EP3507515A1

EP3507515A1 - Rolling element for use in a rolling-element bearing

Info

Publication number: EP3507515A1
Application number: EP17757538.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gunther Elfert; Bernd LÜNEBURG; Jörg ROLLMANN; Manfred Reimann
Original assignee: ThyssenKrupp AG; ThyssenKrupp Rothe Erde GmbH
Current assignee: ThyssenKrupp AG; ThyssenKrupp Rothe Erde Germany GmbH
Priority date: 2016-08-30
Filing date: 2017-08-24
Publication date: 2019-07-10
Anticipated expiration: 2037-08-24
Also published as: US20210277954A1; CN109642612A; WO2018041704A1; EP3507515B1; ES2903217T3; US11226004B2; DE102016116118A1; DK3507515T3

Abstract

The invention relates to a rolling element (1) for use in a rolling-element bearing, comprising an outer shell (2) and a borehole (3), wherein the borehole is provided along a center axis of the rolling element, wherein the rolling element comprises at least one sensor (5) for load measurement, which is arranged in the borehole, and comprises a radio module for transferring the data measured by the sensor, wherein the rolling element comprises a microgenerator, wherein the microgenerator is provided for providing the energy required for the operation of the sensor and/or of the radio module.

Description

DESCRIPTION

title

Rolling elements for use in a rolling bearing

State of the art

On large-diameter bearings, as used for example in wind turbines, considerable forces act during operation. Therefore, it is desirable to be able to perform load measurements of the bearing.

For this purpose, it is known, for example, from EP 0 637 734 B1, with the aid of strain gauges, which are arranged in a bore of a rolling element, to measure the deformations of the rolling element, wherein from the deformations of the rolling element acting on the rolling bearing forces, So the burdens can be closed. In order to supply the strain gauge and an associated amplifier and a transmitter with energy, a first coil is further arranged in the rolling body, which is inductively powered by a arranged on a non-rotatable bearing ring of the bearing, the second coil with energy.

To power the second coil is a complex and disturbing in operation cabling of the bearing required. Furthermore, the strain gauges and their respective attachment, usually a bond, susceptible to wear, especially since they come into contact with the grease and / or other lubricants in the rolling bearings usually, and must therefore be replaced regularly. Therefore, such a load measurement is only possible under laboratory conditions.

Furthermore, it is known from EP 1 849 013 B1 to arrange sensors on a cage which fixes the rolling elements in their relative position to one another, the sensors measuring eddy currents which are induced in the rolling elements by means of coils. From the eddy current measurements then be closed to the prevailing loads. Again, a power supply is inductively by a arranged in the outer ring energy transmission coil. This again results in the already mentioned disadvantages.

Alternatively, the document EP 1 795 869 A1 discloses a rolling element with a bore in which two plates are arranged parallel and spaced apart, wherein on the plates opposite each one electrode is attached, the capacitively the distance of the Measure plates to each other. This distance is variable because they bend the plates due to the load-induced deformation of the rolling element. This measurement is limited to a region of the rolling element and is also susceptible to wear due to the bending of the printed circuit boards. Also, an external power supply is again disclosed, which is disadvantageous because it requires a wiring of the rolling bearing. In addition, the plates can shift against each other, which leads to measurement inaccuracies.

Disclosure of the invention

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide rolling elements and a roller bearing, with which a reliable and permanent load measurement is possible even during operation, in particular without a cabling of the bearing is required.

This object is achieved with a rolling element for use in a roller bearing, with an outer sheath and a bore, wherein the bore is provided along a central axis of the rolling element, wherein the rolling element at least one disposed in the bore sensor for measuring load and a radio module for transmitting the the sensor measured data, wherein the rolling body comprises a micro-generator, wherein the micro-generator is provided for providing the required for the operation of the sensor and / or the radio module energy. Preferably, the outer jacket is at least partially provided as a running surface, roll on the bearing rings, in particular an outer ring and an inner ring of the rolling bearing. In this case, one of the bearing rings is preferably provided rotationally fixed, in particular the outer ring, while the other bearing ring is provided concentrically thereto and rotatable. Preferably, the rolling element is cylindrical, barrel-shaped, toroidal and / or conical. In this case, the rolling body has a main extension direction, wherein the central axis is arranged parallel to the main extension direction. Particularly preferably, the rolling body is provided substantially rotationally symmetrical about the central axis, in particular in the region between the bore wall and the outer shell. The outer jacket corresponds in particular to an outer circumferential surface of the rolling element. For example, the rolling element in the form of a 104 mm long cylinder with a diameter of 65 mm. In this case, the bore preferably has a diameter of 20 mm. Preferably, the radio module and / or the microgenerator are at least partially disposed in the bore. A microgenerator in the context of this application is in particular a device with small dimensions, which gains energy from the environment and thus represents an autonomous energy source. The microgenerator particularly preferably uses this at least one method of so-called energy harvesting. Most preferably, the microgenerator obtains energy from a temperature difference, an air pressure difference, an air flow, by means of photovoltaics and / or, in the context of this application, particularly preferably from motion. The microgenerator is thus intended, in particular, to obtain energy from the rolling or rotational movement of the rolling element, which energy is then made available for the operation of the sensor and / or the radio module.

