EP3507165B1 - Method and device for diagnosing railway switches - Google Patents

Method and device for diagnosing railway switches Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3507165B1
EP3507165B1 EP17788129.9A EP17788129A EP3507165B1 EP 3507165 B1 EP3507165 B1 EP 3507165B1 EP 17788129 A EP17788129 A EP 17788129A EP 3507165 B1 EP3507165 B1 EP 3507165B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
respective switch
switch
machines
measured values
data
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EP17788129.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3507165A1 (en
Inventor
Uwe Eckelmann-Wendt
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Siemens Mobility GmbH
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Siemens Mobility GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L5/00—Local operating mechanisms for points or track-mounted scotch-blocks; Visible or audible signals; Local operating mechanisms for visible or audible signals
    • B61L5/06—Electric devices for operating points or scotch-blocks, e.g. using electromotive driving means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
    • B61L27/50—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades
    • B61L27/53—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades for trackside elements or systems, e.g. trackside supervision of trackside control system conditions

Definitions

  • the respective point drive or the respective point drive motor is used as a sensor so that the turnout diagnosis measures the control voltage and control current during the turnout and calculates the effective power as a function of time from these values.
  • the turnout diagnosis is based on the functional principle of a proportionality between the force output by the motor of the turnout drive and the active power consumed by the motor.
  • the active power curve is thus characteristic of the current state of the relevant switch and thus allows a diagnosis of the switch.
  • the evaluation device is at least partially separated from the supply lines of the drive outside the start-up phase and the rotational phase of the drive. This is done by switches that are inserted into the supply lines leading to the evaluation device. These switches are controlled by the evaluation device, which for this purpose detects the supply current flowing in the supply lines and uses it to generate corresponding control signals for the switches.
  • the evaluation device is decoupled from the drive's supply lines during the idle phase of the drive in order to prevent the evaluation device from falsifying the monitoring current for the end position monitoring of the switching point drive.
  • the present invention is based on the object of specifying a method and a device for turnout diagnosis which can be implemented with comparatively little effort and at the same time have a high level of reliability and performance.
  • measured values that relate to at least one common electrical measured variable are recorded for a group of several point machines that have a common power supply.
  • the term "common" electrical measured variable expresses that the group of point machines has a common power supply and the recorded measured values relate to at least one electrical measured variable that results overall for the point machines of the group.
  • the common electrical measured variable can in particular be at least one of the following measured variables: common actuating current of the point drives, common actuating voltage of the point drives and / or common active power consumed by the point drives.
  • the common actuating current and the common actuating voltage of the switch drives can be used as common electrical measured variables, from which the common electrical active power can then be determined.
  • the recorded measured values can, for example, also directly relate to the common electrical active power or to the common electrical actuating current as well as a Relate phase shift between the common electrical control current and the common electrical control voltage.
  • the point drives can be point drives of any type and design, in particular also with regard to their electrical power or energy supply.
  • the common power supply can be implemented as a voltage source that provides an operating voltage in the form of a direct voltage (e.g. 110V), in the form of an alternating voltage (e.g. 110V or 220V) or in the case of a four-wire interface in the form of a three-phase AC voltage (of e.g. 400V / 50 Hz) provides.
  • the point machines of the group are usually assigned to different points.
  • the switch drives of the group belong at least partially to the same switch. This therefore applies to the case that a switch has several switch drives or several servomotors.
  • the operating data preferably include, in particular, information about the points in time or in which time periods the respective point machine was activated or was active. This can be done, for example, by documenting in the operating data which commands were transmitted at which point in time to which point machine of the group and at which points in time which messages were recorded by the point machines of the group. Corresponding operating data therefore advantageously allow a statement to be made about this for each point in time determine which of the point machines in the group is or was active in which point rotation direction and when which end position was reached or left.
  • the method according to the invention advantageously makes use of the fact that, as a rule, not all or several switches, whose switch drives are assigned to the group, rotate at the same time.
  • points are often or usually set in such a way that the brief start-up currents that arise when the point drives start up do not add up in such a way that the control network could be overloaded.
  • a time-staggered or actuating current-staggered switch control for example in the form of a switch chain. Since turnouts thus often circulate individually and / or sequentially, possibly with an overlap, it is possible through a combination of the measured values recorded for the group of point machines and the recorded operating data that indicate the respective operating status of the individual point machines of the group at the respective point in time to determine or extract diagnostic data from the recorded measured values which are characteristic of a state of at least one switch, the switch drive of which belongs to the group.
  • the at least one switch, for which the characteristic diagnostic data are determined is usually a switch that has been switched at least once in the respective time period covered by the measured values. Diagnostic data are thus preferably determined for all points set or operated during the period under consideration are characteristic or specific for the condition of the respective switch.
  • the method according to the invention has the fundamental advantage that, unlike known methods, it is not necessary to measure or record at least one electrical measured variable for each individual monitored switch output. Instead, a corresponding acquisition of measured values for the at least one common electrical measured variable is advantageously only required for the group of several point drives that have a common power supply.
  • the common actuating current of the point drives, the common actuating voltage of the point drives and / or the common active power consumed by the point drives is preferably used as the common electrical measured variable. This procedure is particularly advantageous in situations in which a common power supply is already provided for a group of several point machines.
  • the advantage here is that the recorded measured values already relate to the entirety of the switch drives in the group, so that it is not necessary to combine or collect corresponding measured values from individual switch drives.
  • the measured values related to the at least one electrical measured variable of the point machines of the group can optionally also be used to carry out evaluations which, based on the measured values recorded for individual point machines, could not be carried out or could only be carried out with greater effort.
  • the method according to the invention is further characterized in that, despite the savings made possible, it enables a reliable and powerful switch diagnosis, which depends on the respective Circumstances and givens are at least as efficient as previously known turnout diagnosis systems.
  • the method according to the invention can be developed in such a way that diagnostic data are determined which relate to at least one of the following variables: actuating current of the respective point drive during one cycle of the respective switch, actuating voltage of the respective switch drive during the cycle of the respective switch, from the respective switch drive Active power consumed during the cycle of the respective switch.
  • the variables mentioned that is to say actuating current, actuating voltage and active power consumed during the rotation of the respective switch, are advantageously variables that allow precise switch diagnosis.
  • the diagnostic data determined can in particular be the time course of the relevant variable during the rotation of the respective switch.
  • the diagnostic data are already reduced or preprocessed to the extent that, for example, only maximum and / or minimum values of the respective size, possibly in connection with a length of a corresponding time interval or corresponding time intervals, are determined as diagnostic data.
  • an assessment of the state of the respective switch is carried out on the basis of the diagnostic data determined for the respective switch.
  • the determined diagnostic data characteristic of the state of the respective switch are used to evaluate the state of the relevant switch. This can be done, for example, in such a way that, in the event of abnormalities in the diagnostic data, a warning message is generated or, for example, maintenance is initiated or planned.
  • the method according to the invention for turnout diagnosis preferably runs fully automatically. This applies both to the acquisition of the measured values and the operating data as well as to the determination of the diagnostic data and the evaluation of the status of the respective switch.
  • the method according to the invention can advantageously also be designed in such a way that the status of the respective switch is assessed on the basis of a comparison of the diagnostic data determined for the respective switch with reference data.
  • a comparison of the diagnostic data determined for the respective switch with reference data a particularly reliable assessment of the condition of the switch in question can advantageously take place.
  • the reference data can relate, for example, to a reference curve over time of the at least one variable to which the diagnostic data relate.
  • tolerances are advantageously taken into account or permitted in order to ensure that even minor deviations are not detected as a possible problem or possible error.
  • updated reference data are determined on the basis of the recorded measured values and the recorded operating data.
  • the recorded measured values and the recorded operating data can be used to update the reference data.
  • This is preferably done in a state in which all switch drives of the group or at least the switch drive considered in the respective individual case are or is serviced and thus the recorded measured values and operating data are suitable as a reference. If necessary, this makes it possible for "self-learning" to record typical values as reference data over the course of time for every turnout constellation that occurs during normal operation so that when the corresponding turnout constellation occurs again, the relevant reference data can be used for a comparison with the current diagnostic data.
  • the method according to the invention can furthermore be developed in such a way that at least one limit value for at least one of the following variables is used as reference data: control current of the respective switch drive during one rotation of the respective switch, control voltage of the respective switch drive during the rotation of the respective switch, from the respective Switch drive active power consumed during the rotation of the respective switch, duration of the rotation of the respective switch, duration of individual phases of the rotation of the respective switch.
  • control current of the respective switch drive during one rotation of the respective switch control voltage of the respective switch drive during the rotation of the respective switch, from the respective Switch drive active power consumed during the rotation of the respective switch, duration of the rotation of the respective switch, duration of individual phases of the rotation of the respective switch.
  • the Weather and / or climate-related environmental data are taken into account.
  • the environmental data can, for example, contain information on the respective temperature and humidity.
  • the environmental data can relate to the current weather.
  • the environmental data it is also possible for the environmental data to relate to the weather, that is to say the weather or the weather conditions over a longer period of time.
  • the environmental data relate to the climate and thus, for example, take regular or permanent low temperatures into account.
  • the measurement values and the operating data can in principle be recorded continuously. In this case, the corresponding data is recorded even if none of the point machines in the group is active.
  • the measured values are recorded at least during one revolution of at least one of the switches that are assigned to one of the switch drives of the group.
  • the method according to the invention can advantageously also be designed in such a way that the measured values are recorded without any reaction. This is advantageous because a reaction to the acquisition of the measured values, which could possibly impair the reliability or safety of the control of the respective point machine, must be reliably avoided. Corresponding freedom from feedback can be ensured, for example, by means of galvanic isolation, corresponding methods and devices for feedback-free recording of measured values being known as such.
  • the device according to the invention can advantageously be developed in such a way that the device is designed to determine diagnostic data that relate to at least one of the following variables: actuating current of the respective switch drive during one rotation of the respective switch, adjustment voltage of the respective switch drive during the rotation of the respective switch , active power consumed by the respective point machine during the rotation of the respective point.
  • the device according to the invention is designed to carry out an assessment of the state of the respective switch on the basis of the diagnostic data determined for the respective switch.
  • the device according to the invention is designed to evaluate the state of the respective switch on the basis of a comparison of the diagnostic data determined for the respective switch with reference data.
  • the device according to the invention can preferably also be designed to determine updated reference data on the basis of the recorded measured values and the recorded operating data.
  • the device is designed to use at least one limit value for at least one of the following variables as reference data: actuating current of the respective switch drive during one revolution of the respective switch, actuating voltage of the respective switch drive during the revolution of the respective switch from which respective point machine Active power absorbed during the rotation of the respective switch, duration of the rotation of the respective switch, duration of individual phases of the rotation of the respective switch.
  • the device according to the invention can also be designed to take into account environmental data related to the weather, the weather and / or the climate in the context of the assessment of the state of the respective switch.
  • the device according to the invention can advantageously also be designed in such a way that it is designed to acquire the measured values at least during one revolution of at least one of the switches that are assigned to one of the switch drives.
  • the device according to the invention can also be designed to record the measured values without any reaction.
  • switches W1 to W5 can be seen, which can be switches in a train station area, for example.
  • the switches W1 to W5 have switch drives WA1 to WA5, which allow electrical switching of the respective switch W1 to W5.
  • an actuating part ST is also indicated, which primarily serves to reliably switch the switch drives on and off.
  • the control part ST represents the interface between an interlocking computer STR, which is safe in terms of signaling, and the switch drives WA1 to WA5.
  • the control part ST takes commands from the interlocking computer STR and forwards it to the respective point machine WA1 to WA5.
  • the control part ST receives messages from the respective point drive WA1 to WA5, processes them if necessary and forwards them to the interlocking computer STR.
  • the switch drives WA1 to WA5 have a common power supply SV, that is, the electrical energy required by the switch drives WA1 to WA5 is provided by the power supply SV.
  • the function of the control part ST is thus essentially limited to switching through an electrical connection between the power supply SV and the respective point drive WA1 to WA5 in the event of an actuation or activation of one of the point drives WA1 to WA5 requested by the interlocking computer STR, so that the for the Set the respective switch W1 to W5 required control current and the associated control voltage are provided by the power supply SV.
  • control element ST which is used to connect the switch drives WA1 to WA5 to an indoor system of an interlocking system STW
  • a separate control element or switch switching module could also be provided for each switch drive WA1 to WA5.
  • the power supply for all point machines WA1 to WA5 would be provided by means of the relevant central power supply SV. This would also apply, for example, if the control part ST or the corresponding control parts were arranged in a decentralized manner in the area of the outdoor installation.
  • the point machines WA1 to WA5 are connected to one another via an energy bus and are supplied with energy.
  • the power supply SV would be the power supply feeding the power bus.
  • a measuring device ME which is used for the group of multiple point drives WA1 to WA5, which have the common power supply SV, to at least one common electrical measured variable, in particular a common control current and / or a common control voltage, the Point machines WA1 to WA5 to record related measured values.
  • the acquisition is advantageously carried out without any reaction to the effect that any impairment of the function of the control element ST or the switch drives WA1 to WA5 due to the acquisition of the measured values is excluded.
  • the measuring device ME is connected to an evaluation device AE and together with this forms a device WD for turnout diagnosis.
  • the measuring device ME transmits the recorded measured values to the evaluation device AE.
  • This is also connected to the secure interlocking computer STR for communication and receives operating data related to a respective operating state of the individual point drives WA1 to WA5.
  • the control computer STR knows at all times in normal operation the operating state of the individual switch drives WA1 to WA5.
  • the operating data advantageously relate in particular to information on times when the switch drives WA1 to WA5 change state, so that the operating data can be used, for example, to determine which of the switch drives WA1 to WA5 has circulated at what point in time or in what period of time.
  • the evaluation device AE assign characteristic diagnostic data for a state of the switches W1 to W5 determine. This applies in particular to those of the switches W1 to W5, which are considered in each case Period have been changed at least once.
  • the determined diagnostic data can relate, for example, to the control current of the respective switch drive WA1 to WA5 during the rotation of the respective switch W1 to W5, the control voltage of the respective switch drive WA1 to WA5 during the rotation of the respective switch W1 to W5 and in particular to that of the respective switch Point drive WA1 to WA5 draw electrical active power absorbed during the rotation of the respective points W1 to W5.
  • the latter can be determined, for example, from recorded measurement data for the common actuating current and for the common actuating voltage of the point drives WA1 to WA5.
  • the evaluation device AE On the basis of the diagnostic data determined for the respective switch W1 to W5, it is now possible for the evaluation device AE to carry out an assessment of the state of the respective switch W1 to W5. This can be done, for example, on the basis of a comparison of the diagnostic data determined for the respective switch W1 to W5 with corresponding reference data.
  • a limit value or several limit values for the control current of the respective switch drive WA1 to WA5 during the rotation of the respective switch W1 to W5, for the control voltage of the respective switch drive WA1 to WA5 during the rotation of the respective switch W1 to W5, can be used as reference data
  • Active power consumed by the respective switch machine WA1 to WA5 during the rotation of the respective switch W1 to W5 the duration of the rotation of the respective switch W1 to W5 and / or the duration of individual phases of the rotation of the respective switch W1 to W5 can be used.
  • the reference data can also be updated on the basis of the recorded measured values and the recorded operating data take place. For example, based on a completed maintenance of the switches W1 to W5, the device WD for switch diagnosis successively learns the switch running constellations occurring during operation and creates or updates corresponding reference data. As a rule, the reference data will relate to sizes that apply to a single switch W1 to W5. In principle, however, it is also possible that, for example, in the event that several point drives WA1 to WA5 are regularly active with a time overlap, for example in the case of several point drives of a switch, the reference data relate to the combination of the relevant point drives.
  • the evaluation device AE can use the diagnostic data to reliably and early detect deviations that are becoming apparent in their tendency, especially long-term, for example in the form of a drift or a constant slowing down of the turnaround of the switch in question.
  • acute problems or defects that occur spontaneously for example in the form of a stone jammed in the switch tongue, for example on the basis of an associated longer cycle time and higher power consumption, can be detected by the evaluation device AE of the device WD for switch diagnosis.
  • the recorded measured values relate to all point drives WA1 to WA5 of the group, a common weather-related or weather-related effect that affects all point drives WA1 to WA5 equally can be recognized, taking environmental data into account.
  • the environmental data can relate in particular to the respective temperature and humidity as well as any precipitation that may be present, for example in the form of snow and ice.
  • the device WD for turnout diagnosis shown in the figure has the particular advantage that only one measuring device ME is required for a reliable turnout diagnosis of the switches W1 to W5. This means that in comparison to a conventional arrangement in which a measuring device ME would be arranged between the actuating part ST and the respective point drive WA1 to WA5, there are considerable advantages in terms of a reduction in the installation of the device WD and its operation Costs and expenses arise or may arise.
  • the acquisition of measured values in front of the switch switching device in the form of the control element ST is fundamentally less critical to safety than the acquisition of measured values for each individual point drive WA1 to WA5 or the respective point motor.
  • the measured values are combined with the operating data relating to the respective operating state of the individual switch drives WA1 to WA5 of the group. This results in a link with the knowledge that is already available in the interlocking STW with regard to changes in the state of the switch position of the switches W1 to W5.
  • an additional plausibility check is advantageously possible so that any faults can be identified particularly reliably.
  • the requirement for a safety assessment can be dispensed with, which in the case of a (galvanic) Bringing the measuring device ME into the connecting line between the control part ST and the respective switch drive WA1 to WA5 is or could be necessary if necessary.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Testing And Monitoring For Control Systems (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)

