EP3515634B1 - Réglage de la conicité de petit côté d'une lingotière de coulée continue, procédé et dispositif - Google Patents

Réglage de la conicité de petit côté d'une lingotière de coulée continue, procédé et dispositif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3515634B1
EP3515634B1 EP17771449.0A EP17771449A EP3515634B1 EP 3515634 B1 EP3515634 B1 EP 3515634B1 EP 17771449 A EP17771449 A EP 17771449A EP 3515634 B1 EP3515634 B1 EP 3515634B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
narrow
narrow side
actuators
side plate
continuous casting
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EP17771449.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3515634A1 (fr
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Franz Ramstorfer
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Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
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Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/05—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds into moulds having adjustable walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/168—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for adjusting the mould size or mould taper

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for regulating the narrow side taper of a continuous casting mold based on the measurement of the forces applied to the narrow sides.
  • the invention relates to a continuous casting mold, the narrow side plates of which are set in accordance with the method according to the invention with the aid of actuators located at different distances from the pouring side.
  • Continuous casting molds are used when casting metal slabs, in particular when casting steel slabs.
  • a continuous casting mold in which the method according to the invention is used, consists of four individual metal plates, the so-called mold plates, which are arranged so as to be displaceable relative to one another and are preferably made from a copper alloy and essentially have a cuboid shape.
  • mold height H With respect to the casting direction of the continuous casting mold, all four mold plates have approximately the same extent, which is consequently referred to as mold height H.
  • two of the mold plates each have the same dimension in the width direction.
  • the mold plates of the pair with the larger dimension in the width direction are also referred to as broad side plates, those with the smaller dimension in the width direction as narrow side plates.
  • the four mold plates of a continuous casting mold are arranged at the same height in relation to the casting direction, the two broad side plate plates and the two narrow side plates each lying opposite one another. This creates a mold that is open on both sides, the openings of which are referred to as the pour-side or outlet-side end and which — with respect to a cutting plane that is normal to the casting direction — have a rectangular cross section.
  • the mold plates are arranged relative to one another in such a way that each of the two broad side plates contacts the two narrow side plates with their inner surface during the casting process, and conversely each narrow side plate with two opposite outer surfaces contacts the two broad side plates.
  • the distance between the outlet-side ends of the narrow side plates is referred to as the casting width, since this distance defines the dimension of the cast metal strand when it emerges from the mold.
  • this arrangement enables the narrow side plates to be displaced parallel to the inner surfaces of the broad side plates even during the casting process.
  • a clamping force can be exerted on the narrow side plates by mechanically positioning the wide side plates against the narrow side plates.
  • the space enclosed by the mold plates in relation to the direction of casting is referred to below as the interior of the mold, accordingly the surfaces of the mold plates facing the interior are referred to as their inner surfaces; analogously, the surfaces opposite the inner surfaces of the respective rectangular mold plates are also referred to as outer surfaces called the mold plates.
  • So-called back-up plates are generally attached to the outer surfaces of the mold plates, which on the one hand ensure sufficient mechanical stability of the mold plates and on the other hand contain a cooling device which dissipates the heat of the metal melt released during continuous casting from the mold plates.
  • a cooling device which dissipates the heat of the metal melt released during continuous casting from the mold plates.
  • Such devices e.g. Milling on the outer surfaces of the mold plates, which together with the backing plates form cooling channels through which water flows, are well known from the prior art.
  • actuators which make it possible for individual Position mold plates spatially and thereby vary the cross-sectional area of the mold that is decisive for the dimension of the metal slab produced.
  • actuators can be, for example, motor-driven spindles or hydraulic actuators, which are also known from the prior art.
  • a metal melt is introduced into the interior of the mold at the end on the pouring side, the metal melt starting to solidify in the contact area with the mold plates due to the heat being given off to the mold plates, and a so-called strand shell is formed in this area, the thickness of which is formed during the passage of the corresponding strand section continuously increased by the mold.
  • the metal strand which is partially solidified in this way is extracted by appropriate pull-out devices, e.g. driven driver rollers in the roller table following the mold, pulled out of the mold at the outlet end thereof, this process being supported by mechanical oscillation movements of the mold itself.
  • the surface of the molten metal in the interior of the continuous casting mold is also referred to as a mold level. Accordingly, the so-called mold level height h is defined as the distance of the mold level from the exit end of the mold.
  • casting powder is applied to the molten metal at the pouring-in end of the mold, which is melted on the surface of the still molten metal melt by the heat given off and subsequently a sliding film between the strand shell that forms and the inner surfaces of the mold plates, which forms the mechanical Friction between the strand shell and the inside of the mold plates is reduced.
  • An actuator arranged on a narrow side plate has a point of application at which a force is transmitted to the narrow side plate and the narrow side plate is moved at this point by a spatial displacement of the point of application by the actuator.
  • This point of attack can be designed to be articulated if, for example, the inclination of the narrow side plate changes during displacement by the actuator. In this sense, the point of attack is assigned a position which is displaceable in space and which is referred to below as the actuator position.
  • an actuator comprises a sensor with which the current value of the actuator position is recorded, which is also referred to as the actual position of the actuator and which is transmitted to a control unit.
