EP3505258A1 - Centrifugeuse de laboratoire - Google Patents

Centrifugeuse de laboratoire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3505258A1
EP3505258A1 EP18150064.6A EP18150064A EP3505258A1 EP 3505258 A1 EP3505258 A1 EP 3505258A1 EP 18150064 A EP18150064 A EP 18150064A EP 3505258 A1 EP3505258 A1 EP 3505258A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
laboratory centrifuge
strand
drive
rotor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18150064.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3505258B1 (fr
Inventor
Eckhard Tödteberg
Matthias Höche
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Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH
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Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH
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Priority to EP18150064.6A priority Critical patent/EP3505258B1/fr
Priority to CN201910001080.5A priority patent/CN109985734B/zh
Publication of EP3505258A1 publication Critical patent/EP3505258A1/fr
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Publication of EP3505258B1 publication Critical patent/EP3505258B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B9/00—Drives specially designed for centrifuges; Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing; Suspending or balancing rotary bowls
    • B04B9/14—Balancing rotary bowls ; Schrappers
    • B04B9/146—Unbalance detection devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B7/00—Elements of centrifuges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B9/00—Drives specially designed for centrifuges; Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing; Suspending or balancing rotary bowls
    • B04B9/14—Balancing rotary bowls ; Schrappers

Definitions

  • Laboratory centrifuges are used, for example, in biotechnology, the pharmaceutical industry, medical technology and environmental analysis.
  • a centrifugation of a product in particular a sample container with a sample or substance arranged therein, or a multiplicity of such products takes place.
  • accelerations acting on the product are to be generated so that a substance mixture formed by the sample or the substance is decomposed into components of different density.
  • a targeted control of the pressure and / or temperature conditions can additionally take place during the centrifugation.
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • a control or regulation and monitoring of the operation of the centrifugation train is carried out by controlling or monitoring the electrical impingement of the Drive.
  • a control or regulation of the drive speed and / or the drive torque of the drive can be carried out, whereby also predetermined courses for the drive speed or the drive torque can be traced.
  • the centrifugation strand is supported via spring and / or damping devices with respect to a housing of the laboratory centrifuge.
  • a deflection or acceleration of the centrifugation strand can be detected in order, for example, to be able to detect vibrations of the centrifugal strand with respect to the housing in the event of an imbalance of the rotor.
  • the publication DE 195 39 633 A1 describes it as known, depending on a deflection of a spring-mounted centrifugal strand to actuate a switching element, which is concluded that the presence of an imbalance.
  • DE 195 39 633 A1 considered in such, based on a deflection detection of imbalance that at a resulting possibly only at a higher speed unbalance, in particular by breaking a sample tube, the imbalance due to the high speed does not lead to the formation of a large deflection, which for the high speeds, a detection of imbalance on a via the deflection actuated switching element is not possible.
  • the evaluation of the measurement signal preferably takes place by means of a bandpass filter whose center frequency corresponds to the rotational frequency of the rotor. If an unbalance of sufficient magnitude detected by the sensor, an alarm or a shutdown device is actuated.
  • a displacement sensor the use of an optoelectronic sensor is proposed.
  • the publication DE 10 2011 100 044 B4 proposes to provide a carrier ring on a rotor.
  • a carrier ring For the purpose of identifiable identification of different rotors are used in the Area of the carrier ring at different circumferentially distributed locations that are specific to the different rotors, magnets arranged.
  • the magnetic sensors can also be used in the operation of the laboratory centrifuge to detect an inclination of the axis of rotation of the rotor, which leads to a change in the distance between the magnet and the magnetic sensors, which is then deduced the presence of an imbalance.
  • the publication DE 10 2014 116 527 A1 discloses the use of a rotation angle sensor, a displacement sensor and three acceleration sensors, which are each responsible for a spatial direction. A detection of an imbalance at low speeds is to be done by means of the displacement sensor, while at higher speeds above 1,000 rev / min detection should be based on the measurement signal of an acceleration sensor.
  • the centrifugation line can cooperate with an emergency switch, via which an emergency shutdown of the laboratory centrifuge is possible.
  • the measurement signal of an acceleration sensor or of the displacement sensor is compared with characteristic curves stored in a control unit.
  • an amplitude of a measuring signal is greater than a limiting value dependent on a first characteristic curve, this signals an unbalance which does not present an immediate danger to the safety of the laboratory centrifuge or of the user. In this case, an audible or visual warning signal may be given to the user. If, on the other hand, an amplitude of the measuring signal exceeds a second limiting value, which is predetermined by a second stored characteristic curve, this is regarded as an indication of an immediate danger and an immediate need for action, with which an automatic emergency shutdown of the laboratory centrifuge can take place.
  • the characteristics mentioned here can be speed-dependent.
  • the control unit may have a data logger recording the measurement signals.
  • the measurement signals recorded in this way can then be read out via the end of the operation of the laboratory centrifuge via a USB port and made available for maintenance, troubleshooting, product lifecycle management, etc.
