermal power plant WKA has a preheater PH1, ..., PHn in the flow of the first process fluid PF1 between the pump PMP and the boiler BOI (see in particular Figure 2 ) by means of which a preheating flow PRF is fed to the process fluid.
  • FIG. 1 there is a connection between the circuit of the thermal power plant WKA of the first process fluid PF1 and the second cooling IC2 by means of an exchange line FCC, which provides a supply of the first process fluid PF1 to the cooling IC2 and a discharge back into the circuit of the thermal power plant WKA.
  • the first process fluid PF1 absorbs and guides waste heat from the second cooling IC2 it to the cycle of the WKA thermal power plant as useful heat.
  • less energy FUL must be supplied to the BOI boiler.
  • the cooling of the process compressor MSC consumes less cooling fluid CLF in total.
  • the turbine TRB has a first tap TB1 and a second tap TB2.
  • the two taps TB1, TB2 supply a third preheater PH3 or a second preheater PH2 corresponding amounts of heat, which result in a higher inlet temperature into the boiler BOI of the first process fluid PF1.
  • the disadvantage here is that not all of the first process fluid PF1 supplied to the turbine TRB until it exits the turbine TRB provides for the production of technical work.
  • the exchange line FCC already described is provided behind the pump PMP in the circuit of the first process fluid PF1, by means of which waste heat from the process compressor is supplied as useful heat to the thermal power plant WKA.
  • the systems A are particularly advantageous Figures 1 , 2nd , a control unit CON.
  • At least the exchange line FCC or the cooling line COL are further equipped with control elements CV1, ..., CV4, which are connected to the control unit CON.
  • the control unit CON Control elements CV1, ..., CV4 adjusted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anlage gemäß Anspruch 1 mit einer Wärmekraftanlage und einem ein- oder mehrstufigen Prozessverdichter, und ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei die Wärmekraftanlage umfasst:

  • Pumpe,
  • Kessel,
  • Turbine mit mindestens einer Abtriebswelle,
  • Kondensator,
wobei ein erstes Prozessfluid in den miteinander fluidleitend verbundenen Elementen Pumpe, Kessel, Turbine, Kondensator zirkuliert, wobei der Prozessverdichter mehrere Stufen aufweist, in denen ein zweites Prozessfluid verdichtet wird, wobei mindestens eine Kühlung stromabwärts einer Prozessstufe oder zwischen zwei Prozessstufen vorgesehen ist, mittels derer dem zweiten Prozessfluid mindestens ein erster Wärmestrom entzogen wird, wobei der Prozessverdichter eine Antriebswelle aufweist, wobei die Abtriebswelle mechanisch mit der Antriebswelle gekoppelt ist, so dass die Turbine den Prozessverdichter antreibt.
Daneben betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Anlage der eingangs definierten Art.
Aus der WO 2008/031810 oder der WO 2010/069759 oder der WO 2010/142574 oder der EP2578817 A2 oder der US2005/0235625 A1 sind bereits Anordnungen bekannt, bei denen Turbomaschinen, unter anderem Dampfturbinen, als Antrieb für Verdichter bzw. Verdichteranlagen bzw. mehrstufige Verdichter verwendet werden. Bei all diesen Anordnungsentwürfen ist der Wirkungsgrad der gesamten Anordnung stets von großer Bedeutung. Die Verdichtung eines Prozessfluids, beispielsweise die Verdichtung von Luft, Erdgas oder Kohlendioxid ist im realen Prozess stets verlustbehaftet, wobei die Minimierung dieser Verluste im Fokus der Bemühungen der Wirkungsgraderhöhung stehen.The invention relates to a system according to claim 1 with a thermal power plant and a single or multi-stage process compressor, and a method according to claim 5, wherein the thermal power plant comprises:
  • Pump,
  • Boiler,
  • Turbine with at least one output shaft,
  • Capacitor,
wherein a first process fluid circulates in the elements fluidly connected to each other pump, boiler, turbine, condenser, the process compressor having several stages in which a second process fluid is compressed, at least one cooling being provided downstream of a process stage or between two process stages, by means of which at least a first heat flow is withdrawn from the second process fluid, the process compressor having a drive shaft, the output shaft being mechanically coupled to the drive shaft, so that the turbine drives the process compressor.
In addition, the invention relates to a method for operating a system of the type defined in the introduction.
From the WO 2008/031810 or the WO 2010/069759 or the WO 2010/142574 or the EP2578817 A2 or the US2005 / 0235625 A1 Arrangements are already known in which turbomachines, including steam turbines, are used as drives for compressors or compressor systems or multi-stage compressors. With all of these arrangement designs, the efficiency of the entire arrangement is always of great importance. The compression of a process fluid, for example the compression of air, natural gas or carbon dioxide, is always lossy in the real process, the minimization of these losses being the focus of the efforts to increase the efficiency.