  • the control unit specifies a specific position value, which is also referred to below as the target position of the actuator.
  • the actual position of the actuator is compared with its target position and the actuator is controlled by the control unit such that the actual position and target position match.
  • This actuation takes place by applying a corresponding mechanical force to the actuator, which is transmitted to the narrow side plate via the point of application of the actuator and as a result of which the position of the narrow side plate is changed at this point.
  • the actuation of the actuator with a mechanical force is also initiated by the control unit and can take place, for example, by changing the hydraulic pressure if the actuator is designed in the form of a hydraulic cylinder.
  • all actuators of the continuous casting mold are given individual target positions and the internal forces of the individual actuators are regulated in such a way that the interaction of all actuators during the casting process - with the exception of the process of adjusting the position of the narrow side plates - the outward forces of the Metal melt must be exactly balanced, otherwise the narrow side plates would move. There is therefore a balance of forces between the outward forces caused by the ferrostatic pressure of the molten metal and the inward forces of the actuators.
  • the cast metal strand shrinks accordingly as it passes through the mold. It is also known that, in order to achieve the highest possible quality result, the cast metal strand should have as large a mechanical contact as possible with the inner surfaces of the mold plates when they pass through the mold. However, if the strand shell lifts off from the inner surface of the mold due to thermal shrinkage, this significantly reduces the heat flow from the metal strand at the relevant point, which results in a non-uniform quality of the strand surface and, in extreme cases, can lead to the strand shell being torn open.
  • One measure to ensure that the metal strand passing through the mold is as large and uniform as possible is to specify a slight inclination between the opposing mold plates, so that the cross section of the mold from the pouring end to the outlet end corresponds to the shrinkage of the metal strand rejuvenated.
  • the inclination of the opposite broad side plates is usually determined by a trapezoidal shape of the narrow side plates achieved: since the narrow side plates contact the two broad side plates along their vertical extension, there is a different distance between the upper, pour-side ends of the two broad side plates than between the lower, outlet-side ends of the broad side plates.
  • the quotient of the difference between the upper distances f and the lower distances d between the broad side plates and the mold height H accordingly K b f - d / H is also called broadside taper.
  • other definitions of the narrow side taper are also possible, it being essential that they depend on the inclination of at least one of the narrow side plates with respect to the casting direction.
  • the formation of the strand shell when the metal strand passes through the continuous casting mold depends on various factors, such as the casting speed, the composition of the molten metal itself, the properties of the casting powder or the cooling capacity of the cooling device of the mold, which also influence the heat transfer from the cast metal strand to the mold and thus the mechanical contact of the metal strand with the mold.
  • a construction for continuous casting molds which proposes to mechanically bend the narrow side plates during the casting depending on the casting speed, the carbon content of the molten metal or the heat flow passing from the metal strand to the mold, the heat flow from temperature values of the cooling water of the cooling device of the mold is calculated.
  • the aim of this invention is to keep both the solidification profile of the strand shell and the frictional forces that occur on the inner surfaces of the mold plates as constant as possible, even with changing casting conditions, by the targeted bending of the narrow side plates, and thus to avoid the formation of longitudinal cracks in the cast metal strand .
  • a complex bending mechanism according to FIGS. 15 and 18 is used to apply the required bending forces.
  • the JP H03 210953 A proposes a continuous casting mold, the narrow side plates of which each have a groove 15 running in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the casting direction, which is why a kink occurs at this point under the action of force corresponding Fig. 1 trains.
  • the control of this force action takes place as a function of temperature values measured by means of a thermocouple in the vicinity of the outlet-side end of the narrow side plates.
  • the grooves of the narrow side plates represent a mechanical weak point.
  • the JP H02 247059 A suggests bending the narrow side plates together with the backing plates attached to them, depending on the measured heat flow or the casting speed.
  • the bending forces required for this are very high, the inner surfaces of the narrow side plates assume a curve along the casting direction.
  • the present invention therefore proposes, instead of bending the narrow side plates, to change their spatial position during the casting operation by guiding them along the inner sides of the wide side plates. This happens because the clamping force, which exert the broad side plates on the narrow side plates is reduced, then the narrow side plates are adjusted accordingly using appropriate position-controlled actuators and finally the contact pressure of the broad side plates is reset to the original value.
  • Such an adjustment process takes place in a controlled manner and in such a way that there is no sudden tearing of the strand shell despite the outward forces of the liquid metal melt.
  • the narrow side taper can be adapted to the shrinkage of the metal strand resulting from the formation of the strand shell, so that the contact area of the narrow side plates with the strand shell is as large as possible. No forces are applied for the bending of the narrow side plates themselves and the frictional forces between the strand shell and the inner surfaces of the mold plates are not increased unnecessarily.
  • the setting of the narrow sides of the mold corresponds exactly to the shrinkage of the strand, which is caused by the growth of the strand shell.
  • Typical values of the narrow side taper are between 0.9% and 1.3% of the pouring width according to the above definition.