The rolling element according to the invention has the advantage over the prior art that the rolling element has an integrated and autonomous power supply and transmits the data wirelessly through the radio module, so that no wiring of the rolling element or one of the bearing rings and thus of the rolling bearing is necessary. Furthermore, the rolling element according to the invention provides precise load measurements and makes this possible in particular also during operation of a rolling bearing equipped with the rolling element according to the invention.

Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention can be taken from the dependent claims, as well as the description with reference to the drawings.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the sensor is a capacitive sensor, wherein the sensor is provided for measuring a distance between the sensor and the bore wall. Depending on the forces acting on the rolling bearing and thus on the rolling elements of the rolling elements is deformed, which is measurable by changing the cross section of the bore. Particularly preferably, the sensor is configured to transmit the measured data to the radio module, wherein the radio module is configured to transmit the measured data, for example, to a suitable receiving device. Most preferably, the capacitive sensor comprises a dielectric. Even more preferably, the bore wall at least partially comprises an at least partially electrically conductive material. For example, the rolling element is made of an electrically conductive material and / or has an electrically conductive coating on the bore wall. As electrically conductive material is in particular a metallic material in question. As a result, a precise and simple load measurement is made possible in an advantageous manner.

According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that at least two sensors spaced from each other along the central axis are arranged in the bore. This makes it possible in an advantageous manner, in addition to forces and a Tilt the rolling element to be measured by the measured data of the sensors evaluated, in particular compared, are.

According to a further preferred embodiment it is provided that in the axial direction at the height of the sensor, particularly preferred with respect to the central axis, a means for producing a defined distance to the bore wall is provided, wherein the means in particular a magnet and / or a spring means includes. Most preferably, the means is a roller contact block, wherein the roller contact block has a magnet through which it is pulled to the bore wall, in particular such that the roller contact block at the bore wall at least partially rests. As a result, the precision of the load measurement is further increased in an advantageous manner, since it is ensured that the sensor can measure the total deformation of the rolling element as a distance. Preferably, the distance between the sensor and the bore wall is at least 50 μηη and a maximum of 150 μηη. Particularly preferably, the distance between the sensor and the bore wall in a no-load state 100 μηη, when the means is applied to the bore wall. Preferably, the capacitive sensor is electrically coupled to the means via a resonant circuit. Particularly preferably, the resonant circuit is produced by coils arranged between the bore and the outer jacket, in particular on a circular path and / or uniformly spaced. This advantageously makes it possible to measure a frequency with which the system oscillates, which in turn is related to the amount of deformation and thus the load. Such a resonant circuit system is advantageously less sensitive to interference.

According to a further preferred embodiment it is provided that a circuit board is arranged in the bore, wherein the radio module, the micro-generator, the capacitive sensor and / or the means are attached to the circuit board. Particularly preferably, the board has a thickness of 1 mm to 2 mm, in particular 1, 6 mm. As a result, a simple installation of the individual components in the rolling body is made possible in an advantageous manner.

According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the rolling element further comprises an energy store, wherein the energy store is provided for storing the energy generated by the microgenerator. Particularly preferably, the energy store is provided on the board. The energy store is very particularly preferably an accumulator and / or a capacitor, in particular a high-capacitance capacitor, for example a so-called green-cap capacitor. According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the radio module for transmitting the measured data in a frequency range from 100 MHz to 6 GHz, preferably from 300 MHz to 2 GHz, more preferably from 700 MHz to 1 GHz, in particular with a frequency of 833 MHz , is provided. As a result, a wireless data transmission is possible in an advantageous manner, which is not disturbed by possibly metallic components of the rolling element or the rolling bearing and has a sufficiently large transmission range.

