EP2864994B1 - Method for actuating a starting device for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Method for actuating a starting device for an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2864994B1
EP2864994B1 EP13724780.5A EP13724780A EP2864994B1 EP 2864994 B1 EP2864994 B1 EP 2864994B1 EP 13724780 A EP13724780 A EP 13724780A EP 2864994 B1 EP2864994 B1 EP 2864994B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
winding
starter
ring gear
switch
switched
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP13724780.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2864994A1 (en
Inventor
Birgit Kuettner
Karl-Otto Schmidt
Josef Weigt
Stefan Tumback
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP2864994A1 publication Critical patent/EP2864994A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0851—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0851—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear
    • F02N11/0855—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear during engine shutdown or after engine stop before start command, e.g. pre-engagement of pinion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/087—Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/06—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
    • F02N15/062—Starter drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/06—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
    • F02N15/066—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement the starter being of the coaxial type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/06—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
    • F02N15/067—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement the starter comprising an electro-magnetically actuated lever
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/02—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the engine
    • F02N2200/022—Engine speed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
    • H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
    • H01H51/06—Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in one direction due to energisation of an electromagnet and after the electromagnet is de-energised is returned by energy stored during the movement in the first direction, e.g. by using a spring, by using a permanent magnet, by gravity
    • H01H51/065—Relays having a pair of normally open contacts rigidly fixed to a magnetic core movable along the axis of a solenoid, e.g. relays for starting automobiles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for actuating a starting device for an internal combustion engine, such as in DE 10 2010 001 773 ,
  • the first relay winding has the task of a pull-in winding and adjusts a lifting armature, which is coupled via an engaging lever with a starter pinion of the starting device.
  • the starter pinion When energizing the pull-in winding, the starter pinion is moved between a retracted non-functional position and an axially advanced engagement position in which the starter pinion engages in a ring gear of the internal combustion engine.
  • the second relay winding acts as a switching winding and is associated with a switching device via which the circuit of an electric starter motor for driving the starter pinion is on or off.
  • the switching winding is associated with a switching armature which presses a current contact plate against contact against two mating contacts for closing the circuit of the starter motor when energizing the turn-on.
  • the version with two separate relay windings allows decoupling of the toggle movement of the starter pinion from switching on the electric starter motor.
  • the invention is based on the object under certain operating conditions to allow a safe, low-noise starting an internal combustion engine by means of a starting device. This should also detect operating conditions in which it is intended to mesh in an outgoing sprocket of the internal combustion engine.
  • the method relates to a starting device for an internal combustion engine with an electromagnetic starter relay, via which a starter pinion of the starting device between a retracted non-functional position and an advanced engagement position with a ring gear of the internal combustion engine is adjustable.
  • a starter pinion of the starting device between a retracted non-functional position and an advanced engagement position with a ring gear of the internal combustion engine is adjustable.
  • the starter relay has a bestrombare pull-in winding, which is associated with a lifting armature, which is adjusted when energizing the pull-in winding.
  • the actuating movement of the lifting armature is transmitted to the starter pinion by means of a transmission component, for example a fork lever, which is then moved from the non-functional to the engaged position.
  • the starter also includes an electric starter motor which translates the starter pinion into a rotary drive motion.
  • the starter motor is switched on or off via a switch-on, which is preferably integrated in the starter relay.
  • a switch-on device When the switch-on device is switched on, the circuit of the electric starter motor is closed and the starter motor is set in rotation.
  • the switch-on device is to be actuated independently of the lifting armature or the energization of the pull-in winding.
  • the engagement device is already switched on before the contact of the starter pinion with the ring gear, thereby raising the rotational speed of the starter pinion.
  • the pre- or lacing ie the adjustment movement of the starter pinion from the non-functional to the engaged position, and then the turning on the electric starter motor. From this, both normal and regular starting operations are detected, in which the internal combustion engine and the ring gear is stationary, that is, the speed of the ring gear is equal to zero, as well as operating situations with a relatively low ring gear speed. If the ring gear is stationary, the starter pinion can get into a tooth-on-tooth position with the ring gear during toe-in, which is canceled by turning on the starter pinion by turning on the starter motor.
  • tooth-on-tooth positions between the starter pinion and the ring gear are also canceled solely on the basis of the ring gear speed. In this case, it may be appropriate to start the turning by turning on the Starter motor with respect to the situation with standing sprocket slightly delayed perform.
  • the starter pinion speed is raised to the maximum level of the ring gear speed at the moment of meshing, possibly a slightly lower speed level of the starter pinion is sufficient, for example, by 5% or 10% compared to the ring gear speed reduced starter pinion speed.
  • the ring gear Due to the inertia of the internal combustion engine, the ring gear can overshoot in the opposite direction after switching off. If, in this situation, the engine is to be restarted, the starter pinion is first vorgespurt by adjusting the Hubankers in the starter relay and turned on only after the meshing of the Einschalt issued the starter motor. However, it may be advantageous to turn on the starter motor with a greater time delay compared to a switch-on with a stationary internal combustion engine or low positive ring gear speed to reduce the load impact in the drive train by an additional moment, which would be added at the moment of cranking the starter motor is avoided.
  • the starter Since the pinion can not be meshed in a tooth-tooth position during a normal start in the stationary sprocket, the starter must be switched on before the pinion is meshed into the sprocket. When meshing in the backward rotating ring gear - the back pendulum - the starter motor is switched on only after the meshing.
  • the switch-on can, according to an advantageous embodiment, comprise an additional winding in the starter relay, which takes over the function of a current-carrying switching winding, wherein the switching winding is associated with an axially adjustable switching armature.
  • the switching armature is moved when energized, the switching winding in a contact position, whereby the circuit of the starter motor is closed.
  • the energization of the switching winding is basically independent of the energization of the pull-in winding, which serves to adjust the starter pinion between non-functional and engagement position.
  • starting device 1 for an internal combustion engine has a starter pinion 2, which is brought to start the internal combustion engine 4 in engagement with a ring gear 3 of the internal combustion engine.
  • the starter pinion 2 is mounted axially displaceably on a shaft 5 as indicated by the double arrow, wherein the starter pinion 2 is non-rotatably coupled to the shaft 5.
  • the starter pinion 2 is adjusted between a retracted non-functional position and an advanced engagement position with the ring gear 3 of the internal combustion engine 4 via a starter relay 6 which is formed electromagnetically and comprises two energizable relay windings 7, 15 and a lifting armature 8, which when energizing the first relay windings 7, which has the function of a pull-in winding is pulled into this axially.
  • the lifting armature 8 actuates an engaging lever 9, which acts on a Einspurfeder 13, which rests on a driver 14 of a roller freewheel.
  • the starter pinion 2 is coupled on the output side with the driver 14, so that the axial advancing movement of the driver 14 is converted into the desired axial adjusting movement of the starter pinion 2 between the non-functional position and the engaged position.
  • the rotating drive movement on the shaft 5 or the starter pinion 2 is generated by means of an electric starter motor 11, which is coupled via a gear 12, for example a planetary gear with the shaft 5.
  • an electric starter motor 11 which is coupled via a gear 12, for example a planetary gear with the shaft 5.
  • the starter motor 11 is switched on via a switch-on device 16, which is integrated in the starter relay 6.
  • the circuit is in the Switching 16 closed by means of a switching element, which is designed as a switching armature and is adjusted when energizing the second relay winding 15, which has the function of a switching winding.
  • the starter motor 11 is set in motion and the shaft 5 and the starter pinion 2 driven in rotation.
  • the starting device 1 is associated with a control or control device 10, via which the functions of the starter relay 6 and the starter motor 11 are controlled. It is particularly possible to carry out the energization of the pull-in winding 7 and the switching winding 15 independently of each other.
  • a starter relay 6 is shown in longitudinal section.
  • the starter relay 6 has two relay windings 7, 15, which are arranged axially one behind the other in the housing 18 of the starter relay, wherein between the relay windings 7, 15, an air gap 30 is located.
  • the first relay winding 7 serves as a pull-in winding for the axial adjustment of the lifting armature 8, which causes the adjusting movement of the starter pinion.
  • the second relay winding 15 is associated with a switch-on device 16 for starting the electric starter motor and adjusts when energized the switching armature 23, which is preferably subjected to a force of a shift armature return spring to its initial position. When current is applied to the switching winding 15, the switching armature 23 is moved against the force of the switching armature return spring, whereby the circuit is closed.
  • the Hubanker Wegstellfeder 20 the force applied to the lifting armature 8 in its initial position, is based on the lifting armature 8 side facing away from the end face of the switching armature 23 from.
  • the lifting armature 8 forms with the switching armature 23 and a part of the housing 18 an electromagnetic circuit.
  • the turn-on device 16 for switching on and off of the electric starter motor is integrated into the starter relay 6 or arranged on the starter relay 6 and fixedly connected to the housing 18.
  • the turn-on device 16 has the switching armature 23, which is displaced axially from the initial position when the associated switching winding 15 is energized into a contact position, in which a contact bridge on a switching tappet 24, which is connected to the switching armature 23, is in electrical contact with two mating contacts which are located in the circuit of the electric starter motor, whereby the circuit is closed and the electric starter motor is started.
  • the energization of the pull-in winding 7 and the switching winding 15 is basically independent of each other. This allows various procedures to be performed depending on the current operating state. In particular, one-track operations are possible in a still rotating ring gear of the internal combustion engine, for example, at a restart shortly after switching off the internal combustion engine when the starter pinion must be meshed in the expiring sprocket.
  • Fig. 3 the time-dependent course of the ring gear speed (solid line) is shown after switching off the internal combustion engine.
  • the sprocket speed drops from a sawtooth and falls below due to the inertia of the engine, the zero level, the sprocket speed thus overshoots in the opposite direction and then exceeds the zero level again and then sounds out.
  • a limit value n L can be defined, wherein in the case of exceeding and in case of falling below the current sprocket speed different starting procedures are performed via the starting device.
  • the starting process in the diagram after Fig. 3 divided into four different phases I, II, III and IV the ring gear has a positive speed, in phase III, however, the ring gear oscillates in the opposite direction and therefore has a negative speed.
  • the starter speed is above the limit value n L. If the internal combustion engine is to be started in phase I, the electric starter motor is rotated by energizing the switching winding 15 and thereby the starter pinion speed, as shown by a dashed line, raised to a level which is expediently approximately as high as the ring gear speed at the moment of the lane.
  • the starter pinion speed does not exceed the ring gear speed at the moment of Einspurens, but is at the same level, possibly slightly lower, for example, by 5% or 10% below, to avoid a load shock in the drive train of the starter device.
  • phase I first the switching winding 15 is energized to start the electric starter motor, then the pull-in winding 7 is energized to conservespuren the starter pinion in the sprocket.
  • phase II the ring gear speed is below the limit n L , but it is greater than zero. Even in the coasting phase IV, the starter pinion speed moves to a level between zero and the limit n L.
  • the starting process is carried out by initially energized only the feed winding 7 and thereby the lifting armature 8 is adjusted to the meshing of the starter pinion. After meshing, the turn-on device 16 is switched on by the switching coil 15 is energized and the circuit of the electric starter motor is closed.
  • phase III the ring gear oscillates in the opposite direction due to the inertia of the internal combustion engine.
  • the pull-in winding 7 is first energized to the meshing of the starter pinion in the sprocket and then energized the switching winding 15 to turn on the Einschalt issued 16.
  • the time delay between the switch-on of the energization of the pull-in winding 7 and the energization of the switching winding 15 is greater than in the phases II and IV. Due to the greater time delay, the load impact in the drive train should be reduced.
  • FIGS. 4 to 11 are each the time-dependent curve of the energization of the pull-in winding 7 (solid curve) and the switching winding 15 (dash-dot line) shown.
  • Fig. 4 identifies the current flow pattern for phases II and IV Fig. 3 , First, the pull-in winding 7 is energized, with a time delay, the switching winding 15 is energized.
  • Fig. 5 the phase characteristic for the phase III is shown, which marks the starting process in case of an overshoot of the ring gear speed in the opposite direction. Also in this case, first the pull-in winding 7 and then the switching winding 15 is energized, wherein the time delay between the switch-on is greater than in the phases II, IV (shown in FIG Fig. 4 ).
  • Fig. 6 the current waveform for the phase I is shown, in which the ring gear speed exceeds the limit value n L.
  • the switching coil 15 is energized and thereby the starter motor is started, whereby the starter pinion speed is raised to a level which preferably does not exceed the ring gear speed at the moment of Einspurens.
  • the switching winding 15 is switched off again, immediately thereafter, the energization of the feed winding 7 takes place in order to pre-track the starter pinion between non-functional and engagement position.
  • the switching coil 15 is energized again to drive the meshed starter pinion rotation; the feeder winding 7 remains energized.
  • the advantage of in Fig. 6 The procedure described is that at the moment of the lane engagement of the starter pinion in the ring gear, the impact load due to the omitted acceleration is lower. In addition, the full battery voltage is available for the toggle operation of the starter pinion.
  • Fig. 7 is an alternative for the current flow in the phase I shown.
  • the energization of the switching coil 15 is not aborted during startup, but maintained. This has the advantage that the starting process can be performed faster, since no loss of time by switching off the starter is created.
  • the demands on the switching accuracy of the switching armature 23 are lower.
  • the lifting armature 8 must also overcome only the force of the Einspurfeder 13 in a tooth-on-tooth position.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 are illuminated variants for the continuation of an already started start shown.
  • the switching winding 15 is switched off after a defined period of time, whereas the pull-in winding 7 remains energized.
  • the pull-in winding 7 is switched off after a defined period of time, whereas the switching coil 15 remains energized.
  • Fig. 10 shows the current at the end of the boot process.
  • the energization of the pull-in winding 7 and the switching winding 15 is turned off, wherein the time of switching off the switching winding 15, as indicated by the double arrow, advantageously in the vicinity of the switch-off of the Feed winding 7 is, however, may generally vary slightly, so before or after the switch-off of the energization of the pull-in winding 7 can be placed.
  • Due to the return springs in the starter relay both the lifting armature 8 and the switching armature 23 are moved back to their original or rest position.
  • Fig. 11 the current flow is shown in the case of a start abort with blocked sprocket.
  • the starter pinion To turn off and Ausspuren the starter pinion, the pull-in winding 7 and the switching winding 15 are turned off at the same time.
  • the lifting armature is thus reset by the force of Hubanker Wegstellfeder 20.
  • the pull-in winding 7 is briefly energized again.
  • the magnetic force between the anchors pulls the switching armature safely back to its rest position, whereby the electrical contact in addition to the force of the return spring, which acts on the switching armature 23, is interrupted.
  • This function can be realized for example with a starter relay, in which the switching armature of the starter relay forms the core plate of the lifting armature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Betätigung einer Startvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine, wie zum Beispiel im DE 10 2010 001 773 .The invention relates to a method for actuating a starting device for an internal combustion engine, such as in DE 10 2010 001 773 ,

