EP3513420B1 - Engagement relay for and a method for operating an electric machine, preferably embodied as a starter device, with an engagement relay - Google Patents

Engagement relay for and a method for operating an electric machine, preferably embodied as a starter device, with an engagement relay Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3513420B1
EP3513420B1 EP17769070.8A EP17769070A EP3513420B1 EP 3513420 B1 EP3513420 B1 EP 3513420B1 EP 17769070 A EP17769070 A EP 17769070A EP 3513420 B1 EP3513420 B1 EP 3513420B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
driver
stop
movable part
pinion
thrust motor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17769070.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3513420B8 (en
EP3513420A1 (en
Inventor
Johan Matsinger
Viktor Bojarkin
Oliver Neumann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
DAF Trucks NV
Original Assignee
SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
DAF Trucks NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SEG Automotive Germany GmbH, DAF Trucks NV filed Critical SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
Publication of EP3513420A1 publication Critical patent/EP3513420A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3513420B1 publication Critical patent/EP3513420B1/en
Publication of EP3513420B8 publication Critical patent/EP3513420B8/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0851Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/087Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/06Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
    • F02N15/067Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement the starter comprising an electro-magnetically actuated lever
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/20Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature movable inside coil and substantially lengthwise with respect to axis thereof; movable coaxially with respect to coil
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/34Means for adjusting limits of movement; Mechanical means for adjusting returning force
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/64Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact
    • H01H50/66Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact with lost motion
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/02Non-polarised relays
    • H01H51/04Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
    • H01H51/06Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in one direction due to energisation of an electromagnet and after the electromagnet is de-energised is returned by energy stored during the movement in the first direction, e.g. by using a spring, by using a permanent magnet, by gravity
    • H01H51/065Relays having a pair of normally open contacts rigidly fixed to a magnetic core movable along the axis of a solenoid, e.g. relays for starting automobiles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors

Definitions

  • this thrust motor comprising windings and a movable part.
  • the thrust motor is used to move a switching axis to electrically connect contacts and thus to close a circuit of a starter motor.
  • the movable part is also connected to a driver, which in turn interacts with an engagement lever for engaging a pinion.
  • a starting device with an engaging relay in which the movable part of the engaging relay is connected to a driver that is relatively movable to the movable part.
  • the engagement relay it can happen that the pinion rests on the face of the ring gear of the internal combustion engine and a contact device is switched on for switching on a starter motor of the starting device. A maximum current may flow through the contact device and thus through the starter motor, while the pinion is still in contact with the ring gear.
  • an engagement relay for an electrical machine and a method for operating an electrical machine, in particular designed as a starting device, with an engagement relay having the features of the independent patent claims are proposed.
  • the advantages of the invention of the engagement relay are that the proposed arrangement ensures that switching on the contact device of the engagement relay in order to switch on a starter motor of the starting device can only be closed when the pinion is at least partially engaged in the ring gear of the internal combustion engine. As a result, there is a risk that the pinion will jump over a tooth gap in the toothed ring and thereby the toothed ring or the pinion itself will no longer be damaged ("ratcheting"). By the gap or the associated stop of the stop part with the driver, the closing of the contact device is for Switching of the starter motor is prevented mechanically if the pinion is not at least partially meshed with the ring gear.
  • FIG 1 a view of a starting device 10 with part of an on-board network 13 is shown schematically. Furthermore, at the left end is the Figure 1 A toothed ring 15 of an internal combustion engine 17 is shown in detail.
  • the starting device 10 has an engaging relay 20, an engaging lever 22, a starter motor 23 and also, among other things, a pinion 25 Figure 1
  • the part of the vehicle electrical system shown shows a power supply 27, typically referred to as a starter battery, and a start switch 28.
  • the in Figure 1 The circuit shown shows the circuit or current path via which the electrical energy supply of the starting device 10 takes place.
  • the engagement relay 20 is connected to a positive pole of the power supply 27 via a so-called terminal 30.
  • the current then runs into the starter motor 23 via a so-called terminal 45.
  • a contact bridge 50 onto what is known as a plus bolt 51 and a minus bolt 52. Then, when the start switch 28 is closed, a current flows through the positive bolt 51, the contact bridge 50 and the negative bolt 52 into the starter motor 23 and drives it at full power.
  • two auxiliary contacts 53 and 54 are electrically conductively connected to one another by the contact bridge 50 or, alternatively, a similar contact. This leads to a pull-in winding 55 being energized.
  • this engagement relay 20 for actuating the contact bridge 50 has an apparatus, referred to here as a thrust motor 60 with the movable part 57, which, by energizing the pull-in winding 55 and also a holding winding 63, develops a force that enables the contact bridge 50 Via the movable part 57 - preferably designed as a magnet armature - to move against various resistances (springs for example).
  • FIG. 2 a more specific embodiment of the engagement relay 20 with the thrust motor 60 is shown in an initial position.
  • a contact device 65 is shown, to which, inter alia, the contact bridge 50, the plus bolt 51 and the minus bolt 52 belong.
  • this also includes an auxiliary contact 53 and an auxiliary contact 54.
  • these two auxiliary contacts 53, 54 serve to energize a pull-in winding 55 after the start switch 28 has been closed.
  • the contact bridge 50 is seated on a switching axis 67, which is passed through a magnetic yoke 70.
  • the contact bridge 50 is seated on an insulating sleeve 72.
  • the insulation sleeve 72 is inserted and guided in a cylindrical recess in the magnetic yoke 70.
  • a contact compression spring 73 is supported at its left end and thus at an end facing away from the contact bridge 50, on a shoulder of the switching axis 67, also not designated in detail from.
  • a stop element 75 rests on a pin 76 of reduced diameter.
  • the stop element 75 preferably designed as a simple perforated plate - rests with a surface which is directed towards the contact bridge 50 against a bottom 77 of a blind hole-like recess 78.
  • the blind hole-like recess 78 is made at one end 79 of the movable part 57. This end 79 faces away from the contact bridge 50.
  • the movable part 57 has - starting from the base 77 - a through opening 80 in the manner of a through hole.
  • the switching axis 67 is supported in this through opening 80 by means of a sliding bush 81.
  • a contact restoring spring 82 is supported on an end face of the sliding bush 81, which is not designated in detail and which is directed towards the contact bridge 50. At another end of the contact return spring 82, the latter is supported on the magnetic yoke 70.
  • a guide element 83 adjoins the end 79 of the movable part 57, which is preferably embodied here as a bushing, for example. This guide element 83 is fixed in place at its end facing the movable part 57.
  • a stop part 84 and a driver 85 are arranged in this guide element 83.
  • the stop part 84 and the driver 85 are held at a distance by a spring 86, which is designed here as a compression spring, for example, and by a force exerted by this spring 86.
  • the driver 85 is constructed as follows: from the side facing the movable part 57, a section 87 follows, which is particularly preferred and is designed here, for example, as a ring-like collar. This section 87 has an outer circumference with a radially outwardly directed surface 88. The driver 85 is guided in the guide element 83 with this radially outwardly directed surface 88. This enables the driver 85 to be guided precisely in the guide element 83 in the direction of an axis 89 which corresponds to a direction during switching and thus the movement of the contact bridge 50 and the movement of the movable part 57. In the direction facing away from the movable part 57, the driver 85 has a section 90 which is particularly preferably designed as an annular cylinder.
  • a preferably circular end face 91 At the end of the section 90 furthest away from the movable part 57 there is a preferably circular end face 91. Between this end face 91 and an end face of the stop element 75 there extends a return spring 92, which is particularly preferably designed as a compression spring. Between the end face 91 and a further end face 93 is a connecting section 94. In the direction facing away from the movable part 57, a slot 95 follows in the driver 85, which is particularly preferably designed as a longitudinal slot. A further end face 96 is located in the direction that is remote from the movable part 57, so that the slot 95 extends in the direction of the axis 89 between the two end faces 93 and 96.
  • the end face 96 is followed by an end section 97, which at this point preferably connects side parts of the slot 95, preferably in one piece.
  • the driver 85 thus includes, inter alia, the section 87 as a ring-like collar, the section 90, the connecting section 94, the side parts of the slot 95 and the end section 97.
  • the stop part 84 is particularly preferably constructed like a disk. It has a preferably disk-like pin part 98 which itself has an end face 99 directed in the direction of the axis 89 and at the same time towards the end face 96. Also directed in the direction of the axis 89 and, in this case, aligned with the end face 93, the pin part 98 has a further end face 100. the pin part 98 extends particularly preferably between the two end faces 99 and 100. The pin part 98 is guided at its end directed in the direction of the contact bridge 50 by means of a guide device 101 in the guide element 83 in such a way that the stop part 84 carries out a preferably exclusively axial movement, which runs in the direction of the axis 89.
  • the guide device 101 has two arms 102 extending from the pin part 98. Both arms 102 each have a guide section 103 which extends like a rod in the direction of the axis 89. These guide sections 103 have a surface 104 pointing away from the axis 89, ie radially outward from there, over which the stop part 84 is guided in the guide element 83 in such a way that this stop part 84 is movably guided in the direction of the axis 89 is.
  • a section of the engagement lever 22 engages in the installed state of the engagement relay 20. Due to a preferred installation position of the engagement relay 20 relative to a housing of the starting device 10, the driver 85 lifts the section 87 from a stop element 110 when the engagement lever 22 is inserted into the slot 95 (distance w not equal to zero).
  • FIG. 2 shows the rest position of the engagement relay 20
  • Figure 3 shows Figure 3 the engaging relay 20 shortly after the engaging relay 20 is switched on with an already slightly changed position of the movable part 57.
  • the stop element 75 with its surface facing the contact bridge 50 is already slightly lifted from the surface or the bottom 77 of the movable part 57. Accordingly, there is a distance d between the stop element 75 and the floor 77.
  • the situation shown in this figure is intended to show a situation of the mechanics in the engaging relay 20 or in the starter or the starting device 10, in which all so-called backlashes, ie axial play in the starting device 10 or the engaging relay, up to the imminent shifting of the pinion 25 20 are used up.
  • Such slack can be or are, for example, distances between the end face 99 and an upper end of the engagement lever 22. Furthermore, slacks that can act between the engagement lever 22 and a pinion shaft 106 are also possible. In this situation, a gap s between the end faces 100 and 93 is preferably still of the size that is also shown during the rest position Figure 2 present. A distance a still corresponds to a distance between the ring gear 15 and the pinion 25 in the idle state. A distance k which exists between a contact bridge 50 and the auxiliary contacts 53, 54 is still zero here. This means that the pull-in winding 55 is energized.
  • the engagement relay 20 for an electrical machine which is preferably used as a starting device 10 for engaging a pinion 25, is thus disclosed.
  • the engagement relay 20 has a contact device 65 for connecting electrical contacts 120, 121.
  • the electrical contact 120 is connected in particular to a plus bolt 51 and the electrical contact 121 in particular to a minus bolt 52.
  • the engagement relay has a thrust motor 60 which is used to move the switching axis 67.
  • the thrust motor 60 has a movable part 57, which is preferably designed as a magnet armature. Accordingly, the thrust motor 60 is designed, for example, as a so-called lifting magnet.
  • the movable part 57 serves to actuate the switching axis 67.
  • the movable part 57 is connected to a driver 85.
  • a stop part 84 is movable relative to the movable part 57 of the thrust motor 60, and when the engagement relay 20 is in a state of rest there is a gap s between the stop part 84 and the driver 85.
  • a spring 86 holds the stop member 84 and the driver 85 at a distance.
  • a compression spring is arranged between the stop part 84 and the driver 85. This means that it is provided in particular that the spring 86 is designed as a compression spring.
  • the stop part 84 and the driver 85 are guided against one another. In particular, it is provided that the stop part 84 and the driver 85 are guided directly against one another.
  • the peg part 98 is designed in particular in the manner of a plate and can therefore be guided easily in the slot 95 with the plate-like surfaces of the peg part 98. This means that the stop part 84 seated in the slot 95 cannot be rotated about the axis 89. A small torsional backlash is only possible, particularly preferably, in order to prevent an undesired blockage between the two parts.
  • a pin part 98 which is designed in particular in the manner of a plate, engages in a slot 95 of the driver 85 and, as a result, the stop part 84 and the driver 85 are guided against one another.
  • the stop part 84 has a radially outwardly directed surface 104, the stop part 84 being guided in the guide element 83 by means of this surface 104.
  • the component driver 85 interacting with the stop part 84 has a section 87, in particular designed as a ring-like collar, which has a radially outwardly directed surface 88, the driver 85 being guided with this surface 88 in the guide element 83.
  • the driver 85 has a collar-like section 87 and the switching axis 67 has a stop element 75, in particular at its end facing the driver 85, in particular carries it.
  • a further stop element 110 is arranged between the collar-like section 87 and the stop element 75, which in the idle state, in particular the non-installed engagement relay 20, is a stop for the collar-like section 87 and in the switching state a stop for the further stop element 75 , in particular the switching axis 67.
  • the further stop element 110 is held between the guide element 83, in particular a collar 125, of the guide element 83 designed as a bushing, and an end face 128 of the movable part 57.
  • a starting device 10 with an engaging relay 20 according to one of the embodiment variants described above is provided.
  • Figure 4 shows the engagement relay 20 in the starting device 10 in a situation in which a distance a between the pinion 25 and the ring gear 15 is now zero.
  • the distances s and k are preferably unchanged, ie the distance for k is as already in FIG Figure 3 in principle zero, since the contact bridge 50 is in contact with the auxiliary contacts 53, 54.
  • the representations of the distance k are in Figure 3 and Figure 4 symbolic.
  • a pinion 25 is designed as a so-called plug-in pinion, as is the case in the exemplary embodiment, but not necessarily the case, there is a further distance m, which denotes a so-called plug-in pinion path.
  • the pull-in winding 55 is energized. Since the starter motor 23 is arranged in the current path of the pull-in winding 55 and the current is so large that the starter motor 23 rotates, ultimately a pinion 25 also rotates. Furthermore, this means that the stop element 110 according to the illustration Figure 6 presses on the stop element 75. The distance d has therefore now reached its maximum. Furthermore, the distance or gap s between the two end faces 93, 100 has now decreased. In the course of the increase in the distance w or, if applicable, the emergence of the distance w, a gap or distance k not equal to zero is now also established.
  • the gap s is now also compared to the previous states, which in the Figures 2 to 5 shown reduced in size.
  • the driver 85 compared with the situation according to Figure 5 , its position has not changed, since the distances a and m have not changed, and the end section 97 with its end face 96 rests unchanged against the upper end of the engagement lever 22.
  • a method for operating an electrical machine, in particular designed as a starter device 10, with an electrical starter motor 23 and with an engagement relay 20, wherein after the engagement relay 20 is switched on, a contact device 65 is to be actuated and a switch of the circuit of the starter motor 23 is thereby closed is, wherein a movable part 57 of a thrust motor 60 of the engaging relay '20 is connected to a driver 85 and by an engagement movement of the movable part 57 of the driver 85 on an engaging lever 22 causes an engaging force to engage a pinion 25 in a ring gear 15, wherein A stop part 84 is arranged between the movable part 57 of the thrust motor 60 and the driver 85, initially with a gap s with an initial size between the driver 85 and the stop part 84 and when moving the movable part 57 of the thrust motor 60 when switching the gap s we downsized d.
  • the gap s is reduced.
  • the movable part 57 of the thrust motor 60 is prevented from moving further and, as a result, further movement of the switching axis 67 and thereby closing of the contact device 65 is initially stopped.
  • FIG 7 a further state of the engagement relay 20 or the starting device 10 is shown.
  • This state follows the state shown in Figure 6 is shown.
  • the distances a and m are still zero.
  • the distance k increases, in other words, the distance between the contact bridge 50 and the contact surface of the positive pin 51 or the contact surface of the negative pin 52 becomes smaller.
  • the gap s is now also zero, ie the distance between the stop part 84 and the driver 85 cannot be reduced any further.
  • the distance v can accordingly no longer be increased in this situation either. This also applies to the distance w.
  • a stop element 75 arranged on the switching axis 67 is placed against the stop element 110 on the movable part 57 of the thrust motor 60. Before or after the stop element 75 arranged on the switching axis 67 is applied to the stop element 110 on the movable part 57 of the thrust motor 60, the driver 85 is removed from the stop element 110 on the movable part 57 of the thrust motor 60, and thereby a spring force of the spring 86 between the stop part 84 and the driver 85 enlarged.
  • a so-called “blind circuit” of the starting device 10 occurs, ie the start switch 28 has been actuated (starting device 10 switched on), but the pinion 25 cannot mesh with the ring gear 15. Accordingly, in this situation it is necessary to switch off the starting device 10 so that a holding winding 115 is switched off and does not overheat.
  • Such a shutdown can either be done manually by the vehicle driver (manual opening of the Start switch 28) or by a control device, not shown here or shown in more detail, which detects this situation (no engagement of the pinion 25 in the ring gear 15 possible) and then automatically, e.g. B. after the lapse of time, temperature of a winding, such as a holding winding 115, the circuit to the starting device 10 opens.
  • the movement of the movable part 57 enables the stop element 110 to move forward, so that a force continues to act on the stop element 75 and consequently also on the switching axis 67 in the direction of the contact bridge 50.
  • the contact bridge 50 will touch the contact surface of the positive bolt 51 and the negative bolt 52 and thereby close the main current path of the starter motor 23.
  • the movable part 57 of the thrust motor 60 is thus moved and the switch of the circuit of the starter motor 23 is thereby closed.
  • the starter motor 23 will then drive the pinion 25 with maximum power and the internal combustion engine 17 can be started.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Aus der EP 2 288 805 A2 ist ein Einrückrelais mit einem Schubmotor bekannt, wobei dieser Schubmotor Wicklungen sowie einen beweglichen Teil umfasst. Der Schubmotor dient zum Verschieben einer Schaltachse zum elektrischen Verbinden von Kontakten und somit zum Schließen eines Stromkreises eines Startermotors. Der bewegliche Teil ist ferner mit einem Mitnehmer verbunden, welcher wiederum mit einem Einrückhebel zum Einspuren eines Ritzels zusammenwirkt.From the EP 2 288 805 A2 an engagement relay with a thrust motor is known, this thrust motor comprising windings and a movable part. The thrust motor is used to move a switching axis to electrically connect contacts and thus to close a circuit of a starter motor. The movable part is also connected to a driver, which in turn interacts with an engagement lever for engaging a pinion.

