EP3513911A1 - Machine de pressage - Google Patents

Machine de pressage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3513911A1
EP3513911A1 EP18152097.4A EP18152097A EP3513911A1 EP 3513911 A1 EP3513911 A1 EP 3513911A1 EP 18152097 A EP18152097 A EP 18152097A EP 3513911 A1 EP3513911 A1 EP 3513911A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressing
parameter
press
motor
controller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18152097.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3513911B1 (fr
Inventor
Matthias Ruch
Rudolf Kreuzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Emerson Professional Tools AG
Original Assignee
Von Arx AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Application filed by Von Arx AG filed Critical Von Arx AG
Priority to EP18152097.4A priority Critical patent/EP3513911B1/fr
Priority to US16/250,019 priority patent/US11440068B2/en
Priority to CN201910042905.8A priority patent/CN110039485B/zh
Priority to KR1020190006311A priority patent/KR20190088031A/ko
Publication of EP3513911A1 publication Critical patent/EP3513911A1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B1/00—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
    • B30B1/32—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by plungers under fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
    • B21D39/04—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of tubes with tubes; of tubes with rods
    • B21D39/048—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of tubes with tubes; of tubes with rods using presses for radially crimping tubular elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C51/00—Measuring, gauging, indicating, counting, or marking devices specially adapted for use in the production or manipulation of material in accordance with subclasses B21B - B21F
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/025—Stamping using rigid devices or tools for tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B27/00—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for
    • B25B27/02—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for for connecting objects by press fit or detaching same
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B27/00—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for
    • B25B27/02—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for for connecting objects by press fit or detaching same
    • B25B27/026—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for for connecting objects by press fit or detaching same fluid driven
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B27/00—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for
    • B25B27/02—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for for connecting objects by press fit or detaching same
    • B25B27/10—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for for connecting objects by press fit or detaching same inserting fittings into hoses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/16—Control arrangements for fluid-driven presses
    • B30B15/166—Electrical control arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/26—Programme control arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pressing machine, in particular a hand-held pressing machine, for pressing tubular workpieces, and a method for operating a pressing machine.
  • the pressing is carried out with a hand-held and motor-driven pressing tool, which can have interchangeable tools, such as press jaws of different sizes and geometries.
  • pressing tools are also known for other tasks, for example pressing tools are used for pressing, crimping or cutting workpieces, for example in the electrical industry.
  • the press jaws are arranged around the press fitting for pressing.
  • a force is exerted on the surface of the press fitting, so that the fitting is compressed and thereby plastically deformed, whereby the workpieces are securely joined together.
  • the inner tubes can undergo plastic deformation.
  • the pressing process is terminated in press machines of the prior art usually characterized in that upon reaching a certain maximum pressure on Relief valve is opened.
  • the specified maximum pressure ensures that a suitably high pressing force has been exerted on the workpiece to ensure adequate compression.
  • the termination of the pressing operation by means of a fixed overpressure valve has the disadvantage that upon reaching the maximum pressure, the pressing jaws of the pressing tool already abut each other and no deformation on the workpiece can take place more.
  • the fitting was previously compressed as much as possible during the pressing process and can no longer experience further plastic deformation.
  • the direct pressing together of the dies leads naturally to a strong wear on the tool, on the power transmission parts and on the drive motor. In addition, unnecessary electrical energy is consumed.
  • a pressing machine for plastically deforming a tubular workpiece, in particular a fitting
  • the pressing machine has a motor, and pressing jaws, which are driven by the motor and can apply a force to the workpiece during operation
  • a power transmission unit coupled to the motor and the press jaws for transmitting a force from the motor to the press jaws
  • at least one sensor unit for measuring at least one press parameter
  • a controller receiving the currently measured value of the press parameter from the sensor unit and with the latter Slope of a press parameter curve of the press parameter determined, the controller terminates a pressing operation before reaching a maximum possible pressing force when the slope of the press parameter curve of the press parameter meets a shutdown criterion.
  • the slope, ie the rise of a press parameter curve is monitored, which results during the pressing process.