According to a further preferred embodiment it is provided that the bore has a diameter of 5 mm to 50 mm, preferably 10 mm to 30 mm, in particular a diameter of 20 mm, and / or that the rolling body is preferably cylindrical and particularly preferred a length of 90 mm to 1 10 mm, in particular 104 mm, and most preferably a diameter of 60 mm to 70 mm, in particular 65 mm. In this way, on the one hand a sufficiently large bore for accommodating all components is provided, on the other hand, in a hole with the above dimensions of the available deformation margin is large enough for precise measurement, in particular without affecting the structural stability of the rolling element.

According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that a strain gauge is arranged on the bore wall, in particular in the radial direction at least partially circumferential. This advantageously makes it possible, in addition to the precise capacitive measurement, to implement a redundant and proven measuring method with little effort.

According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the micro-generator is an inductive generator or that the rolling element has an inductive generator. Particularly preferably, the inductive generator cooperates with magnets and / or coils, which are arranged on a cage of a roller bearing. This makes it possible in a particularly advantageous manner to provide an autonomous power supply, which provides energy only when it is needed, especially when a rotation of the rolling body. In the event that the rolling element has an inductive generator in addition to the micro-generator, it is advantageously possible to provide a redundant power supply in the event of malfunction or failure of the microgenerator. In particular, in combination with magnets while advantageously no cabling of the bearing is necessary. According to a further preferred embodiment it is provided that the rolling body comprises a means for determining position. Particularly preferably, the means is at least one magnet, in particular a diametral magnet. This very particularly preferably cooperates with a detection means for determining the position of the rolling body, wherein the rolling bearing comprises the detection means, in particular the inner ring, the outer ring and / or the cage. This makes it possible in a particularly advantageous manner to determine the absolute and / or relative position of the rolling element in the rolling bearing.

Another object of the present invention is a rolling bearing, in particular a slewing bearing, with a first bearing ring and a rotatable about a rotation axis, and in particular concentrically arranged to the first bearing ring second bearing ring, and a plurality of arranged between the first bearing ring and the second bearing ring rolling elements wherein at least one rolling element is a rolling element according to the invention. Preferably, the first bearing ring is an outer ring and / or the second bearing ring is an inner ring. As a result, it is advantageously possible to provide a roller bearing, which allows a, in particular permanent, wireless load measurement without additional installation effort.

According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the rolling bearing comprises a detection means for determining the position of the rolling body. Particularly preferably, the detection means cooperates with a means for determining the position of the rolling body, wherein the rolling body comprises the means for determining position. Most preferably, it is provided that the inner ring, the outer ring and / or the cage has the detection means. This makes it possible in a particularly advantageous manner to determine the absolute and / or relative position of the rolling element in the rolling bearing.

Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the drawings, as well as from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings. The drawings illustrate only exemplary embodiments of the invention, which do not limit the essential inventive idea.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a rolling element according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows a further schematic perspective view of a rolling element according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 shows a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the central axis of a

Rolling elements according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention with a cage of a rolling bearing.

Figure 4 shows a schematic sectional view parallel to the central axis of a

Rolling elements according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5 shows a schematic equivalent circuit of the coils of Figures 3 and 4 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross-section of a bore of a rolling body according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 shows a circuit board of a rolling element according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a rolling element according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 9 is a schematic perspective view of a board of a rolling element according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 10 shows a perspective view of a rolling bearing according to an exemplary

Embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 shows a perspective detailed view of a roller bearing according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Embodiments of the invention

In the various figures, the same parts are always provided with the same reference numerals and are therefore usually named or mentioned only once in each case.

1 shows a schematic perspective view of a rolling element 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Such a rolling element 1 is used in rolling bearings and serves for the movable guidance of a first bearing ring 1 1 and a second bearing ring 12 to each other, in particular one arranged in a rotatably mounted outer ring 1 1 inner ring 12. Here are usually between outer ring 1 1 and inner ring 12 a variety provided by rolling elements, which roll on running surfaces of the outer ring 1 1 and the inner ring 12. In the present case, it is a so-called measuring roller, so a rolling element 1, which is provided and designed for load measurement in the rolling bearing.

The rolling element 1 here comprises a cylindrical or substantially conical body with an outer shell 2 serving as a running surface and on which the outer ring 1 1 and the inner ring 12 roll. The rolling element 1 has in its center a bore 3, which is formed concentrically around the central axis of the rolling element 1 around. You can also see a variety of coils 10, which are arranged here on a circular path between the bore 3 and the outer shell 2. These are fourteen coils 10, which are each arranged offset by approximately 25 °, wherein by applying a current or a voltage adjacent coils generate a respective oppositely directed magnetic field. By applying an alternating voltage, a resonant circuit is generated. This will be explained in more detail in connection with the following figures.