  • the three acceleration sensors responsible for the different spatial directions can be formed by a three-axis acceleration sensor, which can be mounted directly on an electronics board, which is fastened in the region of a lower engine mount of the drive near the drive shaft.
  • the publication DE 203 07 913 U1 discloses the storage of a rotor of a laboratory centrifuge via magnetic bearings. On the electrical operating variables of the magnetic bearing can be closed on the one hand to the size and location of an imbalance of the rotor. On the other hand, in the case of unbalance determined in this way, an active regulation of the bearing forces exerted by the magnetic bearings on the rotor can also take place in such a way that a compensation of the imbalance takes place.
  • DE 10 2015 102 476 A1 discloses the mounting of a drive shaft supporting a rotor of an electric motor in two engine mounts.
  • An engine mount is supported via a bell-shaped housing, while the other engine mount is supported via a large inertial mass representing coupling body to spring elements.
  • Adjacent to the two engine mounts a measurement of the oscillating motion of the drive shaft takes place in each case via a displacement, velocity or acceleration sensor.
  • the stator of the electric motor has windings which, depending on the measuring signals of the displacement, speed or acceleration sensors, are driven in such a way that they can counteract the vibrations of the drive shaft.
  • a tilt of the drive shaft can be determined.
  • a speed sensor may be arranged, in which case a Hall sensor can be used, which detects a speed and a rotation angle and a rotational direction of the drive shaft.
  • the present invention has for its object to propose a laboratory centrifuge with improved possibilities for monitoring and / or influencing the operating state of the laboratory centrifuge.
  • the conditions of motion, force and torque on the centrifugation strand are strongly dependent on the dimensioning of the spring and / or damping devices, by means of which the centrifugation strand is supported on the housing of the laboratory centrifuge.
  • an infinitely high rigidity and damping of the spring and / or damping devices ensures that the orientation of the longitudinal and / or rotational axis of the centrifugation strand is maintained in accordance with the alignment of the laboratory centrifuge with respect to the environment (so that the deviation of the longitudinal and / or rotational axis from that Acceleration depends exactly on how "horizontally" the housing of the laboratory centrifuge and thus the centrifuge line are set up).
  • an inclination sensor is used in a laboratory centrifuge which detects an alignment of a longitudinal and / or rotational axis of the centrifugation strand.
  • the inclination sensor thus generates a measurement signal in which a change is directly correlated or proportional to a change in the orientation of the longitudinal and / or rotational axis of the centrifugation strand.
  • a measurement signal for the alignment of the longitudinal and / or rotational axis of the centrifugation strand which provides alternative or supplementary evaluation options for static and / or dynamic changes in the position and / or orientation of the centrifugation strand, which in particular alternative or additional and improved Possibilities for identifying an insufficient alignment of the longitudinal and / or rotational axis to the acceleration due to gravity and / or an existing imbalance of the rotating components of the centrifugal strand are provided.
  • the evaluation can also take into account the aforementioned gyro effects on the basis of the measuring signal of the inclination sensor.
  • the inclination sensor is a gyroscope sensor.
  • the gyroscope sensor is held by a housing of the centrifugation strand, so that the gyroscope sensor does not rotate with the rotating components of the centrifugation strand, but can detect an inclination and thus a change in inclination of the longitudinal and / or rotational axis of the centrifugation strand.
  • a gyroscope which may also be referred to as a gyrostabilizer or gyro instrument, includes a rotating symmetric gyro which is journaled relative to a suspension such that upon pivoting of the suspension due to pivoting of the gyroscope relative to the gyro suspension, its axis of rotation does not change.
  • the suspension may, for example, be a gimbal suspension. A pivoting of the suspension relative to the measuring gyroscope is converted into a measuring signal in the case of a gyroscope sensor.
  • the suspension is attached to a non-rotating housing of the centrifugation strand, in particular the drive of the centrifugation strand.
  • gyroscope sensors which may also have no rotating measuring gyroscope, and can also be used within the scope of the invention, find today in smartphones, tablets and game consoles, for example, use.
  • the inclination sensor is designed as a magnetic field sensor, by means of which a strength and / or orientation of a magnetic field is detected and converted into a measurement signal. Furthermore, the inclination sensor has a permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnet generates a magnetic field whose strength and / or orientation is detected by the magnetic field sensor. It is possible, for example, that the magnetic field sensor is held by a housing of the centrifugation strand, while the permanent magnet adjacent to the magnetic field sensor is held on a housing of the laboratory centrifuge. Alternatively, it is possible that the permanent magnet is attached to the housing of the centrifugation strand, while the magnetic field sensor is held on the housing of the laboratory centrifuge.
  • the magnetic field sensor for a possible embodiment is based on the detection of a magnetic flux density (so-called magnetometer), then any sensor types (in particular Hall sensors, Förster probes) or saturation core magnetometers or fluxgate sensors, SMR sensors, thin-film sensors that change their resistance under the influence of magnetic flux, field plates u. ⁇ . Be used.