Description

Zur Erhöhung der Verfügbarkeit von elektrischen Weichenstellsystemen der Eisenbahn ist eine leistungsfähige Weichendiagnose von entscheidender Bedeutung. Diese dient insbesondere einer rechtzeitigen Erkennung von Schwergängigkeiten, Wartungszuständen oder mit Wahrscheinlichkeit eintretenden Schäden. Durch eine Erfassung, Bewertung und Analyse elektrischer Messgrößen kann hierbei eine Aussage über den Zustand der jeweiligen Weiche getroffen werden. Ein hierfür geeignetes Verfahren zur Weichendiagnose sowie eine entsprechende Vorrichtung sind beispielsweise aus der Firmenschrift "Weichendiagnosesystem Switchguard Sidis W compact - Höhere Verfügbarkeit von Weichenstellsystemen", Bestell-Nr.: A19100-V100-B905-V3, Siemens AG 2014 bekannt. Dabei weist die bekannte Vorrichtung je Weichenantrieb eine Mess- und Auswerteeinheit auf. Hierbei wird der jeweilige Weichenantrieb beziehungsweise der jeweilige Weichenantriebsmotor dahingehend als Sensor genutzt, dass die Weichendiagnose Stellspannung und Stellstrom während des Weichenumlaufs misst und aus diesen Werten die Wirkleistung in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit berechnet. Dabei basiert die Weichendiagnose auf dem Funktionsprinzip einer Proportionalität zwischen der von dem Motor des Weichenantriebs abgegebenen Kraft zu der von dem Motor aufgenommenen Wirkleistung. Die Wirkleistungskurve ist damit charakteristisch für den jeweiligen aktuellen Zustand der betreffenden Weiche und erlaubt somit eine Diagnose der Weiche.In order to increase the availability of electrical turnout control systems for railways, a powerful turnout diagnosis is of crucial importance. This serves in particular for the timely detection of sluggishness, maintenance conditions or damage that is likely to occur. By recording, evaluating and analyzing electrical measured variables, a statement can be made about the state of the respective switch. A suitable method for turnout diagnostics and a corresponding device are known, for example, from the company publication "Turnout diagnostics system Switchguard Sidis W compact - higher availability of turnout setting systems", order no .: A19100-V100-B905-V3, Siemens AG 2014. The known device has a measuring and evaluation unit for each point drive. The respective point drive or the respective point drive motor is used as a sensor so that the turnout diagnosis measures the control voltage and control current during the turnout and calculates the effective power as a function of time from these values. The turnout diagnosis is based on the functional principle of a proportionality between the force output by the motor of the turnout drive and the active power consumed by the motor. The active power curve is thus characteristic of the current state of the relevant switch and thus allows a diagnosis of the switch.