Die Erfindung hat es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, eine Anordnung der eingangs definierten Art im Wirkungsgrad zu verbessern.The object of the invention is to improve the efficiency of an arrangement of the type defined in the introduction.

Zur Lösung der erfindungsgemäßen Aufgabe wird vorgeschlagen, eine Anordnung der eingangs definierten Art mit den zusätzlichen Merkmalen des Kennzeichens des unabhängigen Vorrichtungsanspruchs weiterzubilden. Daneben wird zur Lösung ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer solchen Anordnung gemäß dem unabhängigen Verfahrensanspruch vorgeschlagen. Die jeweils rückbezogenen Unteransprüche beinhalten vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.To achieve the object of the invention, it is proposed to develop an arrangement of the type defined in the introduction with the additional features of the characterizing part of the independent device claim. In addition, a method for operating such an arrangement according to the independent method claim is proposed for the solution. The respective dependent claims contain advantageous developments of the invention.

Der entscheidende Vorteil der Erfindung gegenüber den herkömmlichen Anordnungen bzw. Verfahren zum Betrieb von Anordnungen, die den Antrieb eines mehrstufigen Prozessverdichters mittels einer Wärmekraftanlage vorsehen liegt darin, dass die Abwärme aus dem Verdichtungsprozess der Wärmekraftanlage als Nutzwärme zugeführt wird und dementsprechend die für den Betrieb der Wärmekraftanlage erforderliche Energie verringert werden kann. Die direkte mechanische Kopplung der Wärmekraftanlage zur Übertragung technischer Arbeit auf den Verdichter hat mit der zusätzlichen erfindungsgemäßen thermodynamischen Verbindung zwischen den Kühlungen, Zwischenkühlern oder dem Nachkühler des Verdichters einerseits und den Vorwärmern vor dem Kessel der Wärmekraftanlage andererseits den zusätzlichen Vorteil, dass der Verdichter mit steigender Leistungsanforderung auch eine erhöhte Abwärme in Kühlungen erzeugt, die damit auch zu einer vergrößerten möglichen Nutzwärme für den Betrieb der antreibenden Wärmekraftanlage führt.The decisive advantage of the invention compared to the conventional arrangements or methods for operating arrangements which provide for driving a multi-stage process compressor by means of a thermal power plant is that the waste heat from the compression process of the thermal power plant is supplied as useful heat and, accordingly, that for the operation of the thermal power plant required energy can be reduced. The direct mechanical coupling of the thermal power plant for the transfer of technical work to the compressor has the additional advantage with the additional thermodynamic connection according to the invention between the cooling, intercoolers or the aftercooler of the compressor and the preheaters in front of the boiler of the thermal power plant that the compressor with increasing performance requirements also generates an increased waste heat in cooling, which also leads to an increased possible useful heat for the operation of the driving thermal power plant.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Prozessverdichter handelt es sich in der Regel um einen beliebigen ein- oder mehrstufigen Verdichter mit entsprechenden Kühlungen zwischen den einzelnen Verdichtungsstufen oder einem Nachkühler. Unter den Verdichtungsstufen können einzelne Laufräder verstanden werden oder auch mehrere direkt hintereinander angeordnete Laufräder. Bei dem Verdichter kann es sich grundsätzlich um einen Radialverdichter oder einen Axialverdichter oder eine gemischte Anordnung von Radialverdichterstufen und Axialverdichterstufen handeln. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Ausführung des mehrstufigen Verdichters als Getriebeverdichter, bei dem ein zentrales Getriebe mehrere Verdichterantriebsritzelwellen antreibt, die Laufräder von Verdichterstufen tragen. An einem Getriebekasten ist hier in der Regel eine Mehrzahl von Verdichterstufen, bevorzugt Radialverdichterstufen vorgesehen, bevorzugt dort auch mechanisch befestigt bzw. abgestützt.The process compressor according to the invention is generally any one-stage or multi-stage compressor with corresponding cooling between the individual compression stages or an aftercooler. The compression stages can be understood to mean individual impellers or also several impellers arranged directly one behind the other. The compressor can basically be a radial compressor or an axial compressor or a mixed arrangement deal with radial compressor stages and axial compressor stages. Particularly preferred is the design of the multi-stage compressor as a gear compressor, in which a central gear drives a plurality of compressor drive pinion shafts that carry the impellers of compressor stages. As a rule, a plurality of compressor stages, preferably radial compressor stages, is provided on a gearbox, preferably also mechanically fastened or supported there.