  • magnetometer any sensor types (in particular Hall sensors, Förster probes) or saturation core magnetometers or fluxgate sensors, SMR sensors, thin-film sensors that change their resistance under the influence of magnetic flux, field plates u. ⁇ . Be used.
  • a tilt sensor may be formed as a gyroscope sensor, which is held on a housing of the centrifugation strand.
  • the other inclination sensor is formed with a permanent magnet and a magnetic field sensor interacting with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet.
  • the two inclination sensors can be used redundantly. It is also possible that the two on having a different measuring principle based tilt sensors different sensitivities and / or frequency ranges for the recording of a measurement signal.
  • At least one acceleration sensor may be present (in addition to the at least one inclination sensor).
  • the signal processing of a measurement signal of an acceleration sensor usually has only a limited resolution.
  • a harmonic oscillation of the centrifugation strand with the frequency of the drive movement of the rotor results in an acceleration of the centrifugation strand which is proportional to the deflection of the oscillation of the centrifugation strand and the square of the frequency of this oscillation (which usually corresponds to the rotational speed of the rotor or subsystem). and / or superharmonic corresponds to this speed) is.
  • the acceleration amplitude measured by an acceleration sensor increases with an increase in frequency, i. H. with an increase in the drive speed of the rotor, strong.
  • the acceleration amplitude measured by an acceleration sensor is also dependent on a possible resonance function or transfer function of the vibration system, which is formed with the centrifugation strand and its support via the at least one spring and / or damping device.
  • a sensitivity of the acceleration sensor must be adjusted or optimized according to the prior art for all occurring frequencies and amplitudes. This, in conjunction with the limited resolution of the digital processing of the measurement signal of the speed sensor acceleration sensor of the rotor with small occurring accelerations, can lead to a poor resolution of the measurement signal and a poor signal-to-noise ratio.
  • known acceleration sensors and / or signal processing used for the evaluation of the measurement signal of the acceleration signal can also have only limited frequency ranges in which they can generate an acceleration signal with sufficient accuracy.
  • the centrifugation strand not only have a sensor type of an acceleration sensor, with which the acceleration of the centrifugation strand is detected in one or more spatial directions with predetermined sensitivity in the predetermined frequency range of this sensor type. Rather, the centrifugation strand has at least two acceleration sensors, which measure an acceleration of the drive with different sensitivities and / or in different frequency ranges, wherein preferably the two acceleration sensors measure the acceleration in the same spatial direction. According to the invention, two sensors of different sensor types are thus used, with which the acceleration of the drive in the same spatial direction is measured in different frequency ranges and / or with different sensitivities.
  • This embodiment of the invention is based on the finding that when using a single sensor type of acceleration sensor with predetermined sensitivity and frequency range selection of this sensor type must be such that the sensitivity and the frequency range of the sensor type are chosen so that the acceleration sensor as possible in all relevant Operating situation provides sufficiently good measurement signals to make the required evaluation can.
  • the acceleration sensor must deliver sufficiently good measurement signals both at low speeds (and possibly large deflections of the centrifugal column) and at high speeds (and possibly small deflections of the centrifugation train), which is only possible to a limited extent.
  • an acceleration sensor may be designed such that it has a measurement signal (in particular with a measurement error of less than 10%, less than 5% or less than 3%) both for a frequency 0 (ie a DC component) and for low frequencies (eg for frequencies from 0 to 50 hertz, 0 to 100 hertz, 0 to 200 hertz or 0 to 500 hertz), while another accelerometer then generates a measurement signal (in particular with a measurement error of less than 10%, less than 5%). or less than 3%) in a frequency range which is at least partially above the frequency range of the former sensor and, for example, in a frequency range above 50 hertz, 100 hertz, 150 hertz or 200 hertz or 500 hertz.
  • the first acceleration sensor detects acceleration in a low frequency range
  • monitoring can already take place with the start of the laboratory centrifuge by means of the first acceleration sensor, if a longitudinal and / or rotational axis of the centrifugation strand is aligned parallel to the acceleration vector and / or the rotating components of the centrifugal force Zentrifugationsstrangs have an imbalance.
  • the second acceleration sensor can be responsible, even for higher or higher Rotation speeds to monitor the acceleration.
  • a product fails eg., A sample tube breaks
  • an evaluation may also be advantageous in such a way that both the measurement signal of at least one inclination sensor and the measurement signal of at least one acceleration sensor are evaluated.
  • the centrifugation strand has a sensor which is based on a sensor principle which has hitherto not been used for a laboratory centrifuge.
  • a sensor which determines the alignment of the drive with respect to a magnetic field Earth measures.
  • a Hall sensor can be used.
  • a measurement signal thus determined which relates to the orientation of the drive relative to the magnetic field of the earth, it can be detected on the one hand whether the laboratory centrifuge has been set up correctly (i.e., horizontally), which is possible even when the rotor is at a standstill in view of the sensor principle used.