  • the optimal narrow side taper depends on various production parameters, e.g. the shrinkage characteristics of the cast metal melt or also from the actual heat dissipation, which is determined, among other things, by the properties of the mold powder and the casting speed. It is therefore advisable to dynamically adapt the narrow side taper to the prevailing casting conditions during casting.
  • the wide side plates can be permanently clamped, for example, by means of a preset spring clamp, the clamping action of which is only briefly opened by a corresponding unclamping device during the adjustment of the narrow side taper by actuators of the unclamping device canceling the clamping force of the spring clamp.
  • the JP S56 119646 A describes a continuous casting mold, the plates of which are moved under pressure control during casting.
  • the narrow side plates are each movably connected at their pour-side end to a base plate which can be moved and fixed in the horizontal direction.
  • a pressure-controlled actuator e.g. a hydraulic cylinder, which presses the narrow side plates against the cast metal strand, lies near the end of the narrow side plates on the casting outlet side, with a small gap of 0.1-0.2 mm in the casting direction between the narrow side plates and the wide side plates to enable their relative movement .
  • this invention allows a quick reaction to changing production conditions with regard to the contact of the narrow side plates with the metal strand due to the pressure-controlled actuation of the lower actuators, the movements of the actuators simultaneously adjust the narrow side cone itself, so that the contact behavior of the narrow side plates on the one hand and on the other hand, the optimal value of the narrow side cone cannot be set independently of one another.
  • a uniform pouring width cannot be maintained, since during a control process the narrow side plates are tilted at their lower end and, moreover, it cannot be guaranteed that the narrow side cone is identical on both sides, which can lead to non-uniform growth of the strand shell.
  • narrow side plates of which can be moved along the inner sides of the broad side plates via at least two mechanical actuators, and as a result of which an inward force is exerted on the continuous shell of the cast metal strand in order to prevent the ferrostatic pressure acting on the outside from occurring to counteract solidified metal melt, since the clamping effect of the narrow side plates by the broad side plates and the intrinsic cohesive force of the strand shell itself are not sufficient to prevent the strand from tearing open.
  • These forces transmitted from the narrow side plates to the strand shell are referred to below as narrow side forces.
  • the casting direction of the continuous casting mold 1 is oriented essentially in the direction of the acceleration due to gravity; therefore, the ferrostatic pressure of the molten metal introduced into the mold 1 increases linearly in the casting direction in accordance with the behavior of a liquid with the distance to the surface of the molten metal which is located in the casting direction at a distance corresponding to the level of the mold level above the outlet-side ends of the mold plates.
  • the ferrostatic pressure of the molten metal causes outward forces that have to be compensated by corresponding inward counter forces to prevent the strand shell from tearing open.
  • a cooling shell is formed along the inner surfaces of the mold plates due to the cooling effect.
  • the strand shell has an inherent strength, which depends locally on its thickness and which partially compensates for the ferrostatic pressure of the molten metal acting outwards. The remaining part of the ferrostatic pressure inside the continuous casting mold must be compensated for by appropriate counterpressure of the mold plates in order to avoid tearing the strand shell.
  • the back pressure While the corresponding back pressure is automatically set due to the fixed clamping of the broad side plates, the back pressure must be along the narrow side plates be actively regulated, as there is no complete clamping effect of the narrow side panels through the wide side panels.
  • the spatial position and orientation of the narrow side plates is therefore carried out by active position control of the mechanical actuators moving the narrow side plates.
  • the strand shell After the metal strand emerges from the continuous casting mold, the strand shell has already grown to such an extent that the ferrostatic pressure exceeding the intrinsic strength of the strand shell can be easily compensated for by spatially fixed or position-controlled strand guide rollers, the strand guide rollers directly supporting the surface of the extended metal strand.
  • Tests show that adjusting the narrow side taper has a direct influence on the required narrow side forces.
  • each of the two narrow side plates of the continuous casting mold can be positioned by a separate, independent control circuit which only controls the actuators of the respective narrow side plate.
  • the manipulated variable of the control loop in question depends on the inclination of the respective narrow side plate in relation to the casting direction, and the method according to the invention thus comprises two independent values for the narrow side conicity - in each case one value for the first and one value for the second narrow side plate - the continuous casting mold .
  • a common control loop can also be used for both narrow side plates, which accordingly controls the actuators of both narrow side plates.
  • the method according to the invention comprises a common value for the narrow side taper of the continuous casting mold, the definition of which depends equally on the inclinations of both narrow side plates with respect to the casting direction.
  • controller of the control loop can also contain filterings that either process the input signal for a control regulation contained in the control loop or process the signal determined by the control regulation before it is fed to the controlled system.
  • the method according to the invention enables a quick reaction to changing process conditions, since the detection of the narrow side forces which are influenced by the process conditions, in contrast to methods which are based on temperature or heat flow measurements, takes place practically in real time.
  • the method according to the invention is also based on an empirical relationship between the narrow side forces on the one hand and the current casting parameters, such as the casting speed, the behavior of the casting powder or the composition of the molten metal on the other hand, this empirical relationship being modeled by the behavior of the controller. Therefore, the method according to the invention does not require any physical modeling of the effects of the various influencing variables, but rather is based on the measurement of the direct reaction of the casting parameters in the form of the narrow side forces, so that the effects of all relevant casting parameters are taken into account equally and equally quickly.
