EP3514283A1 - Verfahren zur verbesserten auflösung unter verwendung eines umweltfreundlichen auflösehilfsmittels - Google Patents

Verfahren zur verbesserten auflösung unter verwendung eines umweltfreundlichen auflösehilfsmittels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3514283A1
EP3514283A1 EP18152521.3A EP18152521A EP3514283A1 EP 3514283 A1 EP3514283 A1 EP 3514283A1 EP 18152521 A EP18152521 A EP 18152521A EP 3514283 A1 EP3514283 A1 EP 3514283A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pulping
aid
pulp
terpene
lignocellulosic biomass
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EP18152521.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Jim Constantacos
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to EP18152521.3A priority Critical patent/EP3514283A1/de
Publication of EP3514283A1 publication Critical patent/EP3514283A1/de
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
    • D21C3/22—Other features of pulping processes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C1/00—Pretreatment of the finely-divided materials before digesting
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
    • D21C3/04—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts or acid anhydrides
    • D21C3/06—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts or acid anhydrides sulfur dioxide; sulfurous acid; bisulfites sulfites
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
    • D21C3/04—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts or acid anhydrides
    • D21C3/06—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts or acid anhydrides sulfur dioxide; sulfurous acid; bisulfites sulfites
    • D21C3/08—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts or acid anhydrides sulfur dioxide; sulfurous acid; bisulfites sulfites calcium bisulfite
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
    • D21C3/04—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts or acid anhydrides
    • D21C3/06—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts or acid anhydrides sulfur dioxide; sulfurous acid; bisulfites sulfites
    • D21C3/10—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts or acid anhydrides sulfur dioxide; sulfurous acid; bisulfites sulfites magnesium bisulfite
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
    • D21C3/04—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts or acid anhydrides
    • D21C3/06—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts or acid anhydrides sulfur dioxide; sulfurous acid; bisulfites sulfites
    • D21C3/12—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts or acid anhydrides sulfur dioxide; sulfurous acid; bisulfites sulfites sodium bisulfite
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
    • D21C3/04—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts or acid anhydrides
    • D21C3/06—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts or acid anhydrides sulfur dioxide; sulfurous acid; bisulfites sulfites
    • D21C3/14—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with acids, acid salts or acid anhydrides sulfur dioxide; sulfurous acid; bisulfites sulfites ammonium bisulfite
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
    • D21C3/22—Other features of pulping processes
    • D21C3/222—Use of compounds accelerating the pulping processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of improving the digestion of lignocellulose biomass used in the production of pulp, paper and paperboard products through the addition of a novel environmentally friendly pulping aid.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of improving the production of pulp, paper and paperboard products by the addition of a novel environmentally friendly pulping aid.
  • lignocellulosic materials The pulping of lignocellulosic materials is well known. As described by Smook ( Smook, Gary A., "Handbook for Pulp & Paper Technologists," 3rd ed., Angus Wilde Publications, 2002, 67-84 ), there are many pulping processes available. The pulping process of highest commercial relevance is the kraft process. Briefly described, in the kraft pulping process lignocellulosic material, typically in the form of wood chips of specified dimensions, is contacted with the "cooking liquor,” which is an aqueous mixture of pulping chemicals, principally sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide. These chemicals, in combination with temperature, pressure and time, act to break the chemical bonds between lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose, and thus liberate cellulose fibers from the lignocellulosic matrix.
  • cooking liquor an aqueous mixture of pulping chemicals, principally sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide
  • wood chips a common form of lignocellulosic biomass
  • pulping chemicals are "cooked" for a period of up to 3.5 hours or more at a temperature of about 170° C in a large pressurized vessel or digester.
  • the contents of the digester are discharged into a blow tank, wherein volatile vapors are collected and where the softened chips are allowed to disintegrate into fibers and form a slurry. Heat may also be recovered during this step.
  • Additional processing steps usually follow including: the screening of the pulp slurry to remove uncooked or partially cooked wood chips (otherwise known as "rejects”); the washing of the fibers within the pulp slurry to remove residual pulping chemicals and cook by-products such as solubilized forms of lignin degradation products; and the collection and recovery of valuable residual pulping chemicals.
  • the washed usually brown pulp is directed to the papermachine where it is formed into a final paper product.
  • the brown pulp is bleached with a combination of bleaching chemicals, such as oxygen, ozone, chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide, to achieve a specific whiteness and brightness.
