EP3504740A1 - Protection de dispositifs électroniques - Google Patents
Protection de dispositifs électroniquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3504740A1 EP3504740A1 EP17768176.4A EP17768176A EP3504740A1 EP 3504740 A1 EP3504740 A1 EP 3504740A1 EP 17768176 A EP17768176 A EP 17768176A EP 3504740 A1 EP3504740 A1 EP 3504740A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- polymer
- gas barrier
- units derived
- vinylidene fluoride
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/88—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2068—Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells
- H01G9/2077—Sealing arrangements, e.g. to prevent the leakage of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
- H10F19/804—Materials of encapsulations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/80—Constructional details
- H10K10/88—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K50/844—Encapsulations
- H10K50/8445—Encapsulations multilayered coatings having a repetitive structure, e.g. having multiple organic-inorganic bilayers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention is in the field of protection of electronic devices, and in particular optoelectronic devices, against potential attacks of physico-chemical origin such as, for example, dissolution, corrosion, oxidative degradation, abrasive friction.
- physico-chemical origin such as, for example, dissolution, corrosion, oxidative degradation, abrasive friction.
- the term electronic device is either a single electronic component or a set of electronic components, capable (s) to perform one or more functions in an electronic circuit.
- the electronic device is more particularly an optoelectronic device, that is to say capable of emitting, detecting or controlling electromagnetic radiation.
- Examples of electronic devices, or possibly optoelectronic devices, concerned by the present invention are transistors, chips, batteries, photovoltaic cells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), sensors, actuators, transformers and detectors.
- LEDs light-emitting diodes
- OLEDs organic light-emitting diodes
- Electronic and optoelectronic devices are used and integrated in many electronic devices, equipment or subassemblies and in many objects and applications such as televisions, mobile phones, rigid or flexible screens, thin-film photovoltaic modules, lighting sources, energy sensors and converters, etc.
- Electronic and optoelectronic devices are, very often, likely to deteriorate, become damaged, lose their effectiveness or stop working due to physico-chemical aggressions caused by their close environment, such as the penetration of liquids or gases such as water vapor and oxygen, shocks, thermomechanical stresses, especially those related to changes in temperature, friction, contact with particles and other foreign bodies, etc.
- the first and most common technique is to provide a gas barrier film comprising one or more gas barrier layers deposited on a polymeric substrate.
- the barrier film is applied directly to the device via an adhesive layer.
- the effectiveness of the deposited gas barrier structure can be compromised in the event of local defects in the polymer substrate of the barrier film.
- the application is by rolling the barrier film previously adhesively onto the device, the adhesive layer thus becoming the first layer of the encapsulating structure. Since the adhesive layer on the barrier film is in the solid state during the conformation operation to the surface topology of the device, this operation is delicate, and there is even a risk of damage to the device due to the applied pressure.
- the second technique is to deposit directly on the device one or more gas barrier layers.
- the methods for depositing the gas barrier layers are various and include liquid deposition followed by evaporation, such as spin-coating, spray-coating, screen printing, flexography, slot-die coating, pull-film deposition (like the so-called contactless Doctor-Blade or Meyer bar method, with contact), jet-die coating ink, gaseous deposition under vacuum, with or without conversion of precursor gases, such as, for example, chemical deposition methods such as CVD ("chemical vapor deposition"), PECVD (plasma-enhanced, chemical vapor deposition) or ALD ("atomic layer deposition” or "deposition”) atomic layers), as well as their combinations.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- PECVD plasma-enhanced, chemical vapor deposition
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- the invention relates first of all to an electronic device at least partially covered, preferably completely covered, with a layer comprising a polymer comprising repeat units derived from vinylidene fluoride.
- the polymer comprising vinylidene fluoride repeating units is a copolymer, which preferably also comprises repeat units derived from hexafluoropropylene.
- the copolymer comprises a molar proportion of repeating units derived from hexafluoropropylene ranging from 2 to 50%, preferably from 5 to 40%.