Im Dokument CH 693709 A5 wird eine Schaltung zum Stellen und Überwachen von mit mehreren Weichenantrieben versehenen Weichen beschrieben, deren Motoren gesteuert und überwacht werden. Ein Sensor ist vorgesehen, der beim Erkennen des Anlaufs des Motors eines Weichenantriebs über zugeordnete Steller das Anschalten der weiteren Motoren der weiteren Weichenantriebe, vorzugsweise auch das Anschalten des zugeordneten Motors der Weiche veranlasst, wobei diese weiteren Motoren zeitlich gestaffelt anlaufen. Die Steller schalten die Wicklungen dieser weiteren Motore die Wicklungen der dann bereits angeschalteten direkt gespeisten Motore parallel. Der Speisekreis des direkt gespeisten Motors ist außer über die seine Antriebslage erfassenden Antriebskontakte auch über entsprechende Kontakte der weiteren Weichenantriebe und bei Vorhandensein von Endlagenprüfern über deren Kontakte geführt. Ein mit diesen Kontakten in Reihe geschalteter Melder unterbricht bei Erkennen der neuen Antriebsendlage aller Weichenantriebe den Stellstromkreis des direkt gespeisten Weichenantriebs und schaltet die angeschalteten Steller stromlos.In the document CH 693709 A5 describes a circuit for setting and monitoring of points provided with several point machines, the motors of which are controlled and monitored. A sensor is provided which, when the start-up of the motor of a point drive is detected via assigned actuators, switches on the other motors of the other point drives, and preferably also switches on the assigned motor of the Switch initiated, with these additional motors starting in a staggered manner. The controllers connect the windings of these additional motors in parallel with the windings of the directly fed motors that are already connected. In addition to the drive contacts that detect its drive position, the supply circuit of the directly fed motor is also routed via corresponding contacts on the other switch drives and, if there are end position detectors, via their contacts. A detector connected in series with these contacts interrupts the control circuit of the directly fed point machine when the new drive end position of all point drives is recognized and switches the connected actuator off.

Um zu verhindern, dass die in die Auswerteeinrichtung eines Schaltstellendiagnosesystems fließenden Leckströme das Überwachungsergebnis des Überwachungsvorgangs eines Antriebs beim Herunterfahren des Antriebs unzulässig verfälschen, wird im Dokument WO 0185523 A1 die Auswerteeinrichtung zumindest teilweise von den Versorgungsleitungen des Antriebs außerhalb der Anlaufphase und der Drehphase des Antriebs getrennt. Dies geschieht durch Schalter, die in die zur Auswerteeinrichtung führenden Zuleitungen eingefügt sind. Diese Schalter werden von der Auswerteeinrichtung angesteuert, die dazu den in den Versorgungsleitungen fließenden Versorgungsstrom erfasst und daraus entsprechende Steuersignale für die Schalter erzeugt. Das Auswertegerät ist während der Ruhephase des Antriebs von den Versorgungsleitungen des Antriebs entkoppelt, um zu verhindern, dass das Auswertegerät den Überwachungsstrom für die Endlagenüberwachung des Schaltpunktantriebs verfälscht.In order to prevent the leakage currents flowing into the evaluation device of a switching point diagnostic system from inadmissibly falsifying the monitoring result of the monitoring process of a drive when the drive is shut down, the document WO 0185523 A1 the evaluation device is at least partially separated from the supply lines of the drive outside the start-up phase and the rotational phase of the drive. This is done by switches that are inserted into the supply lines leading to the evaluation device. These switches are controlled by the evaluation device, which for this purpose detects the supply current flowing in the supply lines and uses it to generate corresponding control signals for the switches. The evaluation device is decoupled from the drive's supply lines during the idle phase of the drive in order to prevent the evaluation device from falsifying the monitoring current for the end position monitoring of the switching point drive.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Weichendiagnose anzugeben, die mit vergleichsweise geringem Aufwand realisierbar sind und zugleich eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit und Leistungsfähigkeit aufweisen.The present invention is based on the object of specifying a method and a device for turnout diagnosis which can be implemented with comparatively little effort and at the same time have a high level of reliability and performance.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Weichendiagnose mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1.This object is achieved according to the invention by a method for turnout diagnosis having the features of claim 1.

Gemäß dem ersten Schritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden für eine Gruppe von mehreren Weichenantrieben, die eine gemeinsame Stromversorgung aufweisen, Messwerte erfasst, die sich auf zumindest eine gemeinsame elektrische Messgröße beziehen. Dabei wird durch den Begriff "gemeinsame" elektrische Messgröße zum Ausdruck gebracht, dass die Gruppe von Weichenantrieben eine gemeinsame Stromversorgung aufweist und sich die erfassten Messwerte auf zumindest eine elektrische Messgröße beziehen, die sich insgesamt für die Weichenantriebe der Gruppe ergibt. So kann es sich bei der gemeinsamen elektrischen Messgröße insbesondere um zumindest eine der folgenden Messgrößen handeln: gemeinsamer Stellstrom der Weichenantriebe, gemeinsame Stellspannung der Weichenantriebe und/oder von den Weichenantrieben aufgenommene gemeinsame Wirkleistung. Beispielsweise können der gemeinsame Stellstrom sowie die gemeinsame Stellspannung der Weichenantriebe als gemeinsame elektrische Messgrößen verwendet werden, aus denen dann die gemeinsame elektrische Wirkleistung ermittelbar ist. Alternativ können sich die erfassten Messwerte beispielsweise auch unmittelbar auf die gemeinsame elektrische Wirkleistung oder auf den gemeinsamen elektrischen Stellstrom sowie eine Phasenverschiebung zwischen dem gemeinsamen elektrischen Stellstrom und der gemeinsamen elektrischen Stellspannung beziehen.According to the first step of the method according to the invention, measured values that relate to at least one common electrical measured variable are recorded for a group of several point machines that have a common power supply. The term "common" electrical measured variable expresses that the group of point machines has a common power supply and the recorded measured values relate to at least one electrical measured variable that results overall for the point machines of the group. The common electrical measured variable can in particular be at least one of the following measured variables: common actuating current of the point drives, common actuating voltage of the point drives and / or common active power consumed by the point drives. For example, the common actuating current and the common actuating voltage of the switch drives can be used as common electrical measured variables, from which the common electrical active power can then be determined. Alternatively, the recorded measured values can, for example, also directly relate to the common electrical active power or to the common electrical actuating current as well as a Relate phase shift between the common electrical control current and the common electrical control voltage.

Es sei darauf hingewiesen, dass es sich bei den Weichenantrieben um Weichenantriebe beliebiger Art und Ausführung handeln kann, insbesondere auch in Bezug auf ihre elektrische Strom- beziehungsweise Energieversorgung. So kann die gemeinsame Stromversorgung beispielsweise als Spannungsquelle realisiert sein, die eine Betriebsspannung in Form einer Gleichspannung (von z.B. 110V), in Form einer Wechselspannung (von z.B. 110V oder 220V) oder etwa im Falle einer Vier-Draht-Schnittstelle in Form einer Dreiphasen-Wechselspannung (von z.B. 400V / 50 Hz) bereitstellt.It should be pointed out that the point drives can be point drives of any type and design, in particular also with regard to their electrical power or energy supply. For example, the common power supply can be implemented as a voltage source that provides an operating voltage in the form of a direct voltage (e.g. 110V), in the form of an alternating voltage (e.g. 110V or 220V) or in the case of a four-wire interface in the form of a three-phase AC voltage (of e.g. 400V / 50 Hz) provides.

Die Weichenantriebe der Gruppe werden in der Regel unterschiedlichen Weichen zugeordnet sein. Darüber hinaus ist es grundsätzlich auch denkbar, dass die Weichenantriebe der Gruppe zumindest teilweise zu derselben Weiche gehören. Dies betrifft somit den Fall, dass eine Weiche mehrere Weichenantriebe beziehungsweise mehrere Stellmotoren aufweist.The point machines of the group are usually assigned to different points. In addition, it is basically also conceivable that the switch drives of the group belong at least partially to the same switch. This therefore applies to the case that a switch has several switch drives or several servomotors.

Gemäß dem zweiten Schritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, der in der Regel parallel beziehungsweise zeitgleich mit dem ersten Schritt ablaufen wird, werden auf einen jeweiligen Betriebszustand der einzelnen Weichenantriebe der Gruppe bezogene Betriebsdaten erfasst. Dabei umfassen die Betriebsdaten vorzugsweise insbesondere eine Information dahingehend, zu welchen Zeitpunkten beziehungsweise in welchen Zeiträumen der jeweilige Weichenantrieb aktiviert worden beziehungsweise aktiv gewesen ist. Dies kann beispielsweise derart geschehen, dass in den Betriebsdaten dokumentiert wird, welche Kommandos zu welchem Zeitpunkt an welchen Weichenantrieb der Gruppe übermittelt worden sind und zu welchen Zeitpunkten welche Meldungen von den Weichenantrieben der Gruppe erfasst worden sind. Damit erlauben es entsprechende Betriebsdaten vorteilhafterweise, für jeden Zeitpunkt eine Aussage dahingehend zu treffen, welcher der Weichenantriebe der Gruppe bezogen auf welche Weichenumlaufrichtung aktiv ist beziehungsweise war und wann hierbei welche Endlage erreicht oder verlassen wurde.According to the second step of the method according to the invention, which will usually run in parallel or at the same time as the first step, operating data related to a respective operating state of the individual point machines of the group are recorded. In this case, the operating data preferably include, in particular, information about the points in time or in which time periods the respective point machine was activated or was active. This can be done, for example, by documenting in the operating data which commands were transmitted at which point in time to which point machine of the group and at which points in time which messages were recorded by the point machines of the group. Corresponding operating data therefore advantageously allow a statement to be made about this for each point in time determine which of the point machines in the group is or was active in which point rotation direction and when which end position was reached or left.