  • the increase is characteristic of the increase in the pressing force on the workpiece with progressive pressing process. If the workpiece has reached the maximum deformation at the end and the pressing jaws of the pressing machine are completely closed, is carried out with further pressure increase only an elastic deformation of the pressing jaws.
  • a purely linear increase in the values of a pressing parameter can be detected, e.g. in a hydraulic pressing device a purely linear increase in the pressure-time curve or current-time curve.
  • This characteristic increase at the end of the pressing process is used by the controller to turn off the engine of the pressing machine before reaching a maximum possible pressing force and thus to end the pressing process.
  • the comparison of the slope of the press parameter curve of the measured values of the at least one press parameter with a shutdown criterion automatically takes into account the properties of the workpiece to be pressed, for example the material, the size, the design, etc., without that these properties in detail of the press machine before the respective Pressing process would have to be announced.
  • the switch-off criterion is independent of the individual properties of the workpiece to be pressed. Due to the monitoring of the slope of the press parameter curve, the controller can reliably finish the pressing operation after the plastic deformation of the workpiece regardless of the level of the pressing force from which no plastic deformation of the workpiece occurs any more.
  • one or more pressing parameters can be taken into account in any combination.
  • the consideration of several pressing parameters at the same time strengthens the robustness of the analysis compared to so-called leaks, due to redundancy. random deviations.
  • the respective switch-off criterion can be adapted to the respective process parameter or to a combination of the process parameters.
  • the switch-off criterion preferably indicates that, with a continuation of the pressing process, only an elastic deformation on the pressing jaws occurs. This is the case when the pressing jaws are completely closed and no plastic deformation of the workpiece occurs more.
  • the shutdown criteria are preferably predetermined values of the slope for a particular press parameter curve, on the basis of which the controller can automatically decide when the current press operation is terminated.
  • the power transmission unit is a hydraulic system and the sensor unit is a pressure sensor which measures the pressure in the hydraulic system as a press parameter.
  • the hydraulic pressure can be measured simply and reliably as a process parameter and provided to the controller.
  • the hydraulic pressure is in this case directly proportional to the pressing force applied to the tool, so that a reliable determination of the force curve on the pressing jaws is possible via the hydraulic pressure.
  • the sensor unit is a force sensor which measures the force at a location in the mechanical system as a press parameter.
  • the control of the present invention can also be applied to pressing devices with a purely mechanical power transmission.
  • a force is transmitted from an engine to the press jaws via one or more power transmission units.
  • the force occurring at different points in the mechanical system can be measured.
  • conventional load cells, strain gauges or similar sensors can be used.
  • the measured force is also directly proportional to the pressing force applied to the tool, so that a reliable determination of the force curve on the pressing jaws is possible via the force.
  • Preference may continue as a press parameter, a current flowing through the motor.
  • This current can be measured by means of the controller, which then preferably also assumes the task of the sensor unit. From the current flowing through the motor can also be derived from the force curve on the pressing jaws.
  • the control terminates the pressing process only when, in addition to the switch-off criterion, a predetermined minimum value for a pressing parameter (P) has been exceeded and / or when the duration of the pressing process has exceeded a minimum time.
  • P pressing parameter
  • This does not take into account start-up effects at the beginning of the pressing process or areas of the pressing process in which a plastic deformation of the workpiece regularly takes place. This reduces the risk of incorrect measurements and an unwanted premature termination of the pressing process.
  • a Reliable compression of a workpiece, as a rule requires an achieved minimum pressing force, so that under this minimum pressing force no automatic termination of the pressing process should take place.
  • the slope of the press parameter curve preferably indicates the time profile of the values of a press parameter and is preferably formed from the current and the time-preceding value of the press parameter.
  • the consideration of the time profile of a press parameter is simply possible in the form of a time series, in particular if the slope of the process parameter curve is calculated from temporally successive measured values.
  • Considering the current and previous value to determine the increase is simple and can be quickly implemented in a computational manner so that results can be real-time. Thereby, an immediate, timely control in response to the evaluation can be achieved.