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Aus der DE 10 2009 027 117 A1 ist eine Startvorrichtung mit einem elektromagnetischen Starterrelais bekannt, das in einem Gehäuse zwei separate, axial hintereinander angeordnete Relaiswicklungen aufweist. Die erste Relaiswicklung hat die Aufgabe einer Einzugswicklung und verstellt einen Hubanker, der über einen Einrückhebel mit einem Starterritzel der Startvorrichtung gekoppelt ist. Bei Bestromung der Einzugswicklung wird das Starterritzel zwischen einer zurückgezogenen Außerfunktionsposition und einer axial vorgerückten Eingriffsposition verstellt, in der das Starterritzel in einen Zahnkranz der Brennkraftmaschine eingreift. Die zweite Relaiswicklung fungiert als Schaltwicklung und ist einer Schalteinrichtung zugeordnet, über die der Stromkreis eines elektrischen Startermotors zum Antreiben des Starterritzels ein- bzw. auszuschalten ist. Der Schaltwicklung ist ein Schaltanker zugeordnet, der bei Bestromung der Einschaltwicklung eine Kontaktplatte gegen zwei Gegenkontakte zum Schließen des Stromkreises des Startermotors drückt.From the DE 10 2009 027 117 A1 is a starting device with an electromagnetic starter relay known, which has two separate, axially one behind the other arranged relay windings in a housing. The first relay winding has the task of a pull-in winding and adjusts a lifting armature, which is coupled via an engaging lever with a starter pinion of the starting device. When energizing the pull-in winding, the starter pinion is moved between a retracted non-functional position and an axially advanced engagement position in which the starter pinion engages in a ring gear of the internal combustion engine. The second relay winding acts as a switching winding and is associated with a switching device via which the circuit of an electric starter motor for driving the starter pinion is on or off. The switching winding is associated with a switching armature which presses a current contact plate against contact against two mating contacts for closing the circuit of the starter motor when energizing the turn-on.