Auch aus der DE 197 27 545 A1 ist eine Startvorrichtung mit einem Einrückrelais bekannt, bei dem der bewegliche Teil des Einrückrelais mit einem zu dem beweglichen Teil relativ beweglichen Mitnehmer verbunden ist. Bei dieser Art der Gestaltung des Einrückrelais kann es dazu kommen, dass das Ritzel stirnseitig am Zahnkranz der Brennkraftmaschine anliegt und eine Kontakteinrichtung zum Einschalten eines Startermotors der Startvorrichtung eingeschaltet wird. Dabei fließt ggf. ein maximaler Strom durch die Kontakteinrichtung und damit durch den Startermotor, während das Ritzel noch am Zahnkranz anliegt.Also from the DE 197 27 545 A1 a starting device with an engaging relay is known in which the movable part of the engaging relay is connected to a driver that is relatively movable to the movable part. With this type of design of the engagement relay, it can happen that the pinion rests on the face of the ring gear of the internal combustion engine and a contact device is switched on for switching on a starter motor of the starting device. A maximum current may flow through the contact device and thus through the starter motor, while the pinion is still in contact with the ring gear.

Demgegenüber soll mit den Maßnahmen der vorgeschlagenen Erfindung eine Verbesserung erzielt werden.In contrast, the measures of the proposed invention are intended to achieve an improvement.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Erfindungsgemäß werden ein Einrückrelais für eine elektrische Maschine sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer insbesondere als Startvorrichtung ausgebildeten elektrischen Maschine mit einem Einrückrelais mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Patentansprüche vorgeschlagen.According to the invention, an engagement relay for an electrical machine and a method for operating an electrical machine, in particular designed as a starting device, with an engagement relay having the features of the independent patent claims are proposed.