Bei der Wärmekraftanlage handelt es sich um einen Kreislaufprozess, wie er auch unter der Bezeichnung Clausius-Rankine-Kreislauf bekannt ist. Meist handelt es sich hierbei um eine sogenannte Dampfturbine als Turbine und das Prozessfluid ist in der Regel Wasser bzw. Wasserdampf. Alternativ kann statt Wasser auch eine andere, insbesondere eine organische Flüssigkeit eingesetzt werden, so dass sich das Betriebstemperaturfeld des Prozesses in Folge des geänderten Prozessfluids ändert.The thermal power plant is a cycle process, also known as the Clausius-Rankine cycle. This is usually a so-called steam turbine as a turbine and the process fluid is usually water or water vapor. Alternatively, another, in particular an organic, liquid can be used instead of water, so that the operating temperature field of the process changes as a result of the changed process fluid.

Die thermodynamische Verbindung zwischen mindestens einer Kühlung des Prozessverdichters und mindestens einem Vorwärmer der Wärmekraftanlage geht bevorzugt mit einer Kombination dieser Kühlung mit dem Vorwärmer einher. Die Kombination hat den besonderen Vorteil, dass kein weiteres Prozessfluid zur Übertragung der Wärmeenergie zwischen dem Vorwärmer und der Kühlung verwendet werden muss. Das zu verdichtende zweite Prozessfluid kann in der Kühlung, der mit dem Vorwärmer der Wärmekraftanlage kombiniert ist, direkt die Abwärme als Nutzwärme an das erste Prozessfluid übertragen. Im Falle einer mit Wasser bzw. mit Wasserdampf betriebenen Dampfturbine eignet sich das erste Prozessfluid besonders gut zur Aufnahme der Abwärme aus dem zweiten Prozessfluid in der Kühlung bzw. dem Vorwärmer.The thermodynamic connection between at least one cooling of the process compressor and at least one preheater of the thermal power plant is preferably accompanied by a combination of this cooling with the preheater. The combination has the particular advantage that no further process fluid has to be used to transfer the thermal energy between the preheater and the cooling. The cooling of the second process fluid, which is combined with the preheater of the thermal power plant, can directly transfer the waste heat as useful heat to the first process fluid. In the case of a steam turbine operated with water or with steam, the first process fluid is particularly suitable for absorbing the waste heat from the second process fluid in the cooling or the preheater.

Die Erfindung findet auch vorteilhaft Anwendung bei einer Wärmekraftanlage, die bereits mehrere mit Anzapfungen der Turbine betriebene Vorwärmer für das erste Prozessfluid bzw. im Falle der mit Wasserdampf betriebenen Turbine das Speisewasser für den Kessel vorsieht. In diesem Fall kann zweckmäßig die Anzapfmenge des ersten Prozessfluids aus der Turbine reduziert werden, weil ein Teil der Vorwärmung bereits mit der Abwärme aus der Kühlung des Prozessverdichters erfolgt. Demensprechend erzeugt die Turbine eine höhere technische Leistung, so dass der Kessel mit einer geringeren Energiezufuhr bzw. Befeuerung auskommt.The invention is also advantageously used in a thermal power plant which already has a plurality of preheaters operated with taps of the turbine for the first process fluid or, in the case of the turbine operated with steam, the feed water for the boiler. In this case, the tapping amount of the first process fluid from the turbine can expediently be reduced because part of the preheating is already carried out with the waste heat from the cooling of the process compressor. Accordingly, the turbine generates a higher technical output, so that the boiler manages with a lower energy input or firing.