  • Smook Smook, Gary A., "Handbook for Pulp & Paper Technologists," 3rd ed., Angus Wilde Publications, 2002, pp. 164-181 ) describes the variety of pulp bleaching methods that are typically used in the production of bleached pulp.
  • Pulping aids can provide benefits to the pulping process. Pulping aids are typically added directly to the pulping chemicals and thus require little-to-no additional capital investment in new pulping equipment that would otherwise limit their use.
  • An ideal pulping aid will increase the reactivity between the lignocellulose and the pulping chemicals. Under certain conditions, higher reactivity is desirable as it allows increased throughput and production levels and/or reduced bleaching costs.
  • An ideal pulping aid will also eliminate or reduce unwanted effects of the pulping process. For example, wood species contain varying amounts of extractives or resinous materials that can agglomerate and form unwanted deposits or pitch within the papermaking process. Pitch deposits are objectionable, as they are not easily removed from the pulp.
  • pitch deposits are not removed from the pulp they will be carried over to the final pulp or paper product, which can result in costly quality-related losses. Further, they will contaminate the surfaces on pulp and papermaking equipment, which will reduce operational efficiencies as, for example, when production must be interrupted to clean these surfaces.
  • Brogdon and Adiwinata Brogdon, Brian N. and John Adiwinata, "A Review of Deresinators as Digester Additives for Kraft Pulping," TAPPI 2011 PEERS Conference, TAPPI Press, October 2011, pp. 935-961 ) describe a number of methods that have been developed to reduce pitch deposits including the addition of materials and chemicals such as adsorptive minerals like bentonite and talc; sodium thiosulphate as a de-tackifying agent; and a variety of dispersants and emulsifying agents such as papermaker's alum (aluminum sulfate). Methods for enzymatic degradation of pitch and pitch precursors using lipases and other enzymes ( U.S. Pat. No.
  • anthraquinone is one well-known example.
  • AQ promotes the delignification of lignocellulose by inhibiting condensation reactions between intermediates formed during pulping and the fiber.
  • Another well-known example of a pulping aid is the use of surfactants such as ethoxylated alkyl phenols.
  • surfactants lower the surface tension of the cooking liquor and thus promote wetting with the hydrophobic components of the wood chips. Surfactants allow reacted surface constituents of the wood chip to diffuse into the bulk thus exposing new reactive surfaces to the cooking liquor. As a result, the rate of delignification is increased.
  • Surfactants can also partly solubilize wood resins or pitch thus reducing unwanted pitch deposit formation.
  • surfactants also promote foam formation.
  • Foam is generally regarded as a problem in most pulp and paper operations. For example, foam will impede the dewatering of the pulp slurry, resulting in operational inefficiencies, especially during pulp washing and papermaking.
  • pulp and paper producers will use defoaming agents, such as silicone-based emulsions ( Spence, Gavin G., "Defoamers for Brown Stock Washers," TAPPI 1997 Pulping Conference Proceedings, TAPPI Press, 1997 ). These defoamers are typically added in the fiber line at the brown stock washing and pulp bleaching unit operations.
  • defoamer adds cost and can result in unwanted deposits on both papermaking equipment and in the final pulp or paper product.
  • solvents such as the addition of kerosene as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,144,756 , wherein pitch is first dissolved by an organic solvent then emulsified in situ to be removed by subsequent pulp washing steps.
  • solvents such as aliphatic hydrocarbons
  • the flash point is the lowest temperature at which vapors of the chemical will ignite given the presence of an ignition source.
  • Pulping aids with low flash points are not desirable because they pose environmental and safety hazards.
  • Alternatives to petroleum-derived solvents, such as terpenes are well-known. Terpenes are derived from natural sources and as such are biodegradable ( U.S. Pat. No. 5,720,825 ). However, pure terpenes generally have low flash points and are thus not suitable to pulp and papermaking applications.
  • terpenes are excellent cleaning agents.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,863,385 discloses the effectiveness of oil-in-water emulsions made from hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, terpenes and other non-polar agents as general cleaning agents.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,890,405 discloses the use of d -limonene as an effective detackifier for papermachines that produce recycled paper.
  • no terpene-based pulping aid has been used in the pulping processes.
  • pulping aids have been shown to be environmentally unfriendly and/or pose safety risks. As described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,025,762 , the disposal of some pulping aids is difficult, which limits their adoption. Moreover, many pulping aids, such as AQ, have been identified as carcinogens and have been discontinued in many jurisdictions ( Hart, Peter W. and Alan W. Rudie, "Anthraquinone-A Review of the Rise and Fall of a Pulping Catalyst," TAPPI Journal, 13(10), 23-31, 2014 ).