Gemäß dem dritten Schritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden unter Berücksichtigung zumindest der erfassten Messwerte sowie der erfassten Betriebsdaten für zumindest eine Weiche, deren Weichenantrieb zu der Gruppe gehört, für einen Zustand der jeweiligen Weiche charakteristische Diagnosedaten ermittelt. Hierbei macht es sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren vorteilhafterweise zu Nutze, dass in der Regel nicht alle oder mehrere Weichen, deren Weichenantriebe der Gruppe zugeordnet sind, zur selben Zeit umlaufen. So werden auch bei einer Fahrstraßeneinstellung im Bahnbetrieb Weichen häufig beziehungsweise üblicherweise derart gestellt, dass sich die beim Anlauf der Weichenantriebe kurzzeitig ergebenden Anlaufströme nicht derart summieren, dass es zu einer Überlastung des Stellnetzes kommen könnte. Hierzu ist es beispielsweise bekannt, eine zeitgestaffelte oder stellstromgestaffelte Weichenansteuerung, etwa in Form einer Weichenlaufkette, vorzunehmen. Da Weichen somit häufig einzeln und/oder sequenziell umlaufen, gegebenenfalls mit einer Überlappung, ist es durch eine Kombination der bezogen auf die Gruppe der Weichenantriebe erfassten Messwerte sowie der erfassten Betriebsdaten, die den jeweiligen Betriebszustand der einzelnen Weichenantriebe der Gruppe zum jeweiligen Zeitpunkt angeben, möglich, aus den erfassten Messwerten Diagnosedaten zu ermitteln beziehungsweise zu extrahieren, die für einen Zustand zumindest einer Weiche, deren Weichenantrieb zu der Gruppe gehört, charakteristisch sind. Dabei wird es sich bei der zumindest einen Weiche, für welche die charakteristische Diagnosedaten ermittelt werden, in der Regel um eine Weiche handeln, die in dem durch die Messwerte abgedeckten jeweiligen Zeitraum zumindest einmal umgestellt worden ist. Vorzugsweise werden somit für alle in dem betrachteten Zeitraum gestellten beziehungsweise betätigten Weichen Diagnosedaten ermittelt, die für den Zustand der jeweiligen Weiche charakteristisch beziehungsweise spezifisch sind.According to the third step of the method according to the invention, taking into account at least the recorded measured values and the recorded operating data for at least one switch whose switch drive belongs to the group, characteristic diagnostic data are determined for a state of the respective switch. Here, the method according to the invention advantageously makes use of the fact that, as a rule, not all or several switches, whose switch drives are assigned to the group, rotate at the same time. Thus, even when a route is set in railway operation, points are often or usually set in such a way that the brief start-up currents that arise when the point drives start up do not add up in such a way that the control network could be overloaded. For this purpose it is known, for example, to carry out a time-staggered or actuating current-staggered switch control, for example in the form of a switch chain. Since turnouts thus often circulate individually and / or sequentially, possibly with an overlap, it is possible through a combination of the measured values recorded for the group of point machines and the recorded operating data that indicate the respective operating status of the individual point machines of the group at the respective point in time to determine or extract diagnostic data from the recorded measured values which are characteristic of a state of at least one switch, the switch drive of which belongs to the group. The at least one switch, for which the characteristic diagnostic data are determined, is usually a switch that has been switched at least once in the respective time period covered by the measured values. Diagnostic data are thus preferably determined for all points set or operated during the period under consideration are characteristic or specific for the condition of the respective switch.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren weist den grundlegenden Vorteil auf, dass abweichend von bekannten Verfahren es nicht erforderlich ist, für jeden einzelnen überwachten Weichenabtrieb zumindest eine elektrische Messgröße zu messen beziehungsweise zu erfassen. Stattdessen ist eine entsprechende Erfassung von Messwerten für die zumindest eine gemeinsame elektrische Messgröße vorteilhafterweise lediglich für die Gruppe der mehreren Weichenantriebe erforderlich, die eine gemeinsame Stromversorgung aufweisen. Dabei wird als gemeinsame elektrische Messgröße vorzugsweise der gemeinsame Stellstrom der Weichenantriebe, die gemeinsame Stellspannung der Weichenantriebe und/oder die von den Weichenantrieben aufgenommene gemeinsame Wirkleistung verwendet. Diese Vorgehensweise ist insbesondere in solchen Situationen vorteilhaft, in denen ohnehin bereits für eine Gruppe von mehreren Weichenantrieben eine gemeinsame Stromversorgung vorgesehen ist. Dadurch, dass für die Gruppe der mehreren Weichenantriebe lediglich eine Messeinrichtung beziehungsweise ein Messmodul zur Erfassung der Messwerte erforderlich ist, ergeben sich erhebliche Vorteile in Bezug auf die mit der Weichendiagnose verbundenen Kosten und Aufwände. Hierbei besteht weiterhin der Vorteil, dass sich die erfassten Messwerte bereits auf die Gesamtheit der Weichenantriebe der Gruppe beziehen, so dass eine Zusammenführung beziehungsweise ein Sammeln entsprechender Messwerte einzelner Weichenantriebe nicht erforderlich ist. Darüber hinaus können die auf die zumindest eine elektrische Messgröße der Weichenantriebe der Gruppe bezogenen Messwerte gegebenenfalls auch dafür verwendet werden, Auswertungen vorzunehmen, die basierend auf für einzelne Weichenantriebe erfassten Messwerten nicht oder nur mit höherem Aufwand durchführbar wären. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich weiterhin dadurch aus, dass es trotz der ermöglichten Einsparungen eine zuverlässige und leistungsfähige Weichendiagnose ermöglicht, die in Abhängigkeit von den jeweiligen Umstanden und Gegebenheiten zumindest genauso leistungsfähig wie vorbekannte Weichendiagnosesysteme ist.The method according to the invention has the fundamental advantage that, unlike known methods, it is not necessary to measure or record at least one electrical measured variable for each individual monitored switch output. Instead, a corresponding acquisition of measured values for the at least one common electrical measured variable is advantageously only required for the group of several point drives that have a common power supply. In this case, the common actuating current of the point drives, the common actuating voltage of the point drives and / or the common active power consumed by the point drives is preferably used as the common electrical measured variable. This procedure is particularly advantageous in situations in which a common power supply is already provided for a group of several point machines. The fact that only one measuring device or a measuring module is required for the acquisition of the measured values for the group of several point drives results in considerable advantages with regard to the costs and outlay associated with the point diagnosis. The advantage here is that the recorded measured values already relate to the entirety of the switch drives in the group, so that it is not necessary to combine or collect corresponding measured values from individual switch drives. In addition, the measured values related to the at least one electrical measured variable of the point machines of the group can optionally also be used to carry out evaluations which, based on the measured values recorded for individual point machines, could not be carried out or could only be carried out with greater effort. The method according to the invention is further characterized in that, despite the savings made possible, it enables a reliable and powerful switch diagnosis, which depends on the respective Circumstances and givens are at least as efficient as previously known turnout diagnosis systems.

Vorteilhafterweise kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren derart weitergebildet sein, dass Diagnosedaten ermittelt werden, die sich auf zumindest eine der folgenden Größen beziehen: Stellstrom des jeweiligen Weichenantriebs während eines Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche, Stellspannung des jeweiligen Weichenantriebs während des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche, von dem jeweiligen Weichenantrieb während des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche aufgenommene Wirkleistung. Bei den genannten Größen, das heißt Stellstrom, Stellspannung sowie während des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche aufgenommene Wirkleistung, handelt es sich vorteilhafterweise um solche Größen, die eine präzise Weichendiagnose erlauben. Dabei kann es sich bei den ermittelten Diagnosedaten insbesondere um den zeitlichen Verlauf der betreffenden Größe während des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche handeln. Darüber hinaus ist es grundsätzlich auch denkbar, dass die Diagnosedaten bereits dahingehend reduziert beziehungsweise vorverarbeitet sind, dass beispielsweise lediglich Maximal- und/oder Minimalwerte der jeweiligen Größe, gegebenenfalls in Verbindung mit einer Länge eines entsprechenden Zeitintervalls oder entsprechender Zeitintervalle, als Diagnosedaten ermittelt werden.Advantageously, the method according to the invention can be developed in such a way that diagnostic data are determined which relate to at least one of the following variables: actuating current of the respective point drive during one cycle of the respective switch, actuating voltage of the respective switch drive during the cycle of the respective switch, from the respective switch drive Active power consumed during the cycle of the respective switch. The variables mentioned, that is to say actuating current, actuating voltage and active power consumed during the rotation of the respective switch, are advantageously variables that allow precise switch diagnosis. The diagnostic data determined can in particular be the time course of the relevant variable during the rotation of the respective switch. In addition, it is basically also conceivable that the diagnostic data are already reduced or preprocessed to the extent that, for example, only maximum and / or minimum values of the respective size, possibly in connection with a length of a corresponding time interval or corresponding time intervals, are determined as diagnostic data.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird anhand der für die jeweilige Weiche ermittelten Diagnosedaten eine Bewertung des Zustands der jeweiligen Weiche vorgenommen. Dies ist vorteilhaft, da die ermittelten, für den Zustand der jeweiligen Weiche charakteristischen Diagnosedaten somit dafür verwendet werden, den Zustand der betreffenden Weiche zu bewerten. Dies kann beispielsweise derart geschehen, dass im Falle von Auffälligkeiten in den Diagnosedaten eine Warnmeldung erzeugt oder beispielsweise eine Wartung veranlasst beziehungsweise geplant wird.According to a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, an assessment of the state of the respective switch is carried out on the basis of the diagnostic data determined for the respective switch. This is advantageous because the determined diagnostic data characteristic of the state of the respective switch are used to evaluate the state of the relevant switch. This can be done, for example, in such a way that, in the event of abnormalities in the diagnostic data, a warning message is generated or, for example, maintenance is initiated or planned.

An dieser Stelle sei darauf hingewiesen, dass das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Weichendiagnose vorzugsweise vollumfänglich automatisch abläuft. Dies gilt somit sowohl in Bezug auf das Erfassen der Messwerte und der Betriebsdaten als auch in Bezug auf das Ermitteln der Diagnosedaten sowie das Bewerten des Zustands der jeweiligen Weiche.At this point it should be pointed out that the method according to the invention for turnout diagnosis preferably runs fully automatically. This applies both to the acquisition of the measured values and the operating data as well as to the determination of the diagnostic data and the evaluation of the status of the respective switch.

Vorteilhafterweise kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auch derart ausgestaltet sein, dass die Bewertung des Zustands der jeweiligen Weiche anhand eines Vergleichs der für die jeweilige Weiche ermittelten Diagnosedaten mit Referenzdaten vorgenommen wird. Anhand eines Vergleichs der für die jeweilige Weiche ermittelten Diagnosedaten mit Referenzdaten kann vorteilhafterweise eine besonders zuverlässige Bewertung des Zustands der betreffenden Weiche erfolgen. Dabei können sich die Referenzdaten beispielsweise auf einen zeitlichen Referenzverlauf der zumindest einen Größe, auf die sich die Diagnosedaten beziehen, beziehen. Im Falle eines entsprechenden Vergleichs der Kurvenverläufe werden vorteilhafterweise Toleranzen berücksichtigt beziehungsweise zugelassen, um sicherzustellen, dass nicht bereits geringfügige Abweichungen als mögliches Problem oder möglicher Fehler detektiert werden.The method according to the invention can advantageously also be designed in such a way that the status of the respective switch is assessed on the basis of a comparison of the diagnostic data determined for the respective switch with reference data. Using a comparison of the diagnostic data determined for the respective switch with reference data, a particularly reliable assessment of the condition of the switch in question can advantageously take place. In this case, the reference data can relate, for example, to a reference curve over time of the at least one variable to which the diagnostic data relate. In the case of a corresponding comparison of the curve profiles, tolerances are advantageously taken into account or permitted in order to ensure that even minor deviations are not detected as a possible problem or possible error.