Eine andere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung sieht vor, dass die Anlage eine Kühlleitung mit einem von der Kühlleitung geführtem Kühlfluid aufweist, wobei die Kühlleitung an mindestens eine Kühlung des Prozessverdichters angeschlossen ist. Auf diese Weise kann mitels der Kühlung ein Teil des Abwärmestroms auf das Kühlfluid übertragen werden. So ist unter allen Betriebsbedingungen sichergestellt, dass die nachfolgende Stufeneintrittstemperatur hinreichend niedrig ist, um so einen sicheren und energiesparenden Betrieb zu gewährleisten. Diese Kühlfluidversorgung kann kombiniert werden mit der Kühlfluidversorgung der Wärmekraftanlage, die in dem Kondensator einen nicht unerheblichen Kühlfluidverbrauch aufweist, so dass die entsprechende Versorgung mit Kühlfluid für die Kühlung des Prozessverdichters dort angeschlossen werden kann. Besonders zweckmäßig ist eine Regelungseinheit vorgesehen, die mit Reglungsorgangen in den Kühlfluidleitungen und insbesondere in den Austauschleitungen zwischen der Wärmekraftanlage und dem Prozessverdichter in Verbindung steht. Insbesondere während instationärer Prozesse, beispielsweise während des Anfahrens der gesamten Anordnung, ist es zweckmäßig, wenn die einzelnen Anlagenkomponenten nicht zwingend hinsichtlich der Kühlung oder Vorwärmung aufeinander angewiesen sind, sondern auch weitestgehend autark voneinander funktionieren.Another advantageous development provides that the system has a cooling line with a cooling fluid guided by the cooling line, the cooling line being connected to at least one cooling of the process compressor. In this way, part of the waste heat flow can be transferred to the cooling fluid by means of cooling. This ensures under all operating conditions that the subsequent step entry temperature is sufficiently low to ensure safe and energy-saving operation. This cooling fluid supply can be combined with the cooling fluid supply of the thermal power plant, which has a not inconsiderable cooling fluid consumption in the condenser, so that the corresponding supply of cooling fluid for cooling the process compressor can be connected there. A control unit is particularly expediently provided, which is connected to control processes in the cooling fluid lines and in particular in the exchange lines between the thermal power plant and the process compressor. In particular during unsteady processes, for example during the start-up of the entire arrangement, it is expedient if the individual system components are not necessarily dependent on one another with regard to cooling or preheating, but also function largely independently of one another.

Im Folgenden ist die Erfindung anhand eines speziellen Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf Figuren näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Figuren 1, 2
jeweils ein schematisches Flussdiagramm einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung bzw. eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
The invention is described in more detail below on the basis of a special exemplary embodiment with reference to figures. Show it:
Figures 1, 2
each a schematic flow diagram of an arrangement according to the invention or a method according to the invention.