Die Vorteile der Erfindung des Einrückrelais bestehen darin, dass durch die vorgeschlagene Anordnung erreicht wird, dass ein Einschalten der Kontakteinrichtung des Einrückrelais um einen Startermotor der Startvorrichtung einzuschalten, zwingend erst dann geschlossen werden kann, wenn das Ritzel zumindest teilweise im Zahnkranz der Brennkraftmaschine eingespurt ist. Dadurch ist ein Risiko, wonach das Ritzel eine Zahnlücke im Zahnkranz überspringt und dadurch der Zahnkranz oder das Ritzel selbst beschädigt wird ("Ratschen") nicht mehr gegeben. Durch den Spalt bzw. den damit verbundenen Anschlag des Anschlagsteils mit dem Mitnehmer wird das Schließen der Kontakteinrichtung zum Schalten des Startermotors mechanisch verhindert, wenn das Ritzel in den Zahnkranz nicht zumindest teilweise eingespurt ist. Dies führt zu einer so genannten "Blindschaltung", bei der zwar beispielsweise das Zündstartschloss betätigt, aber der Starter bzw. die Startvorrichtung nicht eingeschaltet wird. Die Brennkraftmaschine wird dadurch nicht gestartet, "Ratschen" zwischen dem Ritzel und dem Zahnkranz wird verhindert. Entsprechende Vorteile gehen mit dem ebenfalls beanspruchten erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren einher.The advantages of the invention of the engagement relay are that the proposed arrangement ensures that switching on the contact device of the engagement relay in order to switch on a starter motor of the starting device can only be closed when the pinion is at least partially engaged in the ring gear of the internal combustion engine. As a result, there is a risk that the pinion will jump over a tooth gap in the toothed ring and thereby the toothed ring or the pinion itself will no longer be damaged ("ratcheting"). By the gap or the associated stop of the stop part with the driver, the closing of the contact device is for Switching of the starter motor is prevented mechanically if the pinion is not at least partially meshed with the ring gear. This leads to what is known as a "blind circuit" in which, for example, the ignition lock is actuated, but the starter or the starting device is not switched on. The internal combustion engine is not started as a result, "ratcheting" between the pinion and the ring gear is prevented. Corresponding advantages are associated with the method according to the invention, which is also claimed.

Figurencharacters

Die Erfindung ist anhand von verschiedenen Figuren ausführlich erklärt:

Figur 1
zeigt eine schematische Ansicht einer Startvorrichtung mit einem Einrückrelais, verschaltet in einem Bordnetz eines Kraftfahrzeugs,
Figur 2
zeigt ein Einrückrelais in einem Längsschnitt, die
Figuren 3 bis 7
zeigen zumindest ausschnittweise das Relais im Längsschnitt zu verschiedenen Bewegungssituationen.
The invention is explained in detail using various figures:
Figure 1
shows a schematic view of a starting device with an engagement relay, connected in an on-board network of a motor vehicle,
Figure 2
shows an engagement relay in a longitudinal section, the
Figures 3 to 7
show at least parts of the relay in a longitudinal section for different movement situations.

Gleiche Bauteile sind mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.The same components are provided with the same reference symbols.

In Figur 1 ist schematisch eine Ansicht einer Startvorrichtung 10 mit einem Teil eines Bordnetzes 13 dargestellt. Des Weiteren ist am linken Ende der Figur 1 ausschnittweise ein Zahnkranz 15 einer Brennkraftmaschine 17 dargestellt. Die Startvorrichtung 10 hat ein Einrückrelais 20, einen Einrückhebel 22, einen Startermotor 23 und des Weiteren und unter anderem auch ein Ritzel 25. Der in der Figur 1 dargestellte Teil des Bordnetzes zeigt eine typischer Weise als Starterbatterie bezeichnete Stromversorgung 27 und einen Startschalter 28. Der in Figur 1 dargestellte Stromkreis zeigt den Stromkreis bzw. Strompfad, über den die elektrische Energieversorgung der Startvorrichtung 10 erfolgt. Hierzu ist das Einrückrelais 20 über eine so genannte Klemme 30 mit einem Pluspol der Stromversorgung 27 verbunden. Über eine so genannte Klemme 45 verläuft dann der Strom in den Startermotor 23. Hierzu wird durch Einschalten bzw. Aktivieren des Einrückrelais' 20 eine Kontaktbrücke 50 auf einen so genannten Plusbolzen 51 und einen Minusbolzen 52 zubewegt. Dann fließt bei geschlossenem Startschalter 28 ein Strom über den Plusbolzen 51, die Kontaktbrücke 50 und den Minusbolzen 52 in den Startermotor 23 und treibt diesen mit voller Leistung an. Mit dem Einschalten des Startschalters 28 und dabei noch vor Aktivierung bzw. Bewegung der Kontaktbrücke 50 sind durch die Kontaktbrücke 50 oder alternativ einen ähnlichen Kontakt zwei Hilfskontakte 53 bzw. 54 miteinander elektrisch leitend verbunden. Dies führt dazu, dass eine Einzugswicklung 55 bestromt ist. Solange dann die Kontaktbrücke 50 oder der andere nicht näher bezeichnete Hilfskontakt diese elektrische Verbindung zur Einzugswicklung 55 nicht öffnet, zieht die Einzugswicklung 55 einen beweglichen Teil 57, der beispielsweise als so genannter Magnetanker ausgeführt sein kann, in die Einzugswicklung 55 hinein. Des Weiteren sei erwähnt, dass dieses Einrückrelais 20 zum Betätigen der Kontaktbrücke 50 einen hier als Schubmotor 60 bezeichneten Apparat mit dem beweglichen Teil 57 aufweist, der durch Bestromen der Einzugswicklung 55 und auch einer Haltewicklung 63 eine Kraft entwickelt, die es ermöglicht, die Kontaktbrücke 50 über den beweglichen Teil 57 - vorzugsweise als Magnetanker ausgeführt - gegen verschiedene Widerstände (Federn beispielsweise) zu bewegen.In Figure 1 a view of a starting device 10 with part of an on-board network 13 is shown schematically. Furthermore, at the left end is the Figure 1 A toothed ring 15 of an internal combustion engine 17 is shown in detail. The starting device 10 has an engaging relay 20, an engaging lever 22, a starter motor 23 and also, among other things, a pinion 25 Figure 1 The part of the vehicle electrical system shown shows a power supply 27, typically referred to as a starter battery, and a start switch 28. The in Figure 1 The circuit shown shows the circuit or current path via which the electrical energy supply of the starting device 10 takes place. For this purpose, the engagement relay 20 is connected to a positive pole of the power supply 27 via a so-called terminal 30. The current then runs into the starter motor 23 via a so-called terminal 45. For this purpose, by switching on or activating the Engaging relay 20 moves a contact bridge 50 onto what is known as a plus bolt 51 and a minus bolt 52. Then, when the start switch 28 is closed, a current flows through the positive bolt 51, the contact bridge 50 and the negative bolt 52 into the starter motor 23 and drives it at full power. When the start switch 28 is switched on and before the contact bridge 50 is activated or moved, two auxiliary contacts 53 and 54 are electrically conductively connected to one another by the contact bridge 50 or, alternatively, a similar contact. This leads to a pull-in winding 55 being energized. As long as the contact bridge 50 or the other unspecified auxiliary contact does not open this electrical connection to the pull-in winding 55, the pull-in winding 55 pulls a movable part 57, which can be designed as a so-called magnet armature, into the pull-in winding 55. It should also be mentioned that this engagement relay 20 for actuating the contact bridge 50 has an apparatus, referred to here as a thrust motor 60 with the movable part 57, which, by energizing the pull-in winding 55 and also a holding winding 63, develops a force that enables the contact bridge 50 Via the movable part 57 - preferably designed as a magnet armature - to move against various resistances (springs for example).

In Figur 2 ist ein konkreteres Ausführungsbeispiel des Einrückrelais 20 mit dem Schubmotor 60 in einer Ausgangsstellung dargestellt. Im rechten Bereich der Figur 2 ist eine Kontakteinrichtung 65 dargestellt, zu der unter anderem die Kontaktbrücke 50, der Plusbolzen 51 und der Minusbolzen 52 gehört. In diesem Fall gehört hierzu auch ein Hilfskontakt 53 und ein Hilfskontakt 54. Wie bereits erwähnt, dienen diese beiden Hilfskontakte 53, 54 dazu, eine Einzugswicklung 55 nach dem Schließen des Startschalters 28 zu bestromen. Die Kontaktbrücke 50 sitzt auf einer Schaltachse 67, die durch einen magnetischen Rückschluss 70 hindurchgeführt ist. Die Kontaktbrücke 50 sitzt auf einer Isolationshülse 72 auf. Die Isolationshülse 72 ist in einer zylindrischen Ausnehmung im magnetischen Rückschluss 70 eingesetzt und geführt. In einer in Bezug auf die Kontaktbrücke 50 rückwärtigen Ausnehmung, welche hier nicht näher bezeichnet ist, stützt sich eine Kontaktdruckfeder 73 an ihrem linken Ende und damit an einem Ende, welches der Kontaktbrücke 50 abgewandt ist, an einer ebenfalls nicht näher bezeichneten Schulter der Schaltachse 67 ab.In Figure 2 a more specific embodiment of the engagement relay 20 with the thrust motor 60 is shown in an initial position. In the right-hand area of FIG. 2, a contact device 65 is shown, to which, inter alia, the contact bridge 50, the plus bolt 51 and the minus bolt 52 belong. In this case, this also includes an auxiliary contact 53 and an auxiliary contact 54. As already mentioned, these two auxiliary contacts 53, 54 serve to energize a pull-in winding 55 after the start switch 28 has been closed. The contact bridge 50 is seated on a switching axis 67, which is passed through a magnetic yoke 70. The contact bridge 50 is seated on an insulating sleeve 72. The insulation sleeve 72 is inserted and guided in a cylindrical recess in the magnetic yoke 70. In a recess at the rear with respect to the contact bridge 50, which is not designated in any more detail here, a contact compression spring 73 is supported at its left end and thus at an end facing away from the contact bridge 50, on a shoulder of the switching axis 67, also not designated in detail from.