  • Ethoxylated alkyl phenol degradation products have also been identified as being highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and organic solvents such as kerosene have long been discontinued due to their toxicity and flammability ( Brogdon, Brian N. and John Adiwinata, "A Review of Deresinators as Digester Additives for Kraft Pulping," TAPPI 2011 PEERS Conference, TAPPI Press, October 2011, pp. 935-961 ).
  • pulping aid that can improve the pulping process, enhance black liquor combustion, reduce and most probably eliminate the use of defoamers, as well as pitch control surfactants that can adversely affect papermachine runnability.
  • This pulping aid would ideally increase the reactivity between lignocellulosic biomass and the cooking liquor and remove unwanted extractives that lead to pitch deposits. In doing so, the pulping aid would increase the screened yield in the production of pulp from wood and reduce or eliminate deposits that negatively influence pulping operations and the quality attributes of the final product.
  • a safe and environmentally friendly pulping aid composed of a terpene mixture and a dispersant blend, which comprises a surfactant-based dispersant and a silicone-free defoamer.
  • the terpene component of the pulping aid is ideally derived from a class of natural products, namely cyclic terpenoids and the like, including the citrus by-product, d -limonene.
  • the pulping aid is added to the pulping process, either in the pretreatment of the lignocellulosic biomass or during digestion or both.
  • the pulping aid is designed to have a high flash point of at least 49° C to 93° C and preferably at least 60° C to 77° C to ensure safe storage and handling, and to minimize the release of harmful VOCs.
  • the pulping aid is thought to act on pitch-generating molecules or particles, especially those formed from the saponifiable (fatty and resin acids) as well as the unsaponifiable (neutrals) components released from lignocellulosic biomass, such that they can be removed during subsequent pulping operations, namely pulp washing.
  • the removal of pitch-forming chemicals from lignocelluslosic biomass makes it more accessible to the pulping chemicals, which leads to enhanced pulping characteristics.
  • the addition of the pulping aid results in a beneficial reduction in the extractives content of the pulp.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a typical batch pulping process that will be used to illustrate the typical addition points of the pulping aid. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that pulp mills with continuous digesters can equally benefit from this invention.
  • Lignocellulosic biomass such as wood chips
  • a digester (1) in which they may be subjected to a pretreatment such as preheating of the wood chips by steam or pre-impregnation of the wood chips by pulping chemicals.
  • the wood chips are then contacted by the pulping chemicals, heated to the pulping temperature, and allowed to delignify or cook. Following the digestion step, the contents of the digesters are transferred to the blow tank (2).
  • an improvement in a pulping process whereby lignocellulosic biomass is contacted by a pulping aid of this invention comprising a terpene or a blend of terpene fractions derived from natural sources such as plants, fruits and vegetables or trees to the cooking liquor, the terpene being added in an amount of at least 0.2 lb to 10 lbs per ton (2,000 lbs) of dry wood chips.
  • the pulping aid of the present invention may be utilized in a chemical pulping process. As kraft is the most widely used process, reference will be made to this process with the understanding that one may also use the pulping aid in the sulfite process or other aqueous-based pulping processes, including those processes used in the production of dissolving pulps.
  • the preferred addition points in the pulping process are either at a pretreatment stage (in the case of mills with continuous digesters) or at the digester (1) (in the case of mills with either batch or continuous digesters). It will be recognized that in an efficient recovery process either the terpene or terpene blends will be recovered in the blow tank (2), washers (4), and from recirculated process flows. The recovered terpene or terpene blends can be isolated as a by-product or used as a fuel for their heating value.
  • the terpenes and their selected fractions utilized in the present invention may be derived from a variety of sources including: plants, camphor, conifers, orange or lemon peels, as well as the sulphite process and/or the kraft process. Although some insects produce terpenes, they are not a major source thereof. It should be recognized that other suitable sources are available such as terpenes derived from the destructive distillation of rubber.
  • the terpenes used in the present invention are selected from one or more of the following terpenes: ⁇ -pinene, ⁇ -pinene, camphene, 3-carene, l -limonene, d -limonene, m -cymene, p -cymene, ⁇ -terpineol, ⁇ -phellandrene and ⁇ -phellandrene and derivatives thereof.
  • the terpenes be used in combination with an environmentally friendly dispersant blend.
  • the dispersant blend will be between 3% and 90% by weight of the final formula.
  • the preferred dispersant blend is composed of one non-phenolic alcohol ethoxylate selected from the following: decyl alcohol ethoxylate, dodecyl alcohol ethoxylate, and tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate.