Gemäß einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden anhand der erfassten Messwerte sowie der erfassten Betriebsdaten aktualisierte Referenzdaten ermittelt. Dies bedeutet, dass die erfassten Messwerte sowie die erfassten Betriebsdaten dafür genutzt werden können, eine Aktualisierung der Referenzdaten vorzunehmen. Vorzugsweise geschieht dies in einem Zustand, in dem alle Weichenantriebe der Gruppe beziehungsweise zumindest der im jeweiligen Einzelfall betrachtete Weichenantrieb gewartet sind beziehungsweise gewartet ist und damit die erfassten Messwerte und Betriebsdaten als Referenz geeignet sind. Gegebenenfalls wird es hierbei ermöglicht, dass "selbstlernend" für jede im üblichen Betrieb auftretende Weichenlaufkonstellation im Laufe der Zeit typische Werte als Referenzdaten erfasst werden, so dass beim Wiederauftreten der entsprechenden Weichenlaufkonstellation die betreffenden Referenzdaten für einen Vergleich mit den aktuellen Diagnosedaten verwendet werden können. Im Ergebnis besteht hierbei die Möglichkeit, dass gegebenenfalls für mehrere gleichzeitig betätigte Weichenantriebe der Gruppe eine Gesamtbetrachtung erfolgt, ohne dass eine Auflösung der Diagnosedaten in Bezug auf einen individuellen der betätigten Weichenantriebe erforderlich ist. Dies gilt beispielsweise für den Fall, dass mehrere Weichenantriebe beziehungsweise Stellmotoren einer Weiche überlappend betätigt werden und es für eine Bewertung des Zustands der betreffenden Weiche ausreichend ist, eine Gesamtbetrachtung vorzunehmen, ohne hierfür die einzelnen Weichenantriebe der Weiche separat zu betrachten.According to a further particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, updated reference data are determined on the basis of the recorded measured values and the recorded operating data. This means that the recorded measured values and the recorded operating data can be used to update the reference data. This is preferably done in a state in which all switch drives of the group or at least the switch drive considered in the respective individual case are or is serviced and thus the recorded measured values and operating data are suitable as a reference. If necessary, this makes it possible for "self-learning" to record typical values as reference data over the course of time for every turnout constellation that occurs during normal operation so that when the corresponding turnout constellation occurs again, the relevant reference data can be used for a comparison with the current diagnostic data. As a result, there is the possibility that, if necessary, an overall view is carried out for several simultaneously operated point drives of the group without the need to resolve the diagnostic data with regard to an individual one of the operated point drives. This applies, for example, to the case that several point drives or servomotors of a point are operated in an overlapping manner and it is sufficient to assess the condition of the point in question without considering the individual point drives of the point separately.

Vorteilhafterweise kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren weiterhin derart weitergebildet sein, dass als Referenzdaten zumindest ein Grenzwert für zumindest eine der folgenden Größen verwendet wird: Stellstrom des jeweiligen Weichenantriebs während eines Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche, Stellspannung des jeweiligen Weichenantriebs während des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche, von dem jeweiligen Weichenantrieb während des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche aufgenommene Wirkleistung, Dauer des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche, Dauer von einzelnen Phasen des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche. Dies ist vorteilhaft, da Grenzwerte für die genannten Größen eine zuverlässige Bewertung des Zustands der jeweiligen Weiche erlauben. Dadurch, dass als Referenzdaten lediglich zumindest ein Grenzwert für zumindest eine der genannten Größen verwendet wird, vereinfacht sich vorteilhafterweise der Vergleich, der für die jeweilige Weiche ermittelten Diagnosedaten mit den Referenzdaten und damit auch die Bewertung des Zustands der jeweiligen Weiche.Advantageously, the method according to the invention can furthermore be developed in such a way that at least one limit value for at least one of the following variables is used as reference data: control current of the respective switch drive during one rotation of the respective switch, control voltage of the respective switch drive during the rotation of the respective switch, from the respective Switch drive active power consumed during the rotation of the respective switch, duration of the rotation of the respective switch, duration of individual phases of the rotation of the respective switch. This is advantageous because limit values for the named variables allow a reliable assessment of the condition of the respective switch. The fact that only at least one limit value for at least one of the named variables is used as reference data advantageously simplifies the comparison of the diagnostic data determined for the respective switch with the reference data and thus also the assessment of the status of the respective switch.

Gemäß einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden im Rahmen der Bewertung des Zustands der jeweiligen Weiche auf das Wetter, die Witterung und/oder das Klima bezogene Umweltdaten berücksichtigt. Dabei können die Umweltdaten beispielsweise insbesondere Angaben zur jeweiligen Temperatur und Luftfeuchtigkeit enthalten. Die Umweltdaten können sich hierbei einerseits auf das aktuelle Wetter beziehen. Andererseits ist es auch möglich, dass sich die Umweltdaten auf die Witterung, das heißt das Wetter beziehungsweise das Wetterverhältnis über einen längeren Zeitabschnitt, beziehen. Darüber hinaus besteht weiterhin auch die Möglichkeit, dass sich die Umweltdaten auf das Klima beziehen und damit beispielsweise regelmäßig oder dauerhaft niedrige Temperaturen berücksichtigen. In der Regel wird es ausreichen, wenn die Umweltdaten für die Gruppe der Weichenantriebe beziehungsweise für einen größeren Bereich, etwa eine gesamte Bahnhofsanlage, erfasst werden. Dies bedeutet, dass eine individuelle Erfassung von Umweltdaten für die einzelnen Weichenantriebe der Gruppe vorteilhafterweise nicht erforderlich ist, da die Umweltdaten in der Regel zumindest im Wesentlichen für alle Weichenantriebe der Gruppe gleich beziehungsweise anwendbar sein werden.According to a further particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, as part of the assessment of the state of the respective switch on the weather, the Weather and / or climate-related environmental data are taken into account. The environmental data can, for example, contain information on the respective temperature and humidity. On the one hand, the environmental data can relate to the current weather. On the other hand, it is also possible for the environmental data to relate to the weather, that is to say the weather or the weather conditions over a longer period of time. In addition, there is still the possibility that the environmental data relate to the climate and thus, for example, take regular or permanent low temperatures into account. As a rule, it will be sufficient if the environmental data is recorded for the group of point machines or for a larger area, for example an entire station system. This means that an individual recording of environmental data for the individual point machines of the group is advantageously not necessary, since the environmental data will generally be at least essentially the same or applicable for all point machines of the group.

Im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kann die Erfassung der Messwerte sowie der Betriebsdaten grundsätzlich kontinuierlich erfolgen. In diesem Fall werden die entsprechenden Daten somit auch dann erfasst, wenn keiner der Weichenantriebe der Gruppe aktiv ist.In the context of the method according to the invention, the measurement values and the operating data can in principle be recorded continuously. In this case, the corresponding data is recorded even if none of the point machines in the group is active.

Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden die Messwerte zumindest während eines Umlaufs zumindest einer der Weichen, die einem der Weichenantriebe der Gruppe zugeordnet sind, erfasst. So wird es in vielen Fällen ausreichen, die Messwerte sowie gegebenenfalls auch die Betriebsdaten lediglich dann zu erfassen, wenn zumindest eine der Weichen umläuft beziehungsweise einer der Weichenantriebe der Gruppe aktiv ist. Hierdurch können sich Vorteile dahingehend ergeben, dass die erfasste Datenmenge reduziert sowie eine mögliche Rückwirkung der Messung für den Fall, dass keiner der Weichenantriebe aktiv ist, zuverlässig vermieden wird.According to a particularly preferred development of the method according to the invention, the measured values are recorded at least during one revolution of at least one of the switches that are assigned to one of the switch drives of the group. In many cases, it will be sufficient to only record the measured values and possibly also the operating data when at least one of the switches is rotating or one of the switch drives in the group is active. This can result in advantages in that the amount of data recorded is reduced as well as a possible retroactive effect of the measurement in the event that none of the point machines is active, is reliably avoided.

Vorteilhafterweise kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auch derart ausgestaltet sein, dass die Messwerte rückwirkungsfrei erfasst werden. Dies ist vorteilhaft, da eine Rückwirkung bei der Erfassung der Messwerte, die gegebenenfalls die Zuverlässigkeit oder Sicherheit der Ansteuerung des jeweiligen Weichenantriebs beeinträchtigen könnte, zuverlässig zu vermeiden ist. Eine entsprechende Rückwirkungsfreiheit kann beispielsweise durch eine galvanische Trennung gewährleistet werden, wobei entsprechende Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur rückwirkungsfreien Messwerterfassung als solche bekannt sind.The method according to the invention can advantageously also be designed in such a way that the measured values are recorded without any reaction. This is advantageous because a reaction to the acquisition of the measured values, which could possibly impair the reliability or safety of the control of the respective point machine, must be reliably avoided. Corresponding freedom from feedback can be ensured, for example, by means of galvanic isolation, corresponding methods and devices for feedback-free recording of measured values being known as such.

Hinsichtlich der Vorrichtung zur Weichendiagnose wird die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 10 gelöst.With regard to the device for turnout diagnosis, the object on which the invention is based is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 10.

Die Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung entsprechend denjenigen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, so dass diesbezüglich auf die entsprechenden vorstehenden Ausführungen verwiesen wird. Gleiches gilt hinsichtlich der im Folgenden genannten bevorzugten Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtungen in Bezug auf die jeweilige entsprechend bevorzugte Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, so dass auch diesbezüglich auf die entsprechenden vorstehenden Erläuterungen verwiesen wird.The advantages of the device according to the invention correspond to those of the method according to the invention, so that reference is made in this regard to the corresponding statements above. The same applies to the preferred developments of the devices according to the invention mentioned below in relation to the respective, correspondingly preferred Further development of the method according to the invention, so that reference is also made in this regard to the corresponding explanations above.

Vorteilhafterweise kann die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung derart weitergebildet sein, dass die Vorrichtung ausgebildet ist, Diagnosedaten zu ermitteln, die sich auf zumindest eine der folgenden Größen beziehen: Stellstrom des jeweiligen Weichenantriebs während eines Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche, Stellspannung des jeweiligen Weichenantriebs während des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche, von dem jeweiligen Weichenantrieb während des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche aufgenommene Wirkleistung.The device according to the invention can advantageously be developed in such a way that the device is designed to determine diagnostic data that relate to at least one of the following variables: actuating current of the respective switch drive during one rotation of the respective switch, adjustment voltage of the respective switch drive during the rotation of the respective switch , active power consumed by the respective point machine during the rotation of the respective point.

Gemäß einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ausgebildet, anhand der für die jeweilige Weiche ermittelten Diagnosedaten eine Bewertung des Zustands der jeweiligen Weiche vorzunehmen.According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, the device according to the invention is designed to carry out an assessment of the state of the respective switch on the basis of the diagnostic data determined for the respective switch.

Einer weiteren bevorzugten Weiterbildung entsprechend ist die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ausgebildet, die Bewertung des Zustands der jeweiligen Weiche anhand eines Vergleichs der für die jeweilige Weiche ermittelten Diagnosedaten mit Referenzdaten vorzunehmen.According to a further preferred development, the device according to the invention is designed to evaluate the state of the respective switch on the basis of a comparison of the diagnostic data determined for the respective switch with reference data.