Die Ausführung mit zwei separaten Relaiswicklungen erlaubt die Entkopplung der Vorspurbewegung des Starterritzels vom Einschalten des elektrischen Startermotors.The version with two separate relay windings allows decoupling of the toggle movement of the starter pinion from switching on the electric starter motor.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, unter verschiedenen Betriebsbedingungen ein sicheres, geräuscharmes Starten einer Brennkraftmaschine mittels einer Startvorrichtung zu ermöglichen. Dies soll auch Betriebszustände erfassen, bei denen in einen auslaufenden Zahnkranz der Brennkraftmaschine eingespurt werden soll.The invention is based on the object under certain operating conditions to allow a safe, low-noise starting an internal combustion engine by means of a starting device. This should also detect operating conditions in which it is intended to mesh in an outgoing sprocket of the internal combustion engine.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Die Unteransprüche geben zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen an.This object is achieved with the features of claim 1. The dependent claims indicate expedient developments.

Das Verfahren bezieht sich auf eine Startvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einem elektromagnetischen Starterrelais, über das ein Starterritzel der Startvorrichtung zwischen einer zurückgezogenen Außerfunktionsposition und einer vorgerückten Eingriffsposition mit einem Zahnkranz der Brennkraftmaschine verstellbar ist. Bei der Verstellbewegung des Starterritzels handelt es sich vorzugsweise um eine axiale Stellbewegung, wobei grundsätzlich auch Schwenkbewegungen in Betracht kommen. Das Starterrelais weist eine bestrombare Einzugswicklung auf, der ein Hubanker zugeordnet ist, welcher bei Bestromung der Einzugswicklung verstellt wird. Die Stellbewegung des Hubankers wird mithilfe eines Übertragungsbauteils, beispielsweise eines Gabelhebels auf das Starterritzel übertragen, das daraufhin von der Außerfunktions- in die Eingriffsposition verstellt wird.The method relates to a starting device for an internal combustion engine with an electromagnetic starter relay, via which a starter pinion of the starting device between a retracted non-functional position and an advanced engagement position with a ring gear of the internal combustion engine is adjustable. In the adjusting movement of the starter pinion is preferably an axial adjusting movement, which in principle also pivoting movements into consideration. The starter relay has a bestrombare pull-in winding, which is associated with a lifting armature, which is adjusted when energizing the pull-in winding. The actuating movement of the lifting armature is transmitted to the starter pinion by means of a transmission component, for example a fork lever, which is then moved from the non-functional to the engaged position.

Die Startvorrichtung weist außerdem einen elektrischen Startermotor auf, der das Starterritzel in eine drehende Antriebsbewegung versetzt. Der Startermotor wird über eine Einschalteinrichtung ein- bzw. ausgeschaltet, die vorzugsweise in das Starterrelais integriert ist. Mit dem Einschalten der Einschalteinrichtung wird der Stromkreis des elektrischen Startermotors geschlossen und der Startermotor in Drehung versetzt. Die Einschalteinrichtung ist hierbei unabhängig vom Hubanker bzw. der Bestromung der Einzugswicklung zu betätigen.The starter also includes an electric starter motor which translates the starter pinion into a rotary drive motion. The starter motor is switched on or off via a switch-on, which is preferably integrated in the starter relay. When the switch-on device is switched on, the circuit of the electric starter motor is closed and the starter motor is set in rotation. The switch-on device is to be actuated independently of the lifting armature or the energization of the pull-in winding.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden verschiedene Betriebszustände der Brennkraftmaschine bzw. des Zahnkranzes der Brennkraftmaschine unterschieden. Die Unterscheidung erfolgt über die aktuelle Drehzahl des Zahnkranzes zum Zeitpunkt des Einschaltens der Startvorrichtung, über die die Brennkraftmaschine gestartet werden soll. Liegt die aktuelle Zahnkranzdrehzahl unterhalb eines Grenzwertes, wird zunächst nur der Hubanker verstellt und erst nach dem Vorspuren des Starterritzels an den Zahnkranz der Brennkraftmaschine die Einschalteinrichtung eingeschaltet und damit der Startermotor sowie das Starterritzel in Drehung versetzt.In the method according to the invention different operating conditions of the internal combustion engine or the ring gear of the internal combustion engine are differentiated. The distinction is made via the current speed of the ring gear at the time of switching on the starting device, via which the internal combustion engine is to be started. If the current sprocket speed is below a limit, initially only the lifting armature is adjusted and only after the toe-in of the starter pinion to the ring gear of the internal combustion engine, the switch-on turned on and thus set the starter motor and the starter pinion in rotation.

Weist dagegen der Zahnkranz eine relativ hohe Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeit auf und übersteigt die Drehzahl des Zahnkranzes einen Grenzwert, so wird die Einschalteinrichtung bereits vor dem Kontakt des Starterritzels mit dem Zahnkranz eingeschaltet und dadurch die Drehzahl des Starterritzels angehoben.If, on the other hand, the ring gear has a relatively high rotational speed and if the rotational speed of the ring gear exceeds a limit value, then the engagement device is already switched on before the contact of the starter pinion with the ring gear, thereby raising the rotational speed of the starter pinion.

Auf diese Weise können grundsätzlich sämtliche auftretenden Betriebsbedingungen abgedeckt werden, unter denen die Brennkraftmaschine mittels der Startvorrichtung gestartet werden soll, wobei das Starten der Brennkraftmaschine mit einer geringen Bauteilbelastung sowie einer reduzierten Geräuschentwicklung einhergeht. Es können insbesondere über einen langen Betriebszeitraum wiederholt Startvorgänge durchgeführt werden, bei denen das Starterritzel in einen sich noch drehenden Zahnkranz der Brennkraftmaschine eingespurt und gestartet werden muss, was z.B. bei Start-Stopp-Systemen mit häufigem Ab- und Anstellen der Brennkraftmaschine auftreten kann. Über die Differenzierung über die Drehzahl des Zahnkranzes können zwei unterschiedliche Grundsituationen differenziert werden, die entsprechend unterschiedlich behandelt werden.In this way, in principle all occurring operating conditions can be covered, under which the internal combustion engine is to be started by means of the starting device, wherein the starting of the internal combustion engine is associated with a low component load and a reduced noise. It can be carried out in particular over a long period of operation repeated starting operations in which the starter pinion has to be meshed and started in a still rotating ring gear of the internal combustion engine, which is e.g. can occur in start-stop systems with frequent shutdown and starting the internal combustion engine. By differentiating the speed of the ring gear two different basic situations can be differentiated, which are treated differently.