Further, the rolling element 1 has a means for position determination 16, here a diametrical magnet, which cooperates with a detection means to determine the absolute and / or relative position of the rolling element 1 in the rolling bearing. In this case, for example, the cage 13, the detection means. In this case, the relative position is the position of the rolling element 1 relative to the cage 13, in particular relative to a reference point.

FIG. 2 shows a further schematic perspective view of a rolling element 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. In this case, the illustrated embodiment substantially corresponds to the embodiment shown in Figure 1, so that reference is made generally to the relevant embodiments. It is good here too recognize that the rolling element 1 is substantially cylindrical. In the bore 3, a measuring arrangement to be explained in more detail below is provided.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the central axis of a rolling element 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention with a cage 13 of a roller bearing. In this case, the illustrated embodiment substantially corresponds to the embodiments shown in the previous figures, so that reference is generally made to the relevant embodiments. In the bore, a sensor 5, here a capacitive sensor 5, a radio module 6 and a microgenerator 4 are provided. The microgenerator is here an inductive microgenerator. Thus, the rolling elements of a rolling bearing regularly spaced for a uniform load distribution, a cage 13 is disposed between the outer ring 1 1 and the inner ring 12, which includes the rolling elements. That the rolling elements are rotatable, but mounted with respect to the cage 13 at fixed positions. At the location of the rolling element 1, the cage 13 comprises magnets 15, here four magnets 5. These magnets 15 allow the microgenerator 4 to induce a current and thus provide a power supply for the sensor 5 and the radio module 6 and the coils 10. Alternatively or additionally, and within the scope of the present invention, the microgenerator is provided such that it can be moved solely by movement, i. the rolling, the rolling element generates energy.

The sensor 5 is arranged on a circuit board 8, not shown here. On the other side of the board 8, so with respect to the central axis of the sensor 5 opposite, a means 7 for producing a defined distance to the bore wall is arranged. This means 7 is here a roller contact block with a magnet 14 arranged therein. The magnet ensures that the roller contact block comes into contact with the bore wall, since it is alternately attracted by the magnetic fields of the coils 10. As a result, the means 7 performs with the circuit board 8 and thus also the sensor 5 from an oscillation whose frequency on the one hand by the coil 10 and the other by the distance between means 7 and the bore wall or the distance between the sensor 5 and the bore wall The capacitive sensor 5 thus measures a frequency corresponding to a distance from the bore wall. Now, if deformed by forces acting on the rolling elements 1, so loads, the rolling element 1, so also deforms the bore 3. The distance between the capacitive sensor 5 and the bore wall thus changes and thus the measured frequency. The measured frequency is transmitted to the radio module 6, which wirelessly from the rolling elements transfers. It is also conceivable that a deformation or load is previously determined from the measured data, which is then transmitted.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic sectional illustration parallel to the center axis of a rolling element 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. In this case, the illustrated embodiment substantially corresponds to the embodiment shown in Figure 3, so that reference is made generally to the relevant embodiments. Here, in particular, the bore 3 can be seen, as well as schematically the microgenerator 4 and the radio module 6.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic equivalent circuit diagram of the coils 10 from FIGS. 3 and 4 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The coils 10 represent resistors which are connected in series. According to the representations described above, fourteen coils 10, corresponding to fourteen resistors, are provided here.

FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross section of a bore 3 of a rolling element 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Here, the board 8 can be seen clearly, wherein on one side of the board 8, the capacitive sensor 5 and on the other side, the means 7 is arranged with the magnet 14. In addition, various deformations or distances d are drawn. In the illustrated embodiment, the distance d ₀ between the capacitive sensor 5 and the bore wall in a no-load condition is approximately 100 μm, with the magnet 14 of the means 7 bringing the roller contact block into contact with the bore wall. Depending on whether the bore is compressed or pressed, the distance, ie the deformation between a minimum value d _min of 50 μηη and a maximum value d _max of 150 μηη changes. On the left side of the illustration, a resonant circuit is shown schematically. In this regard, reference is made to the comments on Figure 4. The capacitive sensor 5 and the roller contact block have at least partially an outer contour that follows the contour of the bore wall in a no-load condition, that is concentric with the bore wall.

FIG. 7 shows a circuit board 8 of a rolling element 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. For reasons of clarity, not all elements are shown here. In the middle of the point is visible, which is provided for mounting the microgenerator 4 On both sides of this point and on both edges of the board 8 attachment points are seen, which serve the attachment of two capacitive sensors 5, 5 '. These two spaced from each other along the central axis sensors 5, 5 'allow a relative measurement to each other and thus in addition to a pure force measurement along three axes and the measurement of tilting of the rolling element 1, so along the central axis different degrees of deformation of the rolling element 1. Furthermore, only a radio module 6 is exemplified. The board 8 is dimensioned such that it fits into the bore 3 and preferably has a low lateral tolerance.