  • At least one sensor is present, which detects a rotation angle, an angular velocity or an angular acceleration of a drive shaft of the drive.
  • a temperature sensor may be present. It is advantageous if this temperature sensor is arranged closely adjacent (for example, less than 10 cm, less than 5 cm or less than 3 cm adjacent) of the other sensors. This temperature sensor then preferably measures not the temperature in the rotor chamber or the temperature inside the drive, but the temperature to which the sensors are exposed.
  • the aforementioned sensors ie in particular the inclination sensors, the gyroscope sensor, the magnetic field sensor, the permanent magnet, the acceleration sensors, the sensor for detecting the orientation of the drive against a magnetic field of the earth, the sensor for detecting a rotation angle, an angular velocity or an angular acceleration of a drive shaft of the drive, the temperature sensor and / or the 9-axis sensor will be referred to in the following with the common generic term "sensor”.
  • At least one of said sensors is arranged at any point of the housing of the drive or on a rigidly coupled thereto component.
  • the sensors are arranged on a sensor board with which they (possibly with other electrical and electronic components) form a structural unit.
  • the sensor board can then be connected via a plug, at least one conductor, a bus system and / or an electrical power supply with decentralized arranged from the sensor board electronic control units, storage, output devices, data loggers and / or power supplies.
  • the sensor board can be arranged at any point on the centrifugation strand or the housing of the drive. However, this is preferably located on the side facing away from the rotor of the centrifugation strand, in particular the housing of the drive.
  • this has the advantage that the sensor board, for example, does not have to extend in the region of a rotor chamber, with the result that the space required here is reduced.
  • for the arrangement of the sensor board on the side facing away from the rotor of the drive may also be avoided that with the operation of the laboratory centrifuge resulting in the rotor chamber during operation due to the high speed of the rotor temperature increase not on the temperature of the circumstances sensitive electrical and electronic components on the sensor board. So may also be a Temperature influence on the accuracy of the measurement signals of the sensors of the sensor board are at least reduced.
  • the sensor board is arranged on the side facing away from the rotor of the drive
  • the sensor for detecting the movement of the drive shaft is preferably also arranged on this sensor board. It is possible that then this sensor is arranged on the sensor board immediately adjacent to an end portion of the drive shaft of the drive to detect the movement of the drive shaft. It is even possible that the drive shaft or an end-side pin-shaped projection which rotates with the drive shaft, or an incremental encoder of the drive shaft protrudes through a recess of the sensor board, while the sensor can then surround the incremental encoder or the end portion of the drive shaft or the extension.
  • an electronic control unit is present in the laboratory centrifuge, which processes the measurement signal of at least one of the aforementioned sensors.
  • the electronic control unit is also arranged on the sensor board.
  • the electronic control unit can have any desired control logic required for operation and evaluation of the sensors.
  • a calibration factor, a calibration curve or a calibration field for at least one sensor can be present in the control unit or an associated memory unit, by means of which a conversion of the electrical measurement signal provided by the sensor takes place.
  • An evaluation of the thus converted signal can then also by the control unit, by another control unit of the laboratory centrifuge or even by an outside of the laboratory centrifuge arranged control unit, to which the signal is transmitted by wire or wireless, take place.
  • the control logic determines whether the laboratory centrifuge is set up so that the drive axis of the drive or a main axis of inertia of the rotating components of the centrifugation strand is aligned in the direction of the acceleration due to gravity. This can be done, for example, based on the detection of a Deviationsmomentes by the tilt sensors used or by otherwise evaluation of at least one tilt sensor and / or another sensor.
  • an imbalance of the rotating components of the centrifugation strand is determined. It is possible here that only a comparison of a measured value takes place with a threshold value, which then concludes that the drive axis of the drive or a main axis of inertia of the rotating components of the centrifugal strand is not aligned in the direction of gravity acceleration vector or an imbalance of the rotating components of the centrifugal strand is great.
  • control logic is able to differentiate based on the measurement signals determined by the sensors, if the laboratory centrifuge is positioned so that the drive axis of the drive or a main axis of inertia of the rotating component of the centrifugal strand is not aligned in the direction of the gravitational acceleration vector or an imbalance of the rotating components of the centrifugation strand is present.
  • the user of the laboratory centrifuge (possibly already before the operation of the laboratory centrifuge, after a termination of the centrifugation or after the proper completion of the centrifugation) can be given a feedback that either the propulsion drive axle or main inertia axle is misaligned so that the laboratory centrifuge placement on the pad must be checked or there is imbalance in the rotating component of the centrifugation string, indicating improper placement of the laboratory centrifuge rotor with the products or may indicate a defect of a rotating component of the centrifugation strand.
  • an error criterion is determined by the control logic of the control unit.
  • the error criterion may be present if a measured acceleration or slope is above a threshold or a characteristic dependent on the speed of the rotor or if it is detected that the rotor is not rotationally symmetric or unbalanced or if the laboratory centrifuge is not properly aligned with the acceleration due to gravity is. If such an error criterion exists, generates the control logic of the control unit an error message, which may be an optical error message, an acoustic error message or even an error entry in a fault memory, to name just a few non-limiting examples.