  • the significantly constant, linear course of the press parameter curve during the direct pressing together of the pressing jaws at the end of the pressing process enables a robust and automatic detection of this pressing state.
  • the controller may also have a database in which shutdown criteria for certain pressing jaws and / or workpieces are stored.
  • the shutdown criteria here are preferably digital values of the slope of the process parameter curve in which an automatic shutdown is to take place.
  • the database may contain values for shutdown criteria, which may depend on the properties of the press jaws used, such as material, size, type, etc.
  • the pressing machine is an electrically driven hydraulic or mechanical hand pressing device for pressing tubular workpieces.
  • a hand pressing device pressings can be used flexibly at various locations, such as a construction site.
  • electrically driven hand presses can apply high pressing forces, which ensure reliable pressing.
  • a hydraulic manual press device for example, a hydraulic pressure of up to approximately 550 bar can be applied during operation, which acts directly on the workpiece enclosed by the pressing jaws.
  • the pressing parameter is a pressure, a force, or a current through the motor, or any combination of these parameters. These parameters are characteristic for the pressing pressure of the pressing machine.
  • the motor is preferably stopped only when, in addition to the switch-off criterion, a previously defined minimum value for a press parameter has been exceeded and / or when the duration of the press process has exceeded a minimum time.
  • the method comprises the step of reading at least one switch-off criterion from a database of the controller.
  • the switch-off criterion can be stored in a database in the control of the press machine and read, for example, suitable for the press jaws used and used in the control.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a hydraulic manual press apparatus 10 with a hydraulic power transmission unit.
  • this hydraulic hand pressure device drives a motor 20 via a gear 22 an eccentric 24 connected thereto.
  • the motor 20 is a brushless motor that is powered by a controller 40 with appropriately modulated power from a battery or a wired power supply (not shown).
  • the transmission 22 reduces the speed of the motor 20 and increases the torque.
  • the eccentric 24 connected to the transmission converts the rotational movement of the output shaft of the transmission 22 into a one-dimensional oscillating motion to drive a piston pump 27 of the hydraulic system 26.
  • the piston pump 27 pumps due to their movement a hydraulic fluid from a reservoir in a working cylinder 25, whereby the hydraulic pressure in the working cylinder 25 increases.
  • the increasing hydraulic pressure pushes a piston 28 movably guided in the cylinder in the representation of Fig. 1 to the left, towards the mounting area for replaceable dies 30 (not shown in detail).
  • the piston 28 can transfer very high pressures to the dies.
  • the piston 28 is mechanically connected to rollers 29, which move with the movement of the piston 28.
  • the rollers 29 move in a conventional manner between inclined ends of pressing jaws 30, which are thus closed and can plastically deform the workpiece with high force. In operation, this transfers the hydraulic pressure directly proportional to the connected pressing jaw 30, and generates a directly proportional to the hydraulic pressure pressing force F on the workpiece, which is directly proportional to the.
  • the hydraulic pressure P in the hydraulic system 26 can be easily measured by means of a pressure sensor 42.
  • the pressure sensor 42 communicates the measured pressure signal via signal lines or wirelessly to the controller 40 by means of a corresponding radio transmission.
  • Wireless signal transmission means such as common digital wireless connections such as e.g. Bluetooth, NFC or the like can be used.
  • Analog signals from the pressure sensor 42 can be converted into digital signals in an A / D converter so that they can be evaluated by the digital controller 40.
  • the controller 40 has for this purpose at least one digital processing unit, such as a microcontroller, DSP, FPGA, ASIC or the like.
  • the control unit may have a database (not shown) stored on data storage devices in which predetermined values required for the evaluation can be retrieved.
  • controller 40 via control electronics (not shown) corresponding control signals to the motor 20 from.
  • the motor 20 is controlled by means of these control signals to operate at a certain controlled speed and stop it at the end of the pressing process.
  • the pressing machine may also be designed as a purely mechanical hand pressing device with a mechanical power transmission unit.
  • a motor generates a rotational movement, which is transmitted via a transmission to at least one mechanical power transmission unit, for example a lever or a screw drive.