Die Figuren 1, 2 zeigen jeweils schematisch dargestellte Flussdiagramme von der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage A bzw. Verfahren, die die thermodynamischen Zusammenhänge illustrieren. Die in den Figuren benutzten Bezugszeichen sind für Bauteile gleicher Funktion identisch und die Figurenbeschreibung bezieht sich, soweit nicht anders angegeben, auf beide Figuren.The Figures 1 , 2nd each show schematically illustrated flow diagrams of the system A according to the invention or methods which illustrate the thermodynamic relationships. The reference numerals used in the figures are identical for components with the same function, and the description of the figures relates to both figures, unless stated otherwise.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Anlage A umfasst eine Wärmekraftanlage WKA und einen mehrstufigen Prozessverdichter MSC. Die Wärmekraftanlage WKA ihrerseits umfasst eine Pumpe PMP, einen Kessel BOI, eine Turbine TRB mit einer Abtriebswelle SD1 und einen Kondensator CND. Die Turbine kann vorteilhaft auch zwei Abtriebsenden - also einen Doppelabtrieb - aufweisen. Der Kessel BOI wird entweder mit der Abhitze aus einem anderen Prozess betrieben oder mittels eines fossilen Energieträgers befeuert. Diese Energiezuführ ist mit FUL bezeichnet. Der Kessel BOI verdampft und überhitzt das erste Prozessfluid PF1, das in den miteinander fluidleitend verbundenen Elementen der Wärmekraftanlage WKA zirkuliert. Bei der Turbine TRB handelt es sich bevorzugt um eine Dampfturbine und das erste Prozessfluid PF1 ist bevorzugt Wasser bzw. Wasserdampf. Der im Kessel BOI ausströmende, überhitzte Wasserdampf wird in der Turbine TRB entspannt und gelangt anschließend in den Kondensator CND, wo der entspannte Dampf zu Flüssigkeit kondensiert und anschließend mittels der Pumpe PMP auf den Kesseldruck befördert wird. Der Kondensator CND ist mittels einer Kühlleitung COL mit Kühlfluid CLF versorgt. Hierbei handelt es sich bevorzugt um Wasser, dass entweder aus einer natürlichen Wärmesenke entnommen und dort hin erwärmt wieder zurückgeführt wird oder um Wasser, das einer zumindest teilweise künstlichen Wärmesenke entnommen oder zugeführt wird.A system A according to the invention comprises a thermal power plant WKA and a multi-stage process compressor MSC. The thermal power plant WKA in turn comprises a pump PMP, a boiler BOI, a turbine TRB with an output shaft SD1 and a condenser CND. The turbine can advantageously also have two output ends - that is, a double output. The BOI boiler is either operated with the waste heat from another process or is fired using a fossil fuel. This energy supply is called FUL. The BOI boiler evaporates and overheats the first process fluid PF1, which circulates in the elements of the thermal power plant WKA that are connected in a fluid-conducting manner. The turbine TRB is preferably a steam turbine and the first process fluid PF1 is preferably water or water vapor. The overheated water vapor flowing out in the BOI boiler is expanded in the turbine TRB and then reaches the condenser CND, where the expanded steam condenses to liquid and is then pumped up to the boiler pressure by means of the pump PMP. The condenser CND is supplied with cooling fluid CLF by means of a cooling line COL. This is preferably water that is either removed from a natural heat sink and returned to it heated, or water that is removed or supplied to an at least partially artificial heat sink.

Der Prozessverdichter MSC weist ein oder mehrere Stufen ST1, ..., STn auf, in denen ein zweites Prozessfluid PF2 verdichtet wird. In dem konkreten Beispiel sind drei Stufen ST1, ST2, ST3 vorgesehen. Der Prozessverdichter weist darüber hinaus mehrere Kühlungen IC1, ..., ICn bzw. Zwischenkühlungen bzw. einen Nachkühler auf, wobei in dem konkreten Beispiel eine erste Kühlung IC1, eine zweite Kühlung IC2 und eine dritte Kühlung IC3 vorgesehen sind. In der Betriffswelt der Erfindung handelt es sich bei der dritten Kühlung IC3 auch um eine "Kühlung", auch, wenn im Anschluss an diese dritte Kühlung IC3 keine weitere verdichtende Stufe ST1,..., STn zur Verdichtung des zweiten Prozessfluids PF2 folgt. Entscheidend hierbei ist, dass Abwärme aus dem Verdichtungsprozess mittels der Kühlung entfernt wird. Die Kühlungen IC1, ..., ICn weisen Anschlüsse zu der Kühlleitung COL auf, um von dieser mit Kühlfluid CLF versorgt zu werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist hierbei die gleiche Kühlleitung COL zur Versorgung der Kühlungen IC1, ..., ICn mit Kühlfluid CLF vorgesehen, wie für den Kondensator CND.The process compressor MSC has one or more stages ST1, ..., STn, in which a second process fluid PF2 compresses becomes. In the specific example, three stages ST1, ST2, ST3 are provided. The process compressor also has a plurality of cooling systems IC1,..., ICn or intermediate cooling systems or an aftercooler, a first cooling system IC1, a second cooling system IC2 and a third cooling system IC3 being provided in the specific example. In the world of the invention, the third cooling IC3 is also a "cooling", even if there is no further compression stage ST1,..., STn to compress the second process fluid PF2 following this third cooling IC3. It is crucial that waste heat is removed from the compression process by means of cooling. The cooling systems IC1,..., ICn have connections to the cooling line COL in order to be supplied with cooling fluid CLF by the latter. The same cooling line COL is particularly advantageously provided for supplying the cooling systems IC1,..., ICn with cooling fluid CLF as for the condenser CND.