An einem von der Kontaktbrücke 50 abgewandten Ende 74 der Schaltachse 67 sitzt ein Anschlagselement 75 auf einem im Durchmesser verringerten Zapfen 76 auf. Das Anschlagselement 75 - bevorzugt als einfache gelochte Platte ausgeführt - liegt mit einer Fläche, welche zu der Kontaktbrücke 50 gerichtet ist, an einem Boden 77 einer sacklochartigen Ausnehmung 78 an. Die sacklochartige Ausnehmung 78 ist an einem Ende 79 des beweglichen Teils 57 eingebracht. Dieses Ende 79 ist von der Kontaktbrücke 50 abgewandt. Das bewegliche Teil 57 hat - ausgehend von dem Boden 77 - eine Durchgangsöffnung 80 nach Art einer Durchgangsbohrung. In dieser Durchgangsöffnung 80 ist die Schaltachse 67 mittels einer Gleitbuchse 81 gelagert. An einer nicht näher bezeichneten Stirnfläche der Gleitbuchse 81, welche zu der Kontaktbrücke 50 gerichtet ist, stützt sich eine Kontaktrückstellfeder 82 ab. An einem anderen Ende der Kontaktrückstellfeder 82 stützt sich diese an dem magnetischen Rückschluss 70 ab. An das Ende 79 des beweglichen Teils 57 schließt sich ein Führungselement 83 an, das bevorzugt und hier beispielhaft als Buchse ausgeführt ist. Dieses Führungselement 83 ist an seinem zum beweglichen Teil 57 gerichteten Ende ortsfest befestigt. In diesem Führungselement 83 sind ein Anschlagsteil 84 und ein Mitnehmer 85 angeordnet. Das Anschlagsteil 84 und der Mitnehmer 85 sind durch eine Feder 86, welche hier beispielhaft als Druckfeder ausgeführt ist, und durch eine von dieser Feder 86 ausgeübte Kraft auf Abstand gehalten.At an end 74 of the switching axis 67 facing away from the contact bridge 50, a stop element 75 rests on a pin 76 of reduced diameter. The stop element 75 - preferably designed as a simple perforated plate - rests with a surface which is directed towards the contact bridge 50 against a bottom 77 of a blind hole-like recess 78. The blind hole-like recess 78 is made at one end 79 of the movable part 57. This end 79 faces away from the contact bridge 50. The movable part 57 has - starting from the base 77 - a through opening 80 in the manner of a through hole. The switching axis 67 is supported in this through opening 80 by means of a sliding bush 81. A contact restoring spring 82 is supported on an end face of the sliding bush 81, which is not designated in detail and which is directed towards the contact bridge 50. At another end of the contact return spring 82, the latter is supported on the magnetic yoke 70. A guide element 83 adjoins the end 79 of the movable part 57, which is preferably embodied here as a bushing, for example. This guide element 83 is fixed in place at its end facing the movable part 57. In this guide element 83, a stop part 84 and a driver 85 are arranged. The stop part 84 and the driver 85 are held at a distance by a spring 86, which is designed here as a compression spring, for example, and by a force exerted by this spring 86.

Der Mitnehmer 85 ist dabei wie folgt aufgebaut: von der Seite, welche dem beweglichen Teil 57 zugewandt ist, folgt zunächst ein Abschnitt 87, der besonders bevorzugt und hier beispielhaft als ringartiger Bund ausgeführt ist. Dieser Abschnitt 87 hat einen Außenumfang mit einer nach radial außen gerichteten Fläche 88. Mit dieser nach radial außen gerichteten Fläche 88 ist der Mitnehmer 85 in dem Führungselement 83 geführt. Dadurch ist eine präzise Führung des Mitnehmers 85 in dem Führungselement 83 in Richtung einer Achse 89 möglich, die einer Richtung beim Schalten und damit dem Bewegen der Kontaktbrücke 50 und der Bewegung des beweglichen Teils 57 entspricht. Der Mitnehmer 85 weist in sich von dem beweglichen Teil 57 abgewandter Richtung einen Abschnitt 90 auf, der besonders bevorzugt ringzylindrisch gestaltet ist. Am sich von dem beweglichen Teil 57 am weitesten entfernten Ende des Abschnitts 90, befindet sich eine bevorzugt kreisförmige Stirnfläche 91. Zwischen dieser Stirnfläche 91 und einer Stirnfläche des Anschlagelements 75 erstreckt sich eine Rückstellfeder 92, die hier besonders bevorzugt als Druckfeder ausgeführt ist. Zwischen der Stirnfläche 91 und einer weiteren Stirnfläche 93 befindet sich ein Verbindungsabschnitt 94. In die Richtung, die von dem beweglichen Teil 57 weg weist, schließt sich im Mitnehmer 85 ein Schlitz 95 an, der besonders bevorzugt als Längsschlitz ausgeführt ist. In der Richtung, die sich vom beweglichen Teil 57 entfernt, befindet sich eine weitere Stirnfläche 96, so dass sich der Schlitz 95 in Richtung der Achse 89 zwischen den beiden Stirnflächen 93 und 96 erstreckt. Der Stirnfläche 96 folgt ein Endabschnitt 97, der an dieser Stelle bevorzugt Seitenteile des Schlitzes 95 bevorzugt einstückig verbindet. Der Mitnehmer 85 umfasst somit unter anderem den Abschnitt 87 als ringartigen Bund, den Abschnitt 90, den Verbindungsabschnitt 94, die Seitenteile des Schlitzes 95 und den Endabschnitt 97.The driver 85 is constructed as follows: from the side facing the movable part 57, a section 87 follows, which is particularly preferred and is designed here, for example, as a ring-like collar. This section 87 has an outer circumference with a radially outwardly directed surface 88. The driver 85 is guided in the guide element 83 with this radially outwardly directed surface 88. This enables the driver 85 to be guided precisely in the guide element 83 in the direction of an axis 89 which corresponds to a direction during switching and thus the movement of the contact bridge 50 and the movement of the movable part 57. In the direction facing away from the movable part 57, the driver 85 has a section 90 which is particularly preferably designed as an annular cylinder. At the end of the section 90 furthest away from the movable part 57 there is a preferably circular end face 91. Between this end face 91 and an end face of the stop element 75 there extends a return spring 92, which is particularly preferably designed as a compression spring. Between the end face 91 and a further end face 93 is a connecting section 94. In the direction facing away from the movable part 57, a slot 95 follows in the driver 85, which is particularly preferably designed as a longitudinal slot. A further end face 96 is located in the direction that is remote from the movable part 57, so that the slot 95 extends in the direction of the axis 89 between the two end faces 93 and 96. The end face 96 is followed by an end section 97, which at this point preferably connects side parts of the slot 95, preferably in one piece. The driver 85 thus includes, inter alia, the section 87 as a ring-like collar, the section 90, the connecting section 94, the side parts of the slot 95 and the end section 97.

Das Anschlagsteil 84 ist besonders bevorzugt scheibenartig aufgebaut. Es weist einen bevorzugt scheibenartigen Zapfenteil 98 auf, der in Richtung der Achse 89 und dabei zur Stirnfläche 96 gerichtet selbst eine Stirnfläche 99 aufweist. Ebenfalls in Richtung der Achse 89 gerichtet und in diesem Fall zur Stirnfläche 93 ausgerichtet, hat das Zapfenteil 98 eine weitere Stirnfläche 100. D. h. das Zapfenteil 98 erstreckt sich besonders bevorzugt zwischen den beiden Stirnflächen 99 und 100. Das Zapfenteil 98 ist an seinem in Richtung zur Kontaktbrücke 50 gerichteten Ende mittels einer Führungseinrichtung 101 in dem Führungselement 83 derartig geführt, dass das Anschlagsteil 84 eine bevorzugt ausschließlich axiale Bewegung durchführt, die in Richtung der Achse 89 verläuft. Als besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform weist die Führungseinrichtung 101 zwei von dem Zapfenteil 98 ausgehende Arme 102 auf. Beide Arme 102 weisen jeweils einen Führungsabschnitt 103 auf, der sich stabartig in Richtung der Achse 89 erstreckt. Diese Führungsabschnitte 103 weisen eine von der Achse 89 weg weisende, d. h. von dort nach radial außen gerichtete Oberfläche 104 auf, über die das Anschlagsteil 84 in dem Führungselement 83 so geführt ist, dass dieses Anschlagsteil 84 in der Richtung der Achse 89 beweglich und derartig geführt ist. In dem Schlitz 95, d. h. zwischen den Stirnflächen 96 und 99 greift im eingebauten Zustand des Einrückrelais 20 ein Abschnitt des Einrückhebels 22 ein. Durch eine bevorzugt gewählte Einbaulage des Einrückrelais 20 zu einem Gehäuse der Startvorrichtung 10 hebt der Mitnehmer 85 den Abschnitt 87 von einem Anschlagelement 110 ab, wenn der Einrückhebel 22 in den Schlitz 95 eingeführt wird (Abstand w ungleich Null).The stop part 84 is particularly preferably constructed like a disk. It has a preferably disk-like pin part 98 which itself has an end face 99 directed in the direction of the axis 89 and at the same time towards the end face 96. Also directed in the direction of the axis 89 and, in this case, aligned with the end face 93, the pin part 98 has a further end face 100. the pin part 98 extends particularly preferably between the two end faces 99 and 100. The pin part 98 is guided at its end directed in the direction of the contact bridge 50 by means of a guide device 101 in the guide element 83 in such a way that the stop part 84 carries out a preferably exclusively axial movement, which runs in the direction of the axis 89. As a particularly preferred embodiment, the guide device 101 has two arms 102 extending from the pin part 98. Both arms 102 each have a guide section 103 which extends like a rod in the direction of the axis 89. These guide sections 103 have a surface 104 pointing away from the axis 89, ie radially outward from there, over which the stop part 84 is guided in the guide element 83 in such a way that this stop part 84 is movably guided in the direction of the axis 89 is. In the slot 95, ie between the end faces 96 and 99, a section of the engagement lever 22 engages in the installed state of the engagement relay 20. Due to a preferred installation position of the engagement relay 20 relative to a housing of the starting device 10, the driver 85 lifts the section 87 from a stop element 110 when the engagement lever 22 is inserted into the slot 95 (distance w not equal to zero).