  • the mechanical power transmission unit converts the rotational movement into a linear movement, which, according to the above-described hydraulic manual pressure device 10 of the Fig. 1 , Moves high force rollers that move the press jaws. Due to the increasing force of the pressing jaws, a workpiece, for example a fitting that is located between the pressing jaws, is plastically deformed.
  • Force sensors for measuring the force F transmitted to the tool by the motor may be located at various locations in the mechanical hand press to measure a force proportional to the pressing force F and to signal it to the controller.
  • the current absorbed by the motor 40 also behaves proportional to the motor torque and thus to the pressing force F on the pressing jaws.
  • the Fig. 2 shows a graphical representation of measured Pressparameterkurven K1, K2 and K3 of prior art presses, which represent hydraulic pressure values P over time.
  • the press parameter curve K1 was recorded during pressing without a fitting inserted between them, ie with "empty" press jaws.
  • the press parameter curve K2 was recorded when pressing a fitting made of a first material with the same pressing jaws as curve K1.
  • the material of the fitting was a comparatively soft material, such as copper.
  • the press parameter curve K3 was recorded during the compression of a fitting made of a second material.
  • the material of this fitting had a greater strength than in curve K2 and is stainless steel in one embodiment.
  • the curve of the press parameter curve K2 shows an earlier increase in hydraulic pressure than the press parameter curve K1, since there is a fitting made of a soft material between the press jaws. From the time T1 K2 the press parameter curve K2 again increases linearly, since at this time the actual pressing process is completed, the fitting has been completely plastically deformed and the pressing jaws are completely closed and rest on one another.
  • the linear increase .DELTA.T K2 occurs with a substantially same slope as that of the curve K1.
  • the overpressure valve opens again at time T2 K2 and curve K2 drops very quickly to a minimum pressure.
  • the press parameter curve K3 increases more than the press parameter curve K2 due to the harder material of the fitting to be pressed. Furthermore, in the curve K3 a higher pressure must be applied overall than in the case of the curve K2 in order to close the pressing jaws and completely plastically deform the fitting.
  • the curve of K 3 becomes linear, which indicates the end of the actual pressing operation and signals that the pressing jaws are completely closed and abut one another.
  • the slope of the linear range ⁇ T K3 substantially corresponds to the slope of the linear ranges ⁇ T K1 and ⁇ T K2 .
  • This slope of the press parameter curve is therefore a characteristic measure of the end of the actual pressing operation on the workpiece.
  • the time period .DELTA.T K1 is significantly greater or longer than the time period .DELTA.T K2 of the curve K2 or time period .DELTA.T K3 of the curve K3.
  • the longer the time interval .DELTA.T the longer the pressing jaws of the hand press device lie directly on each other and press directly against each other.
  • the curves K1, K2 and K3 would be correspondingly given if, instead of the hydraulic pressure over time, a force acting mechanically in the system or the current through the motor 20 were plotted over time. Again, from a linear increase of the curve with a characteristic slope, the end of the pressing process and the juxtaposition of the pressing jaws can be seen.
  • Fig. 3 shows an example of the curve of the press parameter curve K2, if now a controller 40 according to the invention is used.
  • the controller 40 determines the slope of the press parameter curve K2 and can recognize from this whether the actual pressing operation is completed on the workpiece.
  • the controller 40 compares the slope of the press parameter curve K2 with a switch-off criterion, ie in the present case a characteristic pitch of the press jaws used in the fully closed state. If the slope meets the switch-off criterion, which the control determines or calculates, it terminates the pressing process by switching off the motor 20 or no longer supplying it with power.
  • the controller 40 can end the pressing operation reliably, before unnecessarily a maximum possible pressing force Pmax is reached. This significantly reduces the wear in the press, the energy required and the time required. The savings are greater when pressing softer fittings than when pressing harder fittings.
  • the shutdown of the motor 20 can be made dependent on the controller 40 in addition to other conditions, such as to detect outliers of Pressparameterkurve and exclude. So in addition to Abschaltkriterium it be necessary for a shutdown of the motor 20 that a predetermined minimum value for a pressing parameter P has been exceeded and / or it may be necessary that the duration of the pressing process has exceeded a minimum time Tmin.