Unterschreitet die Zahnkranzdrehzahl den Grenzwert, so erfolgt zuerst das Vor- bzw. Einspuren, also die Verstellbewegung des Starterritzels von der Außerfunktions- in die Eingriffsposition, und anschließend das Andrehen über den elektrischen Startermotor. Hiervon werden sowohl normale bzw. reguläre Startvorgänge erfasst, bei denen die Brennkraftmaschine und der Zahnkranz stillsteht, also die Drehzahl des Zahnkranzes gleich null ist, als auch Betriebssituationen mit einer verhältnismäßig geringen Zahnkranzdrehzahl. Falls der Zahnkranz stillsteht, kann beim Vorspuren das Starterritzel in eine Zahn-auf-Zahn-Stellung mit dem Zahnkranz gelangen, die jedoch mit dem Andrehen des Starterritzels durch Einschalten des Startermotors aufgehoben wird. Sofern dagegen der Zahnkranz eine Drehzahl unterhalb der Grenzdrehzahl aufweist, werden Zahn-auf-Zahn-Stellungen zwischen dem Starterritzel und dem Zahnkranz auch allein auf Grund der Zahnkranzdrehzahl aufgehoben. In diesem Fall kann es zweckmäßig sein, den Andrehvorgang durch Einschalten des Startermotors gegenüber der Situation mit stehendem Zahnkranz geringfügig verzögert durchzuführen.If the speed of the ring gear falls below the limit value, then first the pre- or lacing, ie the adjustment movement of the starter pinion from the non-functional to the engaged position, and then the turning on the electric starter motor. From this, both normal and regular starting operations are detected, in which the internal combustion engine and the ring gear is stationary, that is, the speed of the ring gear is equal to zero, as well as operating situations with a relatively low ring gear speed. If the ring gear is stationary, the starter pinion can get into a tooth-on-tooth position with the ring gear during toe-in, which is canceled by turning on the starter pinion by turning on the starter motor. If, however, the ring gear has a speed below the limit speed, tooth-on-tooth positions between the starter pinion and the ring gear are also canceled solely on the basis of the ring gear speed. In this case, it may be appropriate to start the turning by turning on the Starter motor with respect to the situation with standing sprocket slightly delayed perform.

Übersteigt dagegen die Zahnkranzdrehzahl den Grenzwert, so liegt eine verhältnismäßig hohe Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeit des Zahnkranzes vor, wobei über das Einschalten des Startermotors die Starterritzeldrehzahl angehoben und eine Synchronisation zwischen Starterritzel und Zahnkranz erreicht wird. Hierbei genügt es grundsätzlich, dass die Starterritzeldrehzahl maximal auf das Niveau der Zahnkranzdrehzahl im Moment des Einspurens angehoben wird, wobei ggf. ein geringfügig niedrigeres Drehzahlniveau des Starterritzels ausreicht, beispielsweise eine um 5 % oder um 10 % gegenüber der Zahnkranzdrehzahl reduzierte Starterritzeldrehzahl. Indem die Drehzahl des Starterritzels auf ein Niveau angehoben wird, welches die Zahnkranzdrehzahl nicht übersteigt, werden unerwünschte Lastschläge im Antriebsstrang der Startvorrichtung zwischen dem elektrischen Startermotor, einem eventuell vorgesehenen Planetengetriebe, einem ggf. vorhandenen Freilauf und dem Starterritzel vermieden.On the other hand, if the ring gear speed exceeds the limit value, then there is a relatively high rotational speed of the ring gear, wherein the starter pinion speed is increased by switching on the starter motor and a synchronization between the starter pinion and ring gear is achieved. In this case, it is sufficient in principle that the starter pinion speed is raised to the maximum level of the ring gear speed at the moment of meshing, possibly a slightly lower speed level of the starter pinion is sufficient, for example, by 5% or 10% compared to the ring gear speed reduced starter pinion speed. By the speed of the starter pinion is raised to a level that does not exceed the ring gear speed, unwanted load shocks in the drive train of the starting device between the electric starter motor, a possibly provided planetary gear, a possibly existing freewheel and the starter pinion are avoided.

Auf Grund der Massenträgheit der Brennkraftmaschine kann der Zahnkranz nach dem Abschalten in Gegenrichtung überschwingen. Falls in dieser Situation die Brennkraftmaschine wieder gestartet werden soll, wird zunächst durch Verstellen des Hubankers im Starterrelais das Starterritzel vorgespurt und erst nach dem Einspuren die Einschalteinrichtung des Startermotors eingeschaltet. Es kann jedoch vorteilhaft sein, gegenüber einem Einschaltvorgang bei stillstehender Brennkraftmaschine bzw. geringer positiver Zahnkranzdrehzahl den Startermotor mit größerer Zeitverzögerung einzuschalten, um den Lastschlag im Antriebsstrang zu reduzieren, indem ein zusätzliches Moment, welches im Augenblick des Andrehens des Startermotors hinzukäme, vermieden wird.Due to the inertia of the internal combustion engine, the ring gear can overshoot in the opposite direction after switching off. If, in this situation, the engine is to be restarted, the starter pinion is first vorgespurt by adjusting the Hubankers in the starter relay and turned on only after the meshing of the Einschalteinrichtung the starter motor. However, it may be advantageous to turn on the starter motor with a greater time delay compared to a switch-on with a stationary internal combustion engine or low positive ring gear speed to reduce the load impact in the drive train by an additional moment, which would be added at the moment of cranking the starter motor is avoided.

Da bei einem normalen Start in den stehenden Zahnkranz das Ritzel bei einer Zahn-Zahn-Stellung nicht eingespurt werden kann, muss der Starter eingeschaltet werden, bevor das Ritzel in den Zahnkranz eingespurt ist. Beim Einspuren in den rückwärts drehenden Zahnkranz - dem Rückpendeln - wird der Startermotor erst nach dem Einspuren eingeschaltet.Since the pinion can not be meshed in a tooth-tooth position during a normal start in the stationary sprocket, the starter must be switched on before the pinion is meshed into the sprocket. When meshing in the backward rotating ring gear - the back pendulum - the starter motor is switched on only after the meshing.

Grundsätzlich möglich ist es aber auch, sowohl beim Starten mit stillstehendem Zahnkranz als auch bei einer Zahnkranzdrehzahl unterhalb des Grenzwertes, die Einschalteinrichtung zu betätigen und dadurch den Startermotor zu starten, wenn durch das Vorspuren des Starterritzels eine Zahn-auf-Zahn-Stellung mit dem Zahnkranz besteht. Wird bereits in der Zahn-auf-Zahn-Stellung das Starterritzel in Drehung versetzt, kann der Einspurvorgang unterstützt werden, bei dem die Verzahnung des Starterritzels und des Zahnkranzes ineinandergreifen.Basically, it is also possible, both when starting with stationary ring gear and at a ring gear speed below the limit, the Actuate Einschalteinrichtung and thereby start the starter motor, if there is a tooth-on-tooth position with the ring gear by the toe of the starter pinion. If the starter pinion is set into rotation already in the tooth-on-tooth position, the meshing operation can be assisted, in which the toothing of the starter pinion and the toothed ring mesh with one another.