Während Figur 2 die Ruheposition des Einrückrelais 20 zeigt, zeigt Figur 3 das Einrückrelais 20 kurz nach dem Einschalten des Einrückrelais 20 mit einer bereits leicht veränderten Lage des beweglichen Teils 57. Wie hier gut zu erkennen ist, ist gemäß der Darstellung nach Figur 3 das Anschlagelement 75 mit seiner zu der Kontaktbrücke 50 gerichteten Fläche von der Fläche bzw. dem Boden 77 des beweglichen Teils 57 bereits leicht abgehoben. Dementsprechend ist ein Abstand d zwischen dem Anschlagelement 75 und dem Boden 77 vorhanden. Die in dieser Figur dargestellte Situation soll eine Situation der Mechanik im Einrückrelais 20 bzw. im Starter bzw. der Startvorrichtung 10 zeigen, in der bis zum unmittelbar bevorstehenden Verschieben des Ritzels 25 sämtliche so genannten Losen, d. h. Axialspiele in der Startvorrichtung 10 bzw. dem Einrückrelais 20, aufgebraucht sind. Derartige Lose können sein oder sind beispielsweise Abstände zwischen der Stirnfläche 99 und einem oberen Ende des Einrückhebels 22. Des Weiteren kommen auch Losen in Frage, die zwischen dem Einrückhebel 22 und einer Ritzelwelle 106 wirken können. In dieser Situation ist ein Spalt s zwischen den Stirnflächen 100 und 93 bevorzugt noch in der Größe, die auch während der Ruhelage gemäß Figur 2 vorliegt. Ein Abstand a entspricht noch einem Abstand zwischen Zahnkranz 15 und Ritzel 25 im Ruhezustand. Ein Abstand k, welcher zwischen einer Kontaktbrücke 50 und den Hilfskontakten 53, 54 vorliegt, ist hier immer noch Null. Dies bedeutet, dass die Einzugswicklung 55 bestromt ist.While Figure 2 shows the rest position of the engagement relay 20 shows Figure 3 the engaging relay 20 shortly after the engaging relay 20 is switched on with an already slightly changed position of the movable part 57. As can be clearly seen here, according to the illustration according to FIG Figure 3 the stop element 75 with its surface facing the contact bridge 50 is already slightly lifted from the surface or the bottom 77 of the movable part 57. Accordingly, there is a distance d between the stop element 75 and the floor 77. The situation shown in this figure is intended to show a situation of the mechanics in the engaging relay 20 or in the starter or the starting device 10, in which all so-called backlashes, ie axial play in the starting device 10 or the engaging relay, up to the imminent shifting of the pinion 25 20 are used up. Such slack can be or are, for example, distances between the end face 99 and an upper end of the engagement lever 22. Furthermore, slacks that can act between the engagement lever 22 and a pinion shaft 106 are also possible. In this situation, a gap s between the end faces 100 and 93 is preferably still of the size that is also shown during the rest position Figure 2 present. A distance a still corresponds to a distance between the ring gear 15 and the pinion 25 in the idle state. A distance k which exists between a contact bridge 50 and the auxiliary contacts 53, 54 is still zero here. This means that the pull-in winding 55 is energized.

Es ist somit ein Einrückrelais 20 für eine elektrische Maschine, die vorzugsweise als Startvorrichtung 10 zum Einrücken eines Ritzels 25 dient, offenbart. Das Einrückrelais 20 weist eine Kontakteinrichtung 65 zum Verbinden elektrischer Kontakte 120, 121 auf. Der elektrische Kontakt 120 ist insbesondere mit einem Plusbolzen 51 und der elektrische Kontakt 121 insbesondere mit einem Minusbolzen 52 verbunden. Es ist eine Schaltachse 67 vorhanden, die zum elektrischen Verbinden zu betätigen ist. Das Einrückrelais hat einen Schubmotor 60, der zum Verschieben der Schaltachse 67 dient. Der Schubmotor 60 hat einen beweglichen Teil 57, der vorzugsweise als Magnetanker ausgeführt ist. Dementsprechend ist der Schubmotor 60 beispielsweise als so genannter Hubmagnet ausgeführt. Der bewegliche Teil 57 dient dazu, die Schaltachse 67 zu betätigen. Der bewegliche Teil 57 ist mit einem Mitnehmer 85 verbunden. Ein Anschlagteil 84 ist relativ zum beweglichen Teil 57 des Schubmotors 60 beweglich und in einem Ruhezustand des Einrückrelais 20 ist zwischen dem Anschlagteil 84 und dem Mitnehmer 85 ein Spalt s. Eine Feder 86 hält das Anschlagteil 84 und den Mitnehmer 85 auf Abstand. Insbesondere ist vorgesehen, dass zwischen dem Anschlagteil 84 und dem Mitnehmer 85 eine Druckfeder angeordnet ist. D. h., dass insbesondere vorgesehen ist, dass die Feder 86 als Druckfeder ausgebildet ist. Des Weiteren ist vorgesehen, dass das Anschlagsteil 84 und der Mitnehmer 85 gegeneinander geführt sind. Insbesondere ist vorgesehen, dass das Anschlagteil 84 und der Mitnehmer 85 unmittelbar gegeneinander geführt sind. Das gegeneinander Führen des Anschlagteils 84 und des Mitnehmers 85 ist dadurch möglich, dass in dem Schlitz 95 des Mitnehmers 85 das Anschlagteil 84 mit dem Zapfenteil 98 geführt ist. Das Zapfenteil 98 ist insbesondere plattenartig ausgebildet und ist dadurch mit den plattenartigen Oberflächen des Zapfenteils 98 in dem Schlitz 95 gut führbar. D. h., dass das Anschlagteil 84 sitzend in dem Schlitz 95 nahezu nicht um die Achse 89 drehbar ist. Es ist lediglich besonders bevorzugt ein kleines Verdrehspiel möglich, um eine ungewollte Blockade zwischen den beiden Teilen zu verhindern. Dementsprechend ist vorgesehen, dass ein Zapfenteil 98, welcher insbesondere plattenartig ausgebildet ist, in einen Schlitz 95 des Mitnehmers 85 eingreift und dadurch das Anschlagteil 84 und der Mitnehmer 85 gegeneinander geführt sind. Insbesondere ist vorgesehen, dass das Anschlagteil 84 eine nach radial außen gerichtete Oberfläche 104 aufweist, wobei das Anschlagteil 84 mittels dieser Oberfläche 104 in dem Führungselement 83 geführt ist. Das mit dem Anschlagteil 84 wechselwirkende Bauteil Mitnehmer 85 hat einen, insbesondere als ringartigen Bund ausgebildeten Abschnitt 87, der eine nach radial außen gerichtete Fläche 88 hat, wobei der Mitnehmer 85 mit dieser Fläche 88 in dem Führungselement 83 geführt ist. Es ist insbesondere vorgesehen, dass der Mitnehmer 85 einen bundartigen Abschnitt 87 hat und die Schaltachse 67 ein Anschlagelement 75, insbesondere an ihrem zum Mitnehmer 85 gerichteten Ende, aufweist, insbesondere trägt. Des Weiteren ist vorgesehen, dass zwischen dem bundartigen Abschnitt 87 und dem Anschlagelement 75 ein weiteres Anschlagelement 110 angeordnet ist, welches im Ruhezustand, insbesondere des nicht eingebauten Einrückrelais 20, ein Anschlag für den bundartigen Abschnitt 87 und im Schaltzustand ein Anschlag für das weitere Anschlagelement 75, insbesondere der Schaltachse 67 ist. Des Weiteren ist vorgesehen, dass das weitere Anschlagelement 110 zwischen dem Führungselement 83, insbesondere einem Bund 125, des als Buchse ausgebildeten Führungselements 83, und einer Stirnfläche 128 des beweglichen Teils 57 gehalten ist. Es ist des Weiteren eine Startvorrichtung 10 mit einem Einrückrelais 20 nach einer der vorbeschriebenen Ausführungsvarianten vorgesehen.An engagement relay 20 for an electrical machine, which is preferably used as a starting device 10 for engaging a pinion 25, is thus disclosed. The engagement relay 20 has a contact device 65 for connecting electrical contacts 120, 121. The electrical contact 120 is connected in particular to a plus bolt 51 and the electrical contact 121 in particular to a minus bolt 52. There is a switching axis 67 which is to be operated for electrical connection. The engagement relay has a thrust motor 60 which is used to move the switching axis 67. The thrust motor 60 has a movable part 57, which is preferably designed as a magnet armature. Accordingly, the thrust motor 60 is designed, for example, as a so-called lifting magnet. The movable part 57 serves to actuate the switching axis 67. The movable part 57 is connected to a driver 85. A stop part 84 is movable relative to the movable part 57 of the thrust motor 60, and when the engagement relay 20 is in a state of rest there is a gap s between the stop part 84 and the driver 85. A spring 86 holds the stop member 84 and the driver 85 at a distance. In particular, it is provided that a compression spring is arranged between the stop part 84 and the driver 85. This means that it is provided in particular that the spring 86 is designed as a compression spring. Furthermore, it is provided that the stop part 84 and the driver 85 are guided against one another. In particular, it is provided that the stop part 84 and the driver 85 are guided directly against one another. Moving the stop part 84 and the driver 85 against one another is possible in that the stop part 84 with the pin part 98 is guided in the slot 95 of the driver 85. The peg part 98 is designed in particular in the manner of a plate and can therefore be guided easily in the slot 95 with the plate-like surfaces of the peg part 98. This means that the stop part 84 seated in the slot 95 cannot be rotated about the axis 89. A small torsional backlash is only possible, particularly preferably, in order to prevent an undesired blockage between the two parts. Accordingly, it is provided that a pin part 98, which is designed in particular in the manner of a plate, engages in a slot 95 of the driver 85 and, as a result, the stop part 84 and the driver 85 are guided against one another. In particular, it is provided that the stop part 84 has a radially outwardly directed surface 104, the stop part 84 being guided in the guide element 83 by means of this surface 104. The component driver 85 interacting with the stop part 84 has a section 87, in particular designed as a ring-like collar, which has a radially outwardly directed surface 88, the driver 85 being guided with this surface 88 in the guide element 83. In particular, it is provided that the driver 85 has a collar-like section 87 and the switching axis 67 has a stop element 75, in particular at its end facing the driver 85, in particular carries it. Furthermore, it is provided that a further stop element 110 is arranged between the collar-like section 87 and the stop element 75, which in the idle state, in particular the non-installed engagement relay 20, is a stop for the collar-like section 87 and in the switching state a stop for the further stop element 75 , in particular the switching axis 67. Furthermore, it is provided that the further stop element 110 is held between the guide element 83, in particular a collar 125, of the guide element 83 designed as a bushing, and an end face 128 of the movable part 57. Furthermore, a starting device 10 with an engaging relay 20 according to one of the embodiment variants described above is provided.