Vorzugsweise kann die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung auch ausgebildet sein, anhand der erfassten Messwerte sowie der erfassten Betriebsdaten aktualisierte Referenzdaten zu ermitteln.The device according to the invention can preferably also be designed to determine updated reference data on the basis of the recorded measured values and the recorded operating data.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist diese ausgebildet, als Referenzdaten zumindest einen Grenzwert für zumindest eine der folgenden Größen zu verwenden: Stellstrom des jeweiligen Weichenantriebs während eines Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche, Stellspannung des jeweiligen Weichenantriebs während des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche, von dem jeweiligen Weichenantrieb während des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche aufgenommene Wirkleistung, Dauer des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche, Dauer von einzelnen Phasen des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche.According to a further preferred development of the device according to the invention, it is designed to use at least one limit value for at least one of the following variables as reference data: actuating current of the respective switch drive during one revolution of the respective switch, actuating voltage of the respective switch drive during the revolution of the respective switch from which respective point machine Active power absorbed during the rotation of the respective switch, duration of the rotation of the respective switch, duration of individual phases of the rotation of the respective switch.

Vorteilhafterweise kann die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung auch ausgebildet sein, im Rahmen der Bewertung des Zustands der jeweiligen Weiche auf das Wetter, die Witterung und/oder das Klima bezogenen Umweltdaten zu berücksichtigen.Advantageously, the device according to the invention can also be designed to take into account environmental data related to the weather, the weather and / or the climate in the context of the assessment of the state of the respective switch.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung kann vorteilhafterweise auch derart ausgestaltet sein, das sie ausgebildet ist, die Messwerte zumindest während eines Umlaufs zumindest einer der Weichen, die einem der Weichenantriebe zugeordnet sind, zu erfassen.The device according to the invention can advantageously also be designed in such a way that it is designed to acquire the measured values at least during one revolution of at least one of the switches that are assigned to one of the switch drives.

Weiterhin kann die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung auch ausgebildet sein, die Messwerte rückwirkungsfrei zu erfassen.Furthermore, the device according to the invention can also be designed to record the measured values without any reaction.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Hierzu zeigt die

Figur
in einer schematischen Skizze eine Anordnung mit einem Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Weichendiagnose.
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments. The
figure
in a schematic sketch an arrangement with an exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention for switch diagnosis.

In der schematischen Darstellung der Figur sind Weichen W1 bis W5 erkennbar, bei denen es sich beispielsweise um Weichen in einem Bahnhofsbereich handeln kann. Die Weichen W1 bis W5 weisen Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5 auf, die ein elektrisches Umstellen der jeweiligen Weiche W1 bis W5 ermöglichen.In the schematic representation of the figure, switches W1 to W5 can be seen, which can be switches in a train station area, for example. The switches W1 to W5 have switch drives WA1 to WA5, which allow electrical switching of the respective switch W1 to W5.

In der Figur ist weiterhin ein Stellteil ST angedeutet, das in erster Linie einem zuverlässigen An- und Abschalten der Weichenantriebe dient. Dabei stellt das Stellteil ST die Schnittstelle zwischen einem signaltechnisch sicheren Stellwerksrechner STR und den Weichenantrieben WA1 bis WA5 dar. Hierbei nimmt das Stellteil ST Kommandos von dem Stellwerksrechner STR entgegen und leitet diese an den jeweiligen Weichenantrieb WA1 bis WA5 weiter. Darüber hinaus empfängt das Stellteil ST Meldungen von dem jeweiligen Weichenantrieb WA1 bis WA5, bereitet diese gegebenenfalls auf und leitet sie an den Stellwerksrechner STR weiter.In the figure, an actuating part ST is also indicated, which primarily serves to reliably switch the switch drives on and off. The control part ST represents the interface between an interlocking computer STR, which is safe in terms of signaling, and the switch drives WA1 to WA5. The control part ST takes commands from the interlocking computer STR and forwards it to the respective point machine WA1 to WA5. In addition, the control part ST receives messages from the respective point drive WA1 to WA5, processes them if necessary and forwards them to the interlocking computer STR.

Die Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5 weisen eine gemeinsame Stromversorgung SV auf, das heißt, die von den Weichenantrieben WA1 bis WA5 benötigte elektrische Energie wird von der Stromversorgung SV bereitgestellt. Die Funktion des Stellteils ST beschränkt sich somit im Wesentlichen darauf, im Falle einer von dem Stellwerksrechner STR angeforderten Betätigung beziehungsweise Aktivierung eines der Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5 eine elektrische Verbindung zwischen der Stromversorgung SV und dem jeweiligen Weichenantrieb WA1 bis WA5 durchzuschalten, so dass der für das Stellen der jeweiligen Weiche W1 bis W5 erforderliche Stellstrom sowie die dazugehörige Stellspannung seitens der Stromversorgung SV bereitgestellt werden.The switch drives WA1 to WA5 have a common power supply SV, that is, the electrical energy required by the switch drives WA1 to WA5 is provided by the power supply SV. The function of the control part ST is thus essentially limited to switching through an electrical connection between the power supply SV and the respective point drive WA1 to WA5 in the event of an actuation or activation of one of the point drives WA1 to WA5 requested by the interlocking computer STR, so that the for the Set the respective switch W1 to W5 required control current and the associated control voltage are provided by the power supply SV.

Es sei darauf hingewiesen, dass anstelle des dargestellten Stellteils ST, das einer Anbindung der Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5 an eine Innenanlage eines Stellwerks STW dient, auch für jeden Weichenantrieb WA1 bis WA5 ein separates Stellteil beziehungsweise Weichenanschaltmodul vorgesehen sein könnte. Auch in diesem Fall würde jedoch für alle Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5 die Stromversorgung mittels der dahingehend zentralen Stromversorgung SV erfolgen. Dies würde beispielsweise auch dann gelten, wenn das Stellteil ST beziehungsweise die entsprechenden Stellteile dezentral im Bereich der Außenanlage angeordnet wären. Weiter ist beispielsweise auch der Fall denkbar, dass die Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5 über einen Energiebus miteinander verbunden und mit Energie versorgt werden. In diesem Fall würde es sich bei der Stromversorgung SV somit um die den Energiebus speisende Stromversorgung handeln.It should be noted that instead of the illustrated control element ST, which is used to connect the switch drives WA1 to WA5 to an indoor system of an interlocking system STW, a separate control element or switch switching module could also be provided for each switch drive WA1 to WA5. In this case too, however, the power supply for all point machines WA1 to WA5 would be provided by means of the relevant central power supply SV. This would also apply, for example, if the control part ST or the corresponding control parts were arranged in a decentralized manner in the area of the outdoor installation. Furthermore, it is also conceivable, for example, that the point machines WA1 to WA5 are connected to one another via an energy bus and are supplied with energy. In this case, the power supply SV would be the power supply feeding the power bus.

In der Figur ist weiterhin eine Messeinrichtung ME erkennbar, welche dazu dient, für die Gruppe der mehreren Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5, welche die gemeinsame Stromversorgung SV aufweisen, auf zumindest eine gemeinsame elektrische Messgröße, insbesondere einen gemeinsamen Stellstrom und/oder eine gemeinsame Stellspannung, der Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5 bezogene Messwerte zu erfassen. Vorteilhafterweise erfolgt die Erfassung hierbei dahingehend rückwirkungsfrei, dass eine Beeinträchtigung der Funktion des Stellteils ST beziehungsweise der Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5 durch die vorgenommene Messwerterfassung ausgeschlossen ist.In the figure, a measuring device ME can also be seen, which is used for the group of multiple point drives WA1 to WA5, which have the common power supply SV, to at least one common electrical measured variable, in particular a common control current and / or a common control voltage, the Point machines WA1 to WA5 to record related measured values. In this case, the acquisition is advantageously carried out without any reaction to the effect that any impairment of the function of the control element ST or the switch drives WA1 to WA5 due to the acquisition of the measured values is excluded.

Die Messeinrichtung ME ist mit einer Auswerteeinrichtung AE verbunden und bildet mit dieser zusammen eine Vorrichtung WD zur Weichendiagnose. Dabei überträgt die Messeinrichtung ME die erfassten Messwerte an die Auswerteeinrichtung AE. Diese ist weiterhin kommunikativ an den sicheren Stellwerksrechner STR angebunden und empfängt von diesem auf einen jeweiligen Betriebszustand der einzelnen Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5 bezogene Betriebsdaten. Hierbei wird ausgenutzt, dass dem Steuerrechner STR im Regelbetrieb zu jedem Zeitpunkt bekannt ist, in welchem Betriebszustand sich die einzelnen Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5 befinden. Dabei beziehen sich die Betriebsdaten vorteilhafterweise insbesondere auf Angaben zu Zeitpunkten von Zustandswechseln der Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5, so dass den Betriebsdaten beispielsweise entnommen werden kann, welcher der Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5 zu welchem Zeitpunkt beziehungsweise in welchem Zeitraum umgelaufen ist.The measuring device ME is connected to an evaluation device AE and together with this forms a device WD for turnout diagnosis. The measuring device ME transmits the recorded measured values to the evaluation device AE. This is also connected to the secure interlocking computer STR for communication and receives operating data related to a respective operating state of the individual point drives WA1 to WA5. This makes use of the fact that the control computer STR knows at all times in normal operation the operating state of the individual switch drives WA1 to WA5. In this case, the operating data advantageously relate in particular to information on times when the switch drives WA1 to WA5 change state, so that the operating data can be used, for example, to determine which of the switch drives WA1 to WA5 has circulated at what point in time or in what period of time.