  • a lifting of the strand shell from the inside of the narrow side plates can be detected immediately because the narrow side forces to be applied for a specific control position decrease accordingly.
  • an increase in the narrow side forces which would cause the strand to be crushed and is caused, for example, by an insufficient cooling capacity of the metal strand, can be compensated for directly.
  • an optimal force distribution of the actuators and correspondingly the largest possible contact area between the strand shell and the inner surfaces of the narrow side plates is achieved without the frictional forces between the strand shell and the inner surfaces of the continuous casting mold being unnecessarily increased.
  • the method according to the invention ensures good reproducibility, since the adaptation of the narrow side taper to the current production conditions does not require any operator intervention, but only depends on the preset parameters of the controller or on any filtering carried out in the controller.
  • the reference pressure P ref is a function of the density of the molten metal ⁇ liq , a mold level h and a dimensionless correction factor S.
  • the density ⁇ liq of the molten metal is to be understood as the material density of the liquid melt, the physical unit of which is given, for example, in kg / m 3 .
  • the reference pressure P ref depends on the density of the molten metal ⁇ liq and on the level of the mold level h, which is defined as the distance between the mold level and the exit end of the mold, and also contains another dimensionless correction factor S that can be specified.
  • the reference pressure P ref is a parameter of the control process and can also be used, for example, during the casting process if required by an operator or by another control system, to change the characteristic of the control loop. This makes it possible to take into account a change in the mold level h during the casting process or to react flexibly to changes in the casting parameters, such as a change in the composition of the molten metal, the casting powder or in the heat dissipation of the mold.
  • An adaptation of the reference pressure can be based, for example, on empirical values based on the recorded casting parameters, as a result of which an advantageous driving style of the continuous casting mold, once determined under certain casting conditions, can be reproduced.
  • the correction factor S preferably has a value range of 0.7 - 3 and takes into account the inherent load-bearing capacity of the strand shell that forms, which weakens the effect of the outwardly directed ferrostatic pressure P fer of the molten metal, furthermore the effect of the frictional forces between the narrow side plates and the broad side plates, which differ from those of counteract the forces applied to the actuators of the narrow side plates and reduce them accordingly, and the friction between the strand shell and the narrow side plates, which due to the narrow side conicity has an outward force component in the width direction of the continuous casting mold and depends on the value of the narrow side conicity.
  • the correction factor S can depend on the chosen casting speed v, because in particular the friction between the strand shell and the narrow side plates represents sliding friction and therefore the friction forces that occur depend on the relative speed between the surfaces involved.
  • the self-supporting capacity of the strand shell outweighs the frictional forces between the narrow-side and broad-side plates or between the narrow-side plates and the strand shell and is used, for example, in an operating mode in which the broad-side plates are only applied with very little clamping action against the narrow-side plates what is also known as soft clamping.
  • values of S> 1 mean that the frictional forces between the narrow-side and broad-side plates or between the narrow-side plates and the strand shell predominate and must be compensated accordingly by the actuators of the narrow-side plates.
  • the dependence of the correction factor S on the casting speed v can be described, for example, by a table model based on empirical values. S can also be influenced by other factors, e.g. depend on the composition of the molten metal or the casting powder, which can also be shown in an empirically determined table model.
  • the above-mentioned definition of the reference pressure P ref offers the advantage that it is an easy-to-use empirical model of the command variable of the control loop according to the invention which, in addition to the correction factor S, depends only on process parameters which are known in any case and which can therefore be expanded in a simple manner by means of the correction factor S, for example in relation to new compositions of the molten metal or the casting powder, and does not require any complex physical simulations.
  • the mean surface pressure P med represents an averaging over the forces of all actuators of the two narrow side plates which the actuators exert on the narrow side plates. These forces can advantageously be measured very simply and quickly using methods known from the prior art, as a result of which the control loop detects control deviations very quickly can react. In particular, it is possible to control control deviations much more quickly than would be the case with temperature or heat flow-based controls, since force measurements can be carried out within fractions of a second.
  • the setting of a common narrow side taper for both narrow side plates takes place symmetrically with respect to the casting direction of the continuous casting mold, with the spatial position of the center line of the metal strand in relation to the wide side plates and a value for the casting width b.
  • casting width b it is also possible to change the casting width b during the execution of the control process or to leave it constant and to specify a starting value for the target positions of the individual actuators when they first pass through the control circuit.
  • a constant value of the casting width b during the casting process is particularly desirable with regard to the quality of the cast metal strand, since subsequently complex measures for adjusting the width of the metal strand, such as e.g. Flame cutting or side upsetting can be omitted.
  • the controller of the at least one control circuit comprises a control specification with an input variable derived from the control deviation and an output variable and the actual positions ⁇ X 1, i , X 2, j ⁇ of the at least one control circuit are generated in each cycle Actuators of at least one of the first or the second narrow side plates are detected and an actual value I s for the narrow side taper K s is derived therefrom and this by specifying corresponding target positions ⁇ Y 1, i , Y 2, j ⁇ for the actuators of at least one of the first or the second Narrow side plate in a controlled system of the at least one control loop that reproduces the effect of the narrow side taper on the mean surface pressure only if there is a difference to the determined actual value.