  • the control logic of the electronic control unit can be used to automatically control or regulate a position of a compensating mass to compensate for the imbalance. For example, depending on the detected position and / or size of an imbalance, the radius of rotation or the circumferential angle of a balancing mass rotating with the rotor can be changed via an actuator.
  • a bearing via which forces can be exerted on the centrifugation strand by means of an actuator, and / or at least one spring and / or damping device is controlled or regulated so that a Impact of an imbalance and / or an effect of improper alignment of the drive axle of the drive to the acceleration due to gravity is at least reduced.
  • a regulation of the spring stiffness and / or damping of the spring and / or damping device can be carried out.
  • the bearing which can then be designed as an electromagnetic bearing, or in the compensation device, a compensating force is generated, which counteracts the resulting vibration of the centrifugation strand.
  • control logic which detects a failure of at least one product and a resulting imbalance of the rotor.
  • control logic evaluates the signal of an acceleration sensor or tilt sensor at very high rotational speeds of the laboratory centrifuge in order to be able to detect by means of an increase in the detected measurement signal, at the high speeds and high associated centripetal accelerations acting on the product, failure of the product, particularly breakage of the sample tube, occurs. This may, for example, be detected by means of an abruptly changing amplitude of the measurement signal detected by the sensor as a result of the sudden failure of the product.
  • a temperature measured by a temperature sensor is used to carry out a temperature compensation of a measuring signal of at least one other sensor, preferably all of the sensors mentioned here. If the sensors, including the temperature sensor, are arranged on a sensor board, the temperature sensor detects a temperature representative of the further sensors arranged on the sensor board. If a temperature response is known for the other sensors and this is stored, for example, in a memory unit of the control unit, a temperature compensation can be carried out in a simple manner in the control unit via the temperature measured by the temperature sensor. In this way, the accuracy of the measuring signals of the sensors can be increased.
  • the measurement signal of a temperature sensor is not or not exclusively used for a temperature compensation of the measurement signals of the sensors. Rather, the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is taken into account in a determination and / or evaluation of a magnitude of an imbalance of the rotating components of the centrifugation strand. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible for the temperature to be taken into account in a determination and / or evaluation of a non-parallel alignment of the longitudinal and / or rotational axis of the centrifugal strand or of a principal axis of inertia of the rotating components of the centrifugal strand for gravitational acceleration.
  • the centrifugal strand forms as a result of its support via the spring and / or damping device as previously explained a vibration system whose vibration behavior due to a Excitation by an imbalance of the rotating components of the centrifugation strand and / or due to a non-parallel alignment of the longitudinal and / or rotational axis of the centrifugal strand to the acceleration due to gravity acceleration depends on a resonance function or transfer function of the oscillatory system.
  • this resonance or transfer function is in turn dependent on the stiffness and damping of the spring and / or damping devices.
  • Such a consideration can be done by modeling the temperature dependence of the resonance function or transfer function and thus converting the measurement signal depending on the applicable at the present temperature resonance function or transfer function. In the simplest case, however, such a consideration can already take place in that a comparison of the measurement signal with a threshold value takes place, in which case the threshold value can be dependent on the temperature. In this case, any dependence is possible, for example, a step-dependent dependence of the threshold value for individual temperature ranges, a dependency corresponding to a straight line or an arbitrarily shaped smooth, bent or jumped curve or a functional dependency or a dependency on a characteristic field which determines the dependence on further Operating parameters can take into account.
  • another operating parameter in such a map is a type of rotor used and / or different types of assembly of the rotor, wherein the detection of the type or the assembly can be done automatically or is entered via an input of a user to the laboratory centrifuge.
  • control logic on the basis of measured by the sensors measurement signals and / or error criteria before an adjustment of a lifetime and / or a service interval of the laboratory centrifuge, the drive or the rotor before.
  • This Design is based on the finding that when operating the laboratory centrifuge with suboptimal operating conditions, for example. With a force on the bearings and the mechanical components of the laboratory centrifuge performing rotating imbalance, a load on the components of the laboratory centrifuge increases, thus reducing the life and / or a service interval is required to ensure reliable operation of the laboratory centrifuge.
  • a determination as to whether the rotor is not rotationally symmetrically equipped with the products for example.
  • a measurement signal of an acceleration sensor By evaluation of a measurement signal of an acceleration sensor, as results in non-rotationally symmetrical assembly of the rotor with the products an imbalance, which then to a (u U. circumferential with the rotation in the circumferential direction) acceleration and vibration of the Zentrifugationsstrangs leads, which can be measured by means of the acceleration sensor.
  • a measured acceleration is compared with a threshold value or with one of the Speed of the rotor-dependent characteristic curve, it being concluded when the characteristic curve or the threshold value is exceeded that the rotor is not rotationally symmetrically equipped with the products and / or has an imbalance.