  • the ethoxylated alcohols act as wetting agents and are selected in part on their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), which is typically between 13 and 14.
  • HLB hydrophilic-lipophilic balance
  • the dispersant blend includes preferably one silicone-free defoamer selected from the group of difunctional block copolymers based on ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), typically between 3 and 4.
  • HLB hydrophilic-lipophilic balance
  • the amount of silicone-free defoamer will generally be between 1% and 10% by weight of the dispersant blend.
  • the dispersant blend is nontoxic, silicone-free and readily biodegradable.
  • the volume of pulping aid added to the cooking liquor may vary widely depending on the wood species being pulped or their blends. Thus, while a certain amount of the pulping aid will give improved results, it will be understood that larger or smaller amounts may be used with the result varying accordingly. It will be further understood that the amount to add will be a question that is answered by providing the optimum amount needed to provide improved pulp properties cost effectively.
  • the volume added will further depend upon the particular terpene or mixture of terpenes added to the cooking liquor, which may vary depending on market prices. Thus, many different terpenes are available as a mixture thereof and the amount added to the pulping process will depend upon the particular make up of that mixture. It suffices to say that one skilled in the art could determine the ideal amount with appropriate experimentation.
  • the amount of pulping aid added to the digester will be at least 0.2 lbs to 10 lb per ton (2,000 lbs) of dry wood chips. It has been found that with many terpenes, this level of addition provides an improvement and at 0.5 lb per ton to 2.5 lb per ton of dry pulp, a substantial improvement in the pulping process is observed.
  • a lower H-factor is desirable as the process throughput is increased as the H-factor is lowered.
  • Rejects are wood chips that are partially defiberized or not defiberized and removed by the knotters (3). It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a lower level of rejects is preferred as the overall screened pulp yield is increased as rejects are lowered. Extractives will be recognized as the dichloromethane-extractable content of pulp, which represents a measure of such substances as waxes, fats, resins, sterols and non-volatile hydrocarbons as described by TAPPI Standard Method T 204 cm-97. All results were compared to a control.
  • a multi-day trial was used to determine the impact of the pulping aid of this invention on mill pulp production.
  • Hardwood chips comprising a majority of maple wood chips were contacted with between 0.2 lbs and 4.0 lbs of pulping aid per ton of dry pulp, the pulping aid being a mixture of 60% terpenes and 40% of a dispersant blend.
  • the H-factor was unchanged.
  • rejects were reduced by 45% and the pulp extractives content was reduced by 57.3%.
  • the incremental fiber production realized from the lower rejects level was about 14.4 dry tons per day.
  • the use of a surfactant-based pitch control chemical was eliminated and the use of defoamers was reduced by about 20%.
  • a multi-day trial was used to determine the impact of the pulping aid of this invention on mill pulp production.
  • Hardwood chips comprising a majority of aspen wood chips were contacted with between 0.2 lbs and 4.0 lbs of pulping aid per ton of dry pulp, the pulping aid being a mixture of 60% terpenes and 40% of a dispersant blend.
  • the H-factor was reduced by 8.0%; rejects were reduced by 53% and the pulp extractives content was reduced by 27.3%.
  • the pulp production rate of the mill was increased by 4.4% from the base rate.
  • the incremental fiber production realized from the lower rejects level was 7.5 dry tons per day.
  • the use of a surfactant-based pitch control chemical was eliminated and the use of defoamers was reduced by about 20%.
  • benefits observed during the trial periods included a reduction in knotter rejects, a reduction in pitch deposits, the ability to reduce pitch control chemical addition, the ability to decrease defoamer in the fiber line, and the ability to lower cooking liquor alkalinity, at reduced H-Factor, while achieving brown stock kappa number targets.