Die Einschalteinrichtung kann, gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführung, eine zusätzliche Wicklung im Starterrelais umfassen, die die Funktion einer bestrombaren Schaltwicklung übernimmt, wobei der Schaltwicklung ein axial verstellbarer Schaltanker zugeordnet ist. Der Schaltanker wird bei Bestromung der Schaltwicklung in eine Kontaktposition verstellt, wodurch der Stromkreis des Startermotors geschlossen wird. Die Bestromung der Schaltwicklung erfolgt grundsätzlich unabhängig von der Bestromung der Einzugswicklung, welche zum Verstellen des Starterritzels zwischen Außerfunktions- und Eingriffsposition dient.The switch-on can, according to an advantageous embodiment, comprise an additional winding in the starter relay, which takes over the function of a current-carrying switching winding, wherein the switching winding is associated with an axially adjustable switching armature. The switching armature is moved when energized, the switching winding in a contact position, whereby the circuit of the starter motor is closed. The energization of the switching winding is basically independent of the energization of the pull-in winding, which serves to adjust the starter pinion between non-functional and engagement position.

Für den Startvorgang, insbesondere bei hohen Motordrehzahlen, kann es zweckmäßig sein, die Drehzahl des Zahnkranzes zum erwarteten Zeitpunkt des Einspurvorgangs vorauszuberechnen, um darauf die Entscheidung für den Ablauf des gesamten Vorgangs zu basieren.For the starting process, especially at high engine speeds, it may be appropriate to predict the speed of the ring gear at the expected time of the Einspurvorgangs to base on the decision for the end of the entire process.

Weitere Vorteile und zweckmäßige Ausführungen sind den weiteren Ansprüchen, der Figurenbeschreibung und den Zeichnungen zu entnehmen. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Startvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Starterritzel, das axial über ein Starterrelais verstellbar und über einen elektrischen Startermotor drehend anzutreiben ist, wobei der elektrische Startermotor über eine Einschalteinrichtung im Starterrelais eingeschaltet wird,
Fig. 2
einen Schnitt durch ein Starterrelais mit integrierter Einschalteinrichtung,
Fig. 3
ein Diagramm mit dem zeitabhängigen Verlauf der Zahnkranzdrehzahl nach dem Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine, mit zusätzlich eingezeichnetem Verlauf der Starterritzeldrehzahl zu verschiedenen Einschaltzeitpunkten,
Fig. 4
der zeitabhängige Stromverlauf für die Bestromung der Einzugswicklung (durchgezogene Linie) und der Schaltwicklung (strichpunktierte Linie),
Fig. 5 bis 11
weitere Schaltbilder mit den Stromverläufen für die Einzugswicklung und die Schaltwicklung, die in verschiedenen Betriebssituationen zum Starten der Brennkraftmaschine über die Startvorrichtung zur Anwendung kommen.
Further advantages and expedient embodiments can be taken from the further claims, the description of the figures and the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a starting device for an internal combustion engine with a starter pinion, which is axially adjustable via a starter relay and driven in rotation via an electric starter motor, wherein the electric starter motor is turned on via a switch-on in the starter relay,
Fig. 2
a section through a starter relay with integrated Einschaltalteinrichtung,
Fig. 3
a diagram with the time-dependent course of the ring gear speed after switching off the internal combustion engine, with additional plotted course of the starter pinion speed at different switch-on,
Fig. 4
the time-dependent current profile for the energization of the pull-in winding (solid line) and the switching winding (dash-dotted line),
Fig. 5 to 11
Further circuit diagrams with the current curves for the pull-in winding and the switching winding, which come in different operating situations for starting the internal combustion engine via the starting device used.

In den Figuren sind gleiche Bauteile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.In the figures, the same components are provided with the same reference numerals.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Startvorrichtung 1 für eine Brennkraftmaschine weist ein Starterritzel 2 auf, das zum Starten der Brennkraftmaschine 4 in Eingriff mit einem Zahnkranz 3 der Brennkraftmaschine gebracht wird. Das Starterritzel 2 ist auf einer Welle 5 wie mit dem Doppelpfeil gekennzeichnet axial verschieblich gelagert, wobei das Starterritzel 2 drehfest mit der Welle 5 gekoppelt ist. Das Starterritzel 2 wird zwischen einer zurückgezogenen Außerfunktionsposition und einer vorgerückten Eingriffsposition mit dem Zahnkranz 3 der Brennkraftmaschine 4 über ein Starterrelais 6 verstellt, das elektromagnetisch ausgebildet ist und zwei bestrombare Relaiswicklungen 7, 15 sowie einen Hubanker 8 umfasst, der bei Bestromung der ersten Relaiswicklungen 7, die die Funktion einer Einzugswicklung hat, in diese axial hineingezogen wird. Der Hubanker 8 betätigt einen Einrückhebel 9, der eine Einspurfeder 13 beaufschlagt, die auf einem Mitnehmer 14 eines Rollenfreilaufs aufsitzt. Das Starterritzel 2 ist abtriebsseitig mit dem Mitnehmer 14 gekoppelt, so dass die axiale Vorschubbewegung des Mitnehmers 14 in die gewünschte axiale Stellbewegung des Starterritzels 2 zwischen der Außerfunktionsposition und der Eingriffsposition umgesetzt wird.In the Fig. 1 illustrated starting device 1 for an internal combustion engine has a starter pinion 2, which is brought to start the internal combustion engine 4 in engagement with a ring gear 3 of the internal combustion engine. The starter pinion 2 is mounted axially displaceably on a shaft 5 as indicated by the double arrow, wherein the starter pinion 2 is non-rotatably coupled to the shaft 5. The starter pinion 2 is adjusted between a retracted non-functional position and an advanced engagement position with the ring gear 3 of the internal combustion engine 4 via a starter relay 6 which is formed electromagnetically and comprises two energizable relay windings 7, 15 and a lifting armature 8, which when energizing the first relay windings 7, which has the function of a pull-in winding is pulled into this axially. The lifting armature 8 actuates an engaging lever 9, which acts on a Einspurfeder 13, which rests on a driver 14 of a roller freewheel. The starter pinion 2 is coupled on the output side with the driver 14, so that the axial advancing movement of the driver 14 is converted into the desired axial adjusting movement of the starter pinion 2 between the non-functional position and the engaged position.

Die drehende Antriebsbewegung auf die Welle 5 bzw. das Starterritzel 2 wird mithilfe eines elektrischen Startermotors 11 erzeugt, der über ein Getriebe 12, beispielesweise ein Planetengetriebe mit der Welle 5 gekoppelt ist. Bei einer Betätigung des elektrischen Startermotors 11 wird die Welle 5 und damit auch das Starterritzel 2 in Drehung versetzt.The rotating drive movement on the shaft 5 or the starter pinion 2 is generated by means of an electric starter motor 11, which is coupled via a gear 12, for example a planetary gear with the shaft 5. Upon actuation of the electric starter motor 11, the shaft 5 and thus the starter pinion 2 is rotated.

Das Einschalten des Startermotors 11 erfolgt über eine Einschalteinrichtung 16, die in das Starterrelais 6 integriert ist. Der Stromkreis wird in der Einschalteinrichtung 16 mittels eines Schaltglieds geschlossen, das als Schaltanker ausgeführt ist und bei Bestromung der zweiten Relaiswicklung 15 verstellt wird, welche die Funktion einer Schaltwicklung hat. Bei geschlossenem Stromkreis wird der Startermotor 11 in Bewegung gesetzt und die Welle 5 sowie das Starterritzel 2 drehend angetrieben.The starter motor 11 is switched on via a switch-on device 16, which is integrated in the starter relay 6. The circuit is in the Switching 16 closed by means of a switching element, which is designed as a switching armature and is adjusted when energizing the second relay winding 15, which has the function of a switching winding. When the circuit is closed, the starter motor 11 is set in motion and the shaft 5 and the starter pinion 2 driven in rotation.