- said layer has a thickness of 1 nm to 50 ⁇ , preferably 100 nm to 20 ⁇ .
- said layer has a roughness R a less than or equal to 20 nm, and more particularly less than or equal to 10 nm and even more preferably less than or equal to 7 nm.
- said layer is surmounted by one or more additional layers of protection, and preferably is surmounted by at least one gas barrier layer, or a layer of adhesive and at least one film gas barrier.
- the polymer layer comprising repeat units derived from vinylidene fluoride is the only protective layer of the device.
- the device is chosen from transistors, chips, batteries, photovoltaic cells, light-emitting diodes, organic light-emitting diodes, sensors, actuators, transformers and photodetectors; and which is preferably an optoelectronic device, and even more preferred an organic light-emitting diode or an organic photovoltaic cell.
- the invention also relates to a protective film for an electronic device, comprising at least one gas barrier film associated with a layer comprising a polymer comprising repeat units derived from vinylidene fluoride.
- the at least one gas barrier film comprises an inorganic layer.
- the layer comprising a polymer comprising repeat units derived from vinylidene fluoride:
- copolymer which preferably also comprises repeat units derived from hexafluoropropylene; and or
- the layer comprising a polymer comprising repeat units derived from vinylidene fluoride has a thickness of 1 nm to 50 ⁇ m, preferably from 100 nm to 20 ⁇ m; and / or has a roughness R a less than or equal to 20 nm, and more particularly less than or equal to 10 nm and even more preferably less than or equal to 7 nm.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a device as described above, comprising providing a polymer solution or dispersion comprising vinylidene fluoride repeating units, depositing the solution or dispersion on a surface, and an evaporation step.
- the solution or dispersion is deposited directly on the surface of the device.
- the method comprises subsequent steps of deposition of one or more additional layers of protection, and preferably one or more barrier layers to the gases.
- the method comprises: either a subsequent step of depositing an adhesive on the fluoropolymer layer and then rolling a gas barrier film; or a subsequent step of rolling a gas barrier film pre-coated with an adhesive layer.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a device according to the invention, comprising the provision of a protective film such as as described above, and the application of this protective film on the surface of the device.
- the invention also relates to an apparatus comprising one or more electronic devices according to the invention.
- the apparatus is chosen from televisions, mobile phones, rigid screens, flexible screens, photovoltaic modules, lighting sources, sensors and energy converters.
- the electronic device is disposed on a surface of the apparatus, the layer comprising a polymer comprising repeat units derived from vinylidene fluoride being disposed between a face of the electronic device and this surface; and the electronic device being covered, on an opposite face, by the layer comprising a polymer comprising repeat units derived from vinylidene fluoride and / or by one or more additional layers of protection, preferably one or more gas barrier layers or an adhesive layer and a gas barrier film.
- the present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the state of the art. It provides more particularly an improved technique of protection of electronic devices including optoelectronic devices.
- the invention is based on the use of a polymer comprising vinylidene fluoride (VDF) repeat units (hereinafter referred to as "fluorinated polymer”) to form a protective layer of said devices, and more particularly as a passivation or planarization layer.
- VDF vinylidene fluoride
- This layer can be formed by putting the fluoropolymer in solution or dispersion and applying the solution or dispersion on the surface concerned.
- a surface roughness is obtained after evaporation of the solvent which can be remarkably low.
- the fluoropolymer when deposited on a device, it adheres sufficiently to the device and any additional layers of the protective structure.
- the device does not alter the initial performance of the device, and in advantageous embodiments, it even improves these performances, especially when the device is optoelectronic; without wishing to be bound by any theory, the inventors believe that this improvement can be attributed to an optical effect.
- the thickness of the fluoropolymer layer is easily controllable by the thickness of the deposited liquid layer and by the concentration of the solution or dispersion; it can have in particular a very low value, this which is more difficult to obtain with an adhesive layer of the state of the art.