  • the minimum value is a minimum pressure Pmin K2 which defines a time T0 K2 at which the controller 40 determines, for each measured press parameter value, an increase (represented by a slope triangle 44) between the current and previous values and compares it with the shutdown criterion.
  • the minimum pressure Pmin can be generally fixed, or can be variable, for example, depending on the press jaws or the workpiece used. Equivalent, for example, a minimum current at the motor 20 can be used as a criterion for the time To.
  • the controller 40 From time T1 K2 , the slope value determined by the controller 40 coincides with a predetermined slope value stored in the database of the controller 40 as the switch-off criterion. From this point in time T1 K2 on, the controller 40 then preferably determines the number of rise values which are the same in a time range.
  • a specific predetermined number of a slope value of the pressing parameter P of the curve K2 serves as a switch-off criterion. Wherein this switch-off criterion is met in the present embodiment at the time T3 K2 .
  • the pressing operation is then stopped by the controller 40.
  • the controller 40 and the engine requires a reaction time between the Time points T3 K2 and T2 K2 .
  • time T2 K2 is the engine 20 and the hydraulic pressure Pstopp K2 remains constant.
  • the pressure relief valve or a return valve is opened by the controller 40 at time T4 K2 , as a result of which the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic system of the pressing device drops to a minimum or nominal value.
  • Fig. 3 is shown by dashed line K2 'for comparison of the curve of the press parameter curve K2 according to the prior art without the control according to the invention. Without the control according to the invention, as in Fig. 2 shown, the pressing process until reaching a maximum pressure Pmax K2 done. Only when this maximum pressure Pmax K2 was reached would the overpressure valve open and the hydraulic pressure would drop to a minimum value, whereby the pressing process would not be completed until the overpressure valve was opened.
  • Fig. 3 is still a pressure difference .DELTA.P K2 can be seen, extending between the pressure when switching off the motor Pstopp K2 invention and the set maximum pressure Pmax K2 (overpressure protection).
  • This pressure difference .DELTA.P K2 represents the saved, otherwise applied by the engine 20 pressure.
  • the pressure difference .DELTA.P K2 also represents the energy saved with the present invention, since the engine does not have to do any work after it is switched off at time T2.
  • the greater the pressure difference .DELTA.P the more effective the saving is by the present invention. It will be larger on soft workpieces than on harder workpieces such as off Fig. 2 seen.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Control Of Presses (AREA)
EP18152097.4A 2018-01-17 2018-01-17 Machine de pressage Active EP3513911B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18152097.4A EP3513911B1 (fr) 2018-01-17 2018-01-17 Machine de pressage
US16/250,019 US11440068B2 (en) 2018-01-17 2019-01-17 Press machine
CN201910042905.8A CN110039485B (zh) 2018-01-17 2019-01-17 压机
KR1020190006311A KR20190088031A (ko) 2018-01-17 2019-01-17 프레스 장치

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18152097.4A EP3513911B1 (fr) 2018-01-17 2018-01-17 Machine de pressage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3513911A1 true EP3513911A1 (fr) 2019-07-24
EP3513911B1 EP3513911B1 (fr) 2021-06-30

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ID=61002907

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18152097.4A Active EP3513911B1 (fr) 2018-01-17 2018-01-17 Machine de pressage

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US11440068B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3513911B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20190088031A (fr)
CN (1) CN110039485B (fr)

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WO2022271632A1 (fr) * 2021-06-21 2022-12-29 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Systèmes et procédés d'évaluation d'applications de sertissage
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CN117704286A (zh) * 2023-12-25 2024-03-15 玉得气体有限责任公司 一种中低压氮压机配合控制方法

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CN110039485B (zh) 2021-10-08
US20190217357A1 (en) 2019-07-18
EP3513911B1 (fr) 2021-06-30
CN110039485A (zh) 2019-07-23
US11440068B2 (en) 2022-09-13
KR20190088031A (ko) 2019-07-25

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