Unter Berücksichtigung zumindest der durch die Messeinrichtung ME erfassten Messwerte sowie der vorliegend durch das Empfangen von dem Steuerrechner STR (beziehungsweise durch den Steuerrechner STR selbst) erfassten Betriebsdaten ist es der Auswerteeinrichtung AE nun vorteilhafterweise möglich, für einen Zustand der Weichen W1 bis W5 charakteristische Diagnosedaten zu ermitteln. Dabei gilt dies insbesondere für solche der Weichen W1 bis W5, die in dem jeweils betrachteten Zeitraum zumindest einmal umgestellt worden sind. Durch die Kombination der Messwerte mit den Betriebsdaten besteht somit vorteilhafterweise die Möglichkeit, trotz der für die Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5 vorgesehenen gemeinsamen Stromversorgung SV Diagnosedaten zu ermitteln, die den Zustand der jeweiligen individuellen Weiche, zum Beispiel W3, kennzeichnen. Dabei können sich die ermittelten Diagnosedaten beispielsweise auf den Stellstrom des jeweiligen Weichenantriebs WA1 bis WA5 während des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche W1 bis W5, die Stellspannung des jeweiligen Weichenantriebs WA1 bis WA5 während des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche W1 bis W5 sowie insbesondere auf die von dem jeweiligen Weichenantrieb WA1 bis WA5 während des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche W1 bis W5 aufgenommene elektrische Wirkleistung beziehen. Letztere kann beispielsweise aus erfassten Messdaten für den gemeinsamen Stellstrom und für die gemeinsame Stellspannung der Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5 ermittelt werden.Taking into account at least the measured values acquired by the measuring device ME and the operating data acquired by the reception of the control computer STR (or by the control computer STR itself), it is now advantageously possible for the evaluation device AE to assign characteristic diagnostic data for a state of the switches W1 to W5 determine. This applies in particular to those of the switches W1 to W5, which are considered in each case Period have been changed at least once. By combining the measured values with the operating data, there is advantageously the possibility of determining diagnostic data that characterize the state of the respective individual switch, for example W3, despite the common power supply SV provided for the switch drives WA1 to WA5. The determined diagnostic data can relate, for example, to the control current of the respective switch drive WA1 to WA5 during the rotation of the respective switch W1 to W5, the control voltage of the respective switch drive WA1 to WA5 during the rotation of the respective switch W1 to W5 and in particular to that of the respective switch Point drive WA1 to WA5 draw electrical active power absorbed during the rotation of the respective points W1 to W5. The latter can be determined, for example, from recorded measurement data for the common actuating current and for the common actuating voltage of the point drives WA1 to WA5.

Anhand der für die jeweilige Weiche W1 bis W5 ermittelten Diagnosedaten ist es der Auswerteeinrichtung AE nun möglich, eine Bewertung des Zustands der jeweiligen Weiche W1 bis W5 vorzunehmen. Dies kann beispielsweise anhand eines Vergleichs der für die jeweilige Weiche W1 bis W5 ermittelten Diagnosedaten mit entsprechenden Referenzdaten geschehen. Dabei können als Referenzdaten beispielsweise ein Grenzwert oder mehrere Grenzwerte für den Stellstrom des jeweiligen Weichenantriebs WA1 bis WA5 während des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche W1 bis W5, für die Stellspannung des jeweiligen Weichenantriebs WA1 bis WA5 während des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche W1 bis W5, für die von dem jeweiligen Weichenantrieb WA1 bis WA5 während des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche W1 bis W5 aufgenommene Wirkleistung, die Dauer des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche W1 bis W5 und/oder die Dauer von einzelnen Phasen des Umlaufs der jeweiligen Weiche W1 bis W5 verwendet werden.On the basis of the diagnostic data determined for the respective switch W1 to W5, it is now possible for the evaluation device AE to carry out an assessment of the state of the respective switch W1 to W5. This can be done, for example, on the basis of a comparison of the diagnostic data determined for the respective switch W1 to W5 with corresponding reference data. For example, a limit value or several limit values for the control current of the respective switch drive WA1 to WA5 during the rotation of the respective switch W1 to W5, for the control voltage of the respective switch drive WA1 to WA5 during the rotation of the respective switch W1 to W5, can be used as reference data Active power consumed by the respective switch machine WA1 to WA5 during the rotation of the respective switch W1 to W5, the duration of the rotation of the respective switch W1 to W5 and / or the duration of individual phases of the rotation of the respective switch W1 to W5 can be used.

Anhand der erfassten Messwerte sowie der erfassten Betriebsdaten kann darüber hinaus eine Aktualisierung der Referenzdaten erfolgen. So ist es beispielsweise ausgehend von einer erfolgten Wartung der Weichen W1 bis W5 möglich, dass die Vorrichtung WD zur Weichendiagnose sukzessive die im Betrieb auftretenden Weichenlaufkonstellationen lernt und entsprechende Referenzdaten anlegt beziehungsweise aktualisiert. In der Regel werden sich die Referenzdaten hierbei auf Größen beziehen, die für eine einzelne Weiche W1 bis W5 gelten. Grundsätzlich ist es jedoch auch möglich, dass beispielsweise für den Fall, dass mehrere Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5 regelmäßig zeitlich überlappend aktiv sind, etwa im Falle von mehreren Weichenantrieben einer Weiche, sich die Referenzdaten auf die Kombination der betreffenden Weichenantriebe beziehen.The reference data can also be updated on the basis of the recorded measured values and the recorded operating data take place. For example, based on a completed maintenance of the switches W1 to W5, the device WD for switch diagnosis successively learns the switch running constellations occurring during operation and creates or updates corresponding reference data. As a rule, the reference data will relate to sizes that apply to a single switch W1 to W5. In principle, however, it is also possible that, for example, in the event that several point drives WA1 to WA5 are regularly active with a time overlap, for example in the case of several point drives of a switch, the reference data relate to the combination of the relevant point drives.

Durch entsprechende (Langzeit-)Beobachtungen können seitens der Auswerteeinrichtung AE anhand der Diagnosedaten insbesondere sich langfristig, etwa in Form einer Drift oder einer stetigen Verlangsamung des Umlaufs der betreffenden Weiche, in ihrer Tendenz abzeichnende Abweichungen zuverlässig und frühzeitig erkannt werden. Darüber hinaus können auch spontan auftretende akute Probleme oder Defekte, etwa in Form eines in der Weichenzunge eingeklemmten Steines, beispielsweise anhand einer damit verbundenen längeren Umlaufdauer sowie eines höheren Stromverbrauchs, durch die Auswerteeinrichtung AE der Vorrichtung WD zur Weichendiagnose erkannt werden.Through corresponding (long-term) observations, the evaluation device AE can use the diagnostic data to reliably and early detect deviations that are becoming apparent in their tendency, especially long-term, for example in the form of a drift or a constant slowing down of the turnaround of the switch in question. In addition, acute problems or defects that occur spontaneously, for example in the form of a stone jammed in the switch tongue, for example on the basis of an associated longer cycle time and higher power consumption, can be detected by the evaluation device AE of the device WD for switch diagnosis.

Im Rahmen der Bewertung des Zustands der jeweiligen Weiche W1 bis W5 können vorteilhafterweise auf das Wetter, die Witterung und/oder das Klima bezogenen Umweltdaten berücksichtigt werden. So kann insbesondere dadurch, dass sich die erfassten Messwerte auf alle Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5 der Gruppe beziehen, unter Berücksichtigung von Umweltdaten ein gemeinsamer wetter- beziehungsweise witterungsbedingter, alle Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5 gleichermaßen betreffender Effekt erkannt werden. Dies gilt beispielsweise für den Fall, dass aufgrund von Kälte das Umlaufen von allen Weichen W1 bis W5 verzögert beziehungsweise verlangsamt ist. In diesem Fall erlaubt es somit gerade erst eine Gesamtbetrachtung der erfassten Messdaten, zu erkennen, dass nicht ein Fehlverhalten beziehungsweise Problem eines einzelnen Weichenantriebs WA1 bis WA5 vorliegt, sondern ein gemeinsamer wetter- beziehungsweise witterungsbedingter Effekt. Hierzu können sich die Umweltdaten insbesondere auf die jeweilige Temperatur und Luftfeuchtigkeit sowie gegebenenfalls vorhandenen Niederschlag, etwa in Form von Schnee und Eis, beziehen.As part of the evaluation of the state of the respective switch W1 to W5, environmental data related to the weather, the weather and / or the climate can advantageously be taken into account. In particular, because the recorded measured values relate to all point drives WA1 to WA5 of the group, a common weather-related or weather-related effect that affects all point drives WA1 to WA5 equally can be recognized, taking environmental data into account. This applies, for example, in the event that the circulation of all switches W1 to W5 is delayed or slowed down due to the cold. Allowed in this case It is therefore only just an overall view of the recorded measurement data to recognize that there is not a malfunction or problem of an individual point machine WA1 to WA5, but a common weather-related or weather-related effect. For this purpose, the environmental data can relate in particular to the respective temperature and humidity as well as any precipitation that may be present, for example in the form of snow and ice.

Die in der Figur dargestellte Vorrichtung WD zur Weichendiagnose weist insbesondere den Vorteil auf, dass für eine zuverlässige Weichendiagnose der Weichen W1 bis W5 lediglich eine Messeinrichtung ME erforderlich ist. Dies bedeutet, dass im Vergleich zu einer üblichen Anordnung, bei der jeweils zwischen dem Stellteil ST und dem jeweiligen Weichenantrieb WA1 bis WA5 eine Messeinrichtung ME angeordnet wäre, sich erhebliche Vorteile in Bezug auf eine Reduzierung der für eine Installation der Vorrichtung WD sowie ihren Betrieb anfallenden Kosten und Aufwände ergeben beziehungsweise ergeben können.The device WD for turnout diagnosis shown in the figure has the particular advantage that only one measuring device ME is required for a reliable turnout diagnosis of the switches W1 to W5. This means that in comparison to a conventional arrangement in which a measuring device ME would be arranged between the actuating part ST and the respective point drive WA1 to WA5, there are considerable advantages in terms of a reduction in the installation of the device WD and its operation Costs and expenses arise or may arise.

Darüber hinaus ist das Erfassen von Messwerten vor dem Weichenanschaltgerät in Form des Stellteils ST grundsätzlich sicherheitsunkritischer als eine Messwerterfassung für jeden einzelnen Weichenantrieb WA1 bis WA5 beziehungsweise den jeweiligen Weichenmotor. Ursache hierfür ist, dass bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren die Messwerte mit den auf den jeweiligen Betriebszustand der einzelnen Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5 der Gruppe bezogenen Betriebsdaten kombiniert werden. Hierdurch erfolgt somit eine Verknüpfung mit dem im Stellwerk STW ohnehin vorhandenen Wissen in Bezug auf Zustandsänderungen der Weichenlage der Weichen W1 bis W5. Durch die entsprechende Verknüpfung beziehungsweise Kombination der Messwerte mit den Betriebsdaten ist somit vorteilhafterweise eine zusätzliche Plausibilisierung möglich, so dass eventuelle Störungen besonders zuverlässig erkannt werden können. Vorteilhafterweise kann hierbei gegebenenfalls das Erfordernis einer Sicherheitsbetrachtung entfallen, die im Falle einer (galvanischen) Einbringung der Messeinrichtung ME in die Verbindungsleitung zwischen dem Stellteil ST und dem jeweiligen Weichenantrieb WA1 bis WA5 gegebenenfalls erforderlich ist beziehungsweise sein könnte.In addition, the acquisition of measured values in front of the switch switching device in the form of the control element ST is fundamentally less critical to safety than the acquisition of measured values for each individual point drive WA1 to WA5 or the respective point motor. The reason for this is that, in the method according to the invention, the measured values are combined with the operating data relating to the respective operating state of the individual switch drives WA1 to WA5 of the group. This results in a link with the knowledge that is already available in the interlocking STW with regard to changes in the state of the switch position of the switches W1 to W5. By appropriately linking or combining the measured values with the operating data, an additional plausibility check is advantageously possible so that any faults can be identified particularly reliably. Advantageously, the requirement for a safety assessment can be dispensed with, which in the case of a (galvanic) Bringing the measuring device ME into the connecting line between the control part ST and the respective switch drive WA1 to WA5 is or could be necessary if necessary.