  • the detected actual positions of the actuators of the narrow side plates thus represent input variables and the determined target positions for the actuators at least correspond to output variables represents a control loop, which are determined anew each time through the at least one control loop.
  • the rule specification describes the behavior of the control loop as a function of the control deviation and is used to determine the output variable; the meaning and role of the regulation are to be understood in the context of a classic control loop and are therefore well known to the person skilled in the art.
  • control deviations can be parameterized in a very simple manner: if the proportionality factor k has a value less than 1, this means that the determined control deviation is weakened into the correction of the output variable of the control specification, while for values greater than 1, the control deviation is amplified.
  • This temporal filtering of the control deviation eliminates high-frequency fluctuations in the measurement signal, which can be caused, for example, by incorrect measurements. suppressed. This prevents incorrect adjustment of the narrow side plates due to incorrect measured values or due to high-frequency interference and helps to stabilize the continuous casting process.
  • the saturation filter ⁇ S ensures that the narrow side taper K s regulated by the control loop remains within the permitted range defined by the limit values K s, min and K s, max , for example within 1.1 to 1.2.
  • the limit values K s, min and K s, max are parameters of the control process, which are usually preset, but which can also be changed during the casting process.
  • the limit values K s, min and K s, max can be changed by an operator or by a control system when changing between two metal batches, if a changed composition of the molten metal requires this.
  • the formation of the numerical absolute value and ⁇ denote the threshold value of the hysteresis filter and the derived value K s "corresponds to a signal-technical treatment of the output variable K s ' preceding the third filtering of the regulation.
  • the manipulated variable of the control loop is only changed if the value K s determined in the current cycle of the control loop differs in amount by at least the value ⁇ from the current actual value I s of the narrow side taper.
  • the actuators of the narrow side plates are only adjusted if the newly calculated default value for the narrow side taper differs from the existing value by more than 0.05, for example, so that, for example, only slight fluctuations in production conditions affect the quality of the metal strand produced have no effect, do not unnecessarily adjust the narrow side plates and in particular do not release the clamping of the broad side plates must, which contributes to a constant stability of the continuous casting process and to the speed of the control process.
  • At least one of the actuators is a hydraulically moved actuator.
  • At least one of the hydraulically moved actuators is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder.
  • Double-acting hydraulic cylinders offer the advantage that the force applied by the respective actuator can be determined very easily by two pressure sensors per actuator, since the force is determined by the differential pressure between the two chambers and the cross-sectional area of the piston of the double-acting hydraulic cylinder. It is therefore also possible to retrofit an existing continuous casting mold, which already has such hydraulic cylinders for adjusting the narrow side plates, to carry out the method according to the invention in a simple and cost-effective manner, since only sensors for detecting the corresponding pressures and the travel positions of the corresponding actuators have to be installed.
  • At least one of the actuators has an electrical rotary drive.
  • Such actuators allow simple determination of the actuator position on the basis of the position of the drive axis of the electrically operated motor or an axis of the transmission, that is usually used between the motor and the linearly moving point of application of the actuator in question.
  • the forces that occur at the points of application of the actuators can be measured, for example, using strain gauges.
  • At least one of the electrically driven actuators is a linear motor.
  • Linear motors do not require a gear and therefore have no mechanical play. They also offer the advantage that the force occurring can be determined directly from the force-speed characteristic or from the force-current characteristic without additional force sensors.
  • FIG 1a shows an oblique view of the arrangement of the broad side plates 2, 2 'and the first and second narrow side plates 4 and 4' of a continuous casting mold 1, the two narrow side plates 4, 4 'being slidably arranged along the inner surfaces of the broad side plates 2, 2'.
  • the back-up plates of the individual mold plates and the actuators for adjusting the narrow side plates are not shown in this view.
  • FIG 1a Furthermore are in FIG 1a the direction vectors of the thickness direction D, the width direction B and the casting direction G are shown in their spatial position in relation to the continuous casting mold 1, the vectors D, B and G forming an orthogonal, right-handed coordinate system.
  • molten metal is added with the addition of casting powder into the interior of the continuous casting mold 1, where the molten metal is transported further in the casting direction G and is withdrawn from the mold 1 at the exit end 3 'in the form of a partially solidified metal strand 5.
  • the metal strand 5 has a rectangular cross section with respect to the normal plane to the casting direction G, the short side of which is oriented in the thickness direction D and the long side in the width direction B.
  • FIG 1b shows a section through the continuous casting mold 1 FIG 1a normal to the width direction B, in which the broad side plates 2, 2 'inclined relative to the casting direction G with the backing plates 7, 7' attached to them and the trapezoidal shape of the second narrow side plate 4 'can be seen.
  • the distance f between the inner surfaces of the broad side plates 2, 2 'at the end 3 on the pouring side is greater than the corresponding distance d at the end 3' of the continuous casting mold 1, where d is also referred to as the casting thickness, since the cast metal strand 5 (in 1b not shown) with this thickness from the interior enclosed by the continuous casting mold 1 exit.