- the fluoropolymer layer also makes it possible to protect the device during successive depositions of the layers of the barrier structure (encapsulation):
- the fluoropolymer layer has a protective role vis-à-vis the deposition of the adhesive and / or the rolling step;
- the fluoropolymer layer makes it possible to improve the properties of the barrier structure, by planarizing the structure and thereby reducing the number of defects in the barrier structure subsequently deposited.
- Figure 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of an electronic device according to the invention, in top view (top) and in section (bottom).
- FIG. 2 represents the results of an aging test of a bare electronic device (A), with a fluoropolymer layer according to the invention (B) or with encapsulation with a conventional gas barrier film (C), as explained in the examples section.
- the aging time is in abscissa (in hours) and the standardized performance of the device is on the ordinate.
- FIG. 3 represents the results of a standardized conversion efficiency measurement test (on the ordinate) for photovoltaic devices at various stages of treatment (on the abscissa), with (X) and without (O) the fluoropolymer layer provided. by the invention.
- FIG. 4 represents the results of a conversion efficiency measurement test (in ordinate) for photovoltaic devices before (1) and after (2) deposition of a fluoropolymer layer provided by the invention, and this for solutions of fluoropolymer at concentrations of 5 and 10%.
- FIG. 5 is an observation result in confocal microscopy illustrating the planarization effect of a fluoropolymer layer according to the invention on an electronic device.
- the image A corresponds to the naked device and the image B to the device covered with a fluoropolymer layer.
- FIG. 6 represents the results of a conversion efficiency measurement test (in ordinate) for photovoltaic devices before (1) and after (2) deposition of a fluoropolymer layer provided by the invention and a barrier layer for solutions of fluoropolymer at concentrations of 5 and 10%.
- the invention is based on the use of a fluoropolymer, which is a polymer comprising repeat units derived from VDF, and optionally comprising other repeating units (i.e. a polymer obtained by polymerization of monomers of VDF and possibly other monomers).
- a homopolymer can be used.
- a copolymer is used, this term here denoting in a generic manner the polymers obtained by polymerization of VDF with at least one other comonomer, that is to say polymers having repeating units derived from VDF and at least one other comonomer.
- it is a copolymer in the strict sense, that is to say having repeating units from the VDF and a single other comonomer.
- the comonomer is a halogenated alkene, and more preferably a fluorinated alkene.
- Mention may in particular be made of halogenated propenes or ethenes, and more particularly fluoroethylene (or vinyl fluoride), chlorofluoroethylenes (1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene and 1-chloro-2-fluoroethylene), trifluoroethylene, chlorodifluoroethylenes (in particular 1 chloro-2,2-difluoroethylene), 1-bromo-2,2-difluoroethylene, bromotrifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoropropenes (especially 3,3,3-trifluoropropene), tetrafluoropropenes (especially 2 , 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene), chlorotrifluoropropenes (especially 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluor
- the fluoropolymer is a thermoplastic polymer (as opposed to a fluoroelastomer). Fluoropolymers containing a high proportion of units derived from VDF comonomer tend to be thermoplastic.
- thermoplastic is meant here a non-elastomeric polymer.
- An elastomeric polymer is defined as a polymer that can be stretched at room temperature to twice its original length and, after stress relief, quickly resumes its initial length to within 10% as indicated by ASTM in Special Technical Publication No. 184.
- the fluoropolymer used in the invention can be obtained by known polymerization methods such as solution, emulsion or suspension polymerization. According to one embodiment, it is prepared by an emulsion polymerization process in the absence of fluorinated surfactant.
- the fluoropolymer used in the invention when it is a copolymer, may be homogeneous or heterogeneous, and preferably homogeneous.
- a homogeneous polymer has a uniform chain structure, the statistical distribution of the comonomers not varying between the polymer chains.
- the polymer chains In a heterogeneous polymer, the polymer chains have a distribution in average content of comonomers of the multimodal or spread type: it therefore comprises comonomer-rich polymer chains and polymer chains poor in said comonomer.
- An example of heterogeneous PVDF is shown in WO 2007/080338.
- a homogeneous copolymer can be prepared by a one-step process, in which the comonomers are injected progressively while maintaining a constant mass ratio between them.