Figur 4 zeigt das Einrückrelais 20 in der Startvorrichtung 10 in einer Situation, in der ein Abstand a zwischen dem Ritzel 25 und dem Zahnkranz 15 inzwischen Null ist. Bevorzugt sind die Abstände s und k unverändert, d. h. für k ist der Abstand, wie bereits in Figur 3 im Prinzip Null, da die Kontaktbrücke 50 zu den Hilfskontakten 53, 54 in Kontakt steht. Insofern sind die Darstellungen des Abstandes k in Figur 3 und Figur 4 symbolisch. Für den Fall, dass ein Ritzel 25 als so genanntes Steckritzel ausgeführt ist, wie dies im Ausführungsbeispiel beispielhaft aber nicht zwingend der Fall ist, existiert noch ein weiterer Abstand m, der einen so genannten Steckritzelweg bezeichnet. Insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit Figur 5 wird deutlich, dass während das Ritzel 25 am Zahnkranz 15 anliegt, der Steckritzelweg m mit dem weiteren Bewegen des beweglichen Teils 57 in das Einrückrelais 20 aufgebraucht wird, d. h. zu Null wird. In diesem Zusammenhang vergrößert sich auch der Abstand d weiter. Der Abstand k ist nach wie vor Null. Figure 4 shows the engagement relay 20 in the starting device 10 in a situation in which a distance a between the pinion 25 and the ring gear 15 is now zero. The distances s and k are preferably unchanged, ie the distance for k is as already in FIG Figure 3 in principle zero, since the contact bridge 50 is in contact with the auxiliary contacts 53, 54. In this respect, the representations of the distance k are in Figure 3 and Figure 4 symbolic. In the event that a pinion 25 is designed as a so-called plug-in pinion, as is the case in the exemplary embodiment, but not necessarily the case, there is a further distance m, which denotes a so-called plug-in pinion path. Especially in connection with Figure 5 it becomes clear that while the pinion 25 is in contact with the ring gear 15, the plug-in pinion path m is used up with the further movement of the movable part 57 into the engagement relay 20, ie it becomes zero. In this context, the distance d also increases further. The distance k is still zero.

Wie bereits erwähnt, ist nach dem Einschalten des Startschalters 28 die Einzugswicklung 55 bestromt. Da der Startermotor 23 im Strompfad der Einzugswicklung 55 angeordnet und der Strom so groß ist, dass der Startermotor 23 sich dreht, dreht sich letztlich auch ein Ritzel 25. Des Weiteren bedeutet das, dass das Anschlagelement 110 gemäß der Darstellung nach Figur 6 auf das Anschlagelement 75 drückt. Der Abstand d hat demnach nunmehr sein Maximum erreicht. Des Weiteren hat sich nun der Abstand bzw. Spalt s zwischen den beiden Stirnflächen 93, 100 verkleinert. Im Zuge des Anwachsens des Abstandes w bzw. ggf. des Entstehens des Abstandes w, stellt sich nunmehr auch ein Spalt bzw. Abstand k ungleich Null ein. Dementsprechend ist durch die Dynamik der beweglichen Teile in dem Einrückrelais 20 nunmehr auch der Spalt s gegenüber den vorherigen Zuständen, welche in den Figuren 2 bis 5 gezeigt sind, verkleinert. Dies bedeutet, dass der Mitnehmer 85, verglichen mit der Situation gemäß Figur 5, seine Position nicht geändert hat, da sich die Abstände a bzw. m nicht verändert haben, und der Endabschnitt 97 mit seiner Stirnfläche 96 unverändert an dem oberen Ende des Einrückhebels 22 anliegt. Durch das weitere Einziehen des beweglichen Teils 57 und des damit unverschieblich verbundenen Führungselements 83 sowie eines Radialbunds 113 am Führungselement 83, welcher das Anschlagteil 84 mitnimmt, vergrößert sich wegen der Möglichkeit, das Anschlagteil 84 gegen den Mitnehmer 85 axial relativ zu bewegen, ein Abstand v zwischen dem oberen Ende des Einrückhebels und dem Anschlagteil 84. Der Abstand k ist nunmehr so groß, dass die Kontaktbrücke 50 die elektrische Verbindung zur Einzugswicklung 55 unterbricht.As already mentioned, after the start switch 28 has been switched on, the pull-in winding 55 is energized. Since the starter motor 23 is arranged in the current path of the pull-in winding 55 and the current is so large that the starter motor 23 rotates, ultimately a pinion 25 also rotates. Furthermore, this means that the stop element 110 according to the illustration Figure 6 presses on the stop element 75. The distance d has therefore now reached its maximum. Furthermore, the distance or gap s between the two end faces 93, 100 has now decreased. In the course of the increase in the distance w or, if applicable, the emergence of the distance w, a gap or distance k not equal to zero is now also established. Accordingly, due to the dynamics of the moving parts in the engagement relay 20, the gap s is now also compared to the previous states, which in the Figures 2 to 5 shown reduced in size. This means that the driver 85, compared with the situation according to Figure 5 , its position has not changed, since the distances a and m have not changed, and the end section 97 with its end face 96 rests unchanged against the upper end of the engagement lever 22. By further retraction of the movable part 57 and the guide element 83, which is immovably connected to it, as well as a radial collar 113 on the guide element 83, which takes the stop part 84 with it, a distance v increases because of the possibility of moving the stop part 84 axially relative to the driver 85 between the top of the engagement lever and the stop part 84. The distance k is now so great that the contact bridge 50 interrupts the electrical connection to the pull-in winding 55.

Es ist somit ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer insbesondere als Startvorrichtung 10 ausgebildeten elektrischen Maschine mit einem elektrischen Startermotor 23 und mit einem Einrückrelais 20 offenbart, wobei nach dem Einschalten des Einrückrelais 20 eine Kontakteinrichtung 65 betätigt werden soll und dadurch ein Schalter des Stromkreises des Startermotors 23 geschlossen wird, wobei ein beweglicher Teil 57 eines Schubmotors 60 des Einrückrelais' 20 mit einem Mitnehmer 85 verbunden ist und durch eine Einschaltbewegung des beweglichen Teils 57 der Mitnehmer 85 auf einen Einrückhebel 22 eine Einrückraft bewirkt, um ein Ritzel 25 in einen Zahnkranz 15 einzuspuren, wobei zwischen dem beweglichen Teil 57 des Schubmotors 60 und dem Mitnehmer 85 ein Anschlagsteil 84 angeordnet ist, wobei zunächst zwischen dem Mitnehmer 85 und dem Anschlagsteil 84 ein Spalt s mit einer Anfangsgröße vorhanden ist und beim Bewegen des beweglichen Teils 57 des Schubmotors 60 beim Schalten der Spalt s verkleinert wird. Beim Bewegen des beweglichen Teils 57 des Schubmotors 60 zum Schalten wird der Spalt s so verkleinert, dass der Mitnehmer 85 am Anschlagsteil 84 anschlägt. D. h., dass das Ritzel 25 mit einem seiner Zähne an einem der Zähne des Zahnkranzes 15 anschlägt und sich danach der Spalt s verkleinert. Eine Einzugswicklung 55 des Schubmotors 60 wird bestromt. Durch das Bestromen der Einzugswicklung 55 wird der zu dieser Einzugswicklung 55 in Reihe geschaltete Startermotor 23 bestromt und dadurch das Ritzel 25 in Drehung versetzt. Beim Bewegen des beweglichen Teils 57 des Schubmotors 60 wird beim Schalten eine Schaltachse 67 verlagert, wobei ein zunächst geschlossener Schalter 56 zum Bestromen einer Einzugswicklung 55 geöffnet wird. Gegen eine Federkraft einer Feder 86 zwischen dem Anschlagsteil 84 und dem Mitnehmer 85 wird der Spalt s verkleinert. Durch das Anschlagen des Ritzels 25 am Zahnkranz 15 wird der bewegliche Teil 57 des Schubmotors 60 an einer weiteren Bewegung gehindert und dadurch eine weitere Bewegung der Schaltachse 67 und dadurch ein Schließen der Kontakteinrichtung 65 zunächst gestoppt.A method is thus disclosed for operating an electrical machine, in particular designed as a starter device 10, with an electrical starter motor 23 and with an engagement relay 20, wherein after the engagement relay 20 is switched on, a contact device 65 is to be actuated and a switch of the circuit of the starter motor 23 is thereby closed is, wherein a movable part 57 of a thrust motor 60 of the engaging relay '20 is connected to a driver 85 and by an engagement movement of the movable part 57 of the driver 85 on an engaging lever 22 causes an engaging force to engage a pinion 25 in a ring gear 15, wherein A stop part 84 is arranged between the movable part 57 of the thrust motor 60 and the driver 85, initially with a gap s with an initial size between the driver 85 and the stop part 84 and when moving the movable part 57 of the thrust motor 60 when switching the gap s we downsized d. When moving the movable part 57 of the thrust motor 60 for switching, the gap s is reduced in such a way that the driver 85 strikes the stop part 84. That is to say that the pinion 25 strikes one of its teeth against one of the teeth of the ring gear 15 and the gap s is then reduced. A pull-in winding 55 of the thrust motor 60 is energized. By energizing the pull-in winding 55, the starter motor 23 connected in series with this pull-in winding 55 is energized and the pinion 25 is thereby set in rotation. When the movable part 57 of the thrust motor 60 is moved, a switching axis 67 is displaced during switching, an initially closed switch 56 being opened to energize a pull-in winding 55. Against a spring force of a spring 86 between the stop part 84 and the driver 85, the gap s is reduced. As a result of the pinion 25 striking the ring gear 15, the movable part 57 of the thrust motor 60 is prevented from moving further and, as a result, further movement of the switching axis 67 and thereby closing of the contact device 65 is initially stopped.