Der Prozessverdichter MSC weist eine Antriebswelle SD2 auf, die mittels einer Kupplung CPL mit einer Abtriebswelle SD1 der Turbine TRB der Wärmekraftanlage WKA gekoppelt ist. Auf diese Weise wird mechanische Leistung auf den Prozessverdichter MSC übertragen, so dass die Drehzahl der Turbine TRB einen Einfluss auf die Drehzahl des Prozessverdichters MSC hat. Statt der Kupplung CPL kann auch ein Getriebe vorgesehen sein, das eine Übersetzung oder Untersetzung der Turbinendrehzahl auf den Prozessverdichter MSC bewirkt. Die Wärmekraftanlage WKA hat im Strom des ersten Prozessfluids PF1 zwischen der Pumpe PMP und dem Kessel BOI einen Vorwärmer PH1, ..., PHn (siehe insbesondere Figur 2) mittels dessen dem Prozessfluid ein Vorwärmestrom PRF jeweils zugeführt wird. In der Figur 1 besteht zwischen dem Kreislauf der Wärmekraftanlage WKA des ersten Prozessfluids PF1 und der zweiten Kühlung IC2 eine Verbindung mittels einer Austauschleitung FCC, die eine Zufuhr des ersten Prozessfluids PF1 zu der Kühlung IC2 vorsieht und eine Abfuhr zurück in den Kreislauf der Wärmekraftanlage WKA. Hierbei nimmt das erste Prozessfluid PF1 Abwärme aus der zweiten Kühlung IC2 auf und führt sie dem Kreislauf der Wärmekraftanlage WKA als Nutzwärme zu. Entsprechend weniger Energie FUL muss dem Kessel BOI zugeführt werden. Zusätzlich verbraucht die Kühlung des Prozessverdichters MSC in der Summe weniger Kühlfluid CLF.The process compressor MSC has an input shaft SD2, which is coupled by means of a clutch CPL to an output shaft SD1 of the turbine TRB of the thermal power plant WKA. In this way, mechanical power is transferred to the process compressor MSC, so that the speed of the turbine TRB has an influence on the speed of the process compressor MSC. Instead of the clutch CPL, a transmission can also be provided, which causes the turbine speed to be geared up or down to the process compressor MSC. The thermal power plant WKA has a preheater PH1, ..., PHn in the flow of the first process fluid PF1 between the pump PMP and the boiler BOI (see in particular Figure 2 ) by means of which a preheating flow PRF is fed to the process fluid. In the Figure 1 there is a connection between the circuit of the thermal power plant WKA of the first process fluid PF1 and the second cooling IC2 by means of an exchange line FCC, which provides a supply of the first process fluid PF1 to the cooling IC2 and a discharge back into the circuit of the thermal power plant WKA. The first process fluid PF1 absorbs and guides waste heat from the second cooling IC2 it to the cycle of the WKA thermal power plant as useful heat. Correspondingly less energy FUL must be supplied to the BOI boiler. In addition, the cooling of the process compressor MSC consumes less cooling fluid CLF in total.

In der Figur 2 weist die Turbine TRB eine erste Anzapfung TB1 und eine zweite Anzapfung TB2 auf. Die beiden Anzapfungen TB1, TB2 führen einen dritten Vorwärmer PH3 bzw. einem zweiten Vorwärmer PH2 entsprechende Wärmemengen zu, die eine höhere Eintrittstemperatur in den Kessel BOI des ersten Prozessfluids PF1 zur Folge haben. Nachteilig hierbei ist, dass nicht das gesamte der Turbine TRB zugeführte erste Prozessfluid PF1 bis zum Austritt aus der Turbine TRB für die Erzeugung technischer Arbeit sorgt. Vorteilhaft vor dieser Vorwärmung mittels der beiden Anzapfungen TB1, TB2 ist hinter der Pumpe PMP in dem Kreislauf des ersten Prozessfluids PF1 die bereits beschriebene Austauschleitung FCC vorgesehen, mittels derer Abwärme aus dem Prozessverdichter als Nutzwärme der Wärmekraftanlage WKA zugeführt wird.In the Figure 2 The turbine TRB has a first tap TB1 and a second tap TB2. The two taps TB1, TB2 supply a third preheater PH3 or a second preheater PH2 corresponding amounts of heat, which result in a higher inlet temperature into the boiler BOI of the first process fluid PF1. The disadvantage here is that not all of the first process fluid PF1 supplied to the turbine TRB until it exits the turbine TRB provides for the production of technical work. Advantageously before this preheating by means of the two taps TB1, TB2, the exchange line FCC already described is provided behind the pump PMP in the circuit of the first process fluid PF1, by means of which waste heat from the process compressor is supplied as useful heat to the thermal power plant WKA.