- Hexafluoropropene is the preferred comonomer.
- the fluoropolymer of the invention is preferably a P (VDF-HFP) copolymer.
- the copolymer P (VDF-HFP) may especially be as described in the documents WO 01/32726 and US Pat. No. 6,586,547, to which reference is expressly made.
- the molar proportion of repeating units derived from VDF in the fluoropolymer is preferably from 50 to 98%, especially from 60 to 95%.
- the molar proportion of repeating units resulting from the HFP is preferably from 2 to 50%, especially from 5 to 40%.
- the viscosity of the fluoropolymer is from 0.1 to 100 kPo (kiloPoise) by measuring at 230 ° C. and at 100 s -1 shear rate.
- the fluoropolymer can be used as a coating for an electronic device.
- the electronic device may include a substrate and electronic elements supported thereon, which may include layers of conductive material, semiconductor material, and the like.
- the electronic elements are preferably on one side of the substrate but in some embodiments they may be on both sides of the substrate.
- the fluoropolymer coating may cover all or part of the electronic elements, and all or part of the substrate.
- the fluoropolymer covers at least a portion of the substrate and at least a portion of the electronic elements, in order to fulfill its planarizing function.
- the fluorinated polymer may cover only one of the two faces of the substrate (preferably the face which comprises the electronic elements), in whole or in part, or alternatively the two faces of the substrate, in whole or in part.
- the substrate may especially be a sheet of metal, silicon, glass, quartz, or polymer, and preferably a sheet of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- the thickness of the substrate may preferably vary from 3 ⁇ to 4 mm, more particularly from 12 to 200 ⁇ .
- the maximum thickness of the electronic elements above the substrate may in particular vary from 10 nm to 1 mm, preferably from 20 nm to 500 ⁇ .
- a cover preferably transparent, for example glass, may be disposed above the device and all of the coating layers which are described below (these coating layers are also preferably transparent).
- the invention particularly provides the use of the fluoropolymer above to form a planarization layer on the electronic device.
- This has the advantage of protecting the device from external aggressions without the addition of additional barrier layers (inorganic thin layers, or organic / inorganic multilayers, or glass / adhesive cover, or gas barrier film / adhesive), at least during a period of time. sufficient time (pre-encapsulation) allowing its transport and the subsequent implementation of the definitive encapsulation, or the rolling on a final object (via an adhesive) which brings by itself- even a definitive encapsulation function.
- the planing layer also makes it possible to mechanically protect the device during a possible step of rolling a barrier film.
- a fluoropolymer layer is provided directly on all or part of the electronic device (in particular optoelectronic), for the purpose of passivating or planarizing the surface of the device to be protected (that is to say from the make it more inert or flatter).
- one or more additional protective layers are disposed above this planarization layer.
- the additional layer or layers may be disposed either immediately after deposition and drying (solidification) of the planarization layer, or subsequently.
- an adhesive layer is placed above the planarization layer and then a non-pre-bonded gas barrier film.
- the gas barrier film is adhered to the planarization layer by the adhesive layer deposited directly on the planarization layer.
- a pre-bonded gas barrier film that is to say comprising an adhesive layer.
- the adhesive layer of the barrier film is then directly applied to the fluoropolymer planarization layer.
- At least one gas barrier layer is also meant multilayer structures comprising a plurality of subsequently deposited gas barrier layers, optionally with one or more intercalation layers.
- barrier film a multilayer structure formed prior to its assembly with the device, comprising a support or polymer substrate and one or more gas barrier layers, optionally with one or more intercalation layers. Said barrier film previously formed may in particular be assembled on the device coated with the planarization layer and the adhesive layer according to the second variant of the first embodiment.
- an additional fluoropolymer layer is disposed above the gas barrier film or barrier layer structure (s) directly deposited (without adhesive) on the electronic device. In the latter case, this protects the last gas barrier layer of the film or structure.