Der Startvorrichtung 1 ist ein Regel- bzw. Steuergerät 10 zugeordnet, über das die Funktionen des Starterrelais 6 sowie des Startermotors 11 gesteuert werden. Es ist insbesondere möglich, die Bestromung der Einzugswicklung 7 und der Schaltwicklung 15 unabhängig voneinander durchzuführen.The starting device 1 is associated with a control or control device 10, via which the functions of the starter relay 6 and the starter motor 11 are controlled. It is particularly possible to carry out the energization of the pull-in winding 7 and the switching winding 15 independently of each other.

In Fig. 2 ist ein Starterrelais 6 im Längsschnitt dargestellt. Das Starterrelais 6 weist zwei Relaiswicklungen 7, 15 auf, die im Gehäuse 18 des Starterrelais axial hintereinander liegend angeordnet sind, wobei zwischen den Relaiswicklungen 7, 15 ein Luftspalt 30 liegt. Die erste Relaiswicklung 7 dient als Einzugswicklung zum axialen Verstellen des Hubankers 8, welcher die Stellbewegung des Starterritzels bewirkt. Die zweite Relaiswicklung 15 ist einer Einschalteinrichtung 16 zum Starten des elektrischen Startermotors zugeordnet und verstellt bei Bestromung den Schaltanker 23, der vorteilhafterweise von einer Schaltankerrückstellfeder in seine Ausgangsposition kraftbeaufschlagt ist. Bei Bestromung der Schaltwicklung 15 wird der Schaltanker 23 gegen die Kraft der Schaltankerrückstellfeder bewegt, wodurch der Stromkreis geschlossen wird.In Fig. 2 a starter relay 6 is shown in longitudinal section. The starter relay 6 has two relay windings 7, 15, which are arranged axially one behind the other in the housing 18 of the starter relay, wherein between the relay windings 7, 15, an air gap 30 is located. The first relay winding 7 serves as a pull-in winding for the axial adjustment of the lifting armature 8, which causes the adjusting movement of the starter pinion. The second relay winding 15 is associated with a switch-on device 16 for starting the electric starter motor and adjusts when energized the switching armature 23, which is preferably subjected to a force of a shift armature return spring to its initial position. When current is applied to the switching winding 15, the switching armature 23 is moved against the force of the switching armature return spring, whereby the circuit is closed.

Die Hubankerrückstellfeder 20, die den Hubanker 8 in dessen Ausgangsposition kraftbeaufschlagt, stützt sich auf der dem Hubanker 8 abgewandten Seite an der Stirnfläche des Schaltankers 23 ab. Der Hubanker 8 bildet mit dem Schaltanker 23 und einem Teil des Gehäuses 18 einen elektromagnetischen Kreis.The Hubankerrückstellfeder 20, the force applied to the lifting armature 8 in its initial position, is based on the lifting armature 8 side facing away from the end face of the switching armature 23 from. The lifting armature 8 forms with the switching armature 23 and a part of the housing 18 an electromagnetic circuit.

Die Einschalteinrichtung 16 zum Ein- bzw. Ausschalten des elektrischen Startermotors ist in das Starterrelais 6 integriert bzw. am Starterrelais 6 angeordnet und mit dem Gehäuse 18 fest verbunden. Die Einschalteinrichtung 16 weist den Schaltanker 23 auf, der bei Bestromung der zugeordneten Schaltwicklung 15 aus der Ausgangsposition axial in eine Kontaktposition verstellt wird, in der eine Kontaktbrücke an einem Schaltstößel 24, der mit dem Schaltanker 23 verbunden ist, in elektrischen Kontakt mit zwei Gegenkontakten gelangt, die im Stromkreis des elektrischen Startermotors liegen, wodurch der Stromkreis geschlossen und der elektrische Startermotor gestartet wird.The turn-on device 16 for switching on and off of the electric starter motor is integrated into the starter relay 6 or arranged on the starter relay 6 and fixedly connected to the housing 18. The turn-on device 16 has the switching armature 23, which is displaced axially from the initial position when the associated switching winding 15 is energized into a contact position, in which a contact bridge on a switching tappet 24, which is connected to the switching armature 23, is in electrical contact with two mating contacts which are located in the circuit of the electric starter motor, whereby the circuit is closed and the electric starter motor is started.

Die Bestromung der Einzugswicklung 7 und der Schaltwicklung 15 erfolgt grundsätzlich unabhängig voneinander. Dies ermöglicht verschiedene Verfahrensweisen, die je nach aktuellem Betriebszustand durchgeführt werden. Möglich sind insbesondere Einspurvorgänge in einen sich noch drehenden Zahnkranz der Brennkraftmaschine, beispielsweise bei einem Neustart kurz nach dem Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine, wenn das Starterritzel in den auslaufenden Zahnkranz eingespurt werden muss.The energization of the pull-in winding 7 and the switching winding 15 is basically independent of each other. This allows various procedures to be performed depending on the current operating state. In particular, one-track operations are possible in a still rotating ring gear of the internal combustion engine, for example, at a restart shortly after switching off the internal combustion engine when the starter pinion must be meshed in the expiring sprocket.

In Fig. 3 ist der zeitabhängige Verlauf der Zahnkranzdrehzahl (durchgezogener Strich) nach dem Abschalten der Brennkraftmaschine dargestellt. Die Zahnkranzdrehzahl sinkt sägezahnförmig ab und unterschreitet auf Grund der Massenträgheit der Brennkraftmaschine das Nullniveau, die Zahnkranzdrehzahl überschwingt somit in Gegenrichtung und übersteigt anschließend wieder das Nullniveau und klingt danach aus. Für die Zahnkranzdrehzahl kann ein Grenzwert nL definiert werden, wobei im Falle des Überschreitens und im Falle des Unterschreitens der aktuellen Zahnkranzdrehzahl unterschiedliche Startprozeduren über die Startvorrichtung durchgeführt werden.In Fig. 3 the time-dependent course of the ring gear speed (solid line) is shown after switching off the internal combustion engine. The sprocket speed drops from a sawtooth and falls below due to the inertia of the engine, the zero level, the sprocket speed thus overshoots in the opposite direction and then exceeds the zero level again and then sounds out. For the sprocket speed, a limit value n L can be defined, wherein in the case of exceeding and in case of falling below the current sprocket speed different starting procedures are performed via the starting device.

Exemplarisch ist der Startvorgang im Schaubild nach Fig. 3 in vier verschiedene Phasen I, II, III und IV unterteilt. In den Phasen I, II IV weist der Zahnkranz eine positive Drehzahl auf, in der Phase III schwingt dagegen der Zahnkranz in Gegenrichtung über und besitzt daher eine negative Drehzahl. In der ersten Phase I liegt die Starterdrehzahl oberhalb des Grenzwertes nL. Soll in der Phase I die Brennkraftmaschine gestartet werden, so wird durch Bestromen der Schaltwicklung 15 der elektrische Startermotor in Drehung versetzt und dadurch die Starterritzeldrehzahl, wie mit gestrichelter Linie dargestellt, auf ein Niveau angehoben, welches zweckmäßigerweise annähernd so hoch ist wie die Zahnkranzdrehzahl im Augenblick des Einspurens. Vorteilhafterweise übersteigt die Starterritzeldrehzahl die Zahnkranzdrehzahl im Augenblick des Einspurens nicht, sondern liegt maximal auf gleichem Niveau, ggf. geringfügig darunter, beispielsweise um 5 % oder 10 % darunter, um einen Lastschlag im Antriebsstrang der Startervorrichtung zu vermeiden. In Phase I wird zunächst die Schaltwicklung 15 zum Starten des elektrischen Startermotors bestromt, anschließend wird die Einzugswicklung 7 bestromt, um das Starterritzel in den Zahnkranz einzuspuren.By way of example, the starting process in the diagram after Fig. 3 divided into four different phases I, II, III and IV. In phases I, II IV, the ring gear has a positive speed, in phase III, however, the ring gear oscillates in the opposite direction and therefore has a negative speed. In the first phase I, the starter speed is above the limit value n L. If the internal combustion engine is to be started in phase I, the electric starter motor is rotated by energizing the switching winding 15 and thereby the starter pinion speed, as shown by a dashed line, raised to a level which is expediently approximately as high as the ring gear speed at the moment of the lane. Advantageously, the starter pinion speed does not exceed the ring gear speed at the moment of Einspurens, but is at the same level, possibly slightly lower, for example, by 5% or 10% below, to avoid a load shock in the drive train of the starter device. In phase I, first the switching winding 15 is energized to start the electric starter motor, then the pull-in winding 7 is energized to einzuspuren the starter pinion in the sprocket.