Besonders vorteilhaft weisen die Anlagen A der Figuren 1, 2, eine Regelungseinheit CON auf. Mindestens die Austauschleitung FCC oder die Kühlleitung COL sind weiterhin mit Regelorganen CV1, ..., CV4 ausgestattet, die mit der Regelungseinheit CON in Verbindung stehen. In Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur T des zweiten Prozessfluids PF2 zwischen einem Austritt aus der zweiten Kühlung IC2, die an die Austauschleitung FCC angeschlossen ist, und einem Eintritt in eine stromabwärtige Stufe ST1, ..., STn des Prozessverdichters MSC werden von der Regelungseinheit CON die Regelorgane CV1, ..., CV4 verstellt.The systems A are particularly advantageous Figures 1 , 2nd , a control unit CON. At least the exchange line FCC or the cooling line COL are further equipped with control elements CV1, ..., CV4, which are connected to the control unit CON. Depending on the temperature T of the second process fluid PF2 between an outlet from the second cooling IC2, which is connected to the exchange line FCC, and an entry into a downstream stage ST1, ..., STn of the process compressor MSC, the control unit CON Control elements CV1, ..., CV4 adjusted.

Claims (6)

  1. Plant (A) with a thermal power plant (WKA) and a multistage process compressor (MSC), wherein the thermal power plant (WKA) comprises:
    - a pump (PMP),
    - a boiler (BOI),
    - a turbine (TRB) with an output shaft (SD1), or double output,
    - a condenser (CND),
    wherein a first process fluid (PF1) circulates in the following elements: pump (PMP), boiler (BOI), turbine (TRB), condenser (CND), which are fluidically connected to another, wherein the process compressor (MSC) has at least one stage (ST1,..., STn) in which a second process fluid (PF2) is compressed,
    wherein the process compressor (MSC) has at least one cooling unit (IC1,..., ICn) downstream of a process stage (ST1,..., STn) by means of which at least one first waste heat flow (QF1,..., QFn) is extracted from the second process fluid,
    wherein the process compressor (MSC) has a drive shaft (SD2), wherein the output shaft (SD1) is mechanically coupled to the drive shaft (SD2) so that the turbine (TRB) drives the process compressor (MSC),
    characterized in that
    the thermal power plant (WKA) has, in the flow of the first process fluid (PF1), between the pump (PMP) and the boiler (BOI), at least one pre-heater (PH1,..., PHn) by means of which a preheat flow (PRF) is supplied to the first process fluid (PF1), wherein at least one cooling unit (IC1,..., ICn) is connected to the thermal power plant (WKA) by means of at least one exchange line (FCC) such that at least one part of the waste heat flow (QF1) is supplied as a preheat flow (PRF) to the first process fluid (PF1) between the pump (PMP) and the boiler (BOI),
    wherein the plant has a control unit (CON), wherein at least the exchange line (FCC) or the cooling line (COL) has control members (CV1 - CV4), wherein the control unit (CON) is connected to the control members (CV1 - CV4) and adjusts the control members (CV1 - CV4) depending on the temperature of the second process fluid between an outlet from the cooling unit (IC1,..., ICn) and an inlet into a downstream stage of the process compressor (MSC).
  2. Plant (A) according to Claim 1, wherein the at least one pre-heater (PH1,..., PHn) forms a combined component with the at least one cooling unit (IC1,..., ICn) so that at least one part of the waste heat flow (QF1) is supplied as a preheat flow (PRF) to the first process fluid (PF1) between the pump (PMP) and the boiler (BOI).
  3. Plant (A) according to Claim 1, wherein the turbine (TRB) has at least one tapping (TB1, TB2) for drawing off first process fluid (PF1),
    wherein at least one pre- heater (PH1,..., PHn) is fluidically connected to the tapping (TB1, TB2) so that the extracted first process fluid (PF1) preheats the remaining first process fluid (PF1) prior to entry into the boiler (BOI).