  • this is determined on the basis of a detection of a swinging change in inclination of the centrifugation strand, which can be detected by means of the inclination sensor used according to the invention.
  • the electronic control unit is equipped with control logic which detects an angular position and / or a size of an imbalance. For very small rotational speeds of the rotor far below the resonant frequency of the vibration system formed with the centrifugal strand and the spring and / or damping devices corresponds to the angular position of the circumferential deflection of the centrifugation strand approximately the angular position of the imbalance, with the result that the acceleration, then by an acceleration sensor held on the drive has a minimum.
  • phase shift which starts at 0 ° for the frequency 0, in the resonant frequency is 90 ° and is 180 ° for high speeds.
  • this phase shift can be stored in the control unit and an associated memory unit as a characteristic. This characteristic curve is then taken into account for detecting the angular position of the imbalance. In this case, the characteristic curve can also be dependent on the measured temperature.
  • the rotor (and thus the products) experiences an oscillating acceleration in the direction of the gravitational acceleration vector, which is undesirable because of this oscillating acceleration interfere with the centrifugation and the desired segregation of the sample.
  • the acceleration of the centrifugation strand can be measured. If there is no or only a slight acceleration of the acceleration sensor, neither a rotationally symmetrical placement or imbalance of the rotor nor a deviation of the orientation of the longitudinal and / or rotational axis of the centrifugal strand with respect to the orientation of the acceleration due to gravity is present.
  • the acceleration sensor a constant DC component of the acceleration, this correlates with a constant, independent of the rotation of the rotor oblique position of the longitudinal and / or rotational axis of the Zentrifugationsstrangs, so that the DC component of the acceleration signal with the angle between the orientation of the longitudinal and / or rotational axis the centrifugation strand and the orientation of the gravitational acceleration correlated via a dependency, which, for example, can be stored in a map.
  • the amplitude of this oscillating acceleration correlates with the imbalance.
  • the magnitude of the unbalance is deduced from the amplitude of the oscillating acceleration via the (possibly temperature-dependent) resonance curve or transfer function of the vibration system.
  • different sensors are used to distinguish between an imbalance of the centrifugation strand and the deviation of the orientation of the longitudinal and / or rotational axis of the centrifugal strand from the orientation of the gravitational acceleration.
  • FIG. 1 shows in a horizontal view components of a laboratory centrifuge 1.
  • a centrifugal strand 2 has an electric drive 3, a rotor 4 and a drive and / or rotor shaft 5, via which the drive 3, the rotor 4 in rotation about a longitudinal and / or rotational axis 6 can put on.
  • the spring and / or damping devices 7a, 7b are arranged in the region of the bottom of the laboratory centrifuge 1 and possibly arranged in a space of the laboratory centrifuge 1, which is completely or largely or partially separated from the rotor chamber in which the rotor 4 rotates.
  • the spring and / or damping devices 7a, 7b can be supported on a base-side metal sheet or carrier of the housing 8 of the laboratory centrifuge 1.
  • the opposite base of the spring and / or damping devices 7a, 7b is supported on the drive 3 in an end region of the drive 3, which faces away from the rotor 4.
  • the housing 11 of the drive 3 may have suitable flanges 10a, 10b to which the spring and / or damping devices 7a, 7b are fastened.
  • the centrifugal strand 2 does not have an imbalance with respect to the longitudinal and / or rotational axis 6.
  • an imbalance may result, for example, from defects or damage to the drive 3 or the rotor 4 of the centrifugal strand 2, damage to at least one product or improper or non-rotationally symmetrical assembly of the rotor 4 with products.
  • the rotor 4 of the laboratory centrifuge 1 is equipped with products, for which purpose the rotor 4 may be designed as a fixed-angle swing-out or drum rotor.
  • the products should be arranged rotationally symmetrically on the rotor 4 and / or be distributed over the circumference of the rotor 4 in such a way that there is no imbalance of the rotor 4 with the products.
  • the circumferential imbalance force leads to a change in the inclination of the longitudinal and / or rotational axis 6 of the centrifugal strand 2, which also coincides the rotating unbalance rotates.
  • corresponding dynamic deflections and inclinations of the centrifugal strand 2 occur whose phase shifts and amplitudes are dependent on the resonance or transmission function of the vibration system 9.
  • a sensor board 12 is held on a housing 11 of the drive 3. For the embodiment shown here, this is done via a screwed to the housing 11 of the drive 3 recording and mounting unit 13. From the sensor board 12 extends a wiring harness 14, which may be arbitrary, multi-core, unidirectional or bidirectional, from the recording and fastening unit 13 out, which takes place here in the horizontal direction. At the end remote from the sensor board 12, the wiring harness 14 has a plug 15.
  • Fig. 2 shows in a three-dimensional view of the sensor board 12 with the outgoing therefrom wiring harness 14 in the receiving and fastening unit 13.