- the entire encapsulation of the electronic device which comprises the gas barrier film or alternatively the barrier layer structure constructed by successive deposition on the device, can in particular be of the HB (high barrier) or UHB (ultra-high barrier) type.
- a film or structure HB has a water vapor transmission flux of 10 "3 to 10 " 5 gm ⁇ 2 .j ⁇ 1
- a UHB film or structure has a lower water vapor transmission flow. at 10 "5 gm ⁇ 2 .j ⁇ 1 .
- This flow of water vapor transmission can be measured as follows: a given partial pressure of target gas (water vapor) is maintained on the upstream face of the sample.
- the target gas concentration depends on the standards defined in standards (a humidity of 85% and a temperature of 38 ° C for the measurement of water, for example according to ASTM D3985-95 and F1249-90 standards).
- the downstream face of the sample is maintained at a partial pressure by permeating zero, either by a stream of neutral gas (nitrogen) which transports the gas having diffused in the sample to a sensor, or by vacuum.
- the measurement is performed by obtaining a constant flux (stationary regime which follows the transient regime).
- gas barrier layer to be deposited or already present in a barrier film to be assembled on the planarized device by the planarizing layer of the invention it is possible in particular to use an inorganic layer.
- the inorganic layer may in particular consist of oxides, nitrides or metal oxynitrides.
- a layer may for example be deposited by thin-layer deposition technologies under vacuum such as chemical vapor deposition or CVD (PECVD, ALD) or physical vapor deposition or PVD (evaporation, spraying).
- the thickness of the inorganic layer may be of the order of a few hundred nanometers, for example from 50 nm to 1 ⁇ m and more preferably from 100 nm to 700 nm, or from 200 to 500 nm, especially in the case of deposition. by PECVD or PVD (for example: deposition of S1O2 by PECVD or PVD).
- It may be of a lower thickness, of the order of a few tens of nanometers, for example from 10 to 100 nm, and more preferably from 15 to 50 nm and in particular from 20 to 40 nm, in the case of deposition by ALD (for example: deposition of A Os, or ZnO, or ZnO: Al, or S1O2, or ⁇ 2, or Ta2Os, or HfO2, or SnO2 by ALD).
- ALD deposition may lead to layers of molecular thickness, it is preferable to accumulate a sufficient number of layers to arrive at the thicknesses given here by way of example.
- a structure comprising in a superimposed manner:
- a first dense inorganic layer (for example of oxide or metal nitride type);
- an intercalation polymer layer (preferably having a thickness of a few microns, for example from 1 to 25 ⁇ , in particular from 2 to 5 ⁇ );
- an additional dense inorganic layer (for example of oxide or metal nitride type);
- an outer protective layer of the last dense inorganic layer which may especially be a fluoropolymer layer as described above.
- a gas barrier film comprising one or more successive dyads of a) a dense inorganic layer (for example of oxide or metal nitride type); and b) a polymer intercalation layer (preferably having a thickness of a few microns, for example from 1 to 25 ⁇ m, in particular from 2 to 5 ⁇ m); and finally c) a polymer substrate which, after assembling the barrier film and the planarized and adhesive device, is in the outermost position of the stack and also serves as the outermost protective layer with respect to the device.
- a dense inorganic layer for example of oxide or metal nitride type
- a polymer intercalation layer preferably having a thickness of a few microns, for example from 1 to 25 ⁇ m, in particular from 2 to 5 ⁇ m
- a polymer substrate which, after assembling the barrier film and the planarized and adhesive device, is in the outermost position of the stack and also serves as the outermost protective layer with respect to the device.
- the polymer substrate of the barrier film may be, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).
- the polymeric substrate of the flexible device may also be polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).
- Each intercalation polymer layer may be, for example, an organic polymer, for example of an acrylic chemical nature, or an organic / inorganic hybrid material, for example as sold under the name Ormocer®.
- the multilayer structure may comprise a flexible glass layer.