  • In 1c is a section through the continuous casting mold 1 from FIG 1a shown normal to the thickness direction D.
  • the narrow side plates 4, 4 ' which are inclined relative to the casting direction G, can be seen, with the backing plates 6, 6' attached to them, and the rectangular shape of the wide side plate 2 can also be seen, along the inside of which the narrow side plates 4, 4 'can be moved.
  • the distance e between the inner surfaces of the narrow side plates 4, 4 'at the end 3 on the pouring side is in turn greater than the corresponding distance b at the end 3' of the continuous casting mold 1 at the outlet side, b being referred to as the casting width.
  • an upper actuator A 1.1 or A 2.1 engages near the pour-side end 3 of the continuous casting mold 1 and a lower actuator A 1.2 or A 2.2 near the outlet side End 3 'of the continuous casting mold 1.
  • the actuators A 1, 1 or A 1, 2 acting in the width direction B the first narrow side plate 4 can be moved or held in a certain position with respect to its inclination to the casting direction G and its position in the width direction B, with the upper actuator A 1 , 2 the force F 1.1 and at the lower actuator A 1.2 the force F 1.2 occurs along the effective direction of the respective actuator.
  • the inclination and the position of the second narrow side plate 4 ' are set or maintained by means of the actuators A 2.1 and A 2.2, the force F 2.1 on the upper actuator A 2.1 and the force on the lower actuator A 2 , 2 the force F 2.2 occurs in the effective direction of the respective actuator.
  • the narrow side taper K s can also be related to the mold height H.
  • FIG 2 shows a section normal to the thickness direction D through a continuous casting mold 1, the first and second narrow side plates 4 and 4 'of which each have two actuators (A 1.1 , A 1.2 ) and (A 2.1 , A 2.2 ) are, however, the inclination of the narrow side plates 4 and 4 'is not shown.
  • the course of the ferrostatic pressure P fer of the metal melt 10 which increases linearly in the casting direction G, is shown schematically, while along the inner surface of the second narrow side plate 4 'the strand shell 13 growing in the casting direction G can be seen.
  • the center line M denotes the line of symmetry of the metal strand 5 with respect to the width direction B of the continuous casting mold 1.
  • the surface of the cast metal melt 10 is also referred to as a casting level 12, which is located at a distance h - the so-called casting level - above the exit-side end 3 'of the continuous casting mold 1.
  • the partially solidified metal strand 5 is pulled out of the continuous casting mold 1, the strand shell 13 already formed being supported in the width direction B by lateral strand guide rollers 14 and 14'.
  • F 1.1 and F 2.1 are as in 1c the forces of the upper actuators A 1.1 and A 2.1 (in FIG 2 not shown) referred to, which are transferred near the pouring end 3 to the respective narrow side plate 4 or 4 '.
  • F 1.2 and F 2.2 symbolize the forces of the outlet-side actuators A 1.2 and A 2.2 .
  • FIG 3 is normal to the thickness direction D in a section
  • Half of a continuous casting mold 1 according to the invention up to the center line M as well as the control connection to a control unit 8 are shown, the first narrow side plate 4 being able to be moved with the aid of two actuators A 1,1 and A 1,2 .
  • the other half of the continuous casting mold 1, which comprises the second narrow side plate 4 'and corresponding actuators A 2.1 and A 2.2 is connected to the control unit 8 in a manner corresponding to the first half shown, but in FIG FIG 3 not shown.
  • the actuators A 1.1 and A 1.2 are designed as double-acting hydraulic cylinders.
  • the solidified strand shell 13 is supported by lateral strand guide rollers 14.
  • the actuator A 1 , 1 engages near the upper, casting-side end 3 of the continuous casting mold 1 on the first narrow side plate 4 and can move it at this point of attack in the width direction B; Similarly, the first narrow side plate 4 can also be moved in the width direction B by the actuator A 1, 2 , which engages the first narrow side plate 4 in the vicinity of the lower, outlet-side end 3 '.
  • the actuators A 1.1 and A 1.2 For detecting the instantaneous position of the first narrow side plate 4 are of the actuators A 1.1 and A 1.2 the respective position values X and 1.1 X transmitted to the control unit 8 1,2, which are determined by the corresponding position sensors 16 of the respective actuator .
  • the pressures of the two chambers of each double-acting hydraulic cylinder are detected by means of corresponding pressure sensors 11 and transmitted to the control unit 8.
  • the forces F 1.1 and F 1.2 with which the actuators A 1.1 and A 1.2 act on the first narrow side plate 4 can be determined from the difference between these pressures.
  • the actuators A 1.1 and A 1.2 are acted upon by hydraulic drive units 9 with corresponding amounts of hydraulic fluid, so that the pistons of the actuators are moved in accordance with the desired positions Y 1,1 and Y 1,2 determined by the control unit 8.
  • the hydraulic drive units 9 can be, for example, hydraulic pumps or hydraulic valves which provide the volume of hydraulic fluid required in each case.