  • the receiving and fixing unit 13 is formed here as an annular disc 17 and has distributed over the circumference through holes 18a, 18b, 18c. Furthermore, the annular disc 17 has on the housing 11 of the drive 3 side facing a radially continuous groove 19 through which extends the wiring harness 14.
  • the ring on the radially inner side in partial peripheral areas open-edged recesses 20a, 20b, 20c (and another, hidden by the wiring harness 14 recess), which are arranged according to the outer contour of the sensor board 12 on the annular disc 17 and the geometry thereof is that in these recesses 20a, 20b, 20c corners, the sensor board 12 are received with a game, a clearance fit, a transition fit or a press fit.
  • An underside of the sensor board 12 is supported on a bottom of the recesses 20a, 20b, 20c.
  • the sensor board 12 is loosely inserted into the annular disc 17, wherein the sensor board 12 is then caught with screwing the washer 17 on the housing 11 of the drive 3 between the bottom of the recesses 20 and the housing 11 of the drive 3. It is also possible that the sensor board 12 is additionally attached to the annular disc 17, which u by any attachment means such as an adhesive, a screw, a clipping u. ⁇ . Can take place.
  • the radially inwardly open recesses 20 have an angular cross-section, wherein the angular cross-sections of the recesses 20 complement each other to a rectangle whose dimensions match with a game, a clearance, a transition fit or a press fit with the outer dimensions of the sensor board 12.
  • the assembly of the sensor board 12 is preferably carried out on the housing 11 of the drive 3 side facing.
  • the thickness of the annular disc 17 and the depth of the recesses 20 is selected such that the electronic and electrical components of the sensor board 12 with a small clearance spaced from the housing 11 of the drive 3 are arranged.
  • a ventilation of the sensor board 12 from the bottom region of the laboratory centrifuge 1 through gaps 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d takes place.
  • FIG. 2 shows highly schematically a possible fitting of the sensor board 12.
  • the sensor board 12 has a first inclination sensor 22, a second inclination sensor 23, a first acceleration sensor 24, a second acceleration sensor 25, a temperature sensor 26, a magnetic field sensor 27, a plug connector 28, to which can be connected via a corresponding connector of the wiring harness 14, an electronic control unit 29 and a 9-axis sensor 30th
  • the magnetic field sensor 27 can detect an inclination to a magnetic field of the earth.
  • the magnetic field sensor 27 or one of the inclination sensors 22, 23 detects the magnetic field of a permanent magnet 31.
  • the permanent magnet 31 is fixed to the housing 8 of the laboratory centrifuge 1.
  • the magnetic field sensor 27 is arranged with the sensor board 12 in the bottom region of the laboratory centrifuge 1 on the housing 11 of the drive 3, the permanent magnet 31 is also disposed in the bottom region of the laboratory centrifuge 1.
  • the permanent magnet 31 is attached to a bottom plate or a bottom-side strut of the laboratory centrifuge 1.
  • the magnetic field sensor 27 detects the strength or flux density of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 31 or an orientation of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 31, whereby the distance of the magnetic field sensor 27 from the permanent magnet 31 and / or the inclination to the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 31 and thus the Incident of the longitudinal and / or rotational axis 6 relative to the housing 8 is detected.
  • the control unit 29 it can be determined on the basis of the measurement signals by means of the control unit 29 whether the axis of rotation of the rotor 4 corresponds to the principal axis of inertia of the rotor 4 with the products held thereon. Deviations from this are detected by means of the control logic as imbalance, which leads to vibrations. This can be done a qualitative and / or quantitative detection of imbalance. If an existing unbalance detected, there is a controlled deceleration of the drive 3. It can be initiated an emergency braking procedure, then on the issue of an example. Visual or audible error message can interact with the user, so that an existing risk due to imbalance can be recognized by the user or a higher-level machine.
  • Another possible cause of the occurrence of an imbalance may be a bent, tilted, tilted or lacking attachment of the rotor 4.
  • the measured measurement signals or a result of the evaluation thereof is used as a process parameter.
  • a process parameter for example, in an automated loading and unloading laboratory centrifuge 1 or also a manually loaded and unloaded laboratory centrifuge 1, it is possible to monitor measured values or evaluation results within a predetermined tolerance range for different cycles of the laboratory centrifuge 1 with a plurality of sets of samples with the desired same configuration must result.
  • amplitudes, waveforms, rectified and integrated waveforms u. ⁇ . be compared with predetermined tolerance ranges.
  • MEMS microsystem
  • acoustic sensors or optical sensors can be used.
  • Position sensors such as a gyroscope or a magnetometer and / or acceleration sensors are primarily used, and these may have different sensitivities and / or frequency ranges as explained above.
  • An evaluation of the measurement signals can take place in the time domain or in the frequency domain. In this case, a coordinate transformation between rotor and drive movements can take place. Other device parameters such as, for example, the rotor speed, the current consumption of the drive or RZB can also be included in the evaluation.
  • An evaluation can be made on the sensor board 12 and / or in a control unit of the laboratory centrifuge 1 or even externally from the laboratory centrifuge 1.