Entsprechend den vorstehenden Ausführungen im Zusammenhang mit den beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung WD sowie des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Weichendiagnose weisen diese insbesondere den Vorteil auf, dass die Notwendigkeit einer individuellen Messwerterfassung für jeden der Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5 entfällt. Diese wird vorteilhafterweise ersetzt durch eine Messwerterfassung einer gemeinsamen elektrischen Messgröße, etwa des gemeinsamen beziehungsweise zentralen Stromverbrauchs oder der insgesamt aufgenommenen Wirkleistung, für die Gruppe der Weichen W1 bis W5. Diese Messwerterfassung wird verbunden mit dem Wissen der Steuerung in Form des Steuerrechners STR des Anschaltgerätes in Form des Stellteils ST in Bezug auf den zeitlichen Wechsel der Betriebszustände der Weichenantriebe WA1 bis WA5. Dabei kann es sich bei entsprechenden Betriebszuständen beispielsweise um das Umlaufen der jeweiligen Weiche W1 bis W5 oder das Erreichen der Endlage handeln. Durch eine alle Weichen W1 bis W5 verknüpfende Auswertung können dabei vorteilhafterweise eine Abweichung im Betriebs- beziehungsweise Laufverhalten des jeweiligen Antriebs WA1 bis WA5, der Grad der Abweichung, die Tendenz der Abweichung sowie weitere Größen verwendet werden, um hieraus Alarme beziehungsweise Meldungen zu erzeugen und hierdurch im Ergebnis eine bedarfsgerechte Wartung der Weichen W1 bis W5 zu ermöglichen. According to the above statements in connection with the described exemplary embodiments of the device WD according to the invention and the method according to the invention for turnout diagnosis, these have the particular advantage that there is no need for individual measurement value acquisition for each of the turnout drives WA1 to WA5. This is advantageously replaced by a measured value acquisition of a common electrical measured variable, for example the common or central power consumption or the total active power consumed, for the group of switches W1 to W5. This recording of measured values is combined with the knowledge of the control in the form of the control computer STR of the connection device in the form of the control element ST in relation to the change in the operating states of the point drives WA1 to WA5 over time. In the case of corresponding operating states, it can be, for example, rotating the respective switch W1 to W5 or reaching the end position. Through an evaluation linking all switches W1 to W5, a deviation in the operating or running behavior of the respective drive WA1 to WA5, the degree of deviation, the tendency of the deviation and other variables can be used to generate alarms or messages and thereby as a result, to enable needs-based maintenance of the switches W1 to W5.

Claims (18)

  1. Method for diagnosing switches, wherein
    - for a group of a plurality of switch machines (WA1-WA5) having a common power supply (SV), measured values are acquired which relate to at least one common electrical measurement variable which is produced for all of the switch machines (WA1-WA5) of the group, in particular in the form of a common control current of the switch machines (WA1-WA5), a common control voltage of the switch machines (WA1-WA5) and/or a common active power consumed by the switch machines (WA1-WA5),
    - operational data is acquired which relates to a respective operating state of the individual switch machines (WA1-WA5) of the group, wherein the operational data contains information about the time points and/or time periods at which or in which the respective switch machine (WA3) was activated and/or active, and
    - taking into account the acquired measured values and the acquired operational data for a switch (W3) the respective switch machine (WA3) of which belongs to the group, characteristic diagnostic data is determined for a state of the respective switch (W3).
  2. Method according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    diagnostic data is determined which relates to at least one of the following variables:
    - control current of the respective switch machine (WA1-WA5) during throwing of the respective switch (W1-W5),
    - control voltage of the respective switch machine (WA1-WA5) during throwing of the respective switch (W1-W5),
    - active power consumed by the respective switch machine (WA1-WA5) during throwing of the respective switch (W1-W5) .
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that
    an evaluation of the state of the respective switch (W1-W5) is performed on the basis of the diagnostic data determined for the respective switch (W1-W5).
  4. Method according to claim 3,
    characterised in that
    the evaluation of the state of the respective switch (W1-W5) is performed on the basis of a comparison of the diagnostic data determined for the respective switch (W1-W5) with reference data.
  5. Method according to claim 4,
    characterised in that
    updated reference data is determined on the basis of the acquired measured values and the acquired operational data.
  6. Method according to one of claims 4 or 5,
    characterised in that
    at least one limit value for at least one of the following variables is used as reference data:
    - control current of the respective switch machine (WA1-WA5) during throwing of the respective switch (W1-W5),
    - control voltage of the respective switch machine (WA1-WA5) during throwing of the respective switch (W1-W5),
    - active power consumed by the respective switch machine (WA1-WA5) during throwing of the respective switch (W1-W5),
    - duration of the throwing of the respective switch (W1-W5),
    - duration of individual phases of the throwing of the respective switch (W1-W5).
  7. Method according to one of claims 2 to 6,
    characterised in that
    in the context of the evaluation of the state of the respective switch (W1-W5), environmental data relating to the meteorological situation, the general weather and/or the climate is taken into consideration.
  8. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the measured values are acquired at least during the throwing of at least one of the switches (W1-W5) assigned to one of the switch machines (WA1-WA5) of the group.
  9. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the measured values are acquired without any interaction.
  10. Device (WD) for diagnosing switches, wherein the device (WD) is designed such that,
    - for a group of a plurality of switch machines (WA1-WA5) having a common power supply (SV), it acquires measured values which relate to at least one common electrical measurement variable, which is produced for all of the switch machines (WA1-WA5) of the group, in particular in the form of a common control current of the switch machines (WA1-WA5), a common control voltage of the switch machines (WA1-WA5) and/or a common active power consumed by the switch machines (WA1-WA5),
    - it acquires operational data which relates to a respective operating state of the individual switch machines (WA1-WA5) of the group, wherein the operational data contains information about the time points and/or time periods at which or in which the respective switch machine (WA3) was activated and/or active, and
    - taking into account the acquired measured values and the acquired operational data for a switch (W3), the switch machine (WA3) of which belongs to the group, it determines characteristic diagnostic data for a state of the respective switch (W3).
  11. Device (WD) according to claim 10,
    characterised in that
    the device (WD) is designed to determine diagnostic data which relates to at least one of the following variables:
    - control current of the respective switch machine (WA1-WA5) during throwing of the respective switch (W1-W5),
    - control voltage of the respective switch machine (WA1-WA5) during throwing of the respective switch (W1-W5),
    - active power consumed by the respective switch machine (WA1-WA5) during throwing of the respective switch (W1-W5) .
  12. Device (WD) according to claim 10 or 11,
    characterised in that
    the device (WD) is designed to perform an evaluation of the state of the respective switch (W1-W5) on the basis of the diagnostic data determined for the respective switch (W1-W5).
  13. Device (WD) according to claim 12,
    characterised in that
    the device (WD) is designed to perform the evaluation of the state of the respective switch (W1-W5) on the basis of a comparison of the diagnostic data determined for the respective switch (W1-W5) with reference data.
  14. Device (WD) according to claim 13,
    characterized in that
    the device (WD) is designed to determine updated reference data on the basis of the acquired measured values and the acquired operational data.
  15. Device (WD) according to one of claims 13 or 14,
    characterised in that
    the device (WD) is designed to use as reference data at least one limit value for at least one of the following variables:
    - control current of the respective switch machine (WA1-WA5) during throwing of the respective switch (W1-W5),
    - control voltage of the respective switch machine (WA1-WA5) during throwing of the respective switch (W1-W5),
    - active power consumed by the respective switch machine (WA1-WA5) during throwing of the respective switch (W1-W5),
    - duration of the throwing of the respective switch (W1-W5),
    - duration of individual phases of the throwing of the respective switch (W1-W5).
  16. Device (WD) according to one of the claims 12 to 15,
    characterised in that
    the device (WD) is designed to take environmental data relating to the meteorological situation, the general weather and/or the climate into consideration in the context of the evaluation of the state of the respective switch (W1-W5).
  17. Device (WD) according to one of the claims 10 to 16,
    characterised in that
    the device (WD) is designed to acquire the measured values at least during the throwing of at least one of the switches (W1-W5) assigned to one of the switch machines (WA1-WA5) of the group.
  18. Device (WD) according to one of the claims 10 to 17,
    characterised in that
    the device (WD) is designed to acquire the measured values without any interaction.
EP17788129.9A 2016-11-02 2017-10-05 Method and device for diagnosing railway switches Active EP3507165B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102016221479.9A DE102016221479A1 (en) 2016-11-02 2016-11-02 Method and device for switch diagnostics
PCT/EP2017/075280 WO2018082857A1 (en) 2016-11-02 2017-10-05 Method and device for diagnosing railway switches

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EP3507165B1 true EP3507165B1 (en) 2021-11-24

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AU (1) AU2017355153B2 (en)
DE (1) DE102016221479A1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2018082857A1 (en)

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DE102019200031A1 (en) 2019-01-03 2020-07-09 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Method and device for determining the cause of a fault in switch failures in rail-bound traffic
DE102019202631A1 (en) * 2019-02-27 2020-08-27 Siemens Mobility GmbH Method for monitoring a switch in a railway track system
EP4008605A1 (en) 2020-12-04 2022-06-08 Siemens Mobility GmbH Method and device for diagnosing a railroad switch with a point machine
CN113805560B (en) * 2021-08-13 2023-05-23 交控科技股份有限公司 Switch monitoring device and method applied to eight-wire switch control circuit
CN114194247A (en) * 2021-11-12 2022-03-18 卡斯柯信号有限公司 System and method for controlling 46-line turnout at trackside in plateau outdoor environment
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DE102022130694A1 (en) * 2022-11-21 2024-05-23 Scheidt & Bachmann Gmbh Control arrangement for switches
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CN109906182B (en) 2021-09-24
AU2017355153A1 (en) 2019-04-18
RU2725838C1 (en) 2020-07-06
WO2018082857A1 (en) 2018-05-11
AU2017355153B2 (en) 2020-04-23
CN109906182A (en) 2019-06-18
DE102016221479A1 (en) 2018-05-03
ES2907427T3 (en) 2022-04-25

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