In der Phase II liegt die Zahnkranzdrehzahl unterhalb des Grenzwertes nL, sie ist jedoch größer als null. Auch in der Auslaufphase IV bewegt sich die Starterritzeldrehzahl auf einem Niveau zwischen null und dem Grenzwert nL. In beiden Phasen II und IV erfolgt der Startvorgang, indem zunächst nur die Einzugwicklung 7 bestromt und dadurch der Hubanker 8 zum Einspuren des Starterritzels verstellt wird. Nach dem Einspuren wird die Einschalteinrichtung 16 zugeschaltet, indem die Schaltwicklung 15 bestromt wird und der Stromkreis des elektrischen Startermotors geschlossen wird.In phase II, the ring gear speed is below the limit n L , but it is greater than zero. Even in the coasting phase IV, the starter pinion speed moves to a level between zero and the limit n L. In both phases II and IV, the starting process is carried out by initially energized only the feed winding 7 and thereby the lifting armature 8 is adjusted to the meshing of the starter pinion. After meshing, the turn-on device 16 is switched on by the switching coil 15 is energized and the circuit of the electric starter motor is closed.

In der Phase III schwingt der Zahnkranz auf Grund der Massenträgheit der Brennkraftmaschine in Gegenrichtung über. Auch in dieser Phase wird zunächst die Einzugswicklung 7 bis zum Einspuren des Starterritzels in den Zahnkranz bestromt und anschließend die Schaltwicklung 15 zum Einschalten der Einschalteinrichtung 16 bestromt. Allerdings ist die zeitliche Verzögerung zwischen dem Einschaltzeitpunkt der Bestromung der Einzugswicklung 7 und der Bestromung der Schaltwicklung 15 größer als in den Phasen II und IV. Durch die größere zeitliche Verzögerung soll der Lastschlag im Antriebsstrang vermindert werden.In phase III, the ring gear oscillates in the opposite direction due to the inertia of the internal combustion engine. Also in this phase, the pull-in winding 7 is first energized to the meshing of the starter pinion in the sprocket and then energized the switching winding 15 to turn on the Einschalteinrichtung 16. However, the time delay between the switch-on of the energization of the pull-in winding 7 and the energization of the switching winding 15 is greater than in the phases II and IV. Due to the greater time delay, the load impact in the drive train should be reduced.

In den Figuren 4 bis 11 sind jeweils der zeitabhängige Verlauf der Bestromung der Einzugswicklung 7 (durchgezogener Verlauf) und der Schaltwicklung 15 (strichpunktierter Verlauf) dargestellt.In the FIGS. 4 to 11 are each the time-dependent curve of the energization of the pull-in winding 7 (solid curve) and the switching winding 15 (dash-dot line) shown.

Fig. 4 kennzeichnet den Bestromungsverlauf für die Phasen II und IV aus Fig. 3. Zunächst wird die Einzugswicklung 7 bestromt, mit zeitlicher Verzögerung wird die Schaltwicklung 15 bestromt. Fig. 4 identifies the current flow pattern for phases II and IV Fig. 3 , First, the pull-in winding 7 is energized, with a time delay, the switching winding 15 is energized.

In Fig. 5 ist der Stromverlauf für die Phase III dargestellt, die den Startvorgang bei einem Überschwingen der Zahnkranzdrehzahl in Gegenrichtung kennzeichnet. Auch in diesem Fall wird zunächst die Einzugswicklung 7 und anschließend die Schaltwicklung 15 bestromt, wobei die zeitliche Verzögerung zwischen den Einschaltzeitpunkten größer ist als in den Phasen II, IV (dargestellt in Fig. 4).In Fig. 5 the phase characteristic for the phase III is shown, which marks the starting process in case of an overshoot of the ring gear speed in the opposite direction. Also in this case, first the pull-in winding 7 and then the switching winding 15 is energized, wherein the time delay between the switch-on is greater than in the phases II, IV (shown in FIG Fig. 4 ).

In Fig. 6 ist der Stromverlauf für die Phase I dargestellt, in der die Zahnkranzdrehzahl den Grenzwertes nL übersteigt. Zunächst wird die Schaltwicklung 15 bestromt und dadurch der Startermotor gestartet, wodurch die Starterritzeldrehzahl auf ein Niveau angehoben wird, welches bevorzugt die Zahnkranzdrehzahl im Moment des Einspurens nicht überschreitet. Die Schaltwicklung 15 wird wieder abgeschaltet, unmittelbar danach erfolgt die Bestromung der Einzugwicklung 7, um das Starterritzel zwischen Außerfunktions- und Eingriffsposition vorzuspuren. Mit zeitlichem Versatz wird die Schaltwicklung 15 erneut bestromt, um das eingespurte Starterritzel drehend anzutreiben; die Einzugwicklung 7 bleibt bestromt. Der Vorteil der in Fig. 6 dargestellten Vorgehensweise liegt darin, dass im Moment des Einspurens des Starterritzels in den Zahnkranz die Stoßbelastung auf Grund der wegfallenden Beschleunigung geringer ist. Außerdem steht die volle Batteriespannung für den Vorspurvorgang des Starterritzels zur Verfügung.In Fig. 6 the current waveform for the phase I is shown, in which the ring gear speed exceeds the limit value n L. First, the switching coil 15 is energized and thereby the starter motor is started, whereby the starter pinion speed is raised to a level which preferably does not exceed the ring gear speed at the moment of Einspurens. The switching winding 15 is switched off again, immediately thereafter, the energization of the feed winding 7 takes place in order to pre-track the starter pinion between non-functional and engagement position. With a time offset, the switching coil 15 is energized again to drive the meshed starter pinion rotation; the feeder winding 7 remains energized. The advantage of in Fig. 6 The procedure described is that at the moment of the lane engagement of the starter pinion in the ring gear, the impact load due to the omitted acceleration is lower. In addition, the full battery voltage is available for the toggle operation of the starter pinion.

In Fig. 7 ist eine Alternative für den Bestromungsverlauf in der Phase I dargestellt. Im Unterschied zu Fig. 6 wird die Bestromung der Schaltwicklung 15 während des Startvorgangs nicht abgebrochen, sondern aufrechterhalten. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass der Startvorgang schneller durchgeführt werden kann, da kein Zeitverlust durch Abschalten des Starters entsteht. Zudem sind die Anforderungen an die Schaltgenauigkeit des Schaltankers 23 geringer. Der Hubanker 8 muss außerdem in einer Zahn-auf-Zahn-Stellung nur die Kraft der Einspurfeder 13 überwinden.In Fig. 7 is an alternative for the current flow in the phase I shown. In contrast to Fig. 6 the energization of the switching coil 15 is not aborted during startup, but maintained. This has the advantage that the starting process can be performed faster, since no loss of time by switching off the starter is created. In addition, the demands on the switching accuracy of the switching armature 23 are lower. The lifting armature 8 must also overcome only the force of the Einspurfeder 13 in a tooth-on-tooth position.