  • a fixed threshold value is defined as the threshold value for a measured inclination or a measured acceleration
  • a calculation of a dynamic threshold value takes place and / or a temporal integration of the measured inclination or the measured acceleration and a shutdown occurs when a limit value is exceeded.
  • the 9-axis sensor can be a sensor that detects accelerations in all spatial directions, inclinations in all spatial directions and a magnetic field in all spatial directions.
  • this inclination is based on a non-horizontal installation of the laboratory centrifuge 1. If, however, this inclination changes with the rotation of the rotor 4, the non-rotationally symmetrical assembly or an imbalance of the rotor 4 is responsible for this , It can then be generated a corresponding error message.
  • the individual sensors or the sensor board 12 may already be equipped with an AD converter or AD conversion takes place after transmission of the measurement signals via the wiring harness 14.
  • an evaluation of the measurement signals takes place at least partially by using a fast Fourier transformation (FFT).
  • FFT fast Fourier transformation
  • the amplitude of the signal in the case of upper and / or lower waves increases to the fundamental frequency dependent on the rotational speed of the rotor 4, so that the spectral lines of the FFT for the upper and / or lower waves also indicate an imbalance may also be deducted from their amount.
  • a DC component of the detected signals is separated from an AC component via an FFT.
  • a bandpass filter whose center frequency corresponds to the frequency resulting from the rotational speed of the rotor 4 or which corresponds to an upper or lower wave of this frequency is preferably used.
  • control unit 29 a conditioning of the measurement signals of the sensors already takes place, for example, can be done so that for different rotors 4 and sensor boards 12 each an adaptation to the different types of rotors and the used Sensors are performed by the control unit 29 and then via the wiring harness 14 already standardized output signals can be transmitted, which can then be evaluated by a control unit of the laboratory centrifuge 1 or an external control unit.
  • the sensor board 12 may be arranged in a side region of the housing 11 of the drive 3 or even integrated into the drive 3.
  • this preferably relates to an acceleration or alignment of the housing of the drive.
  • an evaluation of the measurement signals in particular for the determination of an imbalance, in a low speed range, in particular a speed range below 3,000 or 4,000 rpm, by means of an acceleration sensor, while in a speed range above 3,000 U / min or above 4,000 rpm up to the maximum rotational speed of the laboratory centrifuge 1 an evaluation takes place on the basis of the measurement signal of a tilt sensor, which can detect in particular a transient transient response in the case of a tube break even at the high speeds mentioned.

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  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
EP18150064.6A 2018-01-02 2018-01-02 Centrifugeuse de laboratoire Active EP3505258B1 (fr)

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EP18150064.6A EP3505258B1 (fr) 2018-01-02 2018-01-02 Centrifugeuse de laboratoire
CN201910001080.5A CN109985734B (zh) 2018-01-02 2019-01-02 实验室离心机

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CN111152937A (zh) * 2020-01-20 2020-05-15 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 离心场中振动台动圈定中装置及定中方法
EP3929539A1 (fr) * 2020-06-22 2021-12-29 Dr. Johannes Heidenhain GmbH Unité de détection et capteur rotatif équipé d'une telle unité de détection
CN114728297A (zh) * 2019-08-09 2022-07-08 安德烈亚斯·海蒂诗两合公司 离心机
WO2023020698A1 (fr) * 2021-08-19 2023-02-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de surveillance de machine électrique

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EP3868476A1 (fr) * 2020-02-18 2021-08-25 Flender GmbH Mécanisme de broyage, procédé de fonctionnement
CN114887778B (zh) * 2022-05-13 2024-02-02 湖南淼泉生物技术有限公司 一种iⅲ型重组胶原蛋白水凝胶制备设备及其使用方法
CN116182958B (zh) * 2023-04-28 2023-10-10 江苏省计量科学研究院(江苏省能源计量数据中心) 一种离心带式血细胞分离机检测系统及检测方法

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DE19539633A1 (de) 1995-10-25 1997-04-30 Heraeus Instr Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung einer Unwucht sowie Anwendung der Vorrichtung
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CN114728297A (zh) * 2019-08-09 2022-07-08 安德烈亚斯·海蒂诗两合公司 离心机
CN114728297B (zh) * 2019-08-09 2023-11-03 安德烈亚斯·海蒂诗两合公司 离心机
CN111152937A (zh) * 2020-01-20 2020-05-15 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 离心场中振动台动圈定中装置及定中方法
CN111152937B (zh) * 2020-01-20 2024-04-19 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 离心场中振动台动圈定中装置及定中方法
EP3929539A1 (fr) * 2020-06-22 2021-12-29 Dr. Johannes Heidenhain GmbH Unité de détection et capteur rotatif équipé d'une telle unité de détection
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WO2023020698A1 (fr) * 2021-08-19 2023-02-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de surveillance de machine électrique

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CN109985734A (zh) 2019-07-09
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