  4. Plant (A) according to Claim 1, wherein the plant has a cooling line (COL) with a cooling fluid (CLF) conveyed by the cooling line (COL), wherein the cooling line (COL) is connected to at least one cooling unit (IC1,..., ICn) and the cooling unit (IC1,..., ICn) transfers part of the waste heat flow (QF1,..., QFn) to the cooling fluid (CLF).
  5. Method for operating a plant (A) with a thermal power plant (WKA) and a multistage process compressor (MSC), wherein the thermal power plant (WKA) comprises:
    - a pump (PMP),
    - a boiler (BOI),
    - a turbine (TRB) with an output shaft (SD1), or double output,
    - a condenser (CND),
    characterized by the following steps:
    - circulating a first process fluid (PF1) in the following elements: pump (PMP), boiler (BOI), turbine (TRB), condenser (CND), which are fluidically connected to another,
    - compressing a second process fluid (PF2) by means of one or more stages (ST1,..., STn) of the process compressor (MSC),
    - drawing off at least one first heat flow (QF1,..., QFn) from the second process fluid (PF2) by means of at least one cooling unit (IC1,..., ICn) between two process stages (ST1,..., STn),
    - transmitting drive power from the turbine (TRB) to the process compressor (MSC),
    - supplying at least part of the waste heat flow (QF1) as a preheat flow (PRF) to the flow of the first process fluid (PF1) between the pump (PMP) and the boiler (BOI),
    wherein the plant has a cooling line (COL) with a cooling fluid (CLF) conveyed by the cooling line (COL), wherein the cooling line (COL) is connected to at least one cooling unit (IC1,..., ICn), wherein the method comprises the further steps of:
    - transmitting part of the waste heat flow (QF1,..., QFn) to the cooling fluid (CLF),
    wherein the plant has a control unit (CON), wherein at least the exchange line (FCC) or the cooling line (COL) has control members (CV1 - CV4), wherein the control unit (CON) is connected to the control members (CV1 - CV4),
    wherein the method comprises the further steps of:
    - measuring the temperature of the second process fluid between an outlet from the cooling unit (IC1,..., ICn) and an inlet into a downstream stage of the process compressor (MSC),
    - adjusting the control members (CV1 - CV4) depending on the temperature of the second process fluid between an outlet from the cooling unit (IC1,..., ICn) and an inlet into a downstream stage of the process compressor (MSC), wherein at least one cooling unit (IC1,..., ICn) is connected to the thermal power plant (WKA) by means of at least one exchange line (FCC) such that at least one part of the waste heat flow (QF1) is supplied as a preheat flow (PRF) to the first process fluid (PF1) between the pump (PMP) and the boiler (BOI).
  6. Method according to Claim 5, having the further steps of:
    - drawing off first process fluid (PF1) from the turbine (TRB) by means of at least one tapping (TB1, TB2),
    - preheating the remaining first process fluid (PF1) prior to entry into the boiler (BOI) using the extracted first process fluid (PF1).
EP17761043.3A 2016-09-19 2017-08-22 Plant and method having a thermal power plant and a process compressor Active EP3516178B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102016217886.5A DE102016217886A1 (en) 2016-09-19 2016-09-19 Plant and process with a thermal power plant and a process compressor
PCT/EP2017/071097 WO2018050402A1 (en) 2016-09-19 2017-08-22 Plant and method having a thermal power plant and a process compressor

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DE19745272C2 (en) * 1997-10-15 1999-08-12 Siemens Ag Gas and steam turbine plant and method for operating such a plant
DE19943782C5 (en) * 1999-09-13 2015-12-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas and steam turbine plant
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RU2700115C1 (en) 2019-09-12
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CN109790760A (en) 2019-05-21
DE102016217886A1 (en) 2018-03-22

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