In Figur 7 ist ein weiterer Zustand des Einrückrelais 20 bzw. der Startvorrichtung 10 dargestellt. Dieser Zustand folgt dem Zustand, der in Figur 6 dargestellt ist. Die Abstände a und m sind nach wie vor Null. Durch das weitere Eingezogen werden bzw. Eingezogen sein des beweglichen Teils 57 bei mittlerweile konstantem Abstand d, vergrößert sich der Abstand k, mit anderen Worten, der Abstand zwischen der Kontaktbrücke 50 und der Kontaktfläche des Plusbolzens 51 bzw. der Kontaktfläche des Minusbolzens 52 wird kleiner. Wie dargestellt, ist nunmehr auch der Spalt s Null, d. h. der Abstand zwischen dem Anschlagteil 84 und dem Mitnehmer 85 ist nicht weiter verringerbar. Der Abstand v ist dementsprechend in dieser Situation ebenfalls nicht mehr vergrößerbar. Dies gilt ebenfalls für den Abstand w. Befinden sich in dieser Situation Zähne des Ritzels 25 mit Zähnen des Zahnkranzes 15 in einer so genannten Zahn-auf-Zahn-Stellung, ist eine weitere Bewegung des Ritzels 25 in den Zahnkranz 15 nicht möglich. Aufgrund der Größe des Spalts s, d. h. seiner minimalen Größe Null, ist keine weitere Einzugsbewegung des beweglichen Teils 57 möglich. Dies liegt daran, dass durch eine gewisse Zwangssituation zwischen dem Zahnkranz 15 und dem Ritzel 25 (Zahn-auf-Zahn-Stellung), den aufgebrauchten Losen bzw. Spielen zwischen dem oberen Ende des Einrückhebels 22 und dem Endabschnitt 97, auch hier keine weitere Bewegung des Mitnehmers 85 in Richtung der Achse 89 möglich ist. Dies verhindert eine weitere Verlagerung des Anschlagteils 84 und durch die Wechselwirkung mit dem Radialbund 113, welcher über das Führungselement 83 nicht bewegbar ist, wird wegen der Zahn-auf-Zahn-Stellung und solange diese erhalten bleibt, keine weitere Bewegung in diesem System möglich. D. h., weil der Mitnehmer 85 eine fortschreitende Bewegung des beweglichen Teils 57 über das Führungselement 83 und den Radialbund 113 sowie die Arme 102 verhindert, kann das Anschlagelement 110 das Anschlagelement 75 nicht weiter in Richtung der Achse 89 bewegen. D. h., dass die Schaltachse 67 nicht weiter vorgeschoben werden kann und dementsprechend die Kontaktbrücke 50 vor einer Kontaktgabe mit dem Plusbolzen 51 und dem Minusbolzen 52 zunächst stehen bleibt. Ein auf der Schaltachse 67 angeordnetes Anschlagselement 75 wird dabei an dem Anschlagselement 110 am beweglichen Teil 57 des Schubmotors 60 angelegt. Vor oder nach dem Anlegen des auf der Schaltachse 67 angeordneten Anschlagselements 75 am Anschlagselement 110 am beweglichen Teil 57 des Schubmotors 60 wird der Mitnehmer 85 vom Anschlagselement 110 am beweglichen Teil 57 des Schubmotors 60 entfernt und dadurch eine Federkraft der Feder 86 zwischen dem Anschlagsteil 84 und dem Mitnehmer 85 vergrößert.In Figure 7 a further state of the engagement relay 20 or the starting device 10 is shown. This state follows the state shown in Figure 6 is shown. The distances a and m are still zero. By further drawing in or If the movable part 57 is retracted at a meanwhile constant distance d, the distance k increases, in other words, the distance between the contact bridge 50 and the contact surface of the positive pin 51 or the contact surface of the negative pin 52 becomes smaller. As shown, the gap s is now also zero, ie the distance between the stop part 84 and the driver 85 cannot be reduced any further. The distance v can accordingly no longer be increased in this situation either. This also applies to the distance w. If in this situation there are teeth of the pinion 25 with teeth of the ring gear 15 in a so-called tooth-on-tooth position, further movement of the pinion 25 into the ring gear 15 is not possible. Due to the size of the gap s, ie its minimum size zero, no further retraction movement of the movable part 57 is possible. This is due to the fact that due to a certain forced situation between the ring gear 15 and the pinion 25 (tooth-on-tooth position), the used up slack or play between the upper end of the engagement lever 22 and the end section 97, no further movement here either of the driver 85 in the direction of the axis 89 is possible. This prevents further displacement of the stop part 84 and, due to the interaction with the radial collar 113, which cannot be moved via the guide element 83, no further movement is possible in this system because of the tooth-on-tooth position and as long as this is maintained. That is, because the driver 85 prevents a progressive movement of the movable part 57 via the guide element 83 and the radial collar 113 as well as the arms 102, the stop element 110 cannot move the stop element 75 any further in the direction of the axis 89. This means that the switching axis 67 cannot be advanced any further and, accordingly, the contact bridge 50 initially stops before making contact with the positive pin 51 and the negative pin 52. A stop element 75 arranged on the switching axis 67 is placed against the stop element 110 on the movable part 57 of the thrust motor 60. Before or after the stop element 75 arranged on the switching axis 67 is applied to the stop element 110 on the movable part 57 of the thrust motor 60, the driver 85 is removed from the stop element 110 on the movable part 57 of the thrust motor 60, and thereby a spring force of the spring 86 between the stop part 84 and the driver 85 enlarged.

Die in Figur 7 dargestellte Situation bleibt so lange erhalten, solange die Zahn-auf-Zahn-Stellung zwischen dem Ritzel 25 und dem Zahnkranz 15 erhalten bleibt. Wie zuvor erwähnt, ist der Startermotor 23 durch den Stromfluss durch die Einzugswicklung 55 zu Beginn des Verfahrens bestromt, weil die Einzugswicklung 55 zum Startermotor 23 in Reihe geschaltet ist. Ist der Startermotor 23 dabei so stark bestromt, dass dieser auch nach dem Unterbrechen der Stromversorgung der Einzugswicklung 55 ausreichend stark dreht (Trägheit), so ist es möglich, dass durch diesen Antrieb das Ritzel 25 tatsächlich so weit verdreht wird, dass sich eine Zahn-Lücke-Situation zwischen Ritzel 25 und Zahnkranz 15 einstellt. Aufgrund der in dieser Situation wirkenden Einrückkraft auf das Ritzel 25, herrührend von einer Haltewicklung 115, welche mit dem Einschalten des Einrückrelais 20 typischer Weise bestromt wird, wird das Ritzel 25 somit in einer Situation, in der die Kontaktbrücke 50 den Hauptstrompfad zum Startermotor 23 nicht geschlossen hat, weiter in den Zahnkranz 15 hineingedrückt. Das drehende Ritzel 25 beginnt mit einem Zahn zwischen zwei Zähne des Zahnkranzes 25 einzuspuren. Dies erklärt somit den Vorteil dieser Vorrichtung und dieses damit verbundenen Verfahrens, da hier eine Kontaktgabe des Hauptstrompfades für den Startermotor 23 ohne ein zumindest teilweises Eindringen der Zähne des Ritzels 25 in den Zahnkranz 15 nicht möglich ist.In the Figure 7 The situation shown remains as long as the tooth-on-tooth position between the pinion 25 and the ring gear 15 is maintained. As mentioned above, the starter motor 23 is energized by the current flow through the pull-in winding 55 at the beginning of the method because the pull-in winding 55 is connected in series with the starter motor 23. If the starter motor 23 is energized so strongly that it rotates sufficiently strongly even after the power supply to the pull-in winding 55 has been interrupted (inertia), it is possible that this drive actually rotates the pinion 25 so far that a toothed Gap situation between pinion 25 and ring gear 15 sets. Due to the engagement force acting on the pinion 25 in this situation, originating from a holding winding 115, which is typically energized when the engagement relay 20 is switched on, the pinion 25 is thus in a situation in which the contact bridge 50 does not have the main current path to the starter motor 23 has closed, pressed further into the ring gear 15. The rotating pinion 25 begins to mesh with a tooth between two teeth of the ring gear 25. This explains the advantage of this device and this associated method, since contact of the main current path for the starter motor 23 is not possible without at least partial penetration of the teeth of the pinion 25 into the ring gear 15.

Ist eine Dynamik des Startermotors 23 aufgrund der Bestromung über die Einzugswicklung 55 wider Erwarten aufgrund irgendwelcher Widerstände im System nicht ausreichend groß, d. h., dreht sich der Startermotor 23 nach dem Abschalten der Einzugswicklung 55 nicht mit ausreichend hoher Drehzahl bzw. nicht lange genug, so ist die typischer Weise im Läufer und einem ggf. vorhandenem Planetengetriebe zwischen Ritzel 25 und Startermotor 23 gespeicherte rotatorische Energie nicht groß genug, um Widerstände mechanischer Art zwischen dem Ritzel 25 und dessen Zähnen und den Zähnen des Zahnkranzes 15 zu überwinden, somit nicht in der Lage die Zahn-auf-Zahn-Stellung zwischen Ritzel 25 und Zahnkranz 15 zu überwinden. In einem derartigen Fall kommt es zu einer so genannten "Blindschaltung" der Startvorrichtung 10, d. h. der Startschalter 28 wurde zwar betätigt (Startvorrichtung 10 eingeschaltet), jedoch ist ein Einspuren des Ritzels 25 in den Zahnkranz 15 nicht möglich. Dementsprechend ist in dieser Situation ein Abschalten der Startvorrichtung 10 erforderlich, damit eine Haltewicklung 115 abgeschaltet wird und diese nicht überhitzt. Ein derartiges Abschalten kann entweder manuell durch den Fahrzeugführer erfolgen (manuelles Öffnen des Startschalters 28) oder durch ein hier nicht näher bezeichnetes und auch nicht näher gezeigtes Steuergerät, welches diese Situation (kein Einspuren des Ritzels 25 in den Zahnkranz 15 möglich) erkennt und dann automatisch, z. B. nach Zeitablauf, Temperatur einer Wicklung, wie beispielsweise einer Haltewicklung 115, den Stromkreis zur Startvorrichtung 10 öffnet.If, contrary to expectations, the dynamics of the starter motor 23 due to the energization through the pull-in winding 55 are not sufficiently large due to any resistances in the system, ie if the starter motor 23 does not rotate at a sufficiently high speed or not long enough after the pull-in winding 55 has been switched off, then the rotatory energy typically stored in the rotor and a possibly existing planetary gear between the pinion 25 and starter motor 23 is not large enough to overcome mechanical resistance between the pinion 25 and its teeth and the teeth of the ring gear 15, thus not able to Tooth-on-tooth position between pinion 25 and ring gear 15 to be overcome. In such a case, a so-called “blind circuit” of the starting device 10 occurs, ie the start switch 28 has been actuated (starting device 10 switched on), but the pinion 25 cannot mesh with the ring gear 15. Accordingly, in this situation it is necessary to switch off the starting device 10 so that a holding winding 115 is switched off and does not overheat. Such a shutdown can either be done manually by the vehicle driver (manual opening of the Start switch 28) or by a control device, not shown here or shown in more detail, which detects this situation (no engagement of the pinion 25 in the ring gear 15 possible) and then automatically, e.g. B. after the lapse of time, temperature of a winding, such as a holding winding 115, the circuit to the starting device 10 opens.