In den Figuren 8 und 9 sind Bestromungsvarianten für die Fortsetzung eines bereits begonnenen Starts dargestellt. Gemäß Fig. 8 wird die Schaltwicklung 15 nach Ablauf einer definierten Zeitspanne abgeschaltet, wohingegen die Einzugswicklung 7 weiterhin bestromt bleibt. Gemäß Fig. 9 wird die Einzugswicklung 7 nach Ablauf einer definierten Zeitspanne abgeschaltet, wohingegen die Schaltwicklung 15 bestromt bleibt.In the FIGS. 8 and 9 are illuminated variants for the continuation of an already started start shown. According to Fig. 8 the switching winding 15 is switched off after a defined period of time, whereas the pull-in winding 7 remains energized. According to Fig. 9 the pull-in winding 7 is switched off after a defined period of time, whereas the switching coil 15 remains energized.

Fig. 10 zeigt den Stromverlauf beim Ende des Startvorgangs. Die Bestromung der Einzugswicklung 7 und der Schaltwicklung 15 wird abgeschaltet, wobei der Zeitpunkt der Abschaltung der Schaltwicklung 15, wie mit dem Doppelpfeil angedeutet, vorteilhafterweise in der Nähe des Abschaltzeitpunktes der Einzugswicklung 7 liegt, jedoch grundsätzlich geringfügig variieren kann, also vor oder nach den Abschaltzeitpunkt der Bestromung der Einzugswicklung 7 gelegt werden kann. Auf Grund der Rückstellfedern im Starterrelais werden sowohl der Hubanker 8 als auch der Schaltanker 23 in ihre Ausgangs- bzw. Ruhelage zurück verstellt. Fig. 10 shows the current at the end of the boot process. The energization of the pull-in winding 7 and the switching winding 15 is turned off, wherein the time of switching off the switching winding 15, as indicated by the double arrow, advantageously in the vicinity of the switch-off of the Feed winding 7 is, however, may generally vary slightly, so before or after the switch-off of the energization of the pull-in winding 7 can be placed. Due to the return springs in the starter relay both the lifting armature 8 and the switching armature 23 are moved back to their original or rest position.

In Fig. 11 ist der Stromverlauf im Falle eines Startabbruches bei blockiertem Zahnkranz dargestellt. Zum Abschalten und Ausspuren des Starterritzels werden die Einzugswicklung 7 und die Schaltwicklung 15 zum gleichen Zeitpunkt abgeschaltet. Der Hubanker wird somit durch die Kraft der Hubankerrückstellfeder 20 zurückgestellt.In Fig. 11 the current flow is shown in the case of a start abort with blocked sprocket. To turn off and Ausspuren the starter pinion, the pull-in winding 7 and the switching winding 15 are turned off at the same time. The lifting armature is thus reset by the force of Hubankerrückstellfeder 20.

Um auch den Schaltanker 23 sicher in seine Ruhe- bzw. Ausgangslage zu verstellen bzw. eine erhöhte Kraft zum Trennen der Schalteinrichtung aufzubringen, wird die Einzugswicklung 7 nochmals kurz bestromt. Die Magnetkraft zwischen den Ankern zieht den Schaltanker sicher in seine Ruhelage zurück, wodurch der elektrische Kontakt zusätzlich zur Kraft der Rückstellfeder, welche auf den Schaltanker 23 wirkt, unterbrochen wird. Diese Funktion kann beispielsweise mit einem Starterrelais realisiert werden, bei dem der Schaltanker des Starterrelais die Kernplatte des Hubankers bildet.In order to adjust the switching armature 23 securely in its rest or starting position or to apply an increased force for separating the switching device, the pull-in winding 7 is briefly energized again. The magnetic force between the anchors pulls the switching armature safely back to its rest position, whereby the electrical contact in addition to the force of the return spring, which acts on the switching armature 23, is interrupted. This function can be realized for example with a starter relay, in which the switching armature of the starter relay forms the core plate of the lifting armature.

Claims (14)

  1. Method for actuating a starting device for an internal combustion engine wherein the starting device has a starter relay (6) with a lifting armature (8) and an energizable pull-in winding (7) and a switch-on device (16) for switching on an electric starter motor (11), and the switch-on device (16) can be actuated independently of the lifting armature (8) and of the pull-in winding (7), wherein if the rotational speed of the ring gear (3) is below a limiting value (nL) during a meshing process into the ring gear (3) of the internal combustion engine (4), firstly only the lifting armature (8) is adjusted, and the switch-on device (16) of the starter motor (11) is not switched on until after the meshing, and if the rotational speed of the ring gear (3) exceeds a limiting value (nL) the switch-on device (16) is already switched on, in order to increase the rotational speed of the starter pinion (2), before the contact of the starter pinion (2) enters into contact with ring gear (3) of the internal combustion engine (4).
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the switch-on device (16) which is integrated into the starter relay (6) has, as an additional winding, an energizable switching winding (15) which acts on an axially adjustable switching armature (23) of the switch-on device (16), wherein the switching winding (15) can be energized independently of the pull-in winding (7) in order to switch on the starter motor (11).
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that if the rotational speed of the ring gear (3) exceeds the limiting value (nL), the rotational speed of the starter pinion (2) is increased to a value which is less than or equal to the rotational speed of the ring gear (3).
  4. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that if the rotational speed of the ring gear (3) exceeds the limiting value (nL), the switch-on device (16) is switched off, the lifting arm (8) is adjusted and the switch-on device (16) is switched on again.
  5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that if the ring gear (3) rotates in the opposite direction, firstly only the lifting arm (8) is adjusted, and the switch-on device (16) of the starter motor (11) is not switched on until after the meshing.
  6. Method according to Claim 5, characterized in that the switch-on device (16) of the starter motor (11) is switched on with a delay.
  7. Method according to Claim 6, characterized in that the switch-on device (16) of the starter motor (11) is switched on with a longer delay than in the case in which the rotational speed of the ring gear (3) is below a limiting value (nL) but is higher than zero.
  8. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that if the switch-on device (16) of the starter motor (11) is switched on with a delay for pre-meshing, the rotational speed of the starter pinion (2) is already increased in the case of a tooth-to-tooth position between the starter pinion (2) and the ring gear,(3).
  9. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the switching winding (15) is switched off after the expiry of a defined time period, whereas the pull-in winding (7) continues to be energized.
  10. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pull-in winding (7) is switched off after the expiry of a defined time period, whereas the switching winding (15) remains energized.
  11. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at the end of the starting process the energization of the pull-in winding (7) and the switching winding (15) is switched, wherein the time at which the switching winding (15) is switched off is the same as or at least similar to the switch-off time of the pull-in winding (7).
  12. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that in the case of a start when the ring gear is blocked, the pull-in winding (7) and the switching winding (15) are switched off at the same time in order to switch off and disengage the starter pinion, wherein the pull-in winding (7) is subsequently energized once more.
  13. Closed-loop or open-loop control unit for carrying out the method according to one of Claims 1 to 12.
  14. Starter device for an internal combustion engine having a starter relay (6) and having a closed-loop or an open-loop control unit (10) according to Claim 13.
EP13724780.5A 2012-06-21 2013-05-15 Method for actuating a starting device for an internal combustion engine Active EP2864994B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102012210520A DE102012210520A1 (en) 2012-06-21 2012-06-21 Method for actuating a starting device for an internal combustion engine
PCT/EP2013/060023 WO2013189666A1 (en) 2012-06-21 2013-05-15 Method for actuating a starting device for an internal combustion engine

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US9771913B2 (en) 2017-09-26
DE102012210520A1 (en) 2013-12-24
US20150167616A1 (en) 2015-06-18
CN104395981A (en) 2015-03-04
WO2013189666A1 (en) 2013-12-27
EP2864994A1 (en) 2015-04-29
JP2015520326A (en) 2015-07-16
CN104395981B (en) 2017-03-08
JP6075920B2 (en) 2017-02-08

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