- the barrier layer In the first variant of the first embodiment, it is possible to deposit a dense barrier layer directly on the fluoropolymer layer of the invention, for example by ALD, PECVD or PVD or, alternatively, by a technique of deposition (such as “spin-coating", “slot-die coating", atomization, film pulling ”) of a transformable liquid precursor after evaporation of the liquid and a possible energy supply by radiation or heat , in a dense barrier layer.
- the barrier layer generally does not comprise a polymeric substrate, but optionally an intercalation polymer layer may be used as the first layer above the fluoropolymer layer.
- a gas barrier film When a gas barrier film is used, it can be applied over the fluoropolymer layer by rolling, especially in a roll-to-roll or vacuum process.
- the adhesive used may be in particular a pressure-sensitive adhesive or a photo-crosslinkable or heat-curable liquid adhesive.
- a film of hot melt material such as a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA) or a liquid adhesive such as than a silicone.
- EVA ethylene and vinyl acetate
- a liquid adhesive such as than a silicone.
- the fluoropolymer layer may have the effect of improving the gas barrier properties of the additional layer or layers deposited thereon, which represents an advantage over the other types of planarization or passivation layers known in the state of the art.
- the fluoropolymer layer because of its stabilizing effect, may possibly allow the use of relatively corrosive adhesives (and therefore not directly compatible with the device) but having useful properties (barriers for example).
- the fluoropolymer layer is the only protective layer of the device (except for a possible cover).
- the fluoropolymer layer of the invention alone provides some protection against chemical aging and performance degradation of the device.
- the fluoropolymer layer of the invention is used as a temporary or temporary protective layer, especially with respect to dust and contamination; this layer is then removed, for example by a simple washing operation with a solvent (for example the solvent which was used during the deposition of the layer).
- a solvent for example the solvent which was used during the deposition of the layer.
- a fluoropolymer layer is associated with at least one gas barrier film (as described above in connection with the first embodiment).
- An electronic device can then be coated with this multilayer assembly.
- the fluoropolymer layer can play the role of the adhesive which has been described in connection with the first embodiment.
- the multilayer assembly may be applied in particular by rolling on the surface of the device, which may itself also be pre-coated with a fluoropolymer layer according to the invention, or not.
- the fluoropolymer layer may be disposed on the electronic device on one side of the substrate mentioned above (preferably the face where the electronic elements are arranged), or preferably still on both sides of said substrate. It is the same for the various additional multilayer protective structures described above.
- the electronic device is disposed on the surface of an article, which may for example be curved.
- a fluoropolymer layer according to the invention can be provided between the surface of the article and the electronic device.
- protection may be provided according to any one of the three embodiments described above.
- the article in question may be for example a helmet, a decorative element, a furniture element, an architectural element, a sporting article, such as a shoe, a balloon, a frisbee, an element of a transport vehicle. ..
- the fluoropolymer layer in all of the above embodiments, may be prepared by liquid deposition.
- a solution of the fluoropolymer is formed in a solvent (with homogeneous dissolution of the fluoropolymer at the molecular level), or a dispersion of the fluoropolymer in a carrier fluid (the fluoropolymer being in particle form).
- This solution or dispersion is also referred to as ink.
- the ink is applied to the relevant surface (especially directly on the surface of the electronic device).
- the solvent or carrier fluid is then evaporated so that the fluoropolymer layer solidifies to form a continuous film by coalescence of the fluorinated polymer molecules or particles.
- a carrier fluid for the manufacture of a dispersion it can especially be used water or a miscible mixture water / organic solvent.
- a solvent chosen from those capable of dissolving the fluoropolymer (preferably in a homogeneous manner, to form a transparent solution) is used.
- Mention may in particular be made of ketones, including, for example, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclo pentanone; ethers, including for example dibutyl ether; esters, including, for example, methyl acetate or ethyl acetate or propyl acetate or butyl acetate.
- the invention makes it possible, where appropriate, to avoid the use of a solvent having a high toxicity, such as dimethylformamide (DMF) or N-methylpyrrolidone.
- a solvent having a high toxicity such as dimethylformamide (DMF) or N-methylpyrrolidone.