Ist andernfalls ein Vorspuren des Ritzels 25 in den Zahnkranz 15 erfolgt, so gibt das obere Ende des Einrückhebels 22 eine weitere Bewegung des Endabschnitts 97 frei, so dass sich dieser in Richtung der Achse 89 weiter - in diesem Fall nach rechts bzw. in Richtung zur Kontaktbrücke 50 - bewegen kann. Diese damit verbundene Verlagerung des Mitnehmers 85 in Richtung zur Kontaktbrücke 50 führt aufgrund der Bestromung der Haltewicklung 115 und dem daher auf den beweglichen Teil 57 wirkenden Magnetfeld und der damit verbundenen Einzugskraft in Richtung zum magnetischen Rückschluss 70 zu einer Druckkraft in Richtung zur Kontaktbrücke 50 auf den Radialbund 113 und demnach auch auf die Stirnseite der Haltearme 102. D. h., dass das Anschlagteil 84 der weiteren Bewegung des Mitnehmers 85 unmittelbar folgt. Dementsprechend ist durch die Fortbewegung des beweglichen Teils 57 eine Fortbewegung des Anschlagelements 110 möglich, so dass auf das Anschlagelement 75 und demzufolge auch auf die Schaltachse 67 eine Kraft in Richtung zur Kontaktbrücke 50 weiter wirkt. Schließlich wird die Kontaktbrücke 50 die Kontaktfläche des Plusbolzens 51 und des Minusbolzens 52 berühren und dadurch den Hauptstrompfad des Startermotors 23 schließen. Der bewegliche Teil 57 des Schubmotors 60 wird somit fortbewegt und dadurch der Schalter des Stromkreises des Startermotors 23 geschlossen. Der Startermotor 23 wird dann das Ritzel 25 mit maximaler Leistung antreiben und der Startvorgang der Brennkraftmaschine 17 kann erfolgen.Otherwise, if the pinion 25 is pre-grooved in the ring gear 15, the upper end of the engagement lever 22 releases a further movement of the end section 97 so that it continues in the direction of the axis 89 - in this case to the right or in the direction of Contact bridge 50 - can move. This associated displacement of the driver 85 in the direction of the contact bridge 50 leads to a compressive force in the direction of the contact bridge 50 on the due to the energization of the holding winding 115 and the magnetic field therefore acting on the movable part 57 and the associated pull-in force in the direction of the magnetic yoke 70 Radial collar 113 and accordingly also on the face of the holding arms 102. That is, the stop part 84 follows the further movement of the driver 85 directly. Accordingly, the movement of the movable part 57 enables the stop element 110 to move forward, so that a force continues to act on the stop element 75 and consequently also on the switching axis 67 in the direction of the contact bridge 50. Finally, the contact bridge 50 will touch the contact surface of the positive bolt 51 and the negative bolt 52 and thereby close the main current path of the starter motor 23. The movable part 57 of the thrust motor 60 is thus moved and the switch of the circuit of the starter motor 23 is thereby closed. The starter motor 23 will then drive the pinion 25 with maximum power and the internal combustion engine 17 can be started.

Claims (15)

  1. Engagement relay (20) for an electrical machine, which preferably serves as a starting device (10) for engaging a pinion (25), wherein the engagement relay (20) comprises a contact device (65) for electrically connecting electrical contacts (120, 121), with a switching axis (67), which is to be actuated for electrical connection, with a thrust motor (60), which serves for shifting the switching axis (67), and the thrust motor (60) comprises a movable part (57), which serves to actuate the switching axis (67), wherein the movable part (57) is connected with a driver (85), wherein a stop part (84) is movable relative to the movable part (57) of the thrust motor (60) and in an idle state of the engagement relay (20) there is a gap (s) between the stop part (84) and the driver (85),
    characterised in that
    a pin part (98) of the stop part (84) engages in a slot (95) of the driver (85), wherein the slot (95) extends between two end faces (93, 96) of the slot (95), and thereby the stop part (84) and the driver (85) are guided towards each other.
  2. Engagement relay according to claim 1, characterised in that a spring (86) keeps the stop part (84) and the driver (85) at a distance.
  3. Engagement relay according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the stop part (84) has a radially outwardly directed surface (104) and is guided with this in a guide element (83) and/or that the driver (85) has a radially outwardly directed surface (88) and is guided with this in the guide element (83).
  4. Engagement relay according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the driver (85) has a collar-like portion (87) and the switching axis (67) comprises a stop element (75) and a further stop element (110) is arranged between the collar-like portion (87) and the stop element (75), which in the idle state is a stop for the collar-like section (87) and in the switching state is a stop for the further stop element (75), wherein especially the further stop element (110) is held between the guide element (83), especially a collar (125) of the guide element (83) provided as a bush, and an end face (128) of the movable part (57)..
  5. Starting device (10) with an engagement relay (20) according to any one of the preceding claims.
  6. Method for operating an electrical machine, especially provided as a starting device (10), with an electric starter motor (23) and with an engagement relay (20), wherein after switching on the engagement relay (20) a contact device (65) is actuated and a switch of the circuit of the starter motor (23) is thereby closed, wherein a movable part (57) of a thrust motor (60) of the engagement relay (20) is connected with a driver (85) and, by means of a switching-on movement of the movable part (57), the driver (85) causes an engagement force on an engagement lever (22) in order to engage a pinion (25) in a gear rim (15),
    wherein a stop part (84) is movable relative to the movable part (57) of the thrust motor (60)
    wherein there is initially a gap (s) with an initial size between the driver (85) and the stop part (84) and the gap (s) is reduced during movement of the movable part (57) of the thrust motor (60) during switching,
    characterised in that
    a pin part (98) of the stop part (84) engages in a slot (95) of the driver (85), wherein the slot (95) extends between two end faces (93, 96) of the slot (95), and thereby the stop part (84) and the driver (85) are guided towards each other.
  7. Method according to claim 6, characterised in that a pull-in winding (55) of the thrust motor (60) is energised, wherein by means of energising the pull-in winding (55) especially the starter motor (23) connected in series with this pull-in winding (55) is energised and thereby the pinion (25) is set in rotation.
  8. Method according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that during movement of the movable part (57) of the thrust motor (60) during switching a switching axis (67) is shifted, wherein an initially closed switch (56) is opened to energise a pull-in winding (55), and that the gap (s) is reduced against a spring force of a spring (86) between the stop part (84) and the driver (85).
  9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that during movement of the movable part (57) of the thrust motor (60) for switching, the gap (s) is reduced such that the driver (85) abuts the stop part (84).
  10. Method according to claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the pinion (25) abuts with one of its teeth against one of the teeth of the gear rim (15) and thereafter the gap (s) decreases.
  11. Method according to claim 10, characterised in that the moving part (57) of the thrust motor (60) is prevented from further movement by means of the abutting of the pinion (25) at the gear rim (15) and thereby a further movement of the switching axis (67) and thereby a closing of the contact device (65) is initially stopped.
  12. Method according to claim 11, characterised in that a stop element (75) arranged on the switching axis (67) is thereby applied to a stop element (110) on the movable part (57) of the thrust motor (60).
  13. Method according to claim 12, characterised in that before or after applying the stop element (75) arranged on the switching axis (67) to the stop element (110) on the movable part (57) of the thrust motor (60), the driver (85) moves away from the stop element (110) on the movable part (57) of the thrust motor (60) and thereby a spring force of the spring (86) between the stop part (84) and the driver (85) is increased.
  14. Method according to claim 12 or 13, characterised in that the rotating pinion (25) begins engaging with a tooth between two teeth of the gear rim (25).
  15. A method according to claim 14, characterised in that the movable part (57) of the thrust motor (60) is moved forward and thereby the switch of the circuit of the starter motor (23) is closed.
EP17769070.8A 2016-09-20 2017-09-19 Engagement relay for and a method for operating an electric machine, preferably embodied as a starter device, with an engagement relay Active EP3513420B8 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016218032 2016-09-20
PCT/EP2017/073656 WO2018054909A1 (en) 2016-09-20 2017-09-19 Engagement relay for and a method for operating an electric machine, preferably embodied as a starter device, with an engagement relay

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EP3513420A1 EP3513420A1 (en) 2019-07-24
EP3513420B1 true EP3513420B1 (en) 2020-10-28
EP3513420B8 EP3513420B8 (en) 2020-12-16

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EP17769070.8A Active EP3513420B8 (en) 2016-09-20 2017-09-19 Engagement relay for and a method for operating an electric machine, preferably embodied as a starter device, with an engagement relay

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US11536237B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3513420B8 (en)
CN (1) CN109891545B (en)
DE (1) DE102017216605A1 (en)
HU (1) HUE053396T2 (en)
WO (1) WO2018054909A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL173300C (en) 1972-03-03 Ducellier & Cie DEVICE FOR OPERATING THE ELECTRIC STARTER OF A COMBUSTION ENGINE.
IT1140007B (en) 1981-10-29 1986-09-24 Magneti Marelli Fabbrica Itali DOUBLE WINDING ELECTROMAGNET FOR STARTER ENGINE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, PARTICULARLY OF VEHICLE
IT1249933B (en) 1991-06-25 1995-03-30 Magneti Marelli Spa STARTING DEVICE FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE FOR MOTOR VEHICLES.
DE19727545B4 (en) 1997-06-28 2014-02-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Starting device for internal combustion engines
KR20050087237A (en) 2004-02-26 2005-08-31 발레오전장시스템스코리아 주식회사 Startmotor for vehicle
FR2930001B1 (en) 2008-04-15 2012-08-03 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur STARTING DEVICE FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, IN PARTICULAR A MOTOR VEHICLE.
DE102010063091A1 (en) 2010-12-15 2012-06-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorspuraktuator for starting device
DE102011003179B4 (en) 2011-01-26 2021-03-18 Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh Starting device for internal combustion engines
DE102012209804B4 (en) * 2012-06-12 2021-03-18 Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh Starting device for an internal combustion engine
DE102013207885A1 (en) * 2013-04-30 2014-10-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Starting device for an internal combustion engine

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3513420B8 (en) 2020-12-16
US20190285043A1 (en) 2019-09-19
HUE053396T2 (en) 2021-06-28
CN109891545A (en) 2019-06-14
CN109891545B (en) 2021-07-02
US11536237B2 (en) 2022-12-27
DE102017216605A1 (en) 2018-03-22
WO2018054909A1 (en) 2018-03-29
EP3513420A1 (en) 2019-07-24

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