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EP18152521.3A 2018-01-19 2018-01-19 Verfahren zur verbesserten auflösung unter verwendung eines umweltfreundlichen auflösehilfsmittels Withdrawn EP3514283A1 (de)

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Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2144756A (en) 1937-10-14 1939-01-24 Nat Oil Prod Co Process of treating wood pulp to remove pitch
US4012280A (en) 1975-09-05 1977-03-15 Canadian Industries, Ltd. Delignification of lignocellulosic material with an alkaline liquor in the presence of a cyclic keto compound
DE3316988A1 (de) * 1983-05-10 1984-11-15 Jürgen 6926 Kirchardt Rohrmoser Mittel zum reinigen von maschinen und vorrichtungen sowie deren teilen
US4673460A (en) 1984-09-27 1987-06-16 Stepan Company Deresination method of wood pulp
US5139616A (en) * 1991-05-29 1992-08-18 Betz Paperchem, Inc. Reduction of stickers contamination in papermaking process using recycled paper
US5176796A (en) 1988-12-13 1993-01-05 Jujo Paper Co., Ltd. Avoiding pitch troubles using acylgerol lipase
US5679628A (en) * 1996-06-14 1997-10-21 Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. Microemulsion cleaner compositions
US5720825A (en) 1996-01-29 1998-02-24 Chemtek, Incorporated Method of cleaning tar and asphalt off of paving or other equipment using combinations of esters and terpenes
US5863385A (en) 1995-05-31 1999-01-26 Stockhausen Gmbh & Co. Kg Use of agents in the manufacture of pulp and paper
WO1999028428A1 (en) * 1997-11-28 1999-06-10 Reckitt Benckiser Inc. Concentrated liquid cleaner for hard surfaces
US6890405B1 (en) 2003-11-12 2005-05-10 Manistique Papers, Inc. Method of controlling tackiness in papermaking
US8025762B2 (en) 2002-12-23 2011-09-27 Arizona Chemical B.V. Cooking aid for improving the removal of extractives in pulp production, its production and use

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2144756A (en) 1937-10-14 1939-01-24 Nat Oil Prod Co Process of treating wood pulp to remove pitch
US4012280A (en) 1975-09-05 1977-03-15 Canadian Industries, Ltd. Delignification of lignocellulosic material with an alkaline liquor in the presence of a cyclic keto compound
DE3316988A1 (de) * 1983-05-10 1984-11-15 Jürgen 6926 Kirchardt Rohrmoser Mittel zum reinigen von maschinen und vorrichtungen sowie deren teilen
US4673460A (en) 1984-09-27 1987-06-16 Stepan Company Deresination method of wood pulp
US5176796A (en) 1988-12-13 1993-01-05 Jujo Paper Co., Ltd. Avoiding pitch troubles using acylgerol lipase
US5139616A (en) * 1991-05-29 1992-08-18 Betz Paperchem, Inc. Reduction of stickers contamination in papermaking process using recycled paper
US5863385A (en) 1995-05-31 1999-01-26 Stockhausen Gmbh & Co. Kg Use of agents in the manufacture of pulp and paper
US5720825A (en) 1996-01-29 1998-02-24 Chemtek, Incorporated Method of cleaning tar and asphalt off of paving or other equipment using combinations of esters and terpenes
US5679628A (en) * 1996-06-14 1997-10-21 Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. Microemulsion cleaner compositions
WO1999028428A1 (en) * 1997-11-28 1999-06-10 Reckitt Benckiser Inc. Concentrated liquid cleaner for hard surfaces
US8025762B2 (en) 2002-12-23 2011-09-27 Arizona Chemical B.V. Cooking aid for improving the removal of extractives in pulp production, its production and use
US6890405B1 (en) 2003-11-12 2005-05-10 Manistique Papers, Inc. Method of controlling tackiness in papermaking

Non-Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BORCHARDT, J.K.; CANO, M.L.; TORTORICI, P.L.; WALLACE, J.C.; KRAVETZ, L.; GUIN, K.F.; DUBEY, S.T.: "1998 Environmental Conference Proceedings", 1998, TAPPI PRESS, article "Environmental Aspects of Alcohol Ethoxylates in Pulp and Paper Mills. Part 1 Surfactant Chemical Structure Effects"
BROGDON, BRIAN N.; JOHN ADIWINATA: "TAPPI 2011 PEERS Conference", October 2011, TAPPI PRESS, article "A Review of Deresinators as Digester Additives for Kraft Pulping", pages: 935 - 961
HART, PETER W.; ALAN W. RUDIE: "Anthraquinone-A Review of the Rise and Fall of a Pulping Catalyst", TAPPI JOURNAL, vol. 13, no. 10, 2014, pages 23 - 31
SMOOK, GARY A.: "Handbook for Pulp & Paper Technologists, 3rd ed.", 2002, ANGUS WILDE PUBLICATIONS, pages: 164 - 181
SMOOK, GARY A.: "Handbook for Pulp & Paper Technologists, 3rd ed.", 2002, ANGUS WILDE PUBLICATIONS, pages: 67 - 84
SPENCE, GAVIN G.: "TAPPI 1997 Pulping Conference Proceedings", 1997, TAPPI PRESS, article "Defoamers for Brown Stock Washers"

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