  • the second narrow side plate 4 '(not shown) the explanations apply mutatis mutandis with respect to the actual positions X 2.1 and X 2.2 and the forces F 2.1 and F 2.2 of the actuators A 2.1 and A 2.2 and for the setpoints Y 2.1 and Y 2.2 specified by the control unit 8.
  • FIG 4 shows an embodiment of a control circuit 15 for setting the narrow side taper K s according to the inventive method, the control circuit 15 in addition to the actual regulation 25 a first time filtering 22 of the control deviation P dif , and a second filtering 23 with respect to the allowable maximum values and a third filtering 24 with regard to a desired hysteresis behavior of K s .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé de réglage d'une conicité de petit côté (Ks) d'une lingotière de coulée continue (1) destinée à la production d'une barre métallique (5) à l'aide d'au moins une boucle d'asservissement (15), la lingotière de coulée continue (1) comprenant une première plaque de petit côté (4) et une seconde plaque de petit côté (4'),
    - une pluralité (N1) d'actionneurs (A1,i) à régulation de position, avec i∈{1,...,N1}, destinés au positionnement de la première plaque de petit côté (4) étant disposés au niveau de la première plaque de petit côté (4), et une pluralité (N2) d'actionneurs (A2,j) à régulation de position, avec j∈{1,...,N2}, destinés au positionnement de la seconde plaque de petit côté (4') étant disposés au niveau de la seconde plaque de petit côté (4'), à une distance à chaque fois différente de l'extrémité côté injection (3) de la lingotière de coulée continue (1), et
    - des forces correspondantes (F1,i, F2,j), avec i∈{1,...,N1} et j∈{1,...,N2}, se produisant dans la direction d'action de chaque actionneur (A1,i, A2,j) pendant le fonctionnement de la lingotière de coulée continue (1),
    caractérisé en ce que,
    lors du déroulement d'un cycle, l'au moins une boucle d'asservissement (15) utilise
    - une pression de référence (Pref) en tant que grandeur de commande, et
    - une pression superficielle moyenne (Pmed) entre les plaques de petit côté (4, 4') et la barre métallique (5) en tant que grandeur réglée, la pression superficielle moyenne (Pmed) étant déterminée à partir des forces (F1,i, F2,j), et
    - en ce qu'un asservisseur (21) détermine la conicité de petit côté (Ks) en tant que variable réglante de la boucle d'asservissement (15) en fonction d'un écart de réglage (Pdif) = (Pref) - (Pmed) comme grandeur d'entrée, et
    - en ce que la position de la première et/ou de la seconde plaque de petit côté (4, 4') est réglée conformément à la conicité de petit côté (Ks) au moyen des actionneurs (A1,i, A2,j), grâce à un système commandé (20).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la pression de référence (Pref) est une fonction de la masse volumique (ρliq) du bain de fusion liquide (10), de la hauteur de surface de bain (h) et d'un facteur de correction (S) sans dimension.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la pression superficielle moyenne (Pmed) est déterminée à l'aide de la formule P med = ∑ i = 1 N 1 F 1 , i + ∑ j = 1 N 2 F 2 , j / 2 ⋅ h ⋅ d ,
    Figure imgb0021
     avec une hauteur de surface de bain (h) et une épaisseur de coulée (d) de la lingotière de coulée continue (1).
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le réglage d'une conicité de petit côté (Ks) commune pour la première et la seconde plaque de petit côté (4, 4') s'effectue de manière symétrique par rapport à la direction de coulée (G) de la lingotière de coulée continue (1), la position dans l'espace de la ligne médiane (M) de la barre métallique (5) par rapport aux plaques de grand côté (2, 2'), ainsi que la largeur de coulée (b), étant prescrites.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'asservisseur (21) comprend une consigne de réglage (25) avec une grandeur d'entrée (Pdif') dérivée de l'écart de réglage (Pdif) et une grandeur de sortie (Ks'), et dans lequel
    - dans chaque cycle de la boucle d'asservissement (15), les positions réelles (X1,i, X2,j) des actionneurs (A1,i, A2,j) d'au moins une des première ou seconde plaque de petit côté (4, 4') sont détectées,
    - une valeur réelle (Is) de la conicité de petit côté (Ks) est dérivée à partir de celles-ci, et
    - dans un système commandé (20) de la boucle d'asservissement (15) qui représente l'effet de la conicité de petit côté (Ks) sur la pression superficielle moyenne (Pmed), la conicité de petit côté (Ks) ne fait l'objet d'un nouveau réglage, par prescription de positions de consigne (Y1,i, Y2,j) correspondantes pour les actionneurs (A1,i, A2,j) d'au moins une des première ou seconde plaque de petit côté (4, 4'), que lorsqu'il existe une différence par rapport à la valeur réelle (Is) déterminée.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel la consigne de réglage (25) est Ks' = Is - k · Pdif', k étant un facteur de proportionnalité présentant une plage de valeurs comprise entre 0,001 et 0,1.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 5 ou 6, dans lequel la grandeur d'entrée (Pdif') de la consigne de réglage (25) est déterminée par un premier filtrage (22) réalisé au moyen d'un filtre temporel (ΦT) à partir de l'écart de réglage (Pdif), conformément à P dif ′ = Φ T P dif P dif τ ,
    Figure imgb0022
     {Pdif}τ étant un ensemble de valeurs enregistrées de l'écart de réglage (Pdif) issues de cycles antérieurs de la boucle d'asservissement (15), qui remontent sur un intervalle de temps T.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, dans lequel une valeur dérivée (Ks") est déterminée par un deuxième filtrage (23) réalisé au moyen d'un filtre de saturation (Φs) à partir de la grandeur de sortie (Ks') de la consigne de réglage (25), conformément à K s " = Φ S K s ′ , K s , min , K s , max ,
    Figure imgb0023
     Ks,min étant une valeur limite inférieure et Ks,max étant une valeur limite supérieure pour la conicité de petit côté (Ks).