- the mass concentration of fluoropolymer in the solution or dispersion is preferably from 0.01% to 50%, more preferably from 0.5% to 25%, and more preferably from 3 to 15%.
- the ink may also contain one or more additives used in the synthesis of the fluoropolymer, or added to improve a property of the ink, such as its wettability of the surface of the electronic device, for example, or its adhesiveness to this surface for example.
- Preferred additives include co-solvents modifying the surface tension of the ink.
- it may be, in the case of solutions, compounds of the family of linear or cyclic alkanes such as heptane and cyclohexane, decane or dodecane, and aromatic compounds such as toluene or toluene. ethyl benzene.
- the application of the ink may comprise spreading by discrete or continuous means. It is possible to use in particular rotational deposition, atomization, screen printing, flexography, slit film deposition, film film deposition, ink jet printing.
- the preferred spreading methods are rotational deposition, slit head or doctor blade-type film-pulling (without contact with the device).
- the thickness of the fluoropolymer layer thus formed varies preferably from 1 nm to 50 ⁇ , preferably from 10 nm to 30 ⁇ , and more preferably still from 100 nm to 20 ⁇ .
- the surface roughness of the fluoropolymer layer is preferably less than or equal to 20 nm (in R a , root mean square), and more particularly less than or equal to 10 nm and even more preferably, less than or equal to 7 nm. This surface roughness can be determined by a measurement of surface topography with an alpha-step IQ profilometer.
- gas barrier having gas barrier performance characterized by a water vapor transmission flux of 10 "3 g.nn ⁇ 2 .j ⁇ 1 .
- the fluoropolymer according to the invention is a P (VDF-HFP) copolymer with a molar proportion of 76% of VDF and 24% of HFP.
- the copolymer is deposited by spin coating in an acetone solution (concentration of 2% by weight), so as to obtain a layer 1 to 2 ⁇ m thick.
- the devices are illustrated schematically in FIG. 1. They are produced by successive deposition of the following layers on a transparent conductive PET substrate 1 pre-coated with a thin layer of ITO (indium-tin oxide) as well as deposits for connection 6 in Cr / Au:
- ETL electron conducting layer 2 made of zinc oxide, having a thickness of 50 nm;
- hole-conducting layer 4 (HTL, of the pedo pss type), with a thickness of 60 nm;
- layer 5 of evaporated silver electrode with a thickness of 100 nm.
- the performances (conversion efficiency) of these three devices are measured over time in an accelerated aging test, with storage in an enclosure at 65 ° C. and 85% relative humidity.
- the electrical performances are measured punctually by a measurement current / voltage according to an incident irradiance AM 1.5 (IEC 60904).
- the behavior of the devices coated with the fluoropolymer layer of the invention is identical to that of conventionally encapsulated devices (rolling of a highly gas-barrier film), ie a decrease in order of 5%, while the performance drop of the bare device is 20%.
- Example 2 Effect of a Fluoropolymer Layer on Yield (in the Presence of a Barrier Film) The conversion efficiency of photovoltaic devices similar to those of Example 1 is measured (according to the method of Example 1), at different stages of treatment:
- Example 4 Effect of a Fluoropolymer Layer on Yield (Without Other Layer of Protection) This example is implemented in the same way as Example 3, with the difference that the deposition of the fluoropolymer layer is immediately followed by the deposition of an inorganic gas barrier layer by a liquid route and UV treatment at 185 nm. .