FIG. 8 shows a schematic perspective view of a rolling element 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. In this case, the illustrated embodiment substantially corresponds to the embodiments shown in the previous figures, so that reference is generally made to the relevant embodiments. Here, in particular well inserted into the bore 3 board 8 with the sensor 5 and the means 7 can be seen.

FIG. 9 shows a schematic perspective view of a circuit board 8 of a rolling element 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. In this case, the illustrated embodiment substantially corresponds to the embodiment shown in Figure 7, so that reference is made generally to the relevant embodiments. Again, two capacitive sensors 5, 5 'and correspondingly two means 7, T are provided in the form of roller contact blocks. In addition, it is easy to see where the magnet 14 is inserted into the means 7, which is merely an exemplary mounting option.

FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of a roller bearing according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. This is a slewing bearing with an outer ring 1 1, an inner ring 12, not shown here for reasons of clarity and a cage 13 arranged therebetween, which comprises a plurality of rolling elements and keeps evenly spaced from each other. At least one rolling element is a rolling element 1 in the sense of this application, that is to say a measuring roller.

FIG. 11 shows a detailed perspective view of a roller bearing according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Here, in particular, an inventive rolling element 1 is shown in addition to two conventional rolling elements. As can be seen from the illustration, the rolling element 1 has no wiring, it functions autonomously and transmits the measured data wirelessly, so that the rolling bearing can be enclosed, for example, by a housing, and nevertheless a load measurement is possible. As a result, the large rolling bearing can be installed, for example, in a wind power plant. transmit and load measurement data to a control unit, so that a need for maintenance can be detected early and without complex intervention in the rolling bearing.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 rolling element

2 outer jacket

3 hole

4 microgenerator

5, 5 "sensor

6 radio module

7, 7 'means for establishing a defined distance to the bore wall

8 board

9 strain gauges

10 coils

1 1 outer ring

12 inner ring

13 cage

14 magnet

15 cage magnets

16 Positioning means d Deformation

Claims

1 . Rolling elements (1) for use in a roller bearing, with an outer casing (2) and a bore (3), wherein the bore (3) is provided along a central axis of the rolling element (1), wherein the rolling element (1) has at least one in the Bore (3) arranged sensor (5) for load measurement and a radio module (6) for transmitting the sensor (5) measured data comprises, characterized in that the rolling body comprises a microgenerator (4), wherein the microgenerator (4) for Provision of the operation of the sensor (5) and / or the radio module (6) required energy is provided.

2. Rolling element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor (5) is a capacitive sensor, wherein the sensor (5) is provided for measuring a distance between the sensor and the bore wall.

3. rolling elements (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the bore (3) at least two spaced apart along the central axis sensors (5, 5 ') are arranged.

4. rolling elements (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the axial direction at the level of the sensor (5), preferably this with respect to the central axis opposite, a means (7) for producing a defined distance to the bore wall is provided , wherein the means (7) in particular comprises a magnet (14).

5. Rolling element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the bore (3) a circuit board (8) is arranged, wherein the radio module (6), the micro-generator (4), the capacitive sensor (5) and / or the means (7) on the board (8) are attached.

6. rolling elements (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radio module (6) for transmitting the measured data in a frequency range of 100 MHz to 6 GHz, preferably from 300 MHz to 2 GHz, more preferably from 700 MHz to 1 GHz, in particular with a frequency of 833 MHz, is provided.

7. rolling elements (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bore (3) has a diameter of 5 mm to 50 mm, preferably from 10 mm to 30 mm, in particular a diameter of 20 mm, and / or wherein the rolling element is preferably cylindrical in shape and particularly preferably has a length of 90 mm to 1 10 mm, in particular 104 mm, and most preferably a diameter of 60 mm to 70 mm, in particular 65 mm.

8. Rolling element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at the bore wall, in particular in the radial direction at least partially circumferential, a strain gauge (9) is arranged.

9. Rolling element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rolling body (1) comprises a means for determining position.

10. Rolling, in particular slewing bearings, with a first bearing ring and a rotatable about an axis of rotation, and in particular concentrically to the first bearing ring (1 1) arranged second bearing ring (12), and a plurality of between the first bearing ring (1 1) and the Second bearing ring (12) arranged rolling elements, characterized in that at least one rolling element is a rolling body (1) according to one of the preceding claims.