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8, dans lequel la conicité de petit côté (Ks)est déterminée par un troisième filtrage (24) d'une valeur (Ks") dérivée de la grandeur de départ (Ks') de la consigne de réglage (25) réalisé au moyen d'un filtre d'hystérésis (ΦH), conformément à K s = Φ H K s " − I s λ ,
    Figure imgb0024
     | | désignant la formation de la valeur absolue numérique et λ étant la valeur seuil du filtre d'hystérésis (ΦH).
  10. Dispositif destiné au réglage d'au moins une conicité de petit côté (Ks) d'une lingotière de coulée continue (1) destinée à la production d'une barre métallique (5), notamment destiné à l'exécution d'un procédé selon l'une revendications 1 à 9, la lingotière de coulée continue (1) comprenant une première plaque de petit côté (4) et une seconde plaque de petit côté (4'),
    - une pluralité (N1) d'actionneurs (A1,i) à régulation de position, avec i∈{1,...,N1}, destinés au positionnement de la première plaque de petit côté (4) étant disposés au niveau de la première plaque de petit côté (4), et une pluralité (N2) d'actionneurs (A2,j) à régulation de position, avec j∈{1,...,N2}, destinés au positionnement de la seconde plaque de petit côté (4') étant disposés au niveau de la seconde plaque de petit côté (4'), à une distance à chaque fois différente de l'extrémité côté injection (3) de la lingotière de coulée continue (1), et
    - le dispositif étant pourvu d'une unité de régulation (8) et de dispositifs (11) permettant de détecter les forces (F1,i, F2,j), avec i∈{1,...,N1} et j∈{1,...,N2}, se produisant dans la direction d'action des actionneurs (A1,i, A2,j) respectifs pendant le fonctionnement de la lingotière de coulée continue (1),
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'unité de régulation (8) est conçue pour au moins une boucle d'asservissement (15), la boucle d'asservissement (15) comprenant
    - une pression de référence (Pref) en tant que grandeur de commande,
    - une pression superficielle moyenne (Pmed) entre les plaques de petit côté (4, 4') et la barre métallique (5) en tant que grandeur réglée, la pression superficielle moyenne (Pmed) pouvant être déterminée à partir des forces (F1,i, F2,j),
    - un asservisseur (21) qui permet de déterminer la conicité de petit côté (Ks)en tant que variable réglante de la boucle d'asservissement (15) en fonction d'un écart de réglage (Pdif) = (Pref) - (Pmed) comme grandeur d'entrée, et
    - un système commandé (20) grâce auquel la position de la première et/ou de la seconde plaque de petit côté (4, 4') peut être réglée conformément à la conicité de petit côté (Ks)au moyen des actionneurs (A1,i, A2,j).
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, dans lequel au moins un des actionneurs (A1,i, A2,j) est un actionneur à mouvement hydraulique.
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, dans lequel au moins un des actionneurs (A1,i, A2,j) à mouvement hydraulique est un vérin hydraulique à double effet.
  13. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, dans lequel au moins un des actionneurs (A1,i, A2,j) possède un entraînement rotatif électrique.
  14. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, dans lequel au moins un des actionneurs (A1,i, A2,j) à entraînement électrique est un moteur linéaire.
EP17771449.0A 2016-09-26 2017-09-21 Réglage de la conicité de petit côté d'une lingotière de coulée continue, procédé et dispositif Active EP3515634B1 (fr)

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ATA50856/2016A AT519154B1 (de) 2016-09-26 2016-09-26 Regelung der Schmalseitenkonizität einer Stranggusskokille
PCT/EP2017/073914 WO2018055038A1 (fr) 2016-09-26 2017-09-21 Réglage de la conicité de petit côté d'une lingotière de coulée continue, procédé et dispositif

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DE102018215424A1 (de) * 2018-09-11 2020-03-12 Sms Group Gmbh Verstelleinrichtung für die Schmalseite einer Stranggießkokille, und Verfahren zum Verstellen einer Schmalseite einer Stranggießkokille
CN113426966B (zh) * 2021-06-11 2022-06-10 唐山钢铁集团有限责任公司 一种调节连铸结晶器锥度的器具和方法
CN115070002A (zh) * 2022-06-09 2022-09-20 安阳钢铁股份有限公司 一种连铸坯宽度的精确控制的方法
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WO2018055038A1 (fr) 2018-03-29
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