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1658014A FR3055472B1 (fr) | 2016-08-29 | 2016-08-29 | Protection de dispositifs electroniques |
| PCT/FR2017/052265 WO2018042107A1 (fr) | 2016-08-29 | 2017-08-23 | Protection de dispositifs électroniques |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3504740A1 true EP3504740A1 (fr) | 2019-07-03 |
Family
ID=57045207
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17768176.4A Withdrawn EP3504740A1 (fr) | 2016-08-29 | 2017-08-23 | Protection de dispositifs électroniques |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3504740A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP7062641B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20190045274A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN109804482A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3055472B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018042107A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3067715B1 (fr) | 2017-06-15 | 2019-07-05 | Arkema France | Encre a base de polymere fluore presentant une adhesion amelioree |
| CN110752312A (zh) | 2019-10-30 | 2020-02-04 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种显示面板、其制作方法及显示装置 |
| FR3104059B1 (fr) * | 2019-12-10 | 2022-07-08 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Empilement hautement barriere aux gaz notamment pour cellules photovoltaiques |
| CN118418556B (zh) * | 2024-05-14 | 2024-10-22 | 江苏思尔德科技有限公司 | 一种柔性导电阻隔薄膜及其制备方法与应用 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5597422A (en) * | 1994-04-30 | 1997-01-28 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Light-transmissive resin sealed semiconductor and production process thereof |
| US20100055472A1 (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-04 | Bravet David J | Fluoropolymer laminate |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06349577A (ja) * | 1993-06-04 | 1994-12-22 | Seikosha Co Ltd | El素子 |
| WO2001032726A1 (fr) * | 1999-11-03 | 2001-05-10 | Atofina Chemicals, Inc. | Copolymeres de hexafluoropropylene de fluorure de vinylidene a faible cristallinite |
| US6685793B2 (en) * | 2001-05-21 | 2004-02-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluoropolymer bonding composition and method |
| US20070020451A1 (en) * | 2005-07-20 | 2007-01-25 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Moisture barrier coatings |
| FR2896250B1 (fr) | 2006-01-13 | 2012-08-17 | Arkema | Agent d'extrusion a base de pvdf |
| CN102612432B (zh) * | 2009-09-01 | 2015-07-22 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 用于刚性光伏组件的背板 |
| JP2011231477A (ja) | 2010-04-26 | 2011-11-17 | Fp Corporation Ltd | 太陽電池モジュールの設置構造 |
| JP5783599B2 (ja) | 2010-09-13 | 2015-09-24 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | 封止材一体型裏面保護シート |
| KR101536382B1 (ko) | 2011-01-27 | 2015-07-15 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 다층 필름 및 이를 포함하는 광전지 모듈 |
| EP2813540B1 (fr) | 2012-02-08 | 2020-01-15 | LG Chem, Ltd. | Film multicouche et procédé pour sa fabrication |
| KR101701257B1 (ko) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-02-01 | 어플라이드 머티어리얼스, 인코포레이티드 | 박막 캡슐화 ― oled 어플리케이션을 위한 얇은 초고 배리어 층 |
| KR101487257B1 (ko) * | 2013-07-11 | 2015-01-28 | 엘에스산전 주식회사 | 태양전지 모듈 |
| US20150140320A1 (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-05-21 | Xerox Corporation | Surface layer and fuser member |
| JP5968957B2 (ja) | 2014-07-11 | 2016-08-10 | 日東電工株式会社 | 太陽電池モジュール用粘着シートおよび太陽電池モジュール |
-
2016
- 2016-08-29 FR FR1658014A patent/FR3055472B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2017
- 2017-08-23 CN CN201780053221.7A patent/CN109804482A/zh active Pending
- 2017-08-23 JP JP2019511965A patent/JP7062641B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2017-08-23 WO PCT/FR2017/052265 patent/WO2018042107A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2017-08-23 EP EP17768176.4A patent/EP3504740A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-08-23 KR KR1020197009190A patent/KR20190045274A/ko not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5597422A (en) * | 1994-04-30 | 1997-01-28 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Light-transmissive resin sealed semiconductor and production process thereof |
| US20100055472A1 (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-04 | Bravet David J | Fluoropolymer laminate |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of WO2018042107A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2018042107A1 (fr) | 2018-03-08 |
| FR3055472A1 (fr) | 2018-03-02 |
| JP7062641B2 (ja) | 2022-05-06 |
| CN109804482A (zh) | 2019-05-24 |
| KR20190045274A (ko) | 2019-05-02 |
| JP2019528201A (ja) | 2019-10-10 |
| FR3055472B1 (fr) | 2